中西方文化之鉴——case:cultural conflict
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中西方文化的冲突与融合中西方文化的冲突与融合一、《喜福会》——母女纠葛中的文化碰撞在这一书中,母亲和女儿之间的关系是作者一直着重描写的一对矛盾。
四对母女之间的矛盾存在着对立和冲突,到最终还是融合到了一起。
母亲们是来自中国的传统女性,她们的思维方式和行为举止都是中国儒家传统文化的充分体现和代表。
但是女儿们是出生在美国的新女性,总有新思想,所以母女之间即使是有亲情的纽带进行维系,但是她们之间仍然存在代沟,仍然充满着矛盾。
母女双方分别代表了中国传统思想和美式的价值观念,所以她们陷入了僵局——到底应该如何生存在两种文化的夹缝之中,在女儿的成长过程中,母亲对她们施加了许多的影响,以“这都是为了女儿好”的心态和中国传统思想进行教育。
但是女儿们明显是有自己的想法的,想冲破束缚,想要取得自我独立的权利,母女双方的紧张形势一触即发。
这里可以体现为中国传统文化和美国新式价值观念的一种文化冲突。
但是,当女儿们成长过程中遇到了许多的磨难的时候,母亲们都会以自身的亲身经历进行开导,帮助女儿们明白自身的处境并提出有效的解决方法。
同时母女之间的矛盾得到了化解,并走向了融合和和谐的道路。
这四个家庭就像是一个大环境下的小舞台。
在这个舞台上,浓缩了中美文化价值观念的冲突,并融合的过程。
女儿从母亲传承中国传统文化的精华,逐步确立了自己的来源和价值,在美国这个新环境下找到了自己的位置,并且正确地找到了如何对待文化冲突的方法,即肯定自己的根源和传统文化,并在新环境之下取其精华,去其糟粕。
所以谭恩美女士通过艺术地描写两代人的文化冲突、融合、碰撞展现出了中美文化之间的矛盾以及融合的过程。
二、《吃一碗茶》——第三空间的挣扎父子由于所处的成长环境不同,导致他们在文化上存在明显冲突。
父辈的这些男人们,“早年间,李恭和华贵两个年轻小伙子一道坐麦迪逊总统号船来到美国,在埃利斯岛的隔离室中共处”。
虽然他们移民到了美国,但他们的故土永远都是中国,对他们而言,对祖国的情感与忠诚是植根于心的,儒教思想是根深蒂固的。
中西文化冲突案例文化是人类社会发展的产物,不同的文化背景下,人们的价值观念、行为习惯和思维方式都会有所不同。
在全球化的今天,中西文化冲突成为一个不可忽视的现象。
下面将通过几个案例来探讨中西文化冲突的具体表现和解决方法。
第一个案例是关于时间观念的冲突。
在西方文化中,时间被视为金钱,准时是一种尊重和效率的体现。
然而在中国文化中,人们对时间的看法更为灵活,常常会出现迟到或临时改变计划的情况。
一位中国商人和一位西方客户约定了10点的会面时间,然而中国商人因为交通堵塞迟到了半个小时。
西方客户因此感到非常不满,认为这是不尊重他人的表现。
而中国商人则认为这只是小事,不值得大惊小怪。
这种时间观念的冲突往往会影响到商务合作的顺利进行。
解决这种冲突的方法是双方应该尊重对方的时间观念,中国商人可以在约定时间前尽量提前赶到,西方客户也可以对中国商人的迟到有所包容。
第二个案例是关于沟通方式的冲突。
在西方文化中,人们习惯于直接表达自己的想法和情感,注重个人的独立性和自我表达。
而在中国文化中,人们更倾向于含蓄和间接的沟通方式,注重集体的利益和和谐。
一位西方领导和一位中国员工在工作中发生了沟通不畅的情况。
西方领导习惯于直接下达指令和表达不满,而中国员工则习惯于避重就轻,不愿直接表达负面情绪。
这种沟通方式的冲突会导致工作效率低下和团队氛围紧张。
解决这种冲突的方法是双方应该了解对方的沟通习惯,西方领导可以更加耐心地倾听员工的意见,而中国员工也可以逐渐学会直接表达自己的想法。
第三个案例是关于礼仪习惯的冲突。
在西方文化中,人们习惯于握手问候,注重个人空间和隐私。
而在中国文化中,人们更注重身体接触和亲近,常常会有拥抱和亲吻的行为。
一位西方客户和一位中国客户在商务活动中发生了礼仪习惯的冲突。
西方客户觉得中国客户过于亲昵,而中国客户则认为西方客户过于冷漠。
这种冲突会影响到商务关系的建立和发展。
解决这种冲突的方法是双方应该尊重对方的礼仪习惯,西方客户可以适当地接受中国客户的亲昵行为,而中国客户也可以注意避免过分亲昵的举动。
中外影视作品中的文化冲突与融合文化冲突与融合是当今社会中不可忽视的话题,而中外影视作品往往能够生动地展现不同文化之间的碰撞与交流。
本文将从不同的角度探讨中外影视作品中的文化冲突与融合,以期更好地理解和欣赏这些作品。
中外影视作品中的文化冲突是无法避免的。
在全球化的今天,不同国家和地区的文化差异变得模糊且相对容易接触。
这种文化冲突往往能够引发戏剧性的情节发展和人物关系。
例如,《阿甘正传》这部经典的美国电影中,主人公阿甘来自南方的美国一个农村地区,他的价值观和生活方式与当时的美国社会存在着巨大的冲突。
然而,通过他坚韧不拔的精神和善良的本质,不同文化的融合最终成就了他的成功和用爱改变他人的故事。
同时,中外影视作品中的文化冲突也可以引发人们对于自身文化的思考和反思。
例如,《喜剧之王》是一部由香港导演周星驰执导的电影,讲述了一位香港喜剧演员在追逐梦想的过程中遇到的困境和挑战。
影片中融入了中国传统文化元素,如武术和京剧,同时也呈现了香港电影团队在不同文化背景下的合作与碰撞。
观众在欣赏这样的作品时,往往会对自己的文化和价值观进行思考,从而更好地了解和尊重他人的文化。
与文化冲突相对应的是文化融合。
中外影视作品通过展示不同文化之间的交流与共享,呈现了文化融合的可能性和积极影响。
例如,由导演李安执导的电影《卧虎藏龙》将中国武术元素与西方电影技术相结合,成为了一部在全球产生巨大影响力的作品。
这种文化融合不仅吸引了全球观众的关注,同时也推动了中国电影产业在国际上的声誉和地位提升。
此外,文化融合还能够创造出独特的电影风格和艺术形式。
例如,由导演希区柯克执导的电影《侠盗一号》将中国功夫与美国黑帮电影相结合,展现了一种独特的风格。
这种文化融合不仅为观众带来了新颖的视觉体验,同时也为电影创作者提供了更多创作的可能性。
总的来说,中外影视作品中的文化冲突与融合是一种重要的创作元素。
通过展现不同文化之间的碰撞与交流,这些作品不仅给观众带来了娱乐和艺术享受,同时也能够促使观众对自身文化和他人文化进行思考和反思。
浅析中西方文化的碰撞与融合一、引言在各种文化交流的过程中,由于文化背景、历史根源和所属性质等各方面的差异,文化碰撞的事例屡见不鲜。
而在当今全球化、多元化的背景下,各国应主动了解他国文化,在相互交流中理解包容,从而融会贯通。
电影《刮痧》便是文化冲突典型,该故事以亲情为主线,讲述了许大同一家在美因“刮痧”而引起误会,导致原本幸福的家庭破碎不堪,显示了中美双方未化的差异与碰撞,并以此将故事推向高潮。
但由于双方的善良、对文化的包容,许大同一家最终得以团圆,中美文化也因此得到了和谐共存与发展。
电影所讲述的故事发生在美国的圣路易斯。
主人公许大同是一位小有成就的电脑程序设计师,他来美八年、辛苦打拼,终于在美国创下了属于自己的一片小天地,并因此将父亲从中国接来养老。
电影伊始便定位在许大同的颁奖典礼,许大同在发表获奖感言时发自肺腑地说:我爱美国!我的美国梦终于实现了!随后许父因为小丹尼斯肚子疼,看不懂药品的英文使用说明的他便运用中国传统的刮痧为小丹尼斯缓解疼痛。
但一次意外使得小丹尼斯撞破了头部被送进了医院,于是小丹尼斯背后的“伤痕”被医院的大夫发现后,大夫们十分慌张,立即联系了儿童福利局。
因此,许大同被指虐待儿童,不得与儿子丹尼斯相见。
但最终在朋友昆兰的帮助下,“刮痧之谜”解开,许大同得以与儿子重聚。
二、电影中体现的中西方文化差异哲学观点在电影中的法庭辩论环节,许大同为了辩护不得不运用“七经八脉”“丹田”等中国传统医学术语向法官解释“刮痧”的原理,但对中医丝毫没有了解的法官却是一头雾水,对许大同的说辞并不信服。
而身处美国的许大同也很难从美国的教科书中找到中国传统疗法刮痧的原理解释,因而深陷困境。
电影的这一部分十分联盟鲜明地映射了中西方文化的在医学方面的潜在文化差异。
从本质上来说,中西医学思想都受到了各自哲学观点的影响,因而呈现出巨大的差异。
中国的传统医学源远流长,具有完整的理论体系。
中医这一独特的理论体系的一个重要特点就是:“天人合一”“天人相应”的整体观念。
文化冲突英语作文:文化冲突例子英语在中西跨文化交际中,文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜,严重影响了交往的顺利进行,因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因,并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力,避免文化冲突。
在中西跨文化交际中,文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜,严重影响了交往的顺利进行,因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因,并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力,避免文化冲突。
以下是小编分享的文化冲突英语作文,希望对你有所帮助!文化冲突英语作文篇一Chinese and western education differences, in a first embodiment of family education, Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive, command type on children education, planning for all children, make their area of control, and it is the child in a greenhouse model, do not pay attention to children 'independent ability training. However, the western family education are quite different, parents and children is the first in a equal status, give the child enough four-dimensional space, and pay attention to the child'sawareness and ability to stand on one's own.Secondly, Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education, Chinese education is hard education according to the school, parents and social needs, for the children of compulsory education, do not consider the feelings of children. But China is education is decided by the score of all, so long as the examination questions on the line, do not take into account the open students' thinking, execute “ chalk and talk”. Western education is take the student as the center, to develop the students' thinking as the main, more exercise students hands-on minds ability. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude, heuristic education.Two kinds of education, the final result is what? I think this is very clear, from the western country science and technology level can be seen, from the western advanced ideas can be seen. Of course, nor is this veto Oriental Education, I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together, to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Here, only put my hope in the future.中国与西方教育的差别,首先体现在家庭教育上,中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的,对孩子命令式的教育,规划孩子的一切,使他们自己的支配范围下,而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式,不注重孩子独立能力的培养。
四、近代文化论争(一)“夷夏大防”与“师夷长技”之争1、两种不同文化观之争“夷夏大防”和“师夷长技”是鸦片战争以后在士大夫阵营中较有代表性的文化观。
两种文化观都来自华夏中心主义的夷夏观,但“师夷长技”文化观的进步性表现在:它能够审时度势,以“变通”的态度对待中西所处的地位,并能够有限度的承认西方的长处。
而“夷夏大防”观却无视近代以来西方列强坚船利炮及声光化电优越的事实,较典型地表现出一部分封建士大夫顽固的文化保守性。
此两种文化观的分歧和斗争在洋务运动时期表现得较为明显,倭仁和李鸿章就是这两种对立文化观的代表人物。
2、“师夷”与“拒夷”之争1、京师同文馆之争随着洋务运动的发展,技术人才匮乏的问题日益严重。
奕 于1866年12月11日上奏朝廷,建议在同文馆内增设天文算学馆,以便培养懂得“制造轮船、机器诸法”的技术人才。
招生对象从过去只限招收十三四岁以下的八旗子弟,扩大到具有科举功名及正途出身的五品以下京外官员。
这一新方案的提出,标志着清朝中央当权的洋务派对于西方文化态度的一次重大变化,表明洋务派已正式采纳了“采西学”的文化政策。
这种做法,引起轩然大波。
于是应不应该采用西学,终于成为文化观念大辩论的公开主题。
顽固派对开设天文算学馆大加反对。
顽固派一贯视洋器、西学为邪术歪道,对设立同文馆本来就耿耿于怀,现在看到又要让有功名、有身份的人来入馆学习“夷学”,当然不能容忍。
山东道御史张盛藻上奏,指责奕 的建议是“重名利而轻气节”,如果让科甲正途人员去习西学,就会败坏“士习人心”,动摇国本。
大学士倭仁也上陈反对意见。
为了遏制顽固派掀起的反对浪潮,奕 等人也上折,再次陈述开设天文算学馆的重要性,指出倭仁散布的反对言论已经造成严重的后果。
同年杨廷熙等守旧官僚继续上书反对意见,再度掀起波澜。
杨廷熙的奏折还对总理衙门进行抨击,直接涉及清朝最高统治者。
清廷发布上谕,以严厉的语气申饬了杨廷熙,并连带责备了倭仁之非,而对奕 一派不得不来一番好言抚慰。
中西文化差异冲突的对策和建议英语作文Cultural Differences Between China and the West: Strategies and Recommendations for Conflict ResolutionIntroductionWith the increasing globalization and interconnectedness of the world, people from different cultural backgrounds are coming into contact with each other more frequently. While this diversity can lead to new opportunities and experiences, it can also create challenges and conflicts due to the differences in cultural values, beliefs, and practices. One of the most notable cultural contrasts is between China and the Western countries. In this article, we will explore the key cultural differences between China and the West and provide strategies and recommendations for conflict resolution.Key Cultural Differences1. Individualism vs. CollectivismOne of the fundamental differences between China and the West is the value placed on individualism versus collectivism. Western cultures, such as those in the United States and Europe, tend to prioritize individual rights, autonomy, andself-expression. In contrast, Chinese culture emphasizes the importance of the group and the harmony of society.2. Communication StyleChinese communication tends to be more indirect and implicit, with a focus on preserving face and maintaining harmonious relationships. Western communication, on the other hand, is more direct and explicit, with an emphasis on clarity and efficiency.3. Concept of TimeWestern cultures typically place a high value on punctuality and efficiency, with time seen as a limited resource that must be managed effectively. In contrast, Chinese culture values flexibility and adaptability, with time seen as fluid and malleable.4. Hierarchical vs. EgalitarianChinese society tends to be more hierarchical, with a clear emphasis on status and rank. Western societies, on the other hand, are more egalitarian, with a focus on equality and meritocracy.Strategies for Conflict Resolution1. Cultural Awareness and SensitivityThe first step in resolving conflicts between Chinese and Western cultures is to develop a deeper understanding of the cultural differences and how they impact communication, behavior, and relationships. By increasing cultural awareness and sensitivity, individuals can avoid misunderstandings and bridge the gap between the two cultures.2. Effective CommunicationEffective communication is essential for resolving conflicts in any cultural context. In the case of Chinese-Western interactions, it is important to strike a balance between directness and indirectness, taking into account the cultural preferences of each party. Clear and open communication, combined with active listening and empathy, can help prevent misunderstandings and build trust.3. Respect and EmpathyRespect for cultural differences and empathy for the perspectives of others are crucial for conflict resolution. Instead of imposing one's own cultural norms and values on others, individuals should strive to understand and appreciate the cultural context of the other party. By showing respect and empathy, conflicts can be de-escalated and mutual understanding can be fostered.Recommendations for Conflict Resolution1. Seek Common GroundDespite the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, there are also shared values and goals that can serve as a basis for collaboration and conflict resolution. By identifying and focusing on common ground, such as mutual respect, trust, and cooperation, individuals can overcome cultural barriers and work towards a resolution.2. Collaborative Problem-SolvingCollaborative problem-solving is an effective approach for resolving conflicts between different cultures. By engaging in open and transparent dialogue, exploring multiple perspectives, and seeking win-win solutions, individuals can address underlying issues and build sustainable relationships. In the case of Chinese-Western conflicts, a collaborative approach can help bridge the cultural divide and promote mutual understanding.3. Third-Party MediationIn cases where conflicts between Chinese and Western cultures cannot be resolved through direct communication, third-party mediation can be a valuable option. A neutral mediator with expertise in cross-cultural communication canhelp facilitate dialogue, clarify misunderstandings, and guide the parties towards a mutually acceptable resolution. By involving a mediator, individuals can overcome cultural barriers and reach a sustainable agreement.ConclusionConflicts between Chinese and Western cultures are inevitable in the globalized world. By recognizing the key cultural differences, developing strategies for conflict resolution, and implementing recommendations for mutual understanding, individuals can navigate these cultural divides and build harmonious relationships. With cultural awareness, effective communication, respect, empathy, and collaborativeproblem-solving, conflicts can be resolved, and bridges can be built between China and the West.。
中西文化的矛盾中国与西方在文化上的差异是多方面的,从价值观点、传统风俗到思想方式,都有差异。
一、失败的社交某留学生初到美国,不久被朋友请去参加一个party,他准时抵达,但却发现很多人都徐徐来迟,穿得也很随意。
在聚会上,有几种饮料和一些简单的食品,可是没有什么像样的菜。
聚会上熟人极少,好不简单见到了朋友马克,于是与他交谈起来,谈了大概十来分钟,马克说他要和另一个朋友去恋恋,就走开了,这位留学生特别绝望。
聚会的主人把他介绍给一两个人,而后就不再论他了。
两个钟头此后,他拖故走开,回到家,他仍是很饿,不得不煮些方便面嘱。
他信心此后不再去参加这种聚会了。
(可附外教在中国之二三事 )二、风俗的差异有一年,荷兰有位嘉宾到中国接见,安排他的夫人观光幼儿园。
那一天下着毛毛小雨,她抵达幼儿园门口时,看见一群孩子站得笔挺,在门口迎接她,她看到这些感觉很不舒畅。
接着观光幼儿园的教室,进去后。
每一个五六岁的孩子都背着手,面部表情十分严肃。
她很快结束了观光。
归国后,她请我到她家里看她拍的观光幼儿园的幻灯片,说这是此次接见感觉最不舒畅的事,下着雨,为何还要让孩子到门口来 ?为何孩子都是这样正直地坐着,五六岁的孩子应当是特别俏皮的,吵喧华闹是正常的,那才像幼儿园。
我想幼儿园的老师,为了做到次序井然,必定做了大批的工作,认为这才是有礼貌的文明表现。
而就欧洲人的思想方式来说是很难理解的。
美国教师和学生在教室里站立和坐着的姿势明显与我国师生不一样。
我们观光他们的小学,经常感觉学生在讲堂上太随意、缺少纪律,七颠八倒,站没有站相,坐没有坐相,老师管教不严。
英佳人观光我们的学校,又会认为中国教师对学生管得太死,学生没有什么自由。
这里既波及到教育思想,又与文化背景相关。
我们强召集体、纪律、合作,他们重申个人、自由、发展自我。
在大学的讲堂上,美国教师有时坐在讲桌边上与学生一同议论,这在我们看来有些合体统,但美国教师的想法是在讲堂上创建一种自由自在的自由议论的氛围。
The Cultural conflicts in American and China&Its Influence on Intercultural Business Negotiation杨范婷Abstract: Culture is a distinguishing feature of a nation. Usually we divide culture into eastern and western categories. As the representative of eastern and westernculture, China and America have a lot of incongruities in terms of cultural valueswhich have deep influences on international business negotiation. This thesisaims to analyze the main cultural differences of the target countries using fourcultural dimensions on five processes of cross-cultural business negotiation.After a general view of these theories I suggest some negotiating strategiesand tactics to solve Sino-US cultural conflict appearing on the negotiatingtable.摘要:文化是一个民族的基本特征,通常我们把文化分为西方文化和东方文化。
作为中西文化的典范—中国和美国在文化价值观上有着千丝万缕的差别,而这种差异又对两国间的国际商务谈判有着深远的影响。
身份差别,
交流高低语境
文化差异
In this case,we saw there has a conflicts between ZhaXin who is a language teacher and Frances Howard who is a media specialist.I identified this as a cultural conflict.culture conflicts is a state of discord caused by the significant patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures. Anyway,there are many reasons leading to this phenomenon. The two sides have different identities, different historical backgrounds,will inevitably bring about people's thinking,behavior,and many other differences and even conflicts.But,the study of its fundamental,to my way of thinking,this case mostly indicated that the difference between high and low-context communication is one of the major sources of confusion,frustration and misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication.
Now let us have a specific look at the case.
To find the answer,first we should look at who are the two characters of the case. Absolutely one person is ZhaXin and another one is Frances Howard. We noticed that They have different career ——language teacher and media specialist. Winston Churchill once said“We shape our buildings and they in turn shape us”.well,I think the career is same. We chosen our profession and
profession have an important influence back in the formation of character and the way of thinking,behaving. obviously,they can bot be brought to view the
same thing in the same light. So what is the meaning of films for zhaxin and Frances?How very differently
they feel ! Zhaxin thought Films are just seen as a tool for leaning English which is entirely different to Frances. As a media specialist,films is more than just a job it is the fruition of a dream,a Sacred treasures.Films bring us joy and magic,what is more important,we can learn some thing from films. This difference caused they have a different focus. When talk about films,what is zhaxin pay attention to is whether it can improve student’s English listening comprehension or not. By contrast,when Frances had films class she want students make comments about theme or filmmaking techniques.Her start point is being a media specialist.Frances want to have a Film appreciation course. Different career determines different concerns and different viewpoints.
Second,historical backgrounds also have become the obstacle of communication. Zhaxin living in China and speak Chinese. While Frances living in U.S and speak English. Zhaxin seemed to take it for granted that the way of teaching language to America students is as same as to Chinese students. There has
a Understanding Deviation in the concept of film festival. Frances think festival is a grand occasion .what disappointed her is the student even don‘t know the schedule for the film festival. While zhaxin think it is a casual activity.
Third,the bottom line is the case indicated the impact of grid culture and inside/outside culture. And further react the problem of high and low-context communication. American culture is toward the lower end of scale.while Chinese culture is on the high-context end of the scale.。