词性 part of speech16)动态动词 event verb
17)静态动词 stage verb1.名词 noun
3.形容词 adjective proper noun1)专有名词
4.2)普通名词 common noun副词 adverb
1)方式副词3)可数名词 countable noun adverb of manner
2)程度副词 adverb of degree4)不可数名词 uncountable noun3)时间副词 abstract noun adverb of time5)抽象名词4)具体名词 concrete noun地点副词 adverb of place6)5)修饰性副词7)物质名词 material noun adjunct
6)连接性副词8)集体名词 collective nounconjunct
7)疑问副词 interrogative adverb individual noun9)个体名词
8)关系副词 relative adverb动词2. verb
5.代词 pronoun transitive verb1)及物动词
1)人称代词2)不及物动词 intransitive verb personal pronoun
2)物主代词 finite verb form3)限定动词 possessive pronoun
3)非限定动词4) non-finite verb form名词性物主代词 nominal possessive
pronoun main verb5)主动词
4)形容词性物主代系动词6) link verb 词 adjectival
possessive pronoun7)助动词 auxiliary verb5)情态动词8) modal verb反身代词reflexive pronoun
6)指示代词 regular verb规则动词9) demonstrative pronoun
7)疑问代词 interrogative pronoun不规则动词10) irregular verb8) phrasal verb短语动词关系代词 relative pronoun11)9) finite verb限定动词不定代词 indefinite pronoun12)6.13) infinite verb非限定动词冠词 article
1)14)causative verb使役动词定冠词 definite article
indefinite article不定冠词2)verb of senses感官动词15)．
7.数词 numeral8.介词 preposition
9.基数词 cardinal numeral连词 conjunction1)10.感叹词 exclamation2)序数词ordinal numeral
number/case/gender格//性一、数3.性 gender1.数 number
1)阴性 feminine1)单数形式 singular form2)2)阳性 masculine复数形式 plural form3)中性neuter3)规则形式 regular form4)通性 common irregular form4)不规则形式
4.人称 person格2. case
1)第一人称 first person1)普通格 common case
2)2)所有格 possessive case第二人称 second person
3)第三人称 third person nominative case3)主格宾格4) objective case二、句子成分 members of sentences5)同源宾语 cognate object主语1. subject
5. predicate谓语定语 attribute 2.
6.3.状语表语 predicative adverbial
7.4.宾语同位语 appositive object
8.双宾语1)补语 dual object complement
1)2)主语补足语 direct object直接宾语 subject complement
2)3)宾语补足语 object complement间接宾语 indirect object4)复合宾语 complex object
三、句子 sentence （基本句型 basic sentence pattern）
compound sentence并列句2. simple sentence简单句1.
3.复合句 complex sentence4)反义疑问句 disjunctive question
5)附加疑问句复合句 compound complex
tag question4.并列6)修辞疑问句 rhetorical question sentence7)5.感叹疑问句declarative sentence exclamatory question陈述句8.6.存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence
9.否定句 negative sentence7.疑问句 interrogative sentence
10.祈使句 imperative sentence general question1)一般疑问句
11.省略句 elliptical sentence特殊疑问句2) special question12.3)感叹句alternative question exclamatory sentence选择疑问句
四、语气/语态语序 mood/voice/order/ii.部分倒装 partial inversion 1.语气 mood3)直接引语 direct speech indicative mood1)陈述语气
4)间接引语 indirect speech祈使语气2) imperative mood
5)自由直接引语 free direct speech3)虚拟语气 subjunctive mood
6)语态2. voice自由间接引语 free indirect speech
5. active voice主动语态一致 agreement1)
1)主谓被动语态 passive voice一致 subject-predicate
2)agreement3.否定 negation
2)语法一致 grammatical agreement否定范围1) scope of negation3) full negation 全部否定概念一致 notional agreement2)4)3) partial negation局部否定就近原则principle of proximity
5)4)转移否定强调 emphasis shift of negation
6)语序 4. order重复 repetition
6.1)自然语序语音 natural order pronunciation
1)2) inversion倒装语序语调 tone
rising tone声调2) full inversion全部倒装i.
3)降调 falling tone12)层次 rank
13)句子4)升降调 falling-rising tone sentence
14)从句 clause7.文本 style
15)词组 formal phrase1)正式文本9.非正式文本 informal词类 part of speech2)1)单词3)口语 spoken/oral English word
2)实词套语4) formulistic expression notional word
3)虚词 structural word5)英国英语 British English
4)单纯词 simple word6)美国英语 American English
5)派生词 derivative usage8.用法
6)复合词 compound感情色彩1) emotional coloring
10.句法关系 syntactic relationship commendatory2)褒义
并列 coordinate3)贬义 derogatory1)
从属 humorous4)幽默 subordination2)
sarcastic modification修饰3)讽刺5)
6) pre-modification4) ironic挖苦前置修饰 post-modification词性7) part of speech后置修饰5) restriction限制 grammar8)语法6) syntax双重限制
double-restriction7)句法9)
