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2006 年东北师范大学金融学学科专业∶金融学考试科目∶货币银行学、国际金融学考试时间∶2006年1月15日下午Declaration: Icywarmtea is in no way in affiliation with Northeast Normal University.The copyright of this note goes to NENU. Any copy of the work must be authorized. No commercial use of this note is allowed. If you don't have the original version of this paper, you must delete it within 24 hours after it is downloaded. 货币银行学部分（共75分）一、简释下列各题（每题5分，共25分）1. 纸币2.有限法偿3.票据4. 基础货币5.通货膨胀二、简述下列各题（每题10分，共30分）1.影响利率的因素2.货币作为价值形式演变的结果，经历了哪四个发展阶段3.如何理解"中央银行是银行的银行"三、论述题（20分）流通中是否存在自发调节货币量的机制?国际金融学部分（共75分）一、简释下列各题（每题5分，共25分）1.汇率2.绝对购买力平价3.特里芬难题4.马歇尔-勒纳条件5.国际储备二、简述下列各题（每题10分，共30分）1.国际收支自动调节机制2.固定汇率与浮动汇率的比较分析3.外汇风险的基本类型三、论述题（20分）如何搭配运用财政政策与货币政策实现一国宏观经济的内外均衡?。
东北师范大学智慧树知到“英语”《英美文学》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.With Bellow and Singer as Nobel Prize winners, the status of Jewish Literature as an important part of American Literature has been firmly established.()A.错误B.正确2.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century. French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ____.A.vernacularismB.naturalismC.modernismD.local colorism3.____ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style. that American Literature ever produced”.A.Washington IrvingB.Walt WhitmanC.Henry David ThoreauD.Edgar Ellen Poe4.“My last Duchess” is a poem that best mplifies Robert Browning's ____.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue5.It is generally regarded that Keats's most important and mature poems are in the of ____.A.odeB.elegyC.epicD.sonnet6.The Jazz Age characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.()A.正确B.错误7.In Hardy's Tess of D'urbervilles, the heroines tragic ending is due to ____.A.her weak characterB.her ambitionC.Angel Clares selfishnessD.a hostile society8.“This grew: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped altogether.” (Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”) The above lines imply that ____.A.the Duchess was killed by her husbandB.the Duchess stopped smiling at her husbands orderC.the Duchess died of laughing too muchD.the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested9.In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for mor e” . What did Oliver ask for more?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More books to read10.Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou makst thy knife keen. In the above quotation taken form. The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n) ____ .A.synecdocheB.simileC.punD.oxymoron11.In her works , Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.正确B.错误12.The main technique applied to the novel Ulysses by Joyce is symbolism.()A.正确B.错误13.In her works, Amy Tan wrote beautifully about the contrast between Chinese and American cultures.()A.错误B.正确14.Beowulf is a national epic of ____.A.ScandinaviaB.GermanyC.FranceD.England15.Who is the writer that wrote about frontier adventures?____A.IrvingB.CooperC.Melville第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.Angry Young Man of the 1950's most came from ____.A.the lower classB.the upper classC.peasantsD.workers2.The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. It showed the English workers were able to appear as an independent political force and were already realizing the fact that the industrial bourgeoisie was their principal enemy.A.EnlightenmentB.RenaissanceC.ChartistD.Romanticist3.Neo-classicism saw its decline in Dryden.()A.错误B.正确4.In Shakespeare's comedies the heroes and heroines attained their victory without much struggle.()A.错误B.正确5.Irving was regarded as ____.A.father of American dramaB.father of American poetryC.father of American Literature6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“____in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epicB.romanceC.lyric epicic epic7.Irving was best known for his short stories such as Rip Van Winkle.()A.错误B.正确8.The publication of ____ established Emerson as the spokesman of Transcendentalism.A.NatureB.Self-relianceC.The American Scholar9.ChineseAmerican Literature can be defined as literature by and about ____ in America.A.Chinese studentsB.Chinese immigrantsn immigrants10.Shakespeare was born in April 1564 and died in 1616.()A.正确B.错误11.John Bunyan's pilgrim's progress is often regarded as a typical example of ____.A.romanceB.fableC.epic in proseD.allegory12.____ pen name was Mark Twain.A.William Dean HowellsB.Samuel Langhorne ClemensC.Henry James13.Sir Gawain and Green Knight was created by ____.A.None of the abovenglandC.ChaucerD.Bede14.Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ____, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A.multiple points of viewB.impressionismC.first person point of viewD.expressionism15.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?A.More time to playB.More money to spendC.More food to eatD.More book to read第1卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：B2.参考答案：B3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：D5.参考答案：A6.参考答案：A7.参考答案：D8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：C 10.参考答案：C11.参考答案：A12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：B14.参考答案：D15.参考答案：B第2卷参考答案一.综合考核1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：C3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：A5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：B8.参考答案：A9.参考答案：B10.参考答案：A11.参考答案：D12.参考答案：B13.参考答案：A14.参考答案：A15.参考答案：C。
2022年东北师范大学英语专业基础语言学考研真题和答案2022年东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》考研全套内容简介•东北师范大学外国语学院《英语专业基础（语言学）》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）•全国名校英语语言学考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，并提供了答案及详解。
其中，部分考研真题提供了视频讲解，从考查知识点、试题难度、相关考点等方面进行全方位的讲解。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1. Ch o m s ky p ro po se s th at th e co u r se o f l an gu age a cquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate查看答案【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communicati o n(e.g. to e x pre ss i de as, at ti tu de s) o r i n parti cu l a r social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Fun ctio n查看答案【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3. Hum an langu age is arbi trary. Thi s re fe rs to the f actth at th e re i s no l o gi cal o r i n tri n si c con ne cti on be tween a particul ar so un d an d the _____i t i s asso ci ate d wi t h.（人大2007研）【答案】me aning查看答案【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
大学英语（统考）在线练习题（英译汉）11：<div>英译汉试题：The young man was attracted by the beauty ofnature.</div><div> </div><div>参考答案：这个年轻人被大自然的美所吸引。
</div>A：错误B：正确正确答案：B2：<div>英译汉试题：This task doesn’t call formuchskill.</div><div> </div><div>参考答案：这项任务不需要太多技巧。
</div>A：错误B：正确正确答案：B3：<div>英译汉试题：Everyone is surprised at the fact that the human population isgrowing so rapidly.</div><div> </div><div>参考答案：大家都惊讶于这一事实，即人口增长得如此之快。
</div>A：错误B：正确正确答案：B4：<div>英译汉试题：The better you can use a computer， the morelikely you are to find a job as asecretary.</div><div> </div><div>参考答案：你使用电脑越熟练，你找到担任秘书工作的可能性就越大。
</div>A：错误B：正确正确答案：B5：<div>英译汉试题：The little boy found it hard to fit into his newschool.</div><div> </div><div>参考答案：那个小男孩发觉自己很难适应新学校的环境。
练习题第1套参考答案I. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. F 8.T 9.F 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TII. a. [m] b. [w] c. [l] d. [b] e. [I]III.(ommited)IV. a. A bluebird refers to a kind of bird. A blue bird means a bird whose feathers are blue.b. A lighthouse keeper refers a keeper who keeps lighthouse. A light housekeeper means a housekeeper who is light. V. The relation between bank1 and bank2 is homonymy.VI. a. tautology b. contradiction c. inconsistency d. synonymy e. entailmentVII. 1. The term variety is the label given to the form of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field. A variety is characterized by the basic lexicon, phonology, syntax shared by members of the group. Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional(geographical) dialects, sociolects(social dialects) and registers (functional varieties).The standard variety is the form of a language used by the government and communication media, taught in schools and universities and is the main or only written form. A regional dialect is a variety of a language spoken by people living in an area. Sociolects are forms of a language that characterize the speech of different social classes. Register is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varieties according to use”, in contrast with regional dialects and sociolects, both of which are “varieties according to user.”2. The maxim of quantity:(i) Make your contribution as informative as is required for the current purpose of exchange.(ii) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.The maxim of quality:Try to make your contribution one that is true.(i) Do not say what you believe to be false.(ii) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.The maxim of relevance:Make your contributions relevant.The maxim of manner:(i) Avoid obscurity of expression.(ii) Avoid ambiguity.(iii) Be brief.(iv) Be orderly.3． Target domain and source domain are the components of metaphors. The trans ference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to as mapping.I. 1. descriptive 2. places, voicing 3. Allophones 4.morpheme 5. signifier, signified 6. structure 7. diphthongs 8. accidental 9. Meaning, sounds 10. metalanguage 11. interpersonal, textualI.voiced 2. fricative 3. labial 4. alveolar 5. high, vowelII.1.This is a dress for beautiful girls.This is a beautiful dress for girls.2.Tom hates his boss and I hate his boss too.Tom hates his boss and I hate my boss too.III.a) The Whit House is a proper noun, which is the estate of the American government. A white house refers to a house which is painted white.b) A redcoat refers to a British soldier who is in red coat. A red coat means a coat whose color is red.IV.(ommited)V.1. Ideational function --- we use language to talk about our experience of the world, including our inner world, to describe events, states and the entities involved (language serves as a cording system which deals with the relation between man and nature);·Interpersonal function --- we use language to interact with others, to establish and maintain relations with them, to please them, to anger them, and influence their behavior, to get their help or sympathy (language servers as a medium between individuals);·Textual function --- language as a system organizes messages in a unified manner so that chunks of messages fit logically with others around them and with the wider context in which the talking or writing takes place (when language is in use, playing the above two functions, it naturally forms a text).2. Metaphors have three main features: systematicity, creation of similarities, and imaginative rationality. Metaphors are systematic precisely because they are conceptual in nature. Metaphor can create similarities between the two domains involved. This runs counter to the traditional view which holds that similarities are inherent in the entities themselves. But cognitive linguists hold that the similarities relevant to metaphors are experiential rather than objective. Metaphors are characterized by imaginative rationality. They unite reasoning and imagination. Metaphors as a form of reasoning by analogy involve categorization, entailment and inference. By metaphors we understand one kind of thing in terms of another kind of thing.1.Homonymy Homonyms are words which have the same form, but different meanings. Words which have the samespelling but different meanings are called homographs, such as bow (v.) and bow (n., a weapon). Words which have the same pronunciation but different meanings are called homophones. Flour/flower, pale/pail, whole/hole are all homophones. Words which have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings are full homonyms, as exemplified by bear (v.)/bear (an animal), ground (n.)/ground(v.).Polysemy Homonyms are listed as separate entries in a dictionary, because lexicographers see them as unrelated in sense. A polyseme is a word which has several related senses. In many dictionaries you can find bank1 and bank2 as separate entries. The relation between the two is homonymy. Both of them are polysemes, because each of them has several definitions. Lexicographers make the distinction between homonyms and polysemes based on the intuition of native speakers as well as the etymology or history of words.练习题第3套参考答案I.1—5 T F F T F 6—10 TF T F F 11—15 T F T T FII.I.[f] voiceless labiodental fricativeII.[r] alveolar retroflex liquidIII.[a:] low back vowelIV.[k] voiceless velar stopV.[i] lax high front vowelIII.i) a) one b) three c) two d) four e) sevenii)b)c)disgracefuld)stepsistere)f)antidisestablishmentarianismII.(参见课件或教材)III.1. A wants to stop B from smoking there.2. Pre-requestVI. 1. Metaphor is the mapping from the source domain to the target domain. The domain to be conceptualized is called target domain, while the conceptualizing domain is termed the source domain. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as mapping. For example, neck is a part of human body, while the neck in the compound bottleneck is metaphorically used. The properties of human neck (source domain) have been transferred to the neck of the bottle (target domain).2. linguistic competence accounts for a speaker's knowledge of his language. accounts for both the tacit knowledge of language and the ability to use it. According to Hymes (1972), there are four parameters that underlie a speaker's communicative competence, namely the ability to judge:1. Whether (and to what degree) something is formally possible;2. Whether (and to what degree) something is feasible;3. Whether (and to what degree) something is appropriate;4. Whether (and to what degree) something is in fact done.3. Referential meaning (sometimes called denotative meaning) is widely believed to be the central meaning of words. It is comparatively more stable and universal. The word woman refers to female human adult. This kind of meaning of the word has not changed and will not change. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning. In contrast to referential meaning, they are less stable and more culture-specific. For example, although the referential meaning of the word king has not changed in English, English people today have different conceptions of the king than before. The English word pig may have the same referent as its equivalent in a language of Islamic culture. Yet, the associative meanings are totally different.I. 1. tone 2. lexicon 3. suppletives 4. Semantics 5. Synomyms 6. Meaning, sounds7. metalanguage 8. interpersonal, textual 9. descriptive 10. places, voicing 11. Allophones 12.morphemeII. a). voiced b). fricative c). bilabial d). velar e). high; vowelIII. 1) a greenhouse, the stress is on green; a green house, the stress is on house.Greenhouse is a compound word; green house is a noun phrase.A greenhouse refers to a building with sides and roof of glass, used for growing plants that needprotection from the weather, while a green house refers to a house whose color is green.2) a sleeping car, the stress is on sleeping; a sleeping boy, the stress is on boy.A sleeping car means a car in which one can sleep. A sleeping boy means a boy who is sleeping.IV. a. Allophones are actual realizations of a phoneme in different phonetic contexts. For example, the [l], the dark [] in deal, and the voiceless [] in slight are the realizations of the phoneme /l/. [] appears after vowels, [] after voiceless consonants, and [l] elsewhere. The relation between the phoneme and its allophones can be shown in the following figure:b. The term variety is the label given to the form of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field. A variety is characterized by the basic lexicon, phonology, syntax shared by members of the group. Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional (geographical) dialects, sociolects (social dialects) and registers (functional varieties).V (ommited)VI 1. A mild criticism of someone who should have cleaned the room.2. A request to someone to tidy up the circumstances.VII. 1. 1. Reference is the relation by which a word picks out or identifies an entity in the world. London refers to or denotes the capital of Great Britain. The word dog denotes a kind of domestic animal. The referential theory, the simplest theory of meaning, claims that meaning is reference. Words stand not only in relation to the world but also to human mind. So in addition to reference, there is another dimension of word meaning called sense. For example, when you hear the expression dog, you will naturally reflect on its features in addition to the kind of animal as the referent of the expression. Sense is mental representation, the association with something in the speaker/hearer's mind. Words like dragon, but, of and phrases like a round triangle have sense, but no referent. Words like dog, horse, car and gun have both referent and sense.2. ·Ideational function --- we use language to talk about our experience of the world, including our inner world, to describe events, states and the entities involved (language serves as a cording system which deals with the relation between man and nature);·Interpersonal function --- we use language to interact with others, to establish and maintain relations with them, to please them, to anger them, and influence their behavior, to get their help or sympathy (language servers as a medium between individuals);·Textual function --- language as a system organizes messages in a unified manner so that chunks of messages fit logically with others around them and with the wider context in which the talking or writing takes place (when language is in use, playing the above two functions, it naturally forms a text).。
研究生课程进修班试卷封面姓名：单位：河南省周口市许湾中学专业：英语考试科目：英语学习理论考试分数：2013年 3 月 4 日东北师范大学研究生课程进修班考试试卷评分表英语学习理论考试卷ⅠMultiple Choice (30%)Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.1.___A___2.____C__3.__B____4._D_____5._A_____6.__C____7.__B____8._A_____9.___D___ 10.___B___ 11._B_____ 12.__B____ 13._B_____ 14.__C____ 15.__C____1. Which of the following can be considered output of language?A. writingB. readingC. listeningD. understanding2. Acquisition generally meansA. the learning of a foreign language.B. the learning of rules consciously.C. a subconscious process of picking up language.D. a conscious process of picking up language.3. “His first language was Chinese.” What meaning does the statement convey?A. His first language is still Chinese now.B. He doesn’t use Chinese as the first language now.C. Chinese is a foreign language now.D. Chinese is his second language.4. Bilingualism meansA. the mother tongue is stronger than the second language.B. one language is stronger than the other.C. the speaker has two mother tongues in contradiction.D. the speaker speaks two languages proficiently.5. The literature on learning strategies in second language acquisition emerged fromA. a concern for identifying the characteristics of effective learners.B. a concern for identifying the characteristics of weak learners.C. a concern for identifying learner errors.D. a concern for identifying learner mistakes.6. The focus of Behavioristic view of learning isA. the cognitive theoryB. the functionalist theoryC. stimulus-response theoryD. the structuralist theory7. Early representatives carrying on research on learning s trategies do NOT includeA. RubinB. ChomskyC. NaimanD. Wong Fillmore8. Reflective learners tend to be more ________ about the ________ of theirperformance and more capable of sustained attention.A. concerned … quantityB. unaware … qualityC. doubtful … quantityD. anxious … quality9. What areas of SLA have been generally investigated?A. characteristics of learner languageB. learner external and internal mechanismsC. the language learnerD. all of the above10. Language transfer is generally understood as:A. impediments to second language acquisition.B. differences between the two languages in contact that interfere with learningC. patterns of the first language that are similar to the language being acquiredD. evidence that various aspects of the first language would be carried over to the L211. Errors reflectA. pressure and fatigueB. gaps in a learner’s knowledgeC. occasional lapses in performanceD. positive L1 transfer12. Metacognitive strategies involveA. direct manipulation of the learning materials.B. thinking about the learning process and monitoring of comprehension.C. note-taking.D. repetation.13. Tolerance of ambiguity concerns the degree to whichA. learners are cognitively unwilling to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contraryto their own belief system or structure of language.B. learners are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that are contrary totheir own belief system or structure of language.C. learners are willing to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.D. learners are unwilling to accept ideas and propositions that are consistent with theirown belief system or structure of language.14. Denotation refers toA. the implicated meaning of a word.B. the associations or social values suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.C. the reference of a word to an object, action, or event in the physical world.D. attitudes and emotions of a language user in choosing a word15. “C hinese was my first language, but it is now rather rusty.” What does the statementimply?A. Chinese is stronger now.B. Chinese is still my first lanuage.C. Chinese is not the stronger language now.D. Chinese is later acquired.ⅡTrue or False Statements (20%)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for Trueand F for False.1. _T____2. __T___3. _F____4. _F____5. __F___6. __T__7. _F____8. __F___9. __F___ 10. __T___-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.Mistakes are occasional lapses in performance.2.Function planning refers to paying attention to specific aspects of a task.3.Field-independent learners tend to look at the whole of a learning task which contains manyitems.4.An impulsive learner is a person who tends to weigh all the considerations of the problem,work out all the loopholes, then makes more calculated decision.5.Metacognitive strategies are techniques about learning rather than learning strategiesthemselves.6.Age, intelligence and personality are all factors affecting language learning strategies.7.Syntactic knowledge and morphological knowledge are schematic know- ledge.8.Scanning is used to get a global impression of the content of a text.9.People with low tolerance of ambiguity can usually become successful language learners.10.Contextualization means placing a word or phrase in a meaningful language sequence.ⅢCloze (20%)Fill in the blanks with suitable words.1.Singular-plural2.form3._choice_4.tense5._Omit_6.Add_7._ order8.Incomplete9.Spelling10._Punctuation11.Capitalization 12.Article13._ Meaning 14.Run-on_15._absence_16.well-formed17._presence18._Misformations19.wrong_20._placement(2) Surface strategy taxonomy of errorsⅣTerms (20%)Explain the following terms. You may use examples where necessary.Language Learning StrategiesLanguage Learning Strategies are the conscious thoughts and behaviors used by learners with the explicit goal of improving their knowledge and understanding of a target language. They include strategies for identifying the material that needs to be learned, distinguishing it from other material if need be, grouping it for easier learning, having repeated contact with the material, and formally committing the material to memory when it does not seem to be acquired naturally. That is, they are cognitive strategies for memorizing and manipulating target language structures, metacognitive strategies for gauging their emotional reactions to learning and lower anxieties, and social strategies for enhancing learning.Tolerance of ambiguityTolerance of ambiguity allows a person to reconcile and accommodate ideas that may be contradictory or information that may be inconsistent. A person who is Tolerance of ambiguity does not see everything in terms of black and white and does not put information in airtight compartments. Such a person is willing to accept the fact that there are many shades of gray and that uncertainty and inconsistency must be accommodated. Tolerance of ambiguity has been noted as an asset in learning a foreign language because there are so many inconsistencies in language rules that even native speakers cannot always agree on correct usage and linguists cannot explain certain language phenomena. Also, whether a turn of speech is right or wrong may depend on the situation rather than on an ironclad rule.Denotation vs. ConnotationBoth denotation and connotation refer to the meanings of words. Denotation is the literal meaning of a word —what you find in a dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the implied meaning of a word — what a word suggests to you, or what it makes you feel or think of. For the word “die”, for example, the denotation is “stop living”. But in the se ntence “Some die at 30 but are not buried until they’re 70”, the word “die” connotes “stop living spiritually” or “stop growing intellectually”.Acquisition vs. LearningThe term 'acquisition' is used to refer to picking up a second language through expos ure, whereas the term 'learning' is used to refer to the conscious study of a second language. However, I shall use 'acquisition' and 'learning' interchangeably, irrespective of whether conscious or subconscious processes are involved.To summarize, the term 'second language acquisition' refers to the subconscious or conscious processes by which a language other than the mother tongue is learned in a natural or a tutored setting. It covers the development of phonology, lexis, grammar, and pragmatic knowledge, but has been largely confined to morphosyntax. The process manifests both variable and invariable features. The study of SLA is directed at accounting for the learner's competence, but in order to do so has set out to investigate empirically how a learner performs when he or she uses a second language.ⅤQuestion (10%)Answer the following question in your own words.What is a “think aloud” and how is it used in strategy modeling? Supply examples from your own experiences.It asks students to say out loud what they are thinking about when reading, solving math problems, or simply responding to questions posed by teachers or other students. Effective teachers think out loud on a regular basis to model this process for students. In this way, they demonstrate practical ways of approaching difficult problems while bringing to the surface the complex thinking processes that underlie reading comprehension, mathematical problem solving, and other cognitively demanding tasks.Thinking out loud is an excellent way to teach how to estimate the number of pe ople in a crowd, revise a paper for a specific audience, predict the outcome of a scientific experiment, use a key to decipher a map, access prior knowledge before reading a new passage, monitor comprehension while reading a difficult textbook, and so on.e.g. I’ll ask my students to read a passage of text. I’ll introduce the task to students by saying, "I want you to think aloud as you complete the task: say everything that is going on in your mind." As students complete the task, listen carefully and write down what students say. It may be helpful to use a tape recorder. If students forget to think aloud, ask open-ended questions: "What are you thinking now?" and "Why do you think that?"After the think-alouds, informally interview students to clarify any confusion that might have arisen during the think-aloud. For example, "When you were thinking aloud, you said . . . Can you explain what you meant?"Lastly, use a rubric as an aid to analyze each student's think-aloud, and use the results to shape instruction.I think that getting students into the habit of thinking out loud enriches classroom discourse and gives teachers an important assessment and diagnostic tool.。
81559--东北师范大学英语精读（一）（高起专）期末备考题库81559奥鹏期末考试题库合集单选题：（1）I might fail, but()I insist on doing it. I don’t mind it.A.howeverB.meanwhileC.yetD.anyhow正确答案：D（2）—How is your plan getting along?—I can’t carry on ()any longer. I have to get help.A.singlyB.simplyC.aloneD.lonely正确答案：C（3）After the flood, the villagers are trying their best to get things back to ().ualB.ordinaryC.normalmon正确答案：C（4）Will you() me a favor, please?A.giveB.makeC.doD.doing正确答案：C（5）—What a hot day!—We()such hot weather for almost ten days.A.have been havingB.have hadC.are havingD.had had正确答案：B（6）Why not take my car to the museum instead of walking? No, thanks.().A.I’m able toB.I’m used toC.I’m going toD.I’ve got to正确答案：B（7）() and I’ll get the work finished.A.Have one more hourB.One more hourC.Given one more hourD.I have one more hour正确答案：B（8）My grandma still treats me like a child. She can’t imagine() grown up.A.myB.mineC.myselfD.me正确答案：D（9）Unluckily, when I dropped in, Dr. Smith(), so we only had time for a few words.A.just leftB.was just leavingC.has just leftD.had just left正确答案：B（10）—Can I help you?—I’d like to buy a present for my mother’s birthday,()at a proper price but of great use.A.one。
东北师范大学网络教育专升本入学测试英语模拟试题东北师范大学入学测试机考专升本英语（二）模拟题1、One of my teeth is so ______ that it is going to be missing soonA．loseB．looseC．lossD．lost标准答案：B2、—How about taking a walk?—Oh, I think it’s ______ cold for a walkA．very muchB．too muchC．much tooD．so much标准答案：C3、You are supposed to write your composition every ______ line.A．oneB．aC．otherD．another标准答案：C4、After living for years in a big city, they found it difficult to settle ______ in a town.A．forB．atC．upD．down标准答案：D5、The reason for my absence was ______ I had fallen ill. A．whyB．becauseC．forD．that标准答案：D6、This is the university ______.A．at which do we studyB．we are studyingC．we are studying atD．where we study at标准答案：A7、It was in this house ______ the important meeting in history was held.A．whereB．thatC．whichD．in which标准答案：B8、She looked so honest that we all regarded her story ______. A．like trueB．as trueC．like realD．as real标准答案：B9、Mrs. Brown as well as her children ______ to go Paris on holiday next week.A．isB．areC．willD．will be标准答案：A10、He is training hard, hoping to ______ a new world record. A．set offB．set asideC．set upD．set out标准答案：C11、___in the arguments about the morality of artificially reproducing life is the fact that，at present, cloning is a very inefficient procedure.A．OverlookedB．OverlookingC．Having overlookedD．Having been overlooked标准答案：B12、We’ll___ what our country expects of us.A．keep up withB．put up withC．stand up toD．live up to标准答案：D13、The writer has listed why cloning is not feasible to be ___on humans.A．amendedB．adoptedC．adjustedD．adapted标准答案：B14、He was a charming and ___host whose house was an___rendezvous( 集合的) of the great. A．accomplished, acceptedB．accomplishing, acceptingC．accomplishing, acceptedD．accomplished, accepting标准答案：A15、I think the chief thing that ___ me about Mr. Bush was his kindness and humor.A．hitB．struckC．beatD．knocked标准答案：B16、Mrs. Clinton was always neatly and quietly dressed ___ her age and status.A．in regard toB．in accordance withC．in reference toD．in comparison with标准答案：B17、We discussed only such problems ___ concerned everyone of us.A．thatB．whatC．asD．whether标准答案：A18、After the ___of 17 British passengers, Mr. Blair continued to express his concern over the safety of the other passengers still on board the hijacked airliner.A．relayB．releaseC．conveyD．transfer标准答案：B19、The “quality” newspapers are often held ___ as an example of impartial journalism.A．backB．inC．upD．onto标准答案：C20、At the age of 14, he went to his uncles farm, where he had lessons on botany ___ .A．self-taughtB．self-teachingC．being self-taughtD．having self-taught标准答案：B21、He cant drive a car. Let ___fly an aero-plane.A．solitaryB．lonelyC．aloneD．loneliness标准答案：C22、The boy said to his mother in an ___ voice that she shouldnt have blamed him.A．injuryB．injuriousC．injuredD．injuring标准答案：D23、___how the splendid Maya Culture disappeared all of a sudden from the earth, it remains a mystery hard to solve.A．In turnB．As toC．Thanks toD．As a rule标准答案：B24、In the era of market economy, the concept of “Consumer First” shou ld be ___by manufacturers.A．rejectedB．reformedC．relivedD．reinforced标准答案：D25、Hes widely known more ___a poet than ___a novelist.A．for,toB．for,asC．as,forD．as,as标准答案：D26、The football match was held over until further notice ___the continual rain.A．on account ofB．thanks toC．but forD．as for标准答案：B27、The rain was heavy and ___the land was flooded. A．consistentlyB．consequentlyC．constantlyD．continuously标准答案：B28、Another issue ___the new republic is the problem of the education of its citizens.A．confiningB．confirmingC．confrontingD．contributing标准答案：C29、A window in the kitchen room was ___; there was rubbish everywhere and the clock had been stolen.A．scatteredB．smashedC．scratchedD．scraped标准答案：B30、Knowing that her son was suffering from a ___ disease, the mother cried her eyes out.A．deadlyB．dyingC．dead-likeD．deathly标准答案：A31、Some people consider it unwise to ___themselves in a quarrel between husband and wife.A．participateB．involveD．associate标准答案：B32、I have just come here to see if I can be___ to you. A．helpB．of helpC．with helpD．for help标准答案：B33、Imagine ___with someone who never stops ___practical jokes on you.A．to live, to playB．to live, playingC．living, to playD．living, playing标准答案：B34、The Old Man and the Sea and many other novels ___ Ernest Hemingway the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. A．earnedB．gainedC．awarded标准答案：A35、Those who had moved to America under the ___that America was paved with gold everywhere started to regret their decision. A．illusionB．intentionC．impressionD．concept标准答案：A36、___change your mind，please give us a call.A．Were you toB．Would youC．Could youD．Might you标准答案：A37、When ___, he denied ___ anything illegal. A．questioned, doingB．being questioned, doingC．questioning, doingD．questioning, having done标准答案：B38、See you later. Jenny. Im glad ___ with you for six months. A．to workB．to be workingC．to have workedD．to having been working标准答案：C39、The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair___________in the breeze.A．flowedB．had flowedC．flowingD．was flowing标准答案：A40、___from the European continent, England had been in close contact with the outside world.A．Because cutting offB．While to be cut offC．Although cut itself offD．Even if cut off标准答案：D41、The actors have to ___ before they appear in front of the audience.A．cover upB．paint upC．make upD．do up标准答案：C42、Quite a lot of people watch TV only to ___time.A．passB．killC．wasteD．spend标准答案：A43、John was never particular ___ the food his wife served. A．aboutB．ofC．forD．to标准答案：A44、The designing of a satellite in the heavy environment is ___an easy job.A．by all meansB．by means ofC．by no meansD．by any means标准答案：C45、Edward is the boy ___I think scored the winning point for the basketball team.A．thatB．whatC．whomD．who标准答案：D46、It is often more difficult to find trained men than ___for scientific research.A．getting financial supportB．to get financial supportC．get financial supportD．in getting financial support标准答案：B47、John is a good student, ___his best subject.A．as EnglishB．being EnglishC．English asD．English being标准答案：D48、___great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover.A．VeryB．TooC．SoD．Such标准答案：C49、You ought not to ___him the news that day.A．tellB．be tellingC．have been toldD．have told标准答案：D50、Hot metal ___as it grows cooler.A．contractsB．reducesC．condensesD．decreases51、Do you have a preference ___a particular food? A．withB．atC．forD．in标准答案：C52、By now most freshmen have grown so used to university life that they have forgotten all those___ about the university they originally had.A．concernsB．worryC．dreamsD．ambition标准答案：C53、Many people want to buy it because.___. the price is reasonable; ___ , its rather durable.A．on one side, on the other sideB．for one thing, for anotherC．on the one hand, on the other handD．in one part, in the other part54、The proposal ___we start doing the experiment two days earlier has been agreed upon by all.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．of which标准答案：C55、Spring ___, we may look forward to better weather. A．comesB．has comeC．to be comingD．having come标准答案：C56、The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than___ .A．for ours it hadB．it did for usC．with usD．with ours57、___from the balcony when he saw a policeman approaching him.A．Jumped down the thiefB．Down the thief jumpedC．Down jumped the thiefD．Down did the thief jump标准答案：C58、Can you see a man and his horse ___are crossing the bridge? A．whoB．whichC．thatD．all标准答案：C59、___, I cannot agree with him on the matter.A．Much as I respect himB．More as I respect himC．As I respect him muchD．As I respect him more标准答案：A60、But for your help, we ___the work as scheduled. A．could not finishB．would not have finishedC．would have finishedD．could have finished标准答案：B61、Do you know ___the population of China is?A．how manyB．how muchC．whichD．what标准答案：B62、Advertising is different from other forms of communication ___the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A．in thatB．now thatC．see thatD．whereas标准答案：A63、I know nothing about his journey ___ he is likely to be awayfor six months.A．exceptB．unlessC．except thatD．apart from标准答案：C64、___editor and ___publisher of this magazine is a learned man from Britain.A．An, aB．The, aC．The, theD．The, /标准答案：D65、Many a white-collar worker___to return to the easy days of university or college.A．wishesB．wishC．have wishedD．wishing标准答案：A66、Would you like him to paint it blue?Id rather he ___it green. A．paintsC．paintD．is painting标准答案：C67、James dressed himself up as a plumber before leaving the house lest he ___.A．was recognizedB．could be recognizedC．should be recognizedD．was being recognized标准答案：C68、He struck the girl in the face and she fell to the ground ___. A．dieB．deathC．deadD．deadly标准答案：C69、I think it quite essential that your child ___ a foreign language at school.A．must learnB．learnsC．learned标准答案：D70、She woke up from the nightmare ___ .A．with startB．with a startC．startingD．started标准答案：B71、Is there any___in your company?A．vacancyB．desertionC．emptinessD．hollow标准答案：A72、The old man ___the boy on his knees.A．seatedB．was seatedC．satD．was sat标准答案：A73、Voices of argument were ___as the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A．increasedB．risenC．swollenD．raised标准答案：D74、Dont take him for a friend; hes ___a bully. A．everything toB．nothing butC．anything likeD．something of标准答案：D75、She was exhausted and in no___for dancing. A．emotionB．temperC．moodD．feeling标准答案：C76、During foggy weather trains are late ___ . A．and so forthB．more often than notC．or somethingD．as a matter of fact标准答案：B77、The paint is still wet___.A．Dont he sure to touch it.B．Not be sure to touch it.C．Be not sure to touch it.D．Be sure not to touch it.标准答案：D78、Who will be in charge of your team?Well elect ___ . A．Henry as captainB．Henry captainC．captain HenryD．as captain Henry标准答案：A79、The speaker doesnt know how to ___himself across. A．makeB．runC．takeD．put标准答案：D80、Its high time you ___us the truth.A．tellB．have toldC．toldD．had told标准答案：C81、If I___to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. A．should beB．should be goingC．wasD．were标准答案：D82、I would not be home tonight___ you not___me a lift in your car.A．if, giveB．if had, givenC．had, givenD．have, given标准答案：C83、We___it without your help.A．couldnt have doneB．couldnt doC．could have doneD．could havent done标准答案：A84、___in the crash, he wont participate in the race. A．His broken legB．His leg is brokenC．His leg having been brokenD．His leg being broken标准答案：C85、So fast ___that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A．light travelsB．travels lightC．does light travelD．has light traveled标准答案：C86、Is this film moving?Yes, it is___.A．Rarely have I seen this before.B．Rarely before have I seen this.C．Rarely have I seen before this. D．Rarely I have seen this before.标准答案：A87、I suppose she is not serious,___ ?A．do IB．dont IC．isnt sheD．is she标准答案：C88、I can only do it for you ___Im paid in advance. A．just asB．in thatC．now thatD．on condition that标准答案：D89、Whatever is worth ___ at all is worth ___well. A．doing, being doneB．doing, doingC．being done, doingD．being done, being done标准答案：A90、Youll see to it ___everything is ready in time.A．whatB．thatC．whetherD．how标准答案：B91、How well educated a person is ___a strong influence on his career.A．hasB．haveC．to haveD．having标准答案：A92、What he wrote made no ___to me.A．meaningB．ideaC．senseD．story标准答案：C93、I bought this antique vase at a quite ___price.A．cheapB．reasonableC．expensiveD．small标准答案：B94、___change your mind, please give me a call.A．Might youB．Were youC．Should youD．Would you标准答案：C95、Hardly had they arrived at the airport ___the plane started to leave.A．thanB．thenC．untilD．when标准答案：C96、This project must be completed ___as scheduled.A．in vainB．at mostC．in advancedD．by all means标准答案：C97、___the people in the workshop, Tonny is the most skilled. A．Of allB．To allC．In allD．From all标准答案：A98、Jane cannot drive us downtown, for she has ___to take us all. A．very small a carB．too small a carC．so a small carD．such small a car标准答案：B99、When questioned, he ___doing anything illegal. A．refusedB．objectedC．deniedD．opposed标准答案：C100、The car___on the way to the station, and we had to get a taxi. A．broke downB．breaking down C．broken down D．was broken down标准答案：C。
东北师范大学学科英语
东北师范大学是中国教育部直属重点大学，位于中国辽宁省沈阳市，学科英语是东北师范大学今年新开设的一门课程，旨在帮助学生提升综合英语能力，掌握新的英语学习技巧，以更准确地表达自己的思想和丰富的内容。
学科英语是一门重点课程，主要讲授四个方面的内容：语法、句法、词汇和语音。
基础部分要求学生有一定的语法基础，在复习和学习这一课程时，必须要有正确的句法，语音知识，以及准确的词汇，进行高效的表达。
这门课的重点是让学生们熟悉常见的文字构造，熟悉学科背景和文章构筑，以及提升英语阅读理解和写作能力。
课程的实践活动也是学科英语的重要组成部分，可以帮助学生对所学内容有更加深入的理解。
这些实践活动可以是由学生自由安排的，也可以是由课程确定的，如研究团队和课程作业。
研究团队可以帮助学生更好地理解和分析学习内容，更好地深入了解学科内容，提升英语阅读理解能力。
另外，还有一些文学作品、电影、剧本分析等，可以帮助学生深刻体会英文文学的细微之处，并学习地道的英语表达。
另外，语法练习是学科英语课程必不可少的一部分，可以帮助学生熟悉英语语法结构，以便更好地掌握语言。
语法练习也有助于提高学生的语法语言能力，让他们能够准确无误地表达自己的意思。
学科英语课程主要针对大学学生，帮助他们提高英语口头和书面表达的能力，更好地掌握学科知识，提升学术水平，以及全面提高综合英语能力。
另外，还会为学生提供一些在线学习资源，以便他们有
效地掌握英语学习的知识。
总的来说，东北师范大学的学科英语课程给学生们带来了很多新的机会，帮助他们更加深入地掌握英语，增强他们的语言能力，进一步提高他们的学术水平。
学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：英语专业基础考试时间：2006年1月15日下午Part One: Linguistics (50 points)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.Write T for true and F for false. (5 points)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement isthe most important.2. [F] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which arenamed contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5 points)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10 points)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10 points)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20 points)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss thecontributions linguistics makes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60 points)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20 points)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significanceof Transcendentalism in American literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20 points)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principlesthe poem has illustrated and how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd:Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabindoors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms.These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number ofchildren in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the authorreferring to in the first sentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15 points)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your correctedparts in your answer sheet. (6 points)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges whois elected to administer the law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two statesof Maryland and Virginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has beenextensively adopted in the British Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in thesame place in the United States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne inorder to keep back the Welsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3 points)III. Analyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3 points)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet. (3 points)Part Four: Translation (25 points)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10 points)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
东北师范大学附属实验学校高中部2005-2006学年下学期高二英语科期末试题2006-7出题人罗健敏审题人乔阔本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分；满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（四部分，共105分）第一部分：听力部分（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出唯一最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。
听完对话后你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the most probable result of the conversation?A.The man got his telephone repaired.B.The man got nothing.C.The man got a new telephone.2.What is the relationship between the two speakers?A.A new comer and her boss.B. A visitor and the host.C.New friends.3.What is the man interested in?A.A dress.B. A watch.C. A pair of sports shoes.4.Which man is the thief?A.A middle-aged man, with short brown hair.B. A middle-aged man, with long black hair.C. A middle-aged man, with long brown hair.5.Where are they most probably working?A.At the post office.B.At a newspaper office.C.At a supermarket.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或对白。
2006年东北师范大学英语实践基础试题学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、课程与教学论考试科目：英语实践基础考试时间：2006年1月15日上午Declaration:Icywarmtea is in no way in affiliation with Northeast Normal University. The copyright of this note goes to NENU. Any copy of the work must be authorized. No commercial use of thisnote is allowed. If you don’t have the original version of this paper, you must delete it within24 hours after it is downloaded.Part I VocabularyI.Choose from a, b, c or d, which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word or phrase and writeyour choices in your answer sheet. (20 points)1.The girl’s early home was a goat-hair tent pitched now in the sands, now beside some oasis in the showdownof the palms.a. threwb. aimed atc. loadedd. set up2.The rule states that if a boxer is knocked down, he must stay down for a mandatory eight seconds.a. longb. delayedc. obligatoryd. crucial3.How ludicrous to think that Mary would ever consent to be his bride.a. excessiveb. logicalc. fanaticald. ridiculous4.Agatha thwarted her sister’s every effort to sell the old house.a. assistedb. blockedc. reportedd. hoped5.The team’s morale was at its lowest point of the season.a. ability to readb. spiritc. talentd. lesson6.The dogs in Apartment 8E should ferocious.a. gentleb. funnyc. meand. stupid7.He reciprocated by sending the general a silver tray.a. receivedb. gavec. respondedd. opened8.Our itinerary took us through Philadelphia and Baltimore.a. tour guideb. road mapc. routed. ideas9.She rescinded her offer to take pictures at the graduation dance.a. reinforcedb. renewedc. fired upd. withdrew10.And that was his last recollection of his descent – inverted in space, the stars below his flying boots, and a第 1 页共11 页。
大学英语（统考）在线练习题1(客观题)1：<fontface="Arial">We find that bright children are rarely heldback by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary， boththeir knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are manydisadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班）pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children developat different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and thenot-so-bright child. After all，it can be quitediscouraging to be at the bottom of the topgrade!<br/> Besides， it israther unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to developthe abilities of all our pupils to the full， not justtheir academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills， and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all theseaspects of learning. <br /> In ourclassrooms， we work in various ways. The pupils oftenwork in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate， to share， and to develop leadership skills.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how tothink， to make decisions， toanalyze and evaluate， and to communicate effectively.The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.<br/> Sometimes the pupils work inpairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments， and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formalclass teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use thelibrary， and weteach them the skills they need inorder to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it doesnot matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best， not their least， and we give them everyencouragement to attain this goal.</font>A：critical B：questioning C：<fontface="Arial">approving</font>D：objective正确答案：C2：<fontface="Arial">For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatestdramatist (剧作家). Only one name can possibly suggestitself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge， however slight， of the work of our greatestwriter. All of us use words， phrases and quotationsfrom Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the commonproperty of the English-speaking people. Most of the time we are probablyunaware of the source of the words we used， rather likethe old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained thatit was full of well-known proverbs and quotations. <br/> Shakespeare， more perhapsthan any other writer， makes full use of the greatresources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words inour normal use of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-fivethousand. <br /> There is probably nobetter way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of theEnglish language than by studying the various ways in whichShakespeare usedit. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not，of course， recommended to beginners) even though someaspects of English usage， and the meaning of many words， have changed since Shakespeare’s day.<br/></font>A：<fontface="Arial">have never discussed who istheworld’s greatest dramatist</font>B：never discuss any issue concerningthe world’s greatest dramatist<br />C：are sure who is theworld’s greatest dramatist<br />D：do not care who is theworld’s greatest poet and dramatist正确答案：C3：<fontface="Arial">A dream is one kind of experience. It seemsas real as something that actually happens; in it the dreamer takes actions andreacts. During dreams the body is asleep but the thinking part of the brain iswide awake. In fact， it is more active than itsometimes is when the body is awake. <br />One group of researchersdecided to see what would happen if they stopped people from dreaming. As soonas the electroencephalograph (脑电图仪) registered a dreampattern，researchers woke the dreamer. They did thisall night for several nights，every time the personstarted to dream. <br />The experiment revealed that people who wereunable to dream became nervous， easily upset， and hungrier. As soon as they were able to sleep withoutinterruptions they lost their nervousness and became normal again; however， they then had more dreams than usual. It was as if they werecatching up on their dreams.<br />To check these findings， the researchers carried on acontrol experiment. Again they wokepeople during the night， but during non-dreaming periods.These people did not change their daytime behavior. And when they were allowedto sleep without interruptions (打断)， the number of their dreams did not increase.<br />Experimentslike these have caused scientists to ask if dreams serve a purpose. Researchersknow，for example， that somepeople who go for days without sleep will suffer from hallucinations (幻觉). Certain people even begin to show signs of mental illness. Someresearchers believe that people become this way because they cannot have theirusual numbers of dreams. According to this theory dreaming helps people to leadnormal lives.</font>A：<fontface="Arial">people’s need for dreams</font> B：the damage dreams do topeople’s healthC：dreams and realitiesD：the relationship between dreams anddiseases正确答案：A4：<fontface="Arial">We can see how the product life cycle worksby looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced， most people did not like it as well as“regular” coffee， and it tookseveral years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point， though， instant coffee grew rapidly inpopularity， and many brands were introduced (stage ofrapid growth). After a while， people became attached toone brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slightdecline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced(stage of decline). <br/> The importanceof the product life cycle tomarketers is this: Different stages in the productlife cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life sothat sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called marketmodification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and marketsections. Did you know， for example， that the backpacks that so many students carry today wereoriginally designed for the military?<br/> Market modification also means searchingfor increased usage among present customers or going for a different market，such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product toappeal to new market sections. <br /> Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involveschanging product quality， features， or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way torecapture world markets. Note， also， how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from yearto year to keep demand from falling. <br /></font>A：<fontface="Arial"> decreasegradually   ;</font>B：become unstable <br />C：improveenormously D： remain at the same level正确答案：D5：<font face="Arial"> Itis no use ______ with him about it.</font>A：toargue B：arguingC： argue D：to arguing正确答案：B6：<fontface="Arial">—I’m looking for a shirtfor my father.<br />—_____________</font>A：<fontface="Arial">What size do you wear?</font>B：<fontface="Arial">What can I do for you?</font>C：<fontface="Arial">How about this one? </font>D：<fontface="Arial">What size does your father wear?</font> 正确答案：D7：<fontface="Arial">In middle school， Ibecame more ________ with my appearance.</font>A：concernB：concerningC：concerned D：concerns正确答案：C8：<fontface="Arial">—How was your finalexam?<br/>—_____________</font>A：<fontface="Arial">Take it easy.</font>B：<fontface="Arial">You are right</font>C：<fontface="Arial">I am not sure. </font>D：<fontface="Arial"> Let’s have adrink.</font>正确答案：C9：<fontface="Arial">This dictionary will prove ________ to you inyour English study.</font>A：be of some useB：being of some useC：to be of some useD：of some use正确答案：C10：<fontface="Arial">Mr. Johnson keeps fit by eating less fat andsugar and ______ more exercise.</font>A：<fontface="Arial">takes</font>B：<fontface="Arial">take </font>C：<fontface="Arial">to take </font>D：taking正确答案：D11：<fontface="Arial">—We’d like two cokes，please.<br />—_____________</font>A：<fontface="Arial">Small， medium orlarge?</font>B：<fontface="Arial">You must pay first.</font>C：<fontface="Arial">Thank you. </font>D：<font face="Arial"> Youare welcome.</font>正确答案：A12：<fontface="Arial">________ Christmas Eve， it is said that Father Christmas brings presents but only to goodchildren. </font> A：on B：at C：over D：in正确答案：A13：<font face="Arial">—Hello， is that police station?<br/>—_____________</font>A：<fontface="Arial">No. Why are you calling?</font>B：<fontface="Arial">Yes. Can I help you?</font>C：<fontface="Arial">You are right. </font>D：<fontface="Arial">Yes. What’s yourquestion?</font> 正确答案：B14：<fontface="Arial">That young man has made so much noise that he______ not have been allowed to attend the concert.</font> A：need B：must C：would D：should正确答案：D15：<fontface="Arial">You can take both the record-player _________the radio.</font>A：as wellas B：as wellC：and D：or正确答案：C16：<fontface="Arial">—Are you going on holiday for along time?<br />—_____________</font>A：<fontface="Arial">It was a long time.</font>B：<fontface="Arial">Two weeks ago.</font>C：<fontface="Arial">No. Only a couple of days.</font>D：<font face="Arial">Notlong time ago.</font>正确答案：C17：<fontface="Arial">No one had told Smith about _______ a storyin the book.</font>A：being B：there beingC：there to beD：there to have been正确答案：B18：<fontface="Arial">The teacher warned the students______swimming in the lake.<br /></font>A：not to go B：don’tgo C：not go D：to not go正确答案：A19：<fontface="Arial">Come and see me ______ two or three days ifyou are free then.<br /></font>A：forB：afterC：inD：<p>until</p>正确答案：C20：<fontface="Arial">The Internet has changed the way people work.They can __1__ from place to place while getting in touch __2__ their officeall the time via the Internet. A recent __3__ in the America magazine， Newsweek， said more than 89 millionAmericana now use the Internet at work. One can __4__ imagine how businesscould be done without the Internet. The Internet is becoming more __4__ thanany one had thought possible. And its importance is __5__ to increase more inthefuture.</font>A：<fontface="Arial">travel </font>B：withC：reportD：expected E：important正确答案：A。
学科专业：英语语言文学考试科目：英语专业基础考试时间：2008年1月20日下午说明：所有试题答案均需写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的一律无效。
第一部分：英国文学Part One (30 points)I. Choose one of the four alternatives which you think right. Write the letter that stands for your choice inthe Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Jude the Obscure, The Mayor of Casterbridge and Tess of the D’Urbervilles are all __________.A. Romances and FantasiesB. Novels of Social SatireC. Picaresque novelsD. Novels of Characters and Environment2. __________ invented sonnet sequence.A. ShakespeareB. SidneyC. SpencerD. Marlowe3. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to one of the following poets – __________.A. BlakeB. GrayC. LarkinD. Burns4. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have the following in common except __________.A. they all wrote poems.B. they all belong to the first generation of RomanticismC. they all began as conservatives and ended as radicalsD. they all lived for a time in close association with the Lake District5. __________ are all the writers who were born in Ireland.A. Sheridan, Swift, Joyce, Wilde and ShawB. Swift, Yeats, Shaw, Wilde and T. S. EliotC. Sterne, Joyce, Lawrence, Hardy and SheridanD. Swift, Woolf, Joyce, Sterne and Shaw6. University Wits include all the following playwrights except __________.A. MarloweB. LylyC. ShakespeareD. Green7. David Copperfield, Sons and Lovers and The Mill on the Floss have something in common in that they areall __________.A. novels of psychological realismB. novels of critical realismC. novels of social satireD. autobiographical8. The person who greatly influenced Lawrence’s life and writing is __________.A. his motherB. his wifeC. his fatherD. his German teacher9. The Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad are two famous works by __________.A. Philip SydneyB. John DrydenC. Alexander PopeD. Christopher Marlowe10. Robin Hood is similar to King Arthur in that __________.A. both of them are Welsh menB. both of them are legendary figuresC. both of them are historical figuresD. both of them are half historical and half legendaryII. Define the terms. Write your answers in the Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Sentimentalism2. The Movement PoetsIII. Answer the question briefly. Write your answer in the Answer Sheet. (10 points)What are the features of Hardy’s novels?Part Two (30 points)I. Term explanation. Choose to explain one of the following terms. (5 points)1. Irony2. Dramatic monologueII. Reading comprehension. Read the quoted parts and answer the quotations in English. (10 points)1. “So let us melt, and make no noise,No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,‘Twere prophanation of our joysTo tell the laity our love.A. From which poem is the stanza taken and who is the author of it?B. What does “laity” refer to?2. “At length, in 1812, Mr. Williams made his debut on the stage of Ratcliffe Highway, and executed thoseunparalleled murders which have procured for him such a brilliant and undying reputation. On which murders, by the way, I must observe, that in one respect they have had an ill effect, by making the connoisseur in murder very fastidious in his taste, and dissatisfied by anything that has been since done in that line. All other murders look pale by the deep crimson of his; …… ‘There has been absolutely nothing doing since his time, or nothing that’s worth speaking of.”A. From which work is the paragraph taken and who is the author of the work?B. What is the meaning of the underlined part?III. Quotations and answers. (10 points)1. What does “fog” symbolize in Dickens’s Bleak House?2. What targets does Swift attack in his “A Modest Proposal”?IV. Topics for discussion. (5 points)Write about 150 words on one of the following topics in English.1. Summarize the story of Great Expectations and comment on the theme of the novel.2. Summarize the story of Sense and Sensibility and comment on the theme of the novel.第二部分：美国文学I. Decide whether each of the statements is true or false. (10 points)1. Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms becomes a symbol for an age in that it paints the image of the LostGeneration.2. O’Neill’s fame has remained enduring and one of the reasons for that is that he never stopped to improvehis art in step with the spirit of the times.3. Black Mountain poets got their name because they were teachers in Black Mountain College.4. Edward Taylor was a meditative poet whose poetry, by today’s standard, might be the best in colonialpoetry.5. The essence of T. S. Eliot’s thought lies in the inter-reaction between the past, the present and the future.6. Sandburg was fascinated with “psychological enigmas,” the product of modern life.7. Stevens’ poem “Anecdote of the Jar” discusses the relationship between art and reality.8. The greatest cultural influence over Pound might come from ancient China.9. Maggie: A Girl of the Street is called the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel and “a consciouslynaturalistic manifesto.”10. Poe is a writer whose influence on Chinese literature is insignificant.II. Explain the following terms in your own words. (10 points)1. Harlem Renaissance2. Black HumorIII. Answer the following questions briefly. (10 points)1. Comment on Asian American literature and its development.2. Talk about Hawthorne’s influence on American literature.IV. Read the following passage and do as required. (10 points)And as I (1) sat there brooding on the old unknown world, I thought of Gatsby’s wonder (2) when he first picked out the green light at the end of Dais y’s dock. (3) He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night.Gatsby believed in the green light (4), the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. (5) It eluded usthen, but there’s no matter – tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther…1. Explain the numbered parts in simple English.（注：原编号如此，未经任何改动——icywarmtea）2. Comment on the author’s choice of narrator.第三部分：英语国家概况I. Answer the following questions and write your answers in the answer sheet provided. (20 points)1. What are the contributions of the Norman Conquest? (3 points)2. What is the significance of the American Civil War? (3 points)3. Describe the characteristics of the British economy. (4 points)4. Name three most influential newspapers in the United States of America. (3 points)5. How do you understand “The members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are reallaw-makers.” (3 points)6. What are the geographical features of the United States of America? (4 points)第四部分：翻译I. Translate the following paragraph from English into Chinese. (15 points)It seems that as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.II. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. (15 points)白蛇传本事白蛇乃天上之精灵，因思凡下山，变成美女白素贞，与伺女小青（青蛇化身）居于杭州。
东北师范大学体育学院英语考试试卷1、The green shorts are _______ sale for ＄[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with2、7．—I've got some ________.—Great! I'd like to write with it. [单选题] * A．funB．chalk(正确答案)C．waterD．time3、Tony can _______ the guitar.Now he _______ the guitar. [单选题] *A. play; plays(正确答案)B. playing; playingC. plays; is playingD. play; is playing4、23．Susan doesn’t like cartoons. She would rather ______ Space War”. [单选题] * A．see (正确答案)B．seesC．seeingD．to see5、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that6、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring7、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedC. death(正确答案)D. die8、It is reported（）three people were badly injured in the traffic accident. [单选题] *A. whichB. that(正确答案)C.whileD.what9、Bob used ______ on the right in China, but he soon got used ______ on the left in England.（）[单选题] *A. to drive; to driveB. to drive; drivingC. to driving; to driveD. to drive; to driving(正确答案)10、It’s usually windy in spring, ______ you can see lots of people flying kites.（）[单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. orC. but11、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /12、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and13、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] *A. alsoB. tooC. either(正确答案)D. so14、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for15、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who16、I had _______ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /17、We will _______ Mary this Sunday. [单选题] *A. call on(正确答案)B. go onC. keep onD. carry on18、Either you or the president（）the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)19、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)20、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)21、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off22、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until23、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over24、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are25、73．（）about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him．[单选题] *A. So curious the detective wasB.So curious was the detective(正确答案)C.How curious was the detectiveD.How curious the detective was26、If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a _____. [单选题] *A. message(正确答案)B. letterC. sentenceD. notice27、In 2019 we moved to Boston,（）my grandparents are living. [单选题] *A. whoB. whenC. where(正确答案)D. for which28、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts29、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown30、Be careful when you _______ the street. [单选题] *A. are crossingB. is crossingC. cross(正确答案)D. is cross。
东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题东北师范大学2006年英语专业研究生入学考试英语专业基础试题Part One: Linguistics (50’)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5’)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important.2. [∫] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which are named contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5’)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10’)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10’)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20’)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguisticsmakes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60’)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20’)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the f ollowing questions briefly. (20’)1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism inAmerican literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20’)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustratedand how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, oron the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the firstsentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Sur vey of UK and USA (15’)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6’)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administerthe law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland andVirginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in theBritish Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in theUnited States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back theWelsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3’) III. A nalyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3’)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet.(3’)Part Four: Translation (25’)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of ahospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10’)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
东北师范大学2006年英语专业研究生入学考试英语专业基础试题Part One: Linguistics (50’)I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5’)1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important.2. [∫] is a palatal voiced fricative.3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/femal e are antonyms which are named contrary terms.5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky.II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5’)A: Do you like lobster?B: Is the Pope Catholic?III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10’)1. Terry loves his wife and so do I.2. We laughed at the colorful ball.3. I cannot recommend him too highly.4. They said she would go yesterday.IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10’)1. register2. indirect speech act3. prototypes4. communicative competenceV. Discussion (20’)1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguisticsmakes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary.2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”Part Two: English and American Literature (60’)I. Explain the following literary terms. (20’)1. Sonnet2. Theatre of the absurd3. Local Colorism4. Harlem RenaissanceII. Answer the following questions briefly. (20’)1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel?2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism inAmerican literature.III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20’)1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustratedand how.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it.It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, oron the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.(1) From which literary work is the passage taken?(2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the firstsentence?(3) What suggestions does the author make in the work?(4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion?(5) How would you like to describe his tone?Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15’)I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6’)1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administerthe law.2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland andVirginia.3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in theBritish Nations.4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life.5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in theUnited States of America.6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back theWelsh in about 122 A.D.II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3’)III. A nalyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3’)IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet.(3’)Part Four: Translation (25’)I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored.II. Translate the following passage into English. (10’)鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。
