简明英国文学史

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（⽂艺复兴与莎⼠⽐亚英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学）【圣才出品】第3章英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学1.How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key:The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning1558-1603),who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics.It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state.In 1588the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over theworld,including America and other distant countries.They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2.What does the word“Renaissance”mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period? Key:Renaissance is a French word,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,and in this particular context,it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England,at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the15th and16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science.They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began inthe14th century in Italy and later spread to France,Spain,Holland and other western European countries.This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3.Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key:Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)was the most prominent humanist of this period,and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession.He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp,who has seen a place called Utopia,or“Land of Nowhere”,where communism is adopted as the social system,education is offered to all people,including women,and religious differences are tolerated.It presents More’s ideal of the best possible government form.And since then the word“Utopia”has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key:Spenser’s major literary work is The Faerie Queene.(1)It is an allegorical romance in verse.According to his plan,there should be 12books,each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen,Gloria,who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2)According to his contemporary thought,the virtuous man knows how togovern himself,and thus is qualified to govern others.(3)In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4)But Spenser only managed to finish six books,in which the six virtues of Truth,Temperance,Friendship,Justice,Chastity,and Courtesy are presented./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html more writers(poets and playwrights)of this period and tell what you know about them.Key:(List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6.What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key:Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works,which have become great wealth of human being.7.Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare?Discuss one of his plays. Key:Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus,written in blank verse,is Marlowe’s masterpiece.The story is taken from a medieval German legend,but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’pursuits.Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge(theology,philosophy,medicine and law),he turns to magic to seek the supernatural.Finally he succeeds in raisingMephistophilis,the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him,by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court,marrying Helen of Greece,and so on.And in exchange for all these services done for him,he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil.He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis.But,he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power,as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction,his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8.What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution?And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key:“Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare.(1)Jonson’s theory of“humours”reduces his characters to types,who represent greed,vanity,falsehood,etc.They are flat,one-sided and have no development.Unlike him,Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations.(2)Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters,strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic,while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience,and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by hispredecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.However,Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare,and as a good playwright and a learned man himself,he also admired his rival.。

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国⽂学⼩说的兴起）【圣才出品】第9章⼩说的兴起1.Discuss the social and historical elements that promoted the birth of the modern novel in England.Key:There are several factors that promote the rise and the first flowering of the English novel.First,as we’ve said in the previous section,in the18th century science and technology developed fast,and printing grew as one of the most prosperous trades.Therefore,books were quickly printed and in comparatively larger numbers.Second,with the growth of capitalist economy,the middle class grew strong to become the dominant element in all the aspects of social,political and economic life of England.And with it an urban economy also came into being. Big cities like London increased in number in the country and farmers or the agricultural population swarmed into the city to gradually settle down as traders, servants,workers and apprentices.These new settlers in the cities formed a reading public that badly needed to improve themselves and they provided the necessity and possibility of the flourish of a book market.Third,with the development of industry,women were deprived of their previous opportunities of spinning and weaving at home.Without a way to earn a living,women who failed to marry into a family with secure financial means to support them were forced to work as maids,or became thieves,prostitutes orkept women in the cities.These women,no matter as an idle wife of a rich man,or as a servant girl,joined the public readers and some of them even became writers themselves who sold popular literary works to earn a living.Thus,by mid-18th century,a large book market had been established in England that sold reading stuff of all kinds,from journals and newspapers,political pamphlets,conduct books,travel guides,manuals for house decoration,ghost stories,romances,etc. to serious literature of poetry,drama and prose work written by classical masters like Swift and Johnson.2.Discuss Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a typical middle-class novel.Key:Readers of China are mostly familiar with this novel.In the past we emphasised Crusoe’s imperialist and capitalist side,because Marx says in his On the Capital that Crusoe is the typical representative of the rising capitalist class whose sole interest is to expand and exploit,and in Crusoe’s adventures we see how capital is accumulated at the early stage of capitalism.While what Marx says is correct,he only sees the story from a political and economic point of view.As a literary figure,Crusoe is more than just a money-grabbing capitalist and colonialist.He also shows many positive sides of the rising middle class,such as the love for labor,the industrious and thrifty life style,courage to explore strange lands,a curiosity to know the world,and the strong desire to test one’s own strength and establish one’s individual identity.3.What kind of novel did Richardson write?And discuss his two major novels toshow your points.Key:All Richardson’s novels and writings preach the Puritan ideology of hard work,honesty,thrift,industry,and,most of all,the importance of living a virtuous life.For example,his Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady.In Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded,Pamela grew up into a beautiful and virtuous young woman with good taste and refined manners,getting through many hardships and threats,and finally she is married to his young master Mr.B, which indicates that her virtue is rewarded. In Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady,unlike Pamela in birth,Clarissa Harlowe was the daughter of a rich merchant.She was both beautiful and virtuous and had her own share of wealth given to her by her grandfather.But such a young lady could not choose to marry a man she liked and respected,for her father and brother forced her to marry a rich but disgusting and vulgar merchant,in order to merge the property and wealth of the two families.To escape the hatedmarriage,Clarissa,inexperienced and innocent,fell into the hands of a rake Mr.Lovelace and was deceived and kidnapped to a brothel,and later drugged and raped.Although afterwards Lovelace realised his true feelings for Clarissa and proposed marriage,the virtuous girl could neither forgive him nor herself for harboring illusions toward a rake.Finally,she sought a slow suicidal death and wrote her own story as a warning to all the young women.4.How did Fielding name his panoramic novels?What are the main features of his novels?Key:Fielding named his panoramic novels“comic epic in prose”.Epics are usually written in verse,and the subjects are always adventures and heroic deeds of the heroes of noble birth.But here Fielding tells us that he has written a prose work with the epic scope and power,but the main protagonists are common people and even people of the low social status.This is a real revolution in the Western literary history in which literary genres abide by a rather strict rule of levels of style.Although Parson Adams and Joseph are still comic roles,they are no longer minor characters,but the centre of the story.In this experiment of Fielding’s,the new novel has paved way to the more realistic representation of common people’s experiences in the19th century.5.Why do we say that Tristram Shandy is a strange and difficult novel?In what way does this novel anticipate the postmodern novel tendencies?Key:We have several reasons to call Tristram Shandy experimental and difficult. First,it is perhaps the first English novel that does not respect the plot’s time sequence.Second,the book is made difficult by Sterne with a lot of typographical oddities.And third,he has employed a lot of sexual jokes such as his own unfortunate accidents during his mother’s conception of him and later the doctor’s crushing of his nose.Sterne is the first novelist who anticipates the postmodern violation of the temporal sequence of a narrative.。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
（原创版）
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的使用方法与价值
4.总结
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一部针对英国文学史的参考书，旨在帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学的发展历程和重要作品。

这本书涵盖了从古代到现代英国文学史上的主要流派、作家和作品，对于学生学习和研究英国文学具有很高的参考价值。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这本书的内容非常全面。

它按照时间顺序，系统地介绍了英国文学史上的各个时期和重要作家，涵盖了诗歌、小说、戏剧等文学形式，同时还对文学作品的社会背景、思想内容和艺术特点进行了详细的分析。

其次，这本书的结构非常清晰。

全书分为 25 章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记，总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是课后习题答案，对该书的课后思考题进行了详细解答。

这种编排方式有利于学生系统地学习和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

此外，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记在讲解文学作品时，还注重引入相关的背景知识和历史背景，使得学生能够更好地理解作品的产生和发展，加深对英国文学史的理解。

在使用刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记时，学生可以按照笔记的章节顺序进行学习和复习，也可以根据自身的兴趣和需求选择性地进行阅读。

同时，笔记中的课后习题答案可以帮助学生检验自己的学习成果，及时发现和弥补自己的知识漏洞。

五分钟，教你搞懂几千年的英国文学史！一提到英国文学史很多人就会联想到最具代表的大师们莎士比亚勃朗特三姐妹……可以说从上古及中世纪——新古典主义时期从浪漫主义时期——维多利亚时期以及现代时期数风流人物我就记得这几个$#%*...#￥&...#$%*...**$%*&当然作为英专党英国文学史上的大牛们我没有成功记住他们以及代表作一定不是因为我真的不感兴趣一定是因为我和他们么有缘分一定是因为没有考神君给你们记忆秘籍！考神君教你！简单弄明白！几千年的英国文学史马起来，期末复习用得上还没学到？收藏下来没得跑！英国文学主要分五个阶段：①②上古及中世纪的英国文学③新古典主义时期④浪漫主义时期⑤维多利亚时期以及现代时期古英语时期古英语时期从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

最重要的诗人是被称为'英国诗歌之父'的乔叟,代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，取得了很高的艺术成就。

他首创了诗歌的双韵体，每两行压韵的五步抑扬格，后被许多英国诗人采用。

乔叟用伦敦方言写作，奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础，促进了英语语言文学的发展。

文艺复兴时期文艺复新时期，是中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始，是从十五世纪到十七世纪，人文主义是其精神所在，那个时期涌现的作家有莎士比亚，培根，马洛，斯宾塞，约翰弥尔顿。

文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展，在诗歌,散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。

诗歌方面，新的诗体形式如十四行诗，无韵体诗被介绍到英国。

重要的诗人有Philip Sidney，他不仅写了许多优美的十四行诗，还创作了最早的诗歌理论作品之一《诗辩》。

英国文学源‎远流长，经‎历了长期、‎复杂的发展‎演变过程。

‎在这个过程‎中，文学本‎体以外的各‎种现实的、‎历史的、政‎治的、文化‎的力量对文‎学发生着影‎响，文学内‎部遵循自身‎规律，历经‎盎格鲁-撒‎克逊、文艺‎复兴、新古‎典主义、浪‎漫主义、现‎实主义、现‎代主义等不‎同历史阶段‎。

下面对英‎国文学的发‎展过程作一‎概述。

‎一、中世‎纪文学（约‎5世纪-1‎485）‎英国最‎初的文学同‎其他国家最‎初的文学一‎样，不是书‎面的，而是‎口头的。

故‎事与传说口‎头流传，并‎在讲述中不‎断得到加工‎、扩展，最‎后才有写本‎。

公元5世‎纪中叶，盎‎格鲁、撒克‎逊、朱特三‎个日耳曼部‎落开始从丹‎麦以及现在‎的荷兰一带‎地区迁入不‎列颠。

盎格‎鲁-撒克逊‎时代给我们‎留下的古英‎语文学作品‎中，最重要‎的一部是《‎贝奥武甫》‎（Beow‎u lf），‎它被认为是‎英国的民族‎史诗。

《贝‎奥武甫》讲‎述主人公贝‎尔武甫斩妖‎除魔、与火‎龙搏斗的故‎事，具有神‎话传奇色彩‎。

这部作品‎取材于日耳‎曼民间传说‎，随盎格鲁‎-撒克逊人‎入侵传入今‎天的英国，‎现在我们所‎看到的诗是‎8世纪初由‎英格兰诗人‎写定的，当‎时，不列颠‎正处于从中‎世纪异教社‎会向以基督‎教文化为主‎导的新型社‎会过渡的时‎期。

因此，‎《贝奥武甫‎》也反映了‎7、8世纪‎不列颠的生‎活风貌，呈‎现出新旧生‎活方式的混‎合，兼有氏‎族时期的英‎雄主义和封‎建时期的理‎想，体现了‎非基督教日‎耳曼文化和‎基督教文化‎两种不同的‎传统。

‎公元10‎66年，居‎住在法国北‎部的诺曼底‎人在威廉公‎爵率领下越‎过英吉利海‎峡，征服英‎格兰。

诺曼‎底人占领英‎格兰后，封‎建等级制度‎得以加强和‎完备，法国‎文化占据主‎导地位，法‎语成为宫廷‎和上层贵族‎社会的语言‎。

这一时期‎风行一时的‎文学形式是‎浪漫传奇，‎流传最广的‎是关于亚瑟‎王和圆桌骑‎士的故事。

英国文学史简介英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。

下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。

一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。

故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。

公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。

《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。

这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。

因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。

公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。

诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。

这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。

《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。

传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
【原创实用版】
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象
4.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的价值和意义
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款针对英国文学史的复习资料，其目的是帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

这款笔记的内容非常丰富，不仅梳理了英国文学史的脉络，还总结了各个时期的重要作家、作品和文学现象。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这款笔记按照英国文学史的时期划分，从古英语时期到现代英国文学，系统地介绍了英国文学史的发展历程。

每个时期都有详细的作家介绍、作品分析和文学现象解读，让学生对英国文学史有一个全面而系统的认识。

其次，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记总结了各个时期的重要作家和作品，方便学生查阅和记忆。

每个作家的作品都有详细的简介和分析，让学生能够深入理解作品的主题、形式和艺术特色。

再次，这款笔记还提供了大量的课后习题和答案，帮助学生巩固所学知识点。

每个章节都有对应的复习笔记和课后习题，让学生在复习过程中能够及时检测自己的学习效果，找出自己的薄弱环节进行针对性地加强。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象主要是英语专业的本科生和研究生，以及准备英国文学史相关考试的学生。

这款笔记的内容详实，
既适合初学者入门学习，也适合有一定基础的学生进行深入研究和复习。

总之，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款非常有价值的英国文学史学习资料。

它不仅内容丰富，而且条理清晰，能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

英国文学史概括英国文学史概括第一个时期： Old English， Middle English and Chaucer，古英国，中世纪和乔叟，这个时期的文学作品主要以诗歌为主，需要关注的是乔叟和他的《坎特伯雷故事集》。

第二个时期：文艺复兴时期，这个时期的文学作品以戏剧为主，需要关注的是莎士比亚和他的悲剧，喜剧以及历史剧。

第三个时期：浪漫主义时期，这个时期的文学作品以散文诗为主，雪莱，济慈和威廉布雷克等人都是这个时期的代表诗人。

他们的作品包括夜莺颂等。

第四个时期：维多利亚时期，这个时期是散文诗渐渐退出，小说逐渐兴起的时期，该时期的诗人著名的有罗伯特布朗宁，阿尔弗莱德等。

但更为著名的是狄更斯和勃朗特姐妹的小说，代表作有《雾都孤儿》和《呼啸山庄》等第五个时期：现代主义时期，这个时期的文学作品主要是小说，各个流派粉墨登场，有现实主义的，有荒诞派的，还有意识流。

爱尔兰的文学家叶芝，乔伊斯都是这个时代的代表人物。

乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》是意识流的代表之作。

同属意识流的还有女作家弗吉尼亚伍尔芙，代表作《到灯塔去》。

第六个时期：当代：主要指20世纪80年代之后到现在的这个时期，该时期的文学作品很难入到评论家的法眼，主要特征是内容多为快餐文化，不能称为经典。

但这个时期的电影艺术发展非常迅速，有很多电影剧本都堪称佳作，不难看出，文学史的车轮经过诗歌——戏剧——小说的变迁后，下一站很有可能是电影。

以上纯属原创，转载请标明出处，谢谢英国文学史目录！PrefaceThe Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066IntroductionThe Venerable Bede and Caedmon King Alfred the GreatBeowulfThe Exeter BookThe Medieval Period 1066 -1485 IntroductionMedieval RomanceFolk BalladsJohn Wycliffe and William Langland Drama in the Middle AgesGeoffrey ChaucerThe Elizabethan Age 1485-1625 IntroductionThomas MoreSir Philip SidneyEdmund SpenserChrisher Marlowe and Sir Walter Raleigh Minor PlaywrightsWilliam ShakespeareFrancis BaconKing James BibleThe Seventeenth Century 1625-1700 IntrodutionBen Jonson and the Cavalier Poets John Donne and the Metaphysical Poets John MiltonJohn BunyanJohn DrydenThe Age of Neo-Classici *** 1700-1764 IntroductionAlexander PopeJonathan SwiftRichard Steele and Joseph AddisonSamuel Johnson and James BoswellThe Novel of the Eighteenth CenturyDaniel DefoeSamuel RichardsonHenry FieldingTobias SmollettLaurence SterneOliver Gold *** ithPre-Romantic Period 1764-1798IntroductionHorace WalpoleAnn RadcliffeThomas GrayRobert BurnsWilliam BlakeThe Romantic Age 1798-1837IntroductionWilliam WordsworthSamuel Taylor Coleridge……The Victorian Age 1837-1901The Modernist Age 1901-1945The Postmodern Period 1945-Present BibliographyIndex……关于英国文学史刘柄善的那本《英国文学史》上说，维多利亚时期是英国现实主义小说的巅峰时期，代表人物就是狄更斯，而当时英国之所以掀起现实主义风潮，则是因为此前的18世纪到19世纪初期，浪漫主义风靡英国，雪莱，济慈等人的诗歌风花雪月，让人一时忘却了现实，但随着浪漫褪去，人们又重归现实，于是狄更斯等人的现实主义作品，如《雾都孤儿》，《大卫科波菲尔》等书得以广为流传。

1. Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. 头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。

2. Assonance: The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.类韵：在诗歌中相同或相似元音的重复，它的目的主要是用来使句子悦耳动听或用来强调某个音。

3. Autobiography: A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.自传：一个人对他或她自己生活的描述，自传是一种叙述性的文体，多包含回忆性的描写。

4. Ballad: A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many countries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have no known authors. They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language. A later form of ballad is the literary ballad, which imitates the style of the folk ballad.民谣：民谣是一种做诗配唱的故事。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记【中英文实用版】English:Liu Yiqing"s concise history of British literature is a gem that offers a glimpse into the rich tapestry of literary works that have emerged from the United Kingdom.From the early Middle English period, with its unique blend of Latin and Old English influences, to the Renaissance, which saw the rise of great literary minds such as Shakespeare and Marlowe, the evolution of British literature is traced in meticulous detail.中文：刘意青的简明英国文学史笔记就像一颗瑰宝，让我们得以窥见英国文学丰富多样的作品。

从早期中古英语时期，其独特的拉丁语和古英语影响，到文艺复兴时期，我们看到莎士比亚和马洛等伟大文学家的崛起，英国文学的演变在详细细致的描述中被勾勒出来。

English:The notebook also highlights the romantic era, characterized by its emotional intensity and focus on individual experiences, as well as the victorian age, known for its exploration of social issues and moral dilemmas.Liu Yiqing"s notes provide a fascinating insight into how these periods have shaped the literary landscape of the UK, and how they continue to influence contemporary writers.中文：笔记还突出了浪漫主义时期，其特点是对情感强度和个体经验的关注，以及维多利亚时代，以其探讨社会问题和道德困境而闻名。

简明英国文学史笔记整理
英国文学史可以追溯到古罗马时期，从那时起就有大量的古典文献流传下来。

十七世纪开始，英国文学便进入了一个重要的发展阶段，此时出现了一批重要的文学作家，如莎士比亚、乔叟等。

十八世纪是伊丽莎白时期，英国文学出现了多面性的发展，此时出现的文学作家有荒诞主义创始人博罗斯基、浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯等。

19世纪英国文学发展迅速，出现了大量伟大的作家，如狄更斯、奥斯卡王尔德、萧伯纳等。

20世纪，现代主义文学派站稳脚跟，英国文学又有了新的发展，让许多伟大的作家如福克纳、厄普代克等留下了众多精彩的文学作品。

英国文学史（启蒙运动时期）这个部分讲启蒙运动（The Enlightenment Movement）时期的文学，还是照常，先提历史和文学背景，看看英国什么情况。

一、历史背景18世纪的英国，刚刚经历过资产阶级革命，也就是光荣革命（1688），光荣革命制宪，英国政体由君主专制转化为君主立宪，大权从国王手中落到了议会手上，资本主义发展迅速，资产阶级地位很高，而且18世纪英国开始了工业革命，在思想上面强调理性，这也是启蒙的主旨，那么文学上也会发生相应的改变，上个时期主要是德莱顿的古典主义文学时期，启蒙运动一开，文学基本就变为宣扬思想的武器，随着启蒙的深入，作家们也开始逐渐抛弃这种文学风格。

当然，18世纪初期古典主义还是在的，但是受启蒙思想的影响，古典主义变成了新古典主义（Neo-classicism），代表人物就是亚历山大·蒲伯（Alexander Pope），这货受德莱顿影响很大，后面具体说。

同时，这一时期有另一种文学体裁出现了，就是随着17世纪的报刊文学（大多都是写实小说）的发展，到了18世纪，逐渐演变成了小说，可以说是原来散文的一种变体。

这个时期的小说一般是现实主义小说，这些玩意都具有启蒙性质，初期的现实注意小说流浪汉题材（Picaresque Novel）很流行90，诗歌方面就是依旧是英雄双行体（heroic couplet）这种诗歌形式，始于乔叟，中间又经马洛、斯宾塞发展，最后到蒲伯手里有个完善。

戏剧上面那，过去都是以无韵诗为体的戏剧，18世纪改用偶句诗，时间地点格式上得到了统一。

总的来说18世纪的文学可以分为三个阶段：第一阶段主要新古典主义文学+报刊文学（就是写在报纸上的那种散文性质的文章）+现实主义小说，第二阶段：现实主义小说得到巨大发展，第三阶段，由于启蒙运动搞革命没有出现启蒙思想家想象中的理想社会，整个英国陷入一种充满悲观情绪的状态，这个时候感伤主义文学（Sentimentalism）和前浪漫主义时期（Pre-Romanticism）到来。

英国文学史简介谁给我说说英国文学史大致分为哪几个时期，每个时期的代表作家或诗人，他们的代表作是什么，是哪个派别的，大概归纳一下，快要考试了，考外研社出版的《英国文学史及选读》，一二册全考。

回答有用追加100分一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。

故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。

公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。

二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。

文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。

托马斯·莫尔（thomas more，1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。

《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。

文艺复兴时期诗歌创作繁荣，埃德蒙·斯宾塞（edmund spenser，1552-1599）的长诗《仙后》（the faerie queene）歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想。

他创造的"斯宾塞诗体"每节诗有九行，韵律复杂，具有柔和动听、萦绕耳际的音乐性。

弗兰西斯·培根（francis bacon，1561-1626）是这一时期最重要的散文家，他对文学的主要贡献是《论说文集》（essays），共58篇。

英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家是威廉·莎士比亚，他的全部作品包括两首长诗，154首十四行诗和38部（一说39部）戏剧。

三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿（john milton，1608-1674）的长诗《失乐园》（paradise lost）和《复乐园》（paradise regained）、诗剧《力士参孙》（samson agonistes）。

英国文学史简介英国文学史简介楼主一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。

故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。

公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。

《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。

这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。

因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。

二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。

文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。

托马斯·莫尔（Thomas more， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。

utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。

《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（the new Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（gulliver's travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（erewhon）一直延续到20世纪的科幻小说。

英国文学简史_概述中文翻译1、大不列颠人（英国人）在开始学习英国文学史之前，了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。

英国这个民族是一个混血族。

早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落，我们现在称它为大不列颠人。

大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛，凯尔特人是其原始居民。

他们分为几十个小部落，每个部落都以小屋群居为主。

“最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力”。

英国人曾生活在部落社会。

2、罗马人的占领在公元前55年，大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵，而这是的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。

但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时，就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击，随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪，直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。

伴随着罗马人的侵略占领，罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。

罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。

而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了，大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。

罗马人的占领持续了将近400年，在这期间，罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路，这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。

沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇，伦敦就是其中之一，开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。

罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。

但是在15世纪初期，罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。

公元410年，所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。

因此，也标志这罗马人占领的结束。

3、英国人的占领同时，大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。

他们是来自北欧的三个部落：盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人民族。

这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路，把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部，然后自己定居下来。

朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。

撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区，并建立起像韦塞克斯，埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。

盎格鲁人席卷了东部中部地区，并在东英吉利亚建立王国。

七个像这样的王国在大不列颠岛上逐渐出现。

到公元7世纪，这些小王国开始合并成为今天称为英格兰的统一王国，或被称作盎格鲁人之国。

Quiz (1)1.The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of thispeople called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人，Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做Briton（不列颠人）的分支。

但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰居住。

2.The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. Theymoved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。

他们搬到不列颠群岛，成为英国人的祖先。

3.The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which tookplace in the year 1066.古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。

4.The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the Englishpeople to Catholicism.罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，使英国人皈依天主教。

two poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手) 6.Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place on theContinent before they moved to the British Isles.贝奥武甫（Beowulf）是一首头韵体裁的史诗，它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之前发生的事件。

Early and Medieval English Literature(449-1485)英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊（The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066）和中古英语（The Middle English Period,1066-1485）两个时期。

公元前八九世纪高卢（Gaul,今法国）人迁入不列颠岛，成为英国最早的居民。

公元1世纪至410年，英伦三岛为罗马人占领。

449年开始，北欧日耳曼部族的朱特人（Jutes）、盎格鲁人（Angles）和撒克逊人（Saxons）陆续入侵不列颠。

他们的语言——盎格鲁-撒克逊语（Anglo-Saxon）或古英语（Old English）——也开始广为传播。

597年，奥古斯丁（Saint Augustine,?-604）率40余名修士来到英格兰传教，基督教开始在不列颠岛盛行。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时代最重要的文学作品是长达3 000多行的头韵史诗《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf,700-750）,讲述了一个斯堪的纳维亚的民间传说。

古英语散文的杰出代表是比德（the Venerable Bede,673-735）的《英吉利人民宗教史》（Ecclesiastical History of the English People,731-732）,其中包括英国第一宗教诗人开德蒙（Caedmon）充满神奇色彩的生平事迹。

该作品用拉丁文写成，后译成英文，是了解早期英国历史的珍贵史料。

公元891年，韦塞克斯(Wessex)国王艾尔弗雷德（Alfred，849-901）开始组织修士汇编《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle),后人一直续编至1154年。

这是第一部用英语写成的散文巨著，文风简约、质朴，对英国散文的发展产生了深远的影响。

1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉（William,Duke of Normandy）打败英军，夺得王位，成为英国威廉一世（William I）,史称“诺曼征服”（the Norman Conquest）.此后今300年的时间里，法语一直是英国统治阶层的语言，教会学者用拉丁文写作，英语只在民众中通用，以至于在12世纪之前几乎没有用英文写成的文学作品。

简明英国文学史简明英国文学史A Brief History of English LiteraturePart I Old and Middle English Periods (450-1066)Chapter 1Old English Period and BeowulfHistorical situationBritons, a branch of Celts, came to the Isles in BC400 to BC300, at the early stage of the Iron AgeJulius Caesar of the Roman Empire defeated the Celts and ruled there from BC55 to AD 407The Roman Empire declined, the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes moved to live in the British Isles in about AD450They drove the Celts to Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the English language has gradually changed, Old Anglo-Saxon.8 to 11 Century, Danes from Scandinavia came to the Isles Norman Conquest 1066, it influenced the evolution of the English language, life style and culture.ReligionChristianityPart II English Renaissance and Shakespeare (1485-1616)Chapter 3The English Renaissance LiteratureHistorical situationfrom feudal society to capitalism;industry and commerce; ―sheep devouring men‖Tudor Reign: Religious Reformation,King Henry VIII (1509-1547), ProtestantismQueen Elizabeh (1558-1603)moderate policies to keep balance between the rising middle class and the feudal lords, the Protestants and the Catholics.a powerful country, set up English colonies overseas.Humanism and the Renaissance in EnglandRenaissance: revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time In Englanda strong interest in ancient Greek and Rome art and science;Humanism: concerned about the welfare of human beings and believed that human happiness in this life was more important that what people were supposed to.religious reformation of the church ;praised man and man’s pur suit of happiness.Chief Literary Achievement of the Period1. translating classical Italian and French works;2. poetry― a nest of singing birds;‖sonnet became the most popular poetic form;Thomas Wyatt3. Drama and Theatre PerformanceMarlowe; Ben Jonson and ShakespeareLondon , the centre of drama performanceII. Ten Renaissance WritersThomas More：UtopiaEdmund Spenser：The Faerie QueenePhilip SidneyUniversity Wits:John Lyly: Euphues -- EuphuismThomas Nashe, Robert GreeneFrancis BaconessaysChristopher Marloweblank verse: the major vehicle of expression in dramaBen Jonsondrama; prose workChapter 4William ShakespeareThe lifeStratford-on-Avon, 1564Literary career and productions37 plays154 sonnetsShakespeare’s major worksHistory playsget material from the English history and from the history of ancient Rome Julius CaesarHenry IV, Part I and Part IIRichard IIHenry VHenry VI, Part I , Part II , Part IIIComediesA Mid-Summer Night’s Dream;As You Like It;The Twelfth Night;The Merchant of VeniceTragediesHamlet;King LearMacbethOthelloTragic-comediesThe Winter’s TaleThe TempestSonnetsSonnet 73Sonnet 18Sonnet 130My Mistress’ EyesMy mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sunCoral is far more red than her lips’ red,If snow be white, why then her breasts arte dun,If hairs be wires, black wires grow upon her head.I have seen roses damasked, red and white,But no such roses see I in her cheeks,And in some perfumes is there more delight,Than in the breath that from my mis tress’ reeks.I love to hear her speak: yet well I knowThat music hath a far more pleasing sound,I grant I never saw a goddess go,My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,As any she belied with false compare.Part IIIThe Seventeenth Century (1616-1688) Chapter 5The Bourgeois Revolution and Milton1. History of the 17th century:a.King Charles I--Long Parliamentb.the civil war (1642-1649):army of the Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell;Bourgeois Revolution of England (Puritan Revolution);Puritans;King Charles II—James II—―glorious Revolution‖（光荣革命）constitutional monarchy(君主立宪制）2. Chief Literary AchievementsThe Bible ( The Old Testament and the New Testament)fountain heads of the Western Civilisation: The bible, Greek and Roman mythology and philosophy;Hebrew—Greek—LatinEnglish version: ―The King James Bible‖ (47 scholars, 7 years) Poetrya.―Metaphysical Poets‖（玄学派）—John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbertb.Cavalier Poets (骑士诗人）c. Epics（史诗）by John MiltonProsepolitical pamphlets and essays;non-political mattersDrama(Restoration period)comedies combined with the French taste with witty language;light, often coarse themes;emphasis on the wit of the charactersthey are criticised as decadent.Dryden and BunyanDryden: man of lettersBunyan: The Pilgrim’s ProgressII. John MiltonParadise Lost （失乐园）Paradise Regained （复乐园）Samson Agonistes (力士生孙）Chapter 6The Metaphysical Poets and the Restoration DramaMetaphysical Poets (John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert)―Death Be not Proud‖― The Flea‖― A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning‖(理解诗歌：240）John DonneDeath be not proud, though some have called theeMighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow,Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me；From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,And soonest our best men with thee do go,Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery.Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,And better than thy stroak；why swell'st thou then？One short sleep past, we wake eternally,And death shall be no more；Death, thou shalt die.Chapter 7Dryden and BunyanJohn BunyanThe Pilgrim’s ProgressPart IVThe Eighteenth Century(1688-1780)Chapter 8The Age of ClassicismHistorical Situationscience and technology:Steam engine—Industrial Revolution;political economics;Enlightenment Movement;religion: Deism, more individual,Literary Achievements (In the first half of the 18th century): The Age of Classicism (or Neoclassicism)- Alexander Pope ( heroic couplet)- Swift ( master of satire)they admire and follow the styles of ancient poets in Roman Empire of Augustus in a metaphorical manner.; they worshipped reasons, so also called the Age of ReasonII. Chief RepresentativesAlexander PopeAn Essay on CriticismThe Rape of the LockJonathan Swift―A Modest Proposal‖Gulliver’s TravelsLilliput;Brobdingnag;Laputa(flying island)Houyhnhnms (horsese), yahoo.Joseph AddisonRichard SteeleThe SpectatorSamuel Johnson (a journalist, a biographer, a literary critic) The DictionaryChapter 9The Rise of the NovelBackground About the Rise of the Novelscience and technology developed;printing;reading makes the flourish of a book market;women’s reading even writingII. Major Novelists1. Daniel DefoeRobinson Crusoe( a sailor, 28 years in an isolated island)Moll FlandersRoxana2. Samuel RichardsonPamela, or Virtue Rewarded (letter novel)Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady3. Henry FieldingJoseph AndrewsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling4. Laurence SterneTristram ShandyA Sentimental JourneyChaoter 10The Pre-Romantic LiteratureBackgroundgrowth of cities, the bourgeois class, the book marketFrom reason to passion;literature in the second half century shifted from paying attention to human fates and social problems to searching the meaning of life and death, from exploring human nature, philosophy of human congnition to experiencing and praising nature.Pre-Romantic PoetryGraveyard PoetsThomas Parnell, Edward Young, Robert BlairThomas Gray (Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard)wrote melancholy poems, often with the poet meditating on human mortality problems at night or in a graveyard.Robert Burns, the Sctottish BardWilliam BlakeSongs of InnocenceSongs of ExperienceThe Gothic NovelistsThe Castle of Otranto –Horace WalpoleThe Monk –Matthew Gregory LewisThe Mysteries of Udolpho —Ann RadcliffePart VThe Romantic Period (1780-1830)Chapter 11Wordsworth and ColeridgeHistorical backgroundIndustrial Revolution, working class,the Luddites’ movement –frame-breakers, breaking looms and machines, ignorant of the real cause for their sufferings;relationship with Ireland, Scotland and her colonies in North American became critical.American Revolution and the French Revolution; democracy,equality and freedom, social reformLiterary Achievements1) PoetryWordsworh, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, KeatsLake Poets: Wordswoth, Coleridge, Southey2) NovelWalter Scott, Jane AustenRomanticism or Romantic Movement is a literary movement in Britain and the European Continent between 1770 and 1848.its keynote is ―intensity(strong emotion)‖, its watchword is ―imagination‖The English Romantic Movement was marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798.Features of English Romanticism:simplicity (content and language);love of nature( respec t nature’s force, feelings with nature);subjectivity (individual emotion recollected in tranquility);spontaneity (―the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings‖)subject: supernatural, mysterious, stange and splendid, remote time and place;tone:melancholyII. The Romantic SageWilliam WordsworhLyrical Ballads, a joint work of Wordsworth and ColeridgePoems in search for self-definition in relation with nature―I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud‖; ―My Heart Leaps up When I Behold‖; ―Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abby‖Poems of Solitary―The Solitary Reaper‖I Wandered Lonely as a Cloudby WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of Golden daffodils:Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;A poet could not but be gay;In such a jocund company;I gazed –and gazed –but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.The Solitary Reaperby WordsworthBehold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and singing by herself，Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No Nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travelers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so thrilling ne'er was heardIn spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.Will no one tell me what she sings?—Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far-off things,And battles long ago:Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of to-day?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again?Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work,And o'er the sickle bending;——I listen'd, motionless and still;And, as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more. Composed uponWestminster Bridge by WordsworhP.181III. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Poet and Critic ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖( a strange, supernatural sea tale in the form of a ballad)― Kubla Khan‖Chapter 12Byron, Shelley and KeatsByron and the Byronic Heromajor works:Childe Harold’s PilgrimageDon JuanWhat is a Byronic Hero?(P.189)Shelleymajor works:Queen Mab ( first long poem)―Song to the Men of England‖―Ode to the West Wind‖―To a Skylark‖Prometheus Unbound (lyrical drama)John Keats, the Poet of Beauty―Ode to a Nightingale‖―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖―To Autumn‖― Ode to Psyche‖― On Melancholy‖Chapter 13Walter Scott and Jane AustenWalter Scott, Romantic Writer of Historical Themesmajor works:Ivanhoe (historical romance)Rob Roy ( a legendary hero of the Scottish people)features:combine historical facts with romantic adventures;characters: type, superficial, lacking development and psychological depth;colorful and exotic settings;out-of-date mode of languageJane Austen, Novelist of Social Mannersmajor works:Sense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbyPersuasionPart VIThe Victorian Literature(1830-1880)Chapter 14The Victorian AgeWhat is Victorian? Why do we say that the Victorian Age was one of greatchanges?Queen Victoria (1837-1901)great development in industry, trade, science and technology, overseas expansion;social contradictions, national problems;diversity intellectual; disputes and changes in religionMajor Literary AchievementsProse: Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold Poets: Tennyson, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold, Raphaelite poets(combine Italian art with poetry): Rossetti, William Morris, Swinburnenovelists: Charles Dickens, Thackeray,George Eliot, the Bronte sister, Mrs Gaskell Chapter 15Victorian NovelistsCharles Dickensmajor works:David CopperfieldBleak HouseA Tale of Two CitiesGreat ExpectationsOliver TwistWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity FairCharlotte BronteJane EyreEmily BronteWuthering HeightsGeorge EliotThe Mill on the FlossChapter 16Victorian PoetsAlfred Tennyson(1809-1892)Idylls of the King(interest in myths and legends)In Memoriam(sense of loneliness and a loss of a dear friend)Poet LaureateRobert Browning (1812-1889)“My Last Duchess” (the dramatic monologue- strong with its great potential in characterisation and psychological probing) The Ring and the Book( a long poem)Part VIIFine de siècle and Modernist Literature(1880-1930)Chapter 18Fin de siècleBackgroundlate 19th century , the apogee of British imperialism, ambitious and aggressive and a world power.natural science: Darwinsocial science: Marxanthropology (science of man): Sigmund Freud, his research on anthropology has a great influence on the whole 20th-century English literature.technology: electric light, radio, telephone, motor car, aeroplane, cinema(mass production and consumption of film industry) , the traditional art works, their un-reproducibility and uniqueness, gradually faded awayChapter 19Late Victorian to the First World WarFin de siècleAestheticism:Oscar Wilde : indulge in wit, preferring artifice to reality, artistic decadence, ―art’s for art’s sake‖The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel)Lady Windermere’s Fan (comedy)A Woman of No Importance (comedy)The Importance of Being Earnest (comedy)Wilde: Life and nature imitate art more than art imitates life and nature.Late Victorian Poetry1. Rhymer’s Club:Swinburne, Ernest Dowson, form of overrefinement and artistry, spirit and theme is inspired by classic literature and the new poetry developed in France.2. Gerard Manley HopkinsThe Victorian religious poetry found its most eloquent and radical expression in his poetry3. Thomas Hardy4. A.E. Housman5. Robert Bridges, John Masefield, Rudyard Kipling6.Georgian Poetry (casual and effortless beauty)7. Imagism: An intense aesthetic experience is bodied out through lean images andsparse words. Ezra PoundNovels of This Period1. Thomas HardyJude the ObscureUnder the Greenwood TreeFar from the Madding CrowdThe Mayor of CasterbridgeTess of the D’Urbevilles2. Samuel ButlerErewhonThe Way of All Flesh3. George Moore4. John GalsworthyThe Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property5. W. Somerset MaughamOf Human BondageThe Moon and Sixpence6. H.G. Wells (science romances)The Time MachineThe War of the Worlds7. Rudyard KiplingThe Jungle Book8. E.M. ForsterA Passage to India9. Joseph ConradLord JimHeart of Darkness( features: inscrutable mysteries, point of view) ?10. Henry JamesThe Wings of DoveThe Golden BowlDramaGeorge Bernard ShawMrs. Warren’s Prof essionMajor BarbaraPygmalionMy Fair Lady (film)(problem plays)Chapter 20Modernist LiteratureModernist Novel and Novelists1. Virginia WoolfMrs. DallowayTo the LighthouseA Room of One’s Own(stream of consciousness of a person’s everyday existence, her concept of―androgyny‖ gains tremendous popularity in late 20th-century feminist theory )2. D.H. LawrenceThe RainbowWomen in LoveSons and LoversLady Chatterley’s Loverwomen and sexual relationship3. James JoyceA Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManDubliners (short stories)UlyssesFinnegans Wake(epiphany, stream of consciousness)Modernist Poetry1. Ezra PoundImagist Movement2. T.S. EliotThe Waste Land―The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock‖( the only way of expressing emotion in art is by finding an ―objective equivalent.‖)3. William Butler Yeats―The Second Coming‖―Sailing to Byzantium‖。