增词法翻译练习.doc-for students

增词法翻译练习题㈠一. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在斜体名词前增加动词.1. They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night.2. He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.3. “Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality,” he said.4. My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to filmy time.二. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在斜体名词前增加形容词.1. “This is grasping at straws, I know,” said the hopeless man.2. With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I had not the time to worry about such trifles.3. “It will make a man of him,” said Jack. “College is the place.”4. He regard the National Day edition of that paper as a collector`s item. 三．试翻译下列各句, 注意增加副词.1. Now and then his boots shone.2. A seagull saw the light from my window and darted up to it.3. They lingered long over his letter.4. He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the back.四. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在斜体不及物动词后增加名词.1. He began to see things and to understand.2. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.3. Stephen came out of the mill into the damp wind and cold wet street, haggard and worn.六. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在斜体名词前家表复数的词.1. Very acute problems exits among them.2. The U.S. had a brief period of regional feudalism during the period of slavery in the southern states.3. They drove in a black limousine, past groves of biech trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.七. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在斜体动词需要增加表时间的词.1. I knew it quite well as I know it now.2. Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking.3. They has always been able to control things. Now control was getting away from all of them.八. 试翻译下列各句, 注意增加助词.1.” All that made this Christmas Day was my knowing it was,”.2. The little kid had brought with him his knife, scissors and so on.3. It was mostly small talk, but I would have very little of that Family news. Messages from sisters, nephews, nieces.㈡一. 试翻译下列各句, 注意增加适当的词.1. “How shall I do?”–“Just as you wish.”2. Sometimes their faces froze, sometimes their feet and their hands.3. Either you do it, or we will get somebody who will.4. Mr. Morrison took over as Director, Mr. White as Vice Director.二. 试翻译下列各句, 通过增词来表达原文中的含蓄条件句.1. Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions.2. They would not have done such a thing without government approval.3. The bridge was painted a dull green color. Under any other circumstancesI probably would have found it ugly.三. 试翻译下列各句, 通过增词来表达斜体do/does/did 所代替的意义.1. He did not really represent their opinions to higher-ups, although he claimed he did.2. The guard inside the prison had no guns. But those in the towers did.3. I tired not to draw too much hope from the incident, but despite my resolve, I did.四. 试翻译下列各句, 通过增词使斜体的抽象名词具体化.1. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.2. Now birth control became a possibility.3. The vague restlessness since boyhood remained.4. There had been an ease of international tension.5. Preparations for the conference had been plagued by many problems.五. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在必要增加处增加概括词.1. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution.2. Thus he grew in body and soul.3. All the facts concerning Mr. Powers family background, his upbringing, his personal experience, his social connections and his occupation have subjected to intensive study.六. 试翻译下列各句, 注意在必要增加承上启下的词.1. He stepped to the platform and paused: a little dingy station, a small crowd of travelers.2. Border formalities, the French offcials were polite and efficient, the Nazi authorities aloof and superior.重复法翻译练习题㈠一、选择下列个句,重复斜体的名词1.We would learn how to analyze and solve problems.2.It is our duty to rebuild and defend our home_land.3.asa good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4.It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5.They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.二、选择下列句子,重复斜体介词前的名词.1.We caught a glimpse of the leading horses and of a horseman vanishingthrough the rain2.The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guard.3.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.4.The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law inparticular of the Geneva Convention.5. He broke all connections with his past, and with the old society inevery way三、试翻译下列个句子重复斜体的动词1.People forget your face ,then your name.2.This requires care and , for difficult problems , great experience.3. I owned a town house , a car and a driver’s license to take myself about.4. They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns , training.5. He wore zippered for this campaign as they had for larger ones .四. 试翻译下列个句子,重复斜体介词前的动词.1. Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education , and particularly of the spread of wealth and work.2. Grammar deals with the structure of language , English grammar with the structure of English , French grammar with the structure of French, etc.3. They talked of things they longed for _of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4. They had prepared for this campaign as they had for larger ones .五. 试翻译下列个句子.重复斜体代词所代表的名词1. Ignoring a problem does not solve it .2. Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it.3. But there are clues, and they seem to bear out my earlier suspicion.4. When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.六.试翻译下列个句子,注意对斜体的代词运用重复手段.1. Big families had their own difficulties.2. Each had his own business to handle.3. Some were playing football, others were playing volleyball.4. Whoever works hard will be respected.练习题㈡一.试翻译下个句子,注意保持原文的重复手段1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.2. This town is small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.3. Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt.4. If once virtue is lost, all is lost.5. Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles.二.试翻译下列各句子,注意用同义词表达原文中重复的词1. Easy come, easy go.2. No pains, no gains.3. During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Peking University and visited the Great Wall.4. She loved giving orders to the servents and they loved obeying her.三.试翻译下列各句子, 用两个在意义上相互补充的四字词组表达原文汇总斜体词.1. He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.2. The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.3. Instead we continued to embellish the cover story, walking blindly into his trap.4. With what seemed my last hope frustrated, I slipped into a deep lethargy.四.试翻译下列各句, 用四字重叠词表达原文中的斜体词.1. The toasts were flat.2. I was not evasive in my reply.3. A slanting sunlight dappled the grass.4. The farm buildings and the wheel-house were all dim and bluish.五.试翻译下列各句,用四字对偶词组表达原文中的斜体词.1. The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair.2. She is an awful fool of a woman.3. She told him of Johnsy’ s fancy.4. But at that time, she was the only woman here.六. 试翻译下列各句, 用同义词重复原文中斜体词1. Sam in the parlour, his boss was at lunch on chop and wine.2. His folks ate up everything he had.3. They might very well be preparing an attack against the country, hence their sizable build-up not only of troops, but of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of the country.。

一、增词法
1. "Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, " he said.
谁也不能指望他会采取克制或讲道理的的态度
2.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.
我干工作，我做家务，我有朋友来往，这些占用了我的全部时间
3.He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as
a collector's item.
他把国庆节那份报纸视为收藏的珍品
4.They lingered long over his letter.
他们反复看了他的来信
5.Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and worn.
史蒂芬面容憔悴，精疲力竭，从闷热的工厂走出，到了凄风苦雨的街上。

6.There had been an ease of international tension.
国际紧张局势过去有所缓解。

二、反正法
7.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success.
如果他没发脾气，这次谈判可能就成功了。

8. The two teams tied.两队不分胜负
9. His answer is beside the mark.他的回答文不对题。

增词译法第三章词法翻译四、增词译法(Amplification)英汉两种语⾔，由于表达⽅式不尽相同，翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。

增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加⼀些词来更忠实通顺的表达原⽂的思想内容。

不是⽆中⽣有的随意增词，⽽是增加原⽂中虽⽆其词但有其意的词。

⼀、根据句法上的需要增词（⼀）增补原⽂答句中的省略部分1. Is this your book Yes, it is.这是你的书吗是我的。

(Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.)2. Do you love him Yes, of course I do.你爱他吗我当然爱他。

(Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)（⼆）增补原⽂句⼦中所省略的动词1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife.他记得这件事，他的妻⼦早就记起来了。

2. I believed it too. But I don’t now.过去我也是相信的。

可是现在，我不相信了。

3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。

4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。

5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使⼈充实，讨论使⼈机智，写作使⼈准确。

6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.⼀只鹰和⼀只狐狸长期友好的住在⼀起，鹰住在⼀棵⾼⾼的树顶上，狐狸住在树下⼀个洞⾥。

翻译方法之增词法与减词法一、增词法1.增补代词和名词在翻译中，为了保证译文语法结构的完整性，需要增加和补充做主语的代词、名词。

例一：要有把握，就要有准备，而且要有充分的准备。

译文：__________________________________例二：许多年轻人响应了国家开发西部的号召，到西部去创业。

译文：__________________________________2.增补连词例三：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

译文：__________________________________3.增加介词例四：我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。

译文：__________________________________4.增加表示具体概念的词在翻译过程中，为了使译文意义明确，将意思概括性变为具体补充性概念。

通常使用在注释性用语中如：典故、谚语、术语及简化说法在翻译时作补充说明。

例五：班门弄斧译文：__________________________________例六：四世同堂译文：__________________________________5.增加范畴词、原文暗含的词、注释性的词为了使翻译更加能明确地表达出原文的意义，使翻译的意义更加明确。

需要在翻译过程中加入一些范畴词、原文暗含的词、注释性的词等。

例七：台湾是中国的领土。

译文：__________________________________例八：全国人民总体上实现了由温饱向小康的跨越。

译文：__________________________________以上两句分别添加了表示范畴的part 和暗含意义的词stage。

二、减词法减词法是把中文中出现的词语，但在翻译的过程中不需要的词语进行省略的方法。

这种省略一般是由于译文中语意已经涵盖了可省去的部分，或是由于汉英语法、修辞或习惯表达法上的差异。

但是省略绝不是把原文的某些思想略去不译。

减词法分为以下几种：1.省略中文中重复出现的词语例一：经济全球化使南北的发展差距、贫富差距进一步扩大。

增词法增译法 amplification试译以下句⼦：1．I’m looking forward to the holidays.我期待着假期的到来。

2．She bought a Shanghai last week. 上周她买了⼀辆上海牌汽车。

3．After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.在观看⾜球赛之后，他有⼀个重要会议要参加。

4．We can learn what we did not know. 我们能够学到原来不懂的东西。

5．I could knit when I was seven.我七岁时就会织⽑⾐。

6．Some metals are easy to machine; others are not.⼀些⾦属容易加⼯，⽽另⼀些⾦属却不容易。

7．我不爱喝饮料。

I don’t like soft drinks.8．⼈和动物不同。

Man is different from other animals. 定义：增译法就是在翻译时根据意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加原⽂中虽⽆其词但有其义的⼀些词，使得译⽂忠实表达原⽂的信息与风格并使译⽂合乎表达习惯。

增译的部分在原⽂中虽找不出对应词语，但为了忠实传达原⽂信息，译⽂必须增加。

增词的情况有很多种，但总的规则是使译⽂忠于原⽂。

(⼀)增补量词在汉语中，量词除了具有与数词词组的组合功能外，还具有表⼀功能和概括功能。

a pen an airplane a pig a horse1. Benny had a one-chair barbershop inthe neighborhood.⽐尼在那⼀带开了⼀家只有⼀张椅⼦的理发店。

汉语中⽤来与动词组合的动量词，如遍、回、顿等，多数是英语中没有的，在翻译时可以根据具体情况加在动词的后⾯。

2. I was extremely worried about her, butthis was neither the place nor thetime for a lecture or an argument. 我替她担⼼得要命，可是此时此地既不宜教训她⼀番，也不宜跟她争论⼀通。

Unit 3 增词、减词法一、增词1、没有调查就没有发言权。

2、交出翻译前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。

3、在背后说我们好话的人才是一个真正的朋友。

4、耳朵是听力器官，鼻子用来闻气味，舌头用来尝滋味。

5、宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力。

6、第二天，太阳一升起他就醒了。

7、孩子们想住在城里，我自己宁愿住在乡村。

8、不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？9、我告诉他该走了，他匆匆忙忙地走了。

10、人不犯我，我不犯人。

11、天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。

12、礼拜天图书馆不开门。

On Sundays the library remains closed.13、咱们校门口见吧。

Let’s meet at the school gate.14、我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。

We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.15、谁都知道中东战场很艰苦。

Every one knows that life on the Middle East battlefield is rather hard.16、“小李，什么时候请吃糖啊？”王奶奶笑着问道。

““还没定呢。

”她脸一红。

“Xiao Li,” Granny Wang smiled, “When can I eat your wedding candy?”“That depends.” She blushed.17、近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染。

Recent research discoveries indicate that flu canbe spread by hand contacts.18、计划生育，利国利民。

Family planning pays off.19、最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。

In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.20、要提倡顾全大局。

Translation Exercises：(增词法)1。

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses。

核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘，其部分原因是人类器官无法觉察到它的存在。

2. Some motions appear to be very simple； others very complicated。

有些运动看起来很简单，有些运动看起来则很复杂。

3. Which do you like better: grammar or translation exercises？你喜欢语法练习，还是翻译练习？4。

They include silks and colored thread.它们包括各种丝绸和彩线。

5。

In spite of difficulties, he succeeded in finishing his task。

尽管困难重重,他成功地完成了任务.6。

The middle-aged teacher carried on teaching work in spite of the diseases。

尽管那位中年教师身患种种疾病，他仍坚持进行教学工作。

7. In America, motorcar factories were closing down in early 1961。

1961年初，美国的汽车工厂纷纷倒闭。

8。

Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning。

他每天来干活——-扫地，擦地板，收拾房间.9。

I could knit when I was seven。

我七岁时就会织毛衣。

10。

Her bravery surprised all。

.增词法翻译练习用增词法翻译下列句子：1.The retreat（撤退）commenced（开始，着手）in all haste. 我们撤退的十分匆忙2.Her grace was a delight. 她优雅的气质让人愉快3.There was a wide emptiness （空旷）over the street. 街道的上方很空旷4.His arrogance（傲慢，自负）made everyone dislike him. 他傲慢的性格使人生厌5.He waited for the booing（发出嘘声）to quiet down, then cleared his throat. 他等到嘘声渐渐平息，然后清了清喉咙6.Humans vying（竞争）for dominance（优势，统治）will turn to genetics to compete.人们对优势地位的竞争会变成竞争的基因。

7.Considering its growing economic importance, the general（普遍的）neglect（忽视）ofgeology in university teaching is difficult to justify（证明）. 考虑到它在经济上日益增长的重要性，大学教学中普遍对地理学的忽视很难证明8.Psychologist Richard Stuart showed in the 1960s that overweight women could lose poundsby modifying（缓和）both their eating behavior and “stimulus environment”. 心理学者Richard Stuart 在19世纪70年代表示肥胖的女性可以通过缓和他们的饮食习惯和环境刺激来减肥。

9.He had noticed the mounting （可骑的东西）insubordination（不顺从，反抗）, and he realizedwith embarrassment that he was the cause of what could have become his own downfall.他已经注意到他统治的人民开始反抗他的统治，他也尴尬地意识到他自己是导致他垮台本因10.He is much less selfish and much more peaceful now. 他变得不那么自私，而且心境更平和。

Translation Exercises 4: (增词法)1. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibitionhall.她的冷漠的态度把许多的参观者挡在展览厅门外2. The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.英语目前的情况很好的，它正按照自己那不易发现的方式在不断地变化，而不是像一只树上掉下来的李子那样在逐渐腐烂。

3. On profit distribution, that is all I have got to say. 关于利润的分配问题，我所要说的就这些了4. Sino-British links have multiplied---political, commercial, educational, cultural, defence, science and technology.中英两国在政治，经济，教育，文化，国防，科学与技术方面的联系已经进一步增加啦！5. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills.国家利用不同的经济资源，人也发展不同的技能6. Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.货物保险是为了保护贸易商免遭许多可能发生的危险而造成的各种损失。

7. As to direct and indirect exporting, which approach is best depends on such factors as the company’s size, its export volume, the number of foreign countries involved, the investment required to support the operation, the profit potential, the risk present, and the desires of the overseas buyers.至于直接和间接出口贸易业务，哪种方式最好取决于一下7种因素：公司规模大小，出口数量多少，牵涉到的外国国家的多少，支撑出口业务都投资有多少，潜在的利润多少，目前风险的大小和海外买家的购买需求的大小8. Most of these writers were convinced that injustices existed in our economic system, and against these injustices they protested, but they had no wish to change the system itself. 大多数作家都确信，在我们的经济体系中存在着不公平的现象，对这种现象他们表示过抗议，但他们并不愿意从本身上改变这个经济体系9. Many black women have stood out in revolt against social inequalities. 许多黑人妇女已经站出来反抗社会不平等现象10. We must put an end to waste in our work.我们必须终止在工作中浪费时间的现象11.Tariffs may be used simply to obtain revenue. In some developing countries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the government’s income. Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are designed to carry out a particular economic policy. They may help to reduce a balance of payments deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations. A revenue tariff will always provide some protection, and a protective tariff will produce some revenue. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between revenue and protective tariffs from economic evidence alone.关税可能仅仅是用来获取税收收入的。