语法-英文中的三种语气

二十.虚拟语气一、语气的种类语气有三种：陈述语气、虚拟语气、祈使语气。

虚拟语气，表示说话人的假设、猜测、建议或愿望，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气可出现在单独的一个句子和所有从句中；虚拟条件可由从句、介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词、副词乃至于名词等表示。

二、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1. if条件从句中的用法①表示与现在事实相反的假设从句谓语动词用过去式（be 动词的过去式正式用法一律用were），主句动词用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。

If I were rich, I would buy that car.若我有钱，我就买那辆车。

If I had a car, I should be very happy.若我有一辆车，我会很快乐。

If you asked him, he might tell you.如果你问他，他会告诉你。

★在虚拟语气中，should, would, could, might的区别：主句中，一人称可用would,也可用should,没有意义区别。

前者表“肯定、必然”的结果，后者主要用于英国并可表“应该”含义。

could表“能力、允许、可能性”，might仅仅表“可能性”，且语气弱。

②表示与过去事实相反的假设从句谓语动词用过去完成式，主句用“should / would / could/might + have +过去分词” If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.如果我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话了。

If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.如果他抓点紧的话，他就会赶上火车了。

If he had been there, he would have helped you.如果他在那儿的话，他会帮助你的。

英文句子三语气，陈述祈使和虚拟.一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

1.陈述语气陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！2.祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。

Come this way, please! 请这边走。

Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。

3.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！二、条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理；有be一律变成were, 我酷卖书主中坐；在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，其构成有三种形式：与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语：were did , 主句的谓：would (couldshouldmight) + do与过去事实相反if条件句的谓语：had done , 主句的谓：would(couldshouldmight) + havedone与将来事实相反if条件句的谓语：did/ were ,主句的谓：(could should might) + dowere to do1．表示与现在事实相反的条件条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义09【精讲版·全国通用】英语的语气与虚拟语气知识点总结英语的语气与虚拟语气■关于动词的语气动词的语气与我们日常生活中说的“语气”有所不同，比如我们平常说的“委婉语气”“怀疑的语气”“生硬的语气”“害怕的语气”等等，这与“动词的语气”均没有关系。

动词的语气是动词的一种形式。

根据说话意图的不同，动词需要不同的形式，这就是所谓的语气（mood）。

关于语气的分类，不同的语法学有不同的看法，有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气四种，有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三种（即将“疑问语气”并在“陈述语气”之中）。

■关于陈述语气陈述语气(indicative mood)用于陈述事实或提出看法。

英语中的句子绝大部分都是陈述语气。

我们在谈论时态和语态时，都主要是指陈述语气的动词变化。

如：He did very well in the examination. 他考得很好。

She heard the front door shut. 她听见大门给关上了。

I wonder if I might use your phone. 不知可否用一下你的电话。

He lived there happily for a year. 他在那儿愉快地居住了一年。

■关于疑问语气疑问语气(interrogative mood)用于提出问题。

英语中的疑问句均属于疑问语气。

如：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人?Why are you so nervous? 你为什么这样紧张？What did you do that for? 你做这个干什么?How many windows are broken? 打破了多少扇窗户?Why don’t you think more about other people?你怎么就不多为别人着想呢?■关于祈使语气祈使语气(imperative mood)用于提出命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。

高中英语语法——虚拟语气知识点讲解及巩固练习题含答案1. 英语中的三种语气英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。

2. 非真实条件句的虚拟语气条件从句主句过去had done would/should/might/could/ought to have done现在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/ought to do将来1、did2、should do3、were to dowould/should/might/could/ought to do巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：MS COW(奶牛女士)：might, should, could, ought to, would 2.1. 与过去事实相反1). If I had had much money at that time, I would have bought you what you want.2). If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.3). If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.4). We wouldn’t have succ eeded if it had not been for their help.5). If you had been here yesterday, you would have met the film star.6). If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.7). If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.8). If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.9). If you had worked a little harder, you could have passed the final examination.10). If they had invited her to the party, she would have attended it.2.2.与现在事实相反1). If I were you, I would go there at once.2). If my classmates were here, they would help me.3). If I were you, I would accept the job.4). If classes were smaller, children would learn more.5). If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.6). If I had enough money, I would buy a large house.7). If I had time, I would go shopping with you.8). If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.9). If he were here now, we would ask him about it.10). If I had time, I would study French.11). If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道)12). If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。

虚拟语气的三种时态表格虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊时态，用来表示假设、愿望、建议、要求等非真实情况。

虚拟语气一共有三种时态：过去、现在和将来，分别用来表示对过去、现在和将来的假设情况。

接下来我们将分别介绍虚拟语气的三种时态，并举例说明其用法。

1.过去虚拟语气过去虚拟语气表示对过去情况的假设，通常由"would/could/should/might+have+过去分词"构成。

这种虚拟语气常用于表示对过去事实的想象或推测。

例如：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我当时学习更努力，我就会通过考试了。

）- If he had gone to bed early, he might not have been late for work.（如果他昨晚早点睡觉，他也许就不会迟到了。

）2.现在虚拟语气现在虚拟语气表示对现在情况的假设，通常由"would/could/should/might+动词原形"构成。

这种虚拟语气常用于表示对现在事实的假设或建议。

例如：- If I were you, I would take the job offer.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。

）- If she had more time, she could finish the project by herself.（如果她有更多时间，她可以自己完成这个项目。

）3.将来虚拟语气将来虚拟语气表示对将来情况的假设，通常由"would/could/should/might+动词原形"构成。

这种虚拟语气常用于表示对将来事实的假设或期望。

例如：- If it were to rain tomorrow, we would have to cancelthe picnic.（如果明天下雨的话，我们就得取消野餐了。

语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如: Open the door, please。

请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。

)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

现将虚拟条件从should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。

如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。

英语语法总结虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do （动词原形）If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didn't know your telephone number.)If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：(1) If + should + v., ... would + v. （可能性很小）（译作“万一”）If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v. （完全不可能）If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重点［简单联想记忆］：●下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud 在美国英语中要省略（TOEFL语法考点）。

衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义语气的三种类别（直陈、祈使、虚拟）常考知识点总结整理英语语法：语气（Mood）是一种动词形式，随着说话人意图的不同，动词需要用不同的语气。

英语中有三种语气：01. 直陈语气（Indicative Mood）表示所说的话是一种事实，动词可用各种时态。

如：I think your approach is correct.我认为你的方法是正确的。

The situation could still be remedied.局面还有挽回的余地。

How many steps go through from raw materials to products?从原料到成品需要多少工序？例题：1. Miss Wu has taught in the school .A. for ten yearsB. ten years agoC. since ten years【答案选A】句子的谓语动词用的是现在完成时，而ten years ago 用于一般过去时，所以B 不能选；for后面跟一段时间，since后跟时间起点。

2. I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A. More thanB. As far asC. IfD. Unless【答案选B】逗号前后并非表示条件、让步关系，也不是用来加强语气。

应用as far as I can see 来缓和语气，表示“在我看来，只有一种可能脱离危险的办法”。

02. 祈使语气（Imperative Mood）表示说话人向对方提出请求或命令等，动词可用原形。

如：Don't make a noise.别出声。

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