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高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧考纲解读：阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。
阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。
新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。
英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4) 做出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
命题探究：一．选材特点：广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。
二．题目类型：高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题三．题目特点：1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。
2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次排列。
如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。
主旨大意题和写作目的题一般都安排在第5小题。
阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。
想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯提高分数技巧：1. 抓好限时训练同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。
做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。
首先要避免“指读”。
很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。
而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。
其次要避免出声阅读。
嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。
还要避免过多地停顿回读。
在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。
它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。
有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
【备考建议】做细节理解题时，应该注意以下的命题方式：1.特殊疑问句形式。
以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。
true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may vi sit________.（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________.（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
解析阅读理解中的细节题阅读理解中的细节题是指依据所给材料，通过查阅和理解细节信息，回答相关问题的题目。
这类题目通常要求考生具备较高的阅读理解能力，能够快速而准确地找到关键信息，进行分析和归纳。
下面将对解析阅读理解中的细节题进行详细阐述。
一、什么是细节题？细节题是阅读理解中的一种题型，要求考生在阅读过程中准确地辨认、理解并提取文章中的关键细节信息，以便回答相关问题。
这类题目考察考生对文章细节的把握能力，要求考生对文章内容具备较高的理解和分析能力。
二、如何应对细节题？1. 仔细阅读文章在解答细节题之前，首先要仔细阅读整篇文章，全面掌握文章的主旨和大意。
只有对文章有一个整体的了解，才能更好地抓住细节信息。
2. 注意关键词在阅读过程中，要注意关键词的出现。
关键词通常包括人名、地名、数字、时间、事件等。
这些词汇往往与细节信息紧密相关，可以帮助考生更快地定位到所需信息。
3. 划线或记笔记在阅读过程中，可以使用划线或记笔记的方式来标记关键信息。
划线可以帮助考生在回答问题时更快地找到所需信息，记笔记可以帮助考生更好地整理思路。
4. 多练习细节题是需要不断练习的题型。
通过多做题，可以提高对文章中细节信息的识别和理解能力，从而更好地应对细节题。
三、细节题的应对策略1. 信息定位首先，通过仔细阅读文章，确定所需信息出现的位置。
可以根据关键词在文章中的位置，确定所需信息的大致范围。
2. 对比筛选在所确定的范围内，对信息进行对比和筛选。
可以将选项与文章中的信息逐一对照，排除与文章不符合的选项，然后再对剩余选项进行进一步的对比和筛选。
3. 排除法如果在对比筛选的过程中无法确定最终答案，可以使用排除法。
排除法是通过排除错误选项，从剩余选项中确定正确答案的方法。
4. 注意表达方式在回答细节题时，要注意对信息的准确表达。
特别是涉及数据或数字的细节题，要仔细核对答案，确保资料准确无误。
四、细节题的注意事项1. 避免主观臆断在回答细节题时，要避免主观臆断。
专题十四：阅读理解之细节题A组课堂专项训练难度系数：★★模拟专场（一）: 2015年湖南省株洲市高三模拟一A篇Karl Fleming joined the military because he needed a change in his life. He had a successful career with a shipping company but he wanted to do something more. He found that something in the U.S. army. Fleming began his service in 2009 and never looked back.A few years later, Fleming volunteered to go to Afghanistan. There, he worked as a bodyguard for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He enjoyed it, except for the almost-nightly rocket attacks. Karl was never hit directly by a rocket, but he didn‘t need to be to feel its effects. The rockets caused severe shaking, shaking so bad that Fleming was left with many injuries. He was also diagnosed with concussions(脑震荡) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD).1. From Paragraph 2, we can learn Karl Fleming was __________.A. forced to go to AfghanistanB. struck directly by a rocket one dayC. satisfied with everything in the armyD. injured because of the shaking from the rockets2. Fleming suffered from the following illnesses except ___________.A. concussionsB.PTSDC. memory lossD. a heart attack1.【答案】D【解析】D细节理解。
高中英语阅读理解细节理解题40题1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Thing 1B. Thing 2C. Thing 3D. Thing 4答案：D。
本题考查对文章细节的理解。
在原文中依次提到了Thing 1、Thing 2 和Thing 3，而Thing 4 没有提及。
2.According to the passage, what is the main reason for something?A. Reason 1B. Reason 2C. Reason 3D. Reason 4答案：B。
原文中明确指出主要原因是Reason 2，其他选项Reason 1、Reason 3 和Reason 4 在文中并未提及是主要原因。
3.The author mentioned all of the following details EXCEPT _.A. Detail 1B. Detail 2C. Detail 3D. Detail 4答案：D。
文章中详细描述了Detail 1、Detail 2 和Detail 3，而Detail 4 并没有被提及。
4.What can we know from the passage about a certain person?A. Fact 1B. Fact 2C. Fact 3D. Fact 4答案：C。
根据文章内容，关于这个人我们可以知道Fact 3，而Fact 1、Fact 2 和Fact 4 与文章内容不符。
5.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Statement 1 is true.B. Statement 2 is true.C. Statement 3 is true.D. Statement 4 is true.答案：B。
阅读理解之“细节理解”题解题指导细节理解题是指原文提到了某事实、现象或理论，而题干则针对原文的具体叙述设问，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低，但在中考中却占有很大比重。
同学们解答细节题时，需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。
一、命题特点事实细节题的考点非常明确，考点通常集中在以下几处：1.列举信息。
文章中first, second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方，常会要求考生从所列的内容中选择符合题干要求的选项。
2.举例与打比方。
要注意那些引出例子或比喻的标志词，如as, such as, for example, for instance 等，用于引出具体事实，使文章观点更具说服力。
这些事例就是常考的细节之处。
3.指示代词出现。
这类考题常用来考查学生是否真正了解上下文句子之间的逻辑关系。
4.引用人物论断。
作者为使论点更有依据，常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要的发现。
5.特殊标点符号后的内容。
因为特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明，因此，注意到这些标点，也就注意到了细节。
这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。
另外，细节理解题的选项也很有特点：通常正确答案不是照搬的原文。
而干扰选项则正好相反，有的来自原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容；有的与原句内容极为相似，是在程度上有些变动；有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正确或部分错误。
二、解题方法1.跳读查找法。
这个方法的要点在于先看题干，然后带着问题读文章。
以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。
一、细节判断题： (根据题目到文中定位、根据选项判断四选项的对错)细节题的重点是：定位定位主要从段再到具体的句如何定位：通过中心词定位到段，再根据某一方面具体到句问题一：如何将问题进行解析来定位问题二:如何将四个选项进行分析来定位总结：将一个句子拆分开1.which one is ture among the sentences?（判断四个选项的对错：其中有3个选项存在细节性的错误，在看选项时务必将每个选项可能存在的错误找出来在到文中进行比对）2。
what can we infer from the passage?（四个选型那句话是对的)课堂讲解训练ATEACH DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN IN QUITO IN ECUADORSUMMARY FACTFILEPrice: From ￡775, excluding flightsDuration ： From 2 weeks to 6 months subject to visa requirementsStart Dates ： All year round —you choose your start and finish datesRequirements ： At least aged 17, no qualifications necessary, but you’ll have to be enthusiastic。
You’ll need to know a little Spanish to do this project, but if you have no knowledge of Spanish at all, you can combine your project with 1—week intensive （强化的) Spanish course in Quito before starting your project 。
practiceHyderabadHyderabad, IndiaTo improve people’s lives, Hyderabad is planting more and more trees. The cityy is even creatingg ggreener buildingsg that use less water and less electricityy for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, treesmake the air cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were grey and dirty in the past. HHowever, todayt d theyth are fillfilledd withith treest andd flowers,fl makingki theth cityit cleanerl anddmore colourful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise. A study in the USA shows an interesting thing: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is. 2012年天津市中考C篇4.对比处：常见标志词有compared with/to, unlike等。
【ExampleE l 4】Unlike a computer,p , Kindle never ggets hot so yyou can read comfortably as long as you like.pared to a computer, Kindle .A. doesn’t get hotB. has no screenC. is harder to useD. is heavier to carry(2011年北京市西城区一模)【Example 5】68. According to the passage, why do many patients stopgetting injections?A. Because of the pain and stress of the injections.B. Because they are too lazy.C. Because they like taking pills (药丸).D. Because theyy are waitingg for the new device.(2012年黄冈市中考A篇)practice5555. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Learning a second language can help us find a good job quickly.B.. Dr.. Mechelliec e madede thee experimente pe e amongo g threeee differentd e e groups.g oups.C. Learning a second language is the same as studying other subjects.D. The earlier we learn a second language, the more money we pay.（2012年北京市大兴区二模C篇）A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College LondonLondon, took a group of Britons who only spoke EnglishEnglish. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a secondlanguageg g before the ageg of five,, as well as a number of later learners.5.因果关系处：表原因标志词有because, for, since, as, thereason等；表结果标志词有therefore, so, as a result等。
【Example 5】Microchips bring good news to patients with longlong-termterm (长期的) illnesses, for example, Osteoporosis (骨质疏松症). People with … One typeof treatment requiresq injectionsj for two yyears. Manyy ppatients stopp takinggthe medicine because of the pain and stress of the infections. However, microchips can deal with it. Doctors will program the device beforeputtingi iti underd theh …OneO microchipi hi can holdh ld a fullf ll year’s’ worthh offmedicine.practice4141. WhWhy diddidn’t theth vegetablest bl andd ththe ttree gett on wellll withith eachhother?th ?A. Because the vegetables wanted more light.B. Because the tree drank almost all the water.C. Because the vegetables weren’t the pride of the gardener.D. Because the vegetables didn’t look as wonderful as tree.（2012年江苏省泰州市中考C篇）There was a lovely vegetable patch (菜园).) A large tree grew there.there Both the patch and the tree gave the place a wonderful look, and they were the prideof the gardener.g But no one know that the vegetablesg and the tree couldn’tstand (忍受) each other. The vegetables hated the tree’s shadow (阴影) , because it left them only just enough light to live. The tree, on the otherhand, hated the vegetables because they drank nearly all the water, leavinghim just enough to live.【Example 6】59.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. We cannot just feel sorry, but take actions.B. We may feel worse when we realize the unfairness.C. Life will become fair someday through our great efforts.D.Pity is a self-defeating emotion delivering loving-kindness.（2010年北京市中考D篇）6.长难句：即含有复杂成分的句子。
【ExampleE l 6】One of the nice things about surrendering (承认) to the fact that lifeisn’tt fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouragingus to do the very best we can with what we have. We know it’s not “life’s job”to make everythingy g perfect,p , it’s our own chall enge.g Surrenderingg to thisfact … in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions;and everyone has those times that they feel cheated or unfairly treated.2010年北京市海淀区一模B篇P1：I was born in 52. The writer came to New York ______. Ireland and lived there A. for 35 yearsuntilntil I wasas nineteen yearsears B. for 54 yearsold. I came to New York in C. in 19561956. At first, I held DD. since he was 19several jobs to earn a fewdollars……P4：I believe honesty is one 54. _____ is the most importantof the greatest gifts there is. It’ss according to the passage. something that makes a man a A. Kindnessgood guy. This is also my way B. Experienceto live by. C. MoneyD. Honesty P2：In fact, taxi drivers are 53. The writer found ______ in his just likee otherot e honesto est people.peop e. car in Brooklyn. You can read in the papers A. a bagalmost every week where a taxi B. a ringdriver turns in money or jewels C. some moneypeople leave in their cars. One D. some jewelstime in Brooklyn,Brooklyn I found a ringin my car. I remembered helpinga ladyy with a lot of bagsg that …P3：In all my years of drivinga taxi car…命题实质直接同义替换P1：I was born in 52. The writer came to Ireland and lived there New York ______. until I was nineteen years A. for 35 yearsold. I came to New York in B. for 54 yyears 1956. At first, I held C. in 1956several jobs to earn a few D. since he was 19 dollars……直接同义替换5555. Most Chinese parents don’tt realize ____________.A. how much the best education is worthBB. whenh childrenhild shouldh ld bbe educatedd t dC. what children really need in later lifeD. why school tests don’t satisfy children(2010年北京市西城区一模)直接同义替换P2：However,, what most parentsp fail to see is that the best earlyy education they can give their children is usually very cheap.P3：Parents can see that their children’s skills are different, maybe skilledin some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though,。
