历史专业英语修改版解剖

解剖学专业英语词汇Aaccessory 副神经anal canal 肛管anatomy 解剖学anatomy 解剖学angiology 脉管学anterior cerebral a. 大脑前动脉anterior horn 前角anus 肛门aorta 主动脉arachnoid 蛛网膜artery 动脉articular capsule 关节囊associate neuron 联络神经元atrioventricular bundle 房室束atrioventricular node 房室结atrium 心房auditory tube 咽鼓管auricle 耳廓autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统，自主神经系axillary a. 腋动脉axillary n. 腋神经Bbasal nuclei 基底核basilic v. 贵要静脉biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌Blood vessel systembone 骨brachial plexus 臂丛brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干brain 脑brain stem 脑干bronchus 支气管Ccaecum 盲肠capillary 毛细血管cardiac apex 心尖cardiac orifice 贲门carpal canal 腕管carpus 腕骨cartilage 软骨central gray substance 中央灰质central nervous system 中枢神经系统Ddiaphragm 膈diencephalon 间脑ductus deferens 输精管duodenum 十二指肠dura mater 硬膜EEdinger Westphal nucleus E W核endocrine gland 内分泌腺external ear 外耳eyeball 眼球Ffacial n. 面神经fascia 筋膜fasciculus cuneatus 楔束fasciculus gracilis 薄束femoral a. 股动脉femoral n. 股神经femur 股骨fibula 腓骨frontal bone 额骨frontal lobe 额叶Ggall bladder 胆囊ganglion 神经节genital organs 生殖器gray substance 灰质greater omentum 大网膜Hhearthip bone 髋骨hippocampus 海马horizontal planehumerus 肱骨hypothalamus 丘脑下部，下丘脑Iileocaecal valve 回盲瓣iliopsoas m.ilium 髂骨inferior colliculus 下丘inferior vena cava 下腔静脉inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带insula 岛叶interatrial septum 房间隔internal capsule 内囊internal carotid a. 颈内动脉 interventricular septum 室间隔 intervertebral disc 椎间盘iris 虹膜ischium 坐骨Jjejunum 空肠joint cavity 关节腔kidney 肾脏Llarge intestine 大肠larynx 喉lateral funiculus 外侧索 lateral ventricle 侧脑室 laterior horn 外侧角lens 晶体lesser omentum 小网膜levator ani m. 肛提肌ligament 韧带lingual n. 舌神经lip 唇liver 肝locus ceruleus 蓝斑lumbar plexus 腰丛lumbar vertebra 腰椎lung 肺lymph node 淋巴结lymph vessel 淋巴管lymphatic system 淋巴系 lymphatic trunk 淋巴干Mmamma (breast) 乳房mandible 下颌骨maxilla 上颌骨medial lemniscus 内侧丘系mesentery 肠系膜midbrain, mesencephalon 中脑motor neuron 运动神经元muscle 肌Nnasal cavity 鼻腔nasal septum 鼻中隔nerve 神经nervous system 神经系统neuroglia 神经胶质neuron 神经元nucleus 细胞核，神经核nucleus ambiguous 疑核nucleus posteromarginalis 后角边缘核nucleus proprius cornu posterior 后角固有核nucleus solitarius 孤束核Ooccipital bone 枕骨occipital lobe 枕叶oesophagus 食道orbita 眶ovary 卵巢Ppalate 腭parasympathetic 副交感的parietal bone 顶骨parietal lobe 顶叶patella 髌骨pelvis 骨盆penis 阴茎perineum 会阴peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统peritoneum 腹膜pharynx 咽pia mater 软脑膜pleura 胸膜pons 脑桥postcentral gyrus 中央后回posterior funiculus 后索posterior horn 后角precentral gyrus 中央前回prostate 前列腺pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pubis 耻骨pupil 瞳孔pylorus 幽门pyramidal tract 锥体束Rradial a. 桡动脉radius 挠骨red nucleus 红核reticular formation 网状结构retina 视网膜Ssacral plexus 骶丛sacrum 骶骨sagittal plane 矢状面scapula 肩胛骨sclera 巩膜scrotum 阴囊sense organ 感觉器官sensory neuron 感觉神经元skeleton 骨骼small intestine 小肠spermatic cord 精索sphenoid bone 蝶骨spinal cord 脊髓spinothalamic tract 脊髓丘脑束spleen 脾sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌sternum 胸骨stomach 胃subarachnoid space 蛛网膜下腔submandibular gland 下颌下腺substantia nigra 黑质superior colliculus 上丘superior vena cava 上腔静脉sympathetic 交感的synapse 突触Ttalocrural (ankle) joint 距骨小腿(踝)关节telencephalon 端脑temporal bone 颞骨temporal lobe 颞叶tendo calcaneus 跟腱thalamus 丘脑thoracic duct 胸导管thoracic vertebra 胸椎thyroid gland 甲状腺tibia 胫骨tibial n. 胫神经tongue 舌。

1.The Digestive System2.The respiratory system3.The nervous system4.The urogenital system5.The endocrine system6.The cardiovascular system7.The muscular system8. the skeletal systemPathogen&Pathogenesis OxygenAndrogenEstrogen; estrogen-like PyrogenAntigenThree P's"P redators⏹Pathogens⏹P arasitoids (Vs parasite)⏹Rheumatoid// toxoidInfectious agent, germ⏹Viral⏹Bacterial⏹Fungal⏹Other parasites⏹PrionicVirus(viruses)⏹20-300 nanometers in length.⏹Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae,Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Rhabdoviridae, Togaviridae.⏹Some notable pathogenic viruses cause: smallpox, influenza, mumps, measles,chickenpox, ebola, and rubellaBacterium(bacteria)☐1-5 micrometers in length☐can often be killed by antibiotics☐T uberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis;P neumonia, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas; a foodborne illnesses, Shigella, Campylobacter and Salmonella.☐Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis and leprosy.Fungus(fungi)⏹1-40 micrometer in length⏹causative agents of skin, nail or yeast infections⏹Life threatening: immunocompromised patients or vulnerable people with a weakenedimmune systemOther parasites⏹protists and helminths⏹Plasmodium→malaria⏹Qinghao→Artemisinin ; compound (a sesquiterpene lactone) isolated from the plantArtemisia annua⏹monotherapy ?⏹Prionicdo not contain nucleic acids⏹scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy ,Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease⏹The disease was first described by German neurologist Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt in1920 and shortly afterwards by Alfons Maria Jakob, giving it the name Creutzfeldt–Jakob⏹sometimes incorrectly referred to as mad cow disease) is a degenerative neurologicaldisorder (brain disease)。

人体解剖学英文作文Human Anatomy。

Human anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the human body. It is a complex and fascinating subject that has been studied for centuries by scientists and physicians alike. The human body is composed of several different systems, each with its own unique functions and structures.The skeletal system is one of the most important systems in the human body. It provides support and protection for the body's organs and tissues. The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The bones are the rigid structures that make up the framework of the body. They are connected by joints, which allow for movement.The muscular system is responsible for movement and posture. It is made up of muscles that are attached to thebones by tendons. Muscles can contract and relax, allowing for movement of the body. There are three types of muscles in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating the body's activities. It is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is the control center of the body, and it receives and processes information from the senses. The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nerves that runs down the back and connects the brain to the rest of the body.The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The blood vessels are the tubes that carry blood to and from the heart. The blood is the fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging gases between the body and the environment. It is made upof the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli. The lungs are the organs that take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The trachea, bronchi, and alveoli are the tubes and sacs that allow for the exchange of gases.The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. It is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system, and it is where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that mixes and grinds food with digestive juices. The small intestine is where most of the nutrients are absorbed, and the large intestine is where water and electrolytes are absorbed.In conclusion, human anatomy is a complex and fascinating subject that is essential for understanding how the body works. Each system in the body has its own unique functions and structures, and they all work together to maintain homeostasis. Understanding human anatomy isimportant for healthcare professionals, scientists, and anyone interested in learning more about the human body.。

解剖学英文单词locomotor system 运动系统osteology 骨学bone 骨cartilage 软骨bone marrow骨髓vertebra 椎骨cervical vertebrae颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx 尾骨rib 肋costal bone 肋骨sternum 胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角cranium, skull 颅orbit 眶paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦maxillary sinus 上颌窦pterion 翼点clavicle 锁骨humerus 肱骨scapula肩胛骨radius 桡骨ulna 尺骨carpal bones 腕骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨pubis 耻骨femur 股骨tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨tarsal bones 跗骨arthrology 关节学fibrous joint 纤维连结cartilaginous joint 软骨连结joint, articulation 关节vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘thoracic cage 胸廓temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint/wrist joint桡腕关节pelvis 骨盆hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节mycology 肌学muscle 肌肉tendon 肌腱trapezius m. 斜方肌latissimus dorsi m. 背阔肌erector spinae m. 竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌pectoralis major m. 胸大肌diaphragm 膈deltoid m. 三角肌biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌tricepsbrachii m. 肱三头肌quadriceps femoris m. 股四头肌triceps surae m. 小腿三头肌splanchnology 内脏学alimentary system 消化系统tongue 舌cheek 颊tooth 牙tonsil 扁桃体sublingual gland 舌下腺parotid gland 腮腺pharynx 咽esophagus 食管stomach, gaster 胃small intestine 小肠duodenum 十二指肠jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠vermiform appendix 阑尾rectum 直肠anal canal 肛管liver, hepar 肝gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰respiratory system 呼吸系统nose 鼻nasal cavity 鼻腔larynx 喉trachea 气管bronchus 支气管lung 肺pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔mediastinum 纵隔urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾ureter 输尿管urinary bladder 膀胱urethra 尿道reproductive system生殖系统testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens 输精管penis 阴茎prostate/prostate gland前列腺ovary 卵巢uterine tube 输卵管uterus 子宫vagina 阴道peritoneum 腹膜cardiovascular system 心血管系统heart 心cardiac atrium 心房cardiac ventricle 心室tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣sinuatrial node 窦房结pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干arterial ligament 动脉韧带facial a. 面动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉axillary a. 腋动脉brachial a. 肱动脉ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉femoral a. 股动脉dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉cephalic v. 头静脉thoracic duct 胸导管spleen 脾thymus 胸腺sensory organs 感觉器cornea 角膜sclera 巩膜iris 虹膜ciliary body 睫状体choroid 脉络膜retina 视网膜pupil 瞳孔optic disc 视神经盘macula lutea 黄斑aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜peripheral nervous system周围神经系统spinal nerve 脊神经cervical plexus 颈丛brachial plexus 臂丛median n. 正中神经musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经sciatic n. 坐骨神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n. 腓总神经cranial n. 脑神经olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经oculomotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经trigeminal n. 三叉神经abducent n. 展神经facial n. 面神经vestibulocochlear n. 前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经autonomic nervous system自主神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经central nervous system中枢神经系统spinal cord脊髓gray matter灰质cortex 皮质nucleus 神经核white matter 白质medulla 髓质ganglion 神经节brain, encephalon 脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pyramid锥体锥体交叉optic chiasma 视交叉internal capsule 内囊cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液thyroid gland 甲状腺hypophysis垂体。

1. locomotor system [动] 运动系统2. osteology [,ɒstɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. [解剖] 骨学3. trunk [trʌŋk] n. 树干；躯干；象鼻4. arthrology [ɑ:'θrɔlədʒi] n. 关节学5. cranial bones 颅骨6. cranial ['kreɪnɪəl] adj. 头盖的7. myology [maɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 肌肉学；肌肉系统8. alimentary system [解剖] 消化系统9. alimentary [ælɪ'ment(ə)rɪ] adj. 滋养的；食物的10. respiratory system [解剖] 呼吸系统11. respiratory [rɪ'spɪrət(ə)rɪ; 'resp(ə)rət(ə)rɪ; rɪ'spaɪ-]呼吸的| 呼吸道| 呼吸系统12. urinary system [解剖] 泌尿系统13. urinary ['jʊərɪn(ə)rɪ] n. 尿壶；小便池（等于urinal）adj. 尿的；泌尿的14. reproductive [,riːprə'dʌktɪv] adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的15. peritoneum [,perɪtə'niːəm] n. 腹膜16. angiology [,ændʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] [解剖] 血管学；脉管学17. artery ['ɑːtərɪ] n. 动脉；干道；主流18. vein [veɪn] 静脉| 血管| 矿脉19. lymphatic system [解剖] 淋巴系统Lymphatic system: 淋巴系统| 淋巴系| 淋巴体系20. lymphatic [lɪm'fætɪk] n. 淋巴管；淋巴腺adj. 淋巴的；含淋巴的21. vestibulocochlear organ: 前庭蜗器22. vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经23. spinal cord [解剖] 脊髓| 脊椎| 脊24. spinal ['spaɪn(ə)l] 脊髓| 脊柱| 脊骨的25. cord [kɔːd] n. 绳索；束缚vt. 用绳子捆绑26. brain stem 脑干27. stem [stem] 阻止| 干；茎| 科学28. cerebellum [,serɪ'beləm] n. [解剖] 小脑29. diencephalon [,daɪen'sef(ə)lɒn; -'kef-] n. [解剖] 间脑；中脑30. telencephalon [,telen'sef(ə)lɒn; -'kef-; ,tiːlen'sef(ə)l ɒn; -'kef-] n. 终脑，[胚] 端脑31. meninges [mɪ'nɪndʒiːz] n. 脑膜；髓膜；脑脊膜32. peripheral [pə'rɪf(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 外围的；次要的33. visceral ['vɪs(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 内脏的；出于本能的；发自肺腑的34. endocrine gland n. [解剖] 内分泌腺35. endocrine ['endə(ʊ)kraɪn; -krɪn] 内分泌；内分泌物| 激素的36. regional anatomy [解剖] 局部解剖学37. thorax ['θɔːræks] n. [解剖] 胸，胸部；胸腔38. abdomen ['æbdəmən; æb'dəʊmən] n. 腹部；下腹；腹腔39. pelvic ['pelvɪk] adj. 骨盆的40. perineum [,perɪ'niːəm] n. [解剖] 会阴41. vertebral ['vɜːtɪbrəl] adj. 脊椎的；椎骨的；由椎骨组成的42. histology [hɪ'stɒlədʒɪ] n. 组织学43. embryology [,embrɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. [胚] 胚胎学44. Epithelial Tissue 上皮组织45. epithelial [,epɪ'θiːlɪəl] adj. [生物] 上皮的；皮膜的46. connective tissue proper [组织] 固有结缔组织47. connective tissue n. [基医] 结缔组织48. proper ['prɒpə] adj. 适当的；特有的；正派的49. cartilage ['kɑːt(ɪ)lɪdʒ] n. 软骨；软骨组织50. endocrine system [解剖] 内分泌系统51. digestive tract 消化道；消化系统52. placenta [plə'sentə] n. [胚] 胎盘；[植] 胎座53. fetal membrane [胚] 胎膜54. fetal ['fiːt(ə)l] adj. 胎的，胎儿的55. sternum ['stɜːnəm] n. [解剖] 胸骨56. maxilla [mæk'sɪlə] n. [解剖] 上颌骨，上颌57. mandible ['mændɪb(ə)l] n. 下颌骨58. clavicle ['klævɪk(ə)l] n. [解剖] 锁骨59. humerus ['hjuːm(ə)rəs] n. 肱骨| 肱60. radius ['reɪdɪəs] n. 半径[解剖] 桡骨61. hip bone [解剖] 髋骨，坐骨62. Ilium ['ɪlɪəm] 髂骨63. ischium ['ɪskɪəm] n. [解剖] 坐骨64. pubis ['pjuːbɪs] n. 耻骨；前胸侧部65. femur ['fiːmə] n. [解剖] 股骨；大腿骨66. tibia ['tibiə] n. [解]胫骨；胫节（昆虫）67. diaphragm ['daɪəfræm] n. 隔膜；快门68. lingua ['liŋɡwə] n. 舌；似舌的器官69. parotid [pə'rɒtɪd] n. 腮腺；耳下腺70. pharynx ['færiŋks] n. [解]咽71. esophagus [iː'sɒfəɡəs] n. [解剖] 食管；食道72. intestine [ɪn'testɪn] n. 肠73. duodenum [,djuːə'diːnəm] n. [解剖] 十二指肠74. jejunum [dʒɪ'dʒuːnəm] n. [解剖] 空肠75. ileum ['ɪlɪəm] n. [解剖] 回肠76. vermix 阑尾77. colon ['kəʊlən] n. [解剖] 结肠；冒号78. rectum ['rektəm] n. 直肠79. gallbladder ['ɡɔːl,blædə] n. [解剖] 胆囊80. pancreas ['pæŋkrɪəs] n. [解剖] 胰腺81. paranasal sinuses n. 鼻旁窦82. paranasal [,pærə'neizəl] adj. 鼻旁的；鼻侧的83. sinuses ['saɪnɜ:sɪs] n. 鼻窦；鼻窦炎84. sinus ['saɪnəs] n. [生物] 窦；静脉窦85. larynx ['lærɪŋks] n. [解剖] 喉；咽喉86. trachea [trə'kiːə; 'treɪkɪə] n.气管87. ureter [jʊ'riːtə; 'jʊərɪtə] n. 输尿管88. bladder ['blædə] n. 膀胱；囊状物89. epididymis [,epɪ'dɪdɪmɪs] n. [解剖] 附睾90. ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ] n. [解剖] 卵巢91. oviduct ['əʊvɪdʌkt] n. [解剖] 输卵管92. uterine ['juːtərɪn; -aɪn] adj. [解剖] 子宫的93. uterine tube [解剖] 输卵管94. womb [wuːm] n. [解剖] 子宫；发源地95. uterus ['juːt(ə)rəs] n. [解剖] 子宫96. cardiac ['kɑːdɪæk] adj. 心脏的97. pericardium [,perɪ'kɑːdɪəm] n. [解剖] 心包；心包膜98. pulmonary ['pʌlmən(ə)rɪ] adj. 肺的99. aorta [eɪ'ɔːtə] n. [解剖] 主动脉100. carotid [kə'rɒtɪd] n. 颈动脉；颈动脉的。

解剖学专业英语词汇VOCABULARY LIST（*者属掌握内容）*anatomy [ 'næt mi]解剖学*human anatomy ['hju:m n] 人体解剖学*systematic anatomy [,sisti'mætik] 系统解剖学*regional anatomy['ri:dʒ n l] 局部解剖学sectional anatomy ['sek∫ nl] 断面解剖学anatomical science [,æn 'tɔmik 'sai ns] 解剖科学applied anatomy [ 'plaid] 应用解剖学histology [his'tɔl↔dʒi] 组织学embryology [,embri'ɔl↔dʒi] 胚胎学anthropology [,ænθr↔'pɔl↔dʒi] 人类学dissection,dissect [di'sek∫↔n] [di'sekt] 解剖,解剖标本organ ['ɔ:g↔n] 器官,脏器tissue [tisju:] 组织*anatomical position (posture) [p↔'zi∫↔n pɔst∫↔] 解剖学姿势*superior [sju:'pi↔ri↔]上*inferior [in'fi↔ri↔] 下*cranial [ 'kreinjəl] 颅侧*caudal ['kɔ:dl] 尾侧*anterior [æn'ti↔ri↔] 前*posterior [pɔs'ti↔ri↔] 后*ventral(dorsal) ['ventr↔l 'dɔ:s↔l] 腹(背)侧*medial(lateral) ['mi:dj↔l 'læt↔r↔l] 内(外)侧*internal [in't↔:nl] 内*external [eks't↔:nl] 外*superficial [sju:p↔fi∫↔l] 浅*profound[pr↔'fαund] 深*proximal(distal) [ 'prɔksim↔l 'dist↔l] 近(远)侧*ulnar(radial)['∧ln↔'reidj↔l] 尺(桡)侧tibial(fibular)['tibi↔l 'fibjul↔] 胫(桡)侧head 头face [feis] 面neck, cervical, jugular(a.) ['s↔:vik↔l 'dʒ∧gjul↔] 颈trunk躯干chest,thorax,thoracic(a.) [t∫est 'θɔ:ræks 'θɔ:ræsik] 胸abdomen,abdominal(a.)['æbd↔men,'æbd↔men][æb'dɔminl] 腹pelvis,pelvic(a.) ['pelvis] ['pelvik] 盆部limbs,extremities [limz] [iks'tremitiz] 四肢shoulder ['∫↔uld↔] 肩finger,digital(a.) ['fingə] ['dindʒitl] 手指*locomotor system ['l↔uk↔,m↔ut↔m'sistim] 运动系统osteology [,ɔsti'ɔl↔dʒi] 骨学*bone,bony(a.) [b↔un] ['b↔uni]骨skelton,skeletal(a.) ['skelit↔n] ['skelitl] 骨骼,骨胳*cartilage ['kα:tilidʒ] 软骨shaft,diaphysis [∫α:ft] [dai'æfisis] 骨干,骨体nutrient foramen ['nju:tri↔nt f↔'reimen] 滋养孔epiphysis [i'pifisis] 端,骺metaphysis [mi'tæfisis] 干骺端*process ['pr↔uses, 'prɔses] 突*spine [spain] 棘*eminence ['emin↔ns] 隆起*tuberosity [,tju:b↔'rɔsiti] 粗隆*tuber ['tju:b↔] 结节*tubercle ['tju:b↔:kl]小结节*crest,ridge [krest][ridʒ] 嵴*fossa ['fɔs↔] 窝*fovea['f↔uvi↔] 凹*sulcus (pl.sulci) ['s∧lk↔s 's∧lsai] 沟*impression [im'pre∫↔n] 压迹*cavity ['kæviti] 腔*sinus ['sain↔s] 窦*canal,duct,tube [k↔'næl] [d∧kt] [tju:b] 管*meatus [mi'eit↔s] 道*aperture ['æp↔tju↔]口*foramen [f↔'reimen] 孔*hiatus [hai'eit↔s] 裂孔*condyle ['kɔndil] 髁compact(spongy)bone [k↔m'pækt 'sp∧ndʒ] 骨密(松)质trabeculae [tr↔'bekjuli:] 骨小梁periosteum [,peri'ɔsti↔m] 骨(外)膜peritoneum腹膜*pericardium 心包red (yellow) bone marrow ['mær↔u] 红(黄)骨髓*vertebra ['v↔:tibr↔] 椎骨*cervical vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎*lumbar vertebrae ['l∧mb↔] 腰椎*sacral verebrae ['seikr↔l] 骶椎*sacrum ['seikr↔m] 骶骨coccygeal vertebrae [kɔk'sidʒl] 尾椎*coccyx ['ɔksiks] 尾骨*sternum ['st↔:n↔m] 胸骨*ribs [ribz] 肋costal bone [ 'kɔst ↔] 肋骨*skull [skvl]颅骨*frontal bone ['fr∧ntl] 额骨*ethmoid bone ['eθmɔid] 筛骨*sphenoid bone ['sfi:nɔid] 蝶骨*temporal bone ['temp↔r↔l] 颞骨*occipital bone [ɔk'sipitl] 枕骨*parietal bone [p↔'raiitl] 顶骨*mandible ['mændibl] 下颌骨*hyoid bone ['haiɔid] 舌骨vomer ['v↔um↔] 犁骨*maxilla [mæk'sil↔] 上颌骨palatine bone ['pæl↔tain] 腭骨*nasal bone ['neiz↔l] 鼻骨lacrimal bone ['lækrim↔l] 泪骨inferior nasal concha ['neiz↔l 'kɔnk↔] 下鼻甲zygomatic bone [,zaig↔u'mætik] 颧骨*obit['ɔ:bit]眶*clavicle['klævikl]锁骨*scapula['skæpjul↔] 肩胛骨*humerus['hju:m↔r↔s] 肱骨*radius['reidj↔s] 桡骨*ulna['∧ln↔] 尺骨*carpal bones[kα:pl] 腕骨metacarpal bones[,met↔'kα:p↔l] 掌骨phalanges of fingers[fæ'lændʒi:z] 指骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium['ili↔m] 髂骨*ischium['iski↔m] 坐骨*pubis['pju:bis] 耻骨*femur['fi:m↔] 股骨*patella[p↔'tel↔] 髌骨*tibia['tibi↔] 胫骨*fibula ['fibjul↔] 腓骨*malleolus[m↔'li:↔l↔s]踝tarsal bones['tα:s↔l] 跗骨metatarsal bones[,met↔'tα:s↔l] 跖骨phalanges[fæ'lændʒi:z] 趾骨arthrology[α:'θrɔl↔dʒi]关节学*joint[dʒɔint] 关节, 连结articulation[a:,tikju:'lei∫↔n] 连结,关节fibrous joints['faibr↔s] 纤维连结syndesmosis[,sindez'm↔usis] 韧带连结*ligament(lig.)['lig↔m↔nt] 韧带suture['sju:t∫↔] 缝cartilaginous joints[,kαti'lædʒin↔s] 软骨连结synostosis [,sin↔'st↔usis] 骨性结合*synovial joints[si'n↔uvi↔l] 滑膜关节articular surface(cavity)[α: 'tikjul↔] 关节面(腔) articular capsule['kæpsju:l]关节囊fibrous membrane['lei↔] 纤维膜synovial membrane 滑膜synovial fluid['flu:id] 滑液articular disc[disk] 关节盘*flexion ['flek∫↔n]屈*extension [iks'ten∫↔n] 伸*adduction [↔'d∧k∫↔n] 内收*abduction [æb'd∧k∫↔n] 外展*rotation [r↔u'tei∫↔n] 旋转*medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)*pronation [pr↔u'nei∫↔n] 旋前*supination [,sju:pi'nei∫↔n] 旋后circumduction 环转*intervertebral discs[,int↔'v↔:tibr↔l] 椎间盘yellow lig. 黄韧带temporomandibular joint [,temp↔r↔umæn'dibjul↔] 颞下颌关节*shoulder joint['∫↔uld↔] 肩关节*elbow joint['elb↔u]] 肘关节*radiocarpal joint,wrist joint[,reidi↔u][rist] 桡腕关节,腕关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb[,kα:p↔u,met↔'kα:pl] 拇指腕掌关节opposition[,ɔp↔'zi∫↔n] 对掌运动pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节patellar ligament [p↔'tel↔] 髌韧带medial (lateral) meniscus[mi'nisk↔s] 内（外）侧半月板*ankle joint['æηkl] 距小腿关节,踝关节eversion[i'v↔:∫↔n] 外翻inversion[in'v↔:∫↔n] 内翻dorsiflexion[,dɔ:si'flek∫↔n] 背屈plantarflexion['plænt↔'flek∫↔n]跖屈mycology[mai'ɔl↔dʒi]肌学*muscle(m.)['m∧sl]肌skeletal muscle['skelitl] 骨骼肌cardiac muscle['kα:diæk]心肌smooth muscle[smu:⊗] 平滑肌muscle belly['beli] 肌腹*tendon['tend↔n]腱origin['ɔridʒin] 起点,固定点insertion[in's↔:∫↔n] 止点,动点fascia['fei∫i↔,'fæ∫i↔] 筋膜tendinous sheath['tendin↔s ∫i:θ] 腱鞘*trapezius m.[tr↔'pi:zi↔s] 斜方肌latissimus dorsi[l↔'tisim↔s] 背阔肌*erector spinae[i'rekt↔] 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid m.[,st↔:n↔u,klaid↔'mæstɔid] 胸锁乳突肌*diaphragm['dai↔fræm]膈rectus abdominis [ 'rekt↔s æb'dɔminlis] 腹直肌obliquus externus (internus) abdominis 腹外(内)斜肌transverse abdomenis 腹横肌masticatory m.['mæstikeit↔ri] 咀嚼肌*masseter[mæ'si:t↔] 咬肌temporalis[temp↔'reilis] 颞肌medial (lateral) pterygoid m.['terigɔid] 翼内(外)肌*deltoid m.['deltɔid] 三角肌*biceps(triceps) brachii['baiseps 'breikj↔l]肱二(三)头肌round pronator m.[pr↔u'neit↔] 旋前圆肌opponens pollicis[↔'p↔unenz 'pɔlisi:z] 拇对掌肌*gluteus maximus (medius,minimus)[glu:'t↔s mæksmes]臀大(中,小)肌piriformis[pi'rifɔ:mis] 梨状肌*quadriceps femoris['kɔ↔driseps] 股四头肌biceps femoris 股二头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌*gastrocnemius[,gæstrɔk'ni:mi↔s] 腓肠肌splanchnology[splæηk'nɔl↔dʒi]内脏学viscera ['vis↔r↔] 内脏*digestive system [di'dʒestiv] 消化系统*oral cavity ['ɔ:r↔l] 口腔tooth(pl.teeth)[tu:θti:θ] 牙tongue [t∧η]舌*parotid gland[p↔'rɔtid] 腮腺*pharynx['færiηks]咽*esophagus[i'sɔf↔g↔s] 食管*stomach['st∧m↔k] 胃small intestine[in'testin] 小肠*duodenum[,dju↔u'di:n↔m] 十二指肠*jejunum[dʒi'dʒu:n↔m] 空肠*ileum['ili↔m] 回肠large intestine 大肠*c(a)ecum['si:k↔m] 盲肠*vermiform appendix['v↔:mifɔ:m '↔pendiks] 阑尾*colon['k↔ul↔n] 结肠*rectum['rekt↔m] 直肠*liver['liv↔] 肝*gallbladder['gɔlblæd↔] 胆囊*pancreas['pæηkri↔s]胰*respiratory system[ris'pai↔r↔t↔ri]呼吸系统nose[n↔uz]鼻paranasal sinuses[,pær↔'neiz↔l] 鼻旁窦，副鼻窦*larynx['læriηks]喉vocal fold ['v↔uk↔l f↔uld] 声襞，声带*trachea[tr↔'ki:↔] 气管*bronchus(pl.bronchi)['brɔηk↔s 'brɔηkai] 支气管*lung[l∧η] 肺pleural cavity ['pu↔r↔l] 胸（胸膜）腔*pleura['plu↔r↔] 胸膜costodiaphragmatic recess[,kɔst↔u,dai↔fræg'gmætik]肋膈隐窝mediastinum[,mi:diæs'tain↔m]纵隔*urinary system['ju↔rin↔ri]泌尿系统*kidney['kidni] 肾renal hilus (sinus,pedicle)[,ri:nl] 肾门（窦，蒂）*ureter[ju↔'ri:t↔] 输尿管*urinary bladder ['blæd↔] 膀胱*urethra[ju↔'ri:θr↔] 尿道*genital system ['dʒenitl]生殖系统*testis ['testis] 睾丸epididymis[,epi'didimis] 附睾*deferent duct['def↔r↔nt] 输精管ejaculatory duct[i'jækjul↔t↔ri] 射精管seminal vesicle['seminl 'vesikl] 精囊，精囊腺*prostate['prɔsteit] 前列腺penis['pi:nis] 阴茎scrotum['skr↔ut↔m] 阴囊*ovary['↔uv↔ri] 卵巢*uterine tube ['ju:t↔rain] 输卵管*uterus [,ju:t↔r↔s] 子宫vagina[v↔'dʒain↔] 阴道mamma(pl.mammae),breast['mæm↔'mæmi:][bri:st]乳房*mammary gland['mæm↔ri] 乳腺peritoneum[,perit↔u'ni;↔m] 腹膜abdominal cavity 腹腔peritoneal cavity [,perit↔u'ni:↔l] 腹膜腔angiology [,ændʒi'ɔl↔dʒi] 脉管学vessel[vesl] 脉管angiological system [,ændʒæ'lɔdʒik↔l] 脉管系统circulatory system['s↔:kju:leit↔ri] 循环系统cardiovascular system['kα:di↔u'væskjul↔]心血管系统*heart[hα:t] 心*artery(a.)['α:t↔ri] 动脉*vein(v.)[vein]静脉capillary[k↔'pil↔ri] 毛细血管systemic (greater) circulation[,s↔:kju'lei∫↔n] 体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环collateral vessel[kɔ'læt↔r↔l] 侧副管（支）*cardiac ventricle[kα:diæk ,ventrikl]心室*cardiac atrium['α:tri↔m 'eitri↔m] 心房*endocardium[,end↔u'kα:di↔m] 心内膜*myocardium [mai↔u'kα:di↔m] 心肌层*epicardium[,epi'kα:di↔m] 心外膜sinoatrial node[,sain↔u'eitri↔l n↔ud]窦房结internodal tract[,int↔'n↔udl]结间束atrioventricular node[,eitri↔uven'trikjul↔] 房室结atrioventricular bundle[b∧ndl] 房室束left (right) bundle branch 束支*left (right) coronary a.['kɔr↔n↔ri] 左（右）冠状动脉coronary sinus 冠状窦*pericardium[,peri'kα:di↔m] 心包fibrous pericardium 纤维心包serous pericardium['si↔r↔s]浆膜心包*left (right) pulmonary a. 左（右）肺动脉arterial duct(lig.) 动脉导管（韧带）*aorta[ei'ɔ:tik] 主动脉*brachiocephalic trunk[,bræki↔use'fælik]头臂干*common carotid a.[k↔'rɔtid]颈总动脉carotid sinus(glomus) 颈动脉窦（小球）external (internal) carotid a. 颈外(内)动脉superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉*subclavicular a.[,s∧bkl↔'vikjul↔] 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉*axillary a. [æk'sil↔ri] 腋动脉*brachial a.['breikj↔l] 肱动脉*radial a. 桡动脉*ulnar a. 尺动脉superficial palmar arch['pælm↔] 掌浅弓deep palmar arch 掌深弓*renal a.['ri:nl] 肾动脉*c(o)eliac trunk['si:liæk]腹腔干，腹腔动脉common hepatic a.[hi'pætik]肝总动脉*superior mesenteric a.[,mes↔n'terik] 肠系膜上动脉appendicular a.[,æp↔n'dikjul↔] 阑尾动脉*inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉common iliac a.['iliæk]髂总动脉internal iliac a. 髂内动脉obturator a['ɔbtju↔,reit↔] 闭孔动脉superior (inferior) gluteal a.[,glu:ti↔l] 臀上（下）动脉uterine a.['jut↔rain] 子宫动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉*femoral a.['fem↔r↔l] 股动脉*popliteal a.[pɔp'liti↔l] 腘动脉anterior(posterior) tibial a.胫前（后）动脉venous valve['vi:n↔s vælv]静脉瓣pulmonary v. 肺静脉*superior vena cava['vi:n↔keiv↔] 上腔静脉brachiocephalic v.[,bræ不ki↔us'fælik]头臂静脉*internal (external) jugular v.['dʒ∧gjul↔] 颈内(外)静脉venous angle 静脉角*cephalic v.[se'fælik]头静脉*basilic v.[b↔'silik] 贵要静脉*median cubital v.['kju:bitl] 肘正中静脉*azygos v.['æzig↔s] 奇静脉*inferior vena cava 下腔静脉*great (small) saphenous v.[s↔'fi:n↔s] 大(小)隐静脉hepatic v. 肝静脉*hepatic portal v.['pɔ:t↔l] 肝门静脉*lymphatic system[lim'fætik]淋巴系统*lymph[limf] 淋巴lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管lymhatic vessel 淋巴管lymphatic trunks 淋巴干right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管*thoracic duct 胸导管*cisterna chyli ['sist↔n↔ kaili] 乳糜池*lymph node[n↔ld] 淋巴结submandibular lymph nodes 下颌下淋巴结supraclavicular lymph nodes[,sju:pr↔kl↔'vikjul↔] 锁骨上淋巴结axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结*inguinal lymph nodes [iηgwinl]腹股沟淋巴结*spleen[spli:n]脾*thymus['θaim↔s] 胸腺*sensory organs['sens↔ri]感觉器receptor[ri'sept↔] 感受器*visual organ['vizju↔l]视器*eyeball['aibɔ:l] 眼球*sclera['skli↔r↔] 巩膜*cornea['kɔ:ni↔] 角膜*choroid['kɔ:rɔid] 脉络膜ciliary body['sili↔ri] 睫状体*iris['ai↔ris] 虹膜pupil['pju:pil] 瞳孔*retina['retin↔] 视网膜optic disc['ɔptik] 视神经盘macula lutea['mækjul↔] 黄斑fovea centralis ['f↔uvi↔] 中央凹aqueous humour['eikwi↔s 'hju:m↔] 房水*lens[lenz] 晶状体*vitreous body['vitri↔s] 玻璃体conjunctiva[,kɔndʒ∧ηk'taiv↔] 结膜ophthalmic a.[ɔf'θælmik]眼动脉*vestibulocochlear organ[ves,tibjul↔u'kɔkli↔]前庭蜗器*ear[i↔] 耳external ear 外耳middle ear 中耳*tympanic cavity[tim'pænik]鼓室*tympanic membrane 鼓膜auditory tube 咽鼓管internal ear 内耳bony labyrinth['læb↔rinθ] 骨迷路*bony semicircular canals 骨半规管*cochlea['kɔkli↔] 耳蜗cochlea trachea气管trochlea滑车*vestibule['vestibju:l] 前庭membranous labyrinth 膜迷路membranous semicircular ducts[,semi's↔:kjul↔] 膜半规管olfactory organ [ɔl'fækt↔ri] 嗅器taste bud [teist] [b∧d] 味蕾skin[skin] 皮肤*nervous system 神经系统*central nervous system, CNS 中枢神经系统peripheral nervous system, PNS[p↔'rif↔r↔l] 周围神经系统*autonomic nervous system[,ɔ:t↔u'nɔmik] 自主神经系统visceral nervous system['vis↔r↔l] 内脏神经系统vegetative nervous system['vedʒit↔tiv] 植物神经系统*neuron['nju↔rɔn] 神经元nerve cell [n↔:v sel] 神经细胞soma,cell body['s↔um↔] 胞体dendrite['dendrait] 树突axon [æksɔn] 轴突synapse[si'næps]突触nerve fiber['faib↔] 神经纤维glia[gli↔] 神经胶质*gray matter [grei 'mæt↔] 灰质*nucleus['nju:kli↔s] 神经核*cortex['kɔ:teks] 皮质*ganglion ['gæηgli↔n] 神经节*white matter 白质*medulla[me'd∧l↔] 髓质fasciculus[f↔'sikjul↔s] 纤维束*nerve[n↔:v] 神经*reticular formation [ri'tikjul↔ fɔ:mei∫↔n] 网状结构effector[i'fekt↔] 效应器reflex arc['ri:fleks α:k] 反射弧*afferent['æf↔r↔nt] 传入*efferent ['ef↔r↔nt] 传出*spinal n.['spainl] 脊神经anterior root 前根posterior root 后根cervical n. 颈神经cervical plexus [pleks↔s] 颈丛*phrenic n.['frenik]膈神经brachial plexus['breikj↔l] 臂丛axillary n.[æk'sil↔ri] 腋神经*musculocutaneous n.['m∧skjul↔ukju'teini↔s] 肌皮神经*median n.['mi:dj↔n] 正中神经*ulnar(radial)n. 尺(桡)神经thoracic n. 胸神经intercostal n.[,int↔'kɔstl] 肋间神经subcostal n.[s∧b'kɔstl] 肋下神经lumbar n.['l∧mb↔] 腰神经lumbar plexus 腰丛lumbosacral trunk [,l∧mb↔u'seikr↔l] 腰骶干*femoral n. ['fem↔r↔l] 股神经obturator n.['ɔbtju↔,reit↔] 闭孔神经sacral n.['seikr↔l] 骶神经sacral plexus 骶丛*sciatic n.[sai'ætik]坐骨神经common peroneal n.[,per↔'ni↔l] 腓总神经tibial n.['tibi↔l] 胫神经*pudendal n.[pju'dend↔l] 阴部神经coccygeal n.[kɔk'sidʒi↔l] 尾神经*cranial n.['kreini↔l] 脑神经*olfactory n.[,ɔl'fækt↔ri] 嗅神经(Ⅰ)*optic n. ['ɔptik]视神经(Ⅱ)*oculomotor n. [,ɔkjul↔u'm↔ut↔] 动眼神经(Ⅲ)ciliary ganglion ['sili↔ri] 睫状神经节*trochlear n. ['trɔkli↔] 滑车神经(Ⅳ)*trigeminal n. [trai'dʒemin↔l] 三叉神经(Ⅴ)trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经节ophthalmic n. [ɔf'θælmik] 眼神经maxillary n. [mæk'sil↔ri] 上颌神经mandibular n. [mæn'dibjul↔] 下颌神经submandibular ganglion [,s∧bmæn'dibjul↔] 下颌下神经节*abducent n.[æb'dju:snt] 展神经(Ⅵ)*facial n.[fai∫↔l] 面神经(Ⅶ)*chorda tympani['kɔ:d↔ 'timp↔nai] 鼓索pterygopalatine ganglion [,terig↔u'pæl↔taiin] 翼腭神经节otic ganglion[↔utik] 耳神经节*vestibulocochlear[ves,tibjul↔u'kɔkli↔] 前庭蜗神经(Ⅷ)*glossopharyngeal n.[,glɔs↔u,færin'dʒi:↔l] 舌咽神经(Ⅸ)*vagus n.['veig↔s] 迷走神经(Ⅹ)*accessory n.[æk'ses↔ri] 副神经(Ⅺ)*hypoglossal n.['haip↔u'glɔs↔l] 舌下神经(Ⅻ) preganglionic neuron[,pri:gæηgli'ɔnik] 节前神经元postganglionic neuron[,p↔ustgæηgli'ɔnik] 节后神经元preganglionic neurofibers[,nju↔r↔u'faib↔z] 节前神经纤维postganglionicneurofibers 节后神经纤维*sympathetic n.[,simp↔'θetik] 交感神经sympathetic ganglion 交感神经节*sympathetic trunk 交感干white (gray) communicating branch 白(灰)交通支cardiac (pulmonary,esophageal) plexus['kα:diæk]心(肺,食管)丛greater splanchnic n.[,splæηknik] 内脏大神经c(o)eliac plexus['si:liæk]腹腔丛c(o)eliac ganglion 腹腔神经节*parasympathetic n.[,pær↔,simp↔'θetik] 副交感神经parasympathetic ganglion 副交感神经节*spinal cord['spainl kɔ:d] 脊髓*conus medullaris['k↔un↔s medju:'leiris] 脊髓圆锥central canal 中央管anterior(posterior,lateral) horn 前(后,侧)角intermediate zone['int↔'mi:dj↔t z↔un] 中间带intermediolateral nucleus 中间外侧核intermediomedial nucleus 中间内侧核substantia gelatinosa[s∧b'stæn∫i↔dʒel↔ti'n↔us↔] 胶状质anterior (posterior) funiculus[fju:'nikul↔s] 前(后)索lateral funiculus 外侧索fasciculus gracilis['græcilis]薄束fasciculus cuneatus['ku:niit↔s] 楔束*spinothalamic tract[,spain↔uθ↔'læmik]脊髓丘脑束*corticospinal tract[,kɔ:ti↔u'spainl] 皮质脊髓束*encephalon,brain [en'sef↔lɔn] [brein] 脑*brain stem[stem] 脑干*medulla oblongata[,ɔblɔη'geit↔] 延髓*pyramid['pir↔mid] 锥体decussation of pyramid['dek∧'sei∫↔n] 锥体交叉olive['ɔliv]橄揽gracile tubercle ['græsail]薄束结节cuneate tubercle['kju:niit] 楔束结节*pons[pɔnz] 脑桥fourth ventricle 第四脑室rhomboid fossa[rɔm'bɔid] 菱形窝locus ceruleus ['l↔uk↔s si'ru:lj↔s] 蓝斑*mesencephalon, midbrain[,mesen'sef↔lɔn],['midbrein] 中脑superior(inferior) colliculus[kɔ'likjul↔s] 上(下)丘crus cerebri[kr∧s] 大脑脚oculomotor nucleus[,ɔkjul↔u'm↔ut↔] 动眼神经核accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核,E-W核ambiguous nucleus[æm'bigju↔s] 疑核superior (inferior) salivatory nucleus[sæ'liv↔t↔ri] 上(下)涎核gracile nucleus['græsail]薄束核cuneate nucleus['kju:niit] 楔束核trapezoid body['træpizɔid] 斜方体red nucleus 红核*substantia nigra[s∧b'stæn∫i↔'naigr↔] 黑质*medial lemniscus[lem'nisk↔s] 内侧丘系lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系*trigeminal lemniscus[trai'dʒemin↔l] 三叉丘系*corticonuclear tract [,kɔ:tik↔u'nju:kli↔] 皮质核束pyramidal tract(system)[pi'ræmidl]锥体束(系)reticular formation of brain stem 脑干网状结构*cerebellum[,seri'bel↔m] 小脑tonsil cerebellum ['tɔnsl] 小脑扁桃体dentate nucleus['denteit] 齿状核*diencephalon [,daien'sef↔lɔn] 间脑*dorsal thalamus ['θæl↔m↔s] 背侧丘脑metathalamus[,met↔'θæl↔m↔s] 后丘脑medial (lateral) geniculate body[dʒi'nikjulit] 内(外)侧膝状体epithalamus[,epi'θæl↔m↔s] 上丘脑pineal body['pini↔l] 松果体*hypothalamus[,haip↔u'θæl↔m↔s] 下丘脑*supraoptic nucleus[,sju:pre'ɔptik] 视上核*paraventricular nucleus[,pær↔ven'trikjul↔] 室旁核infundibular nucleus[,inf∧n'dibjul↔] 漏斗核subthalamus [s∧b'θæl↔m↔s] 底丘脑*telencephalon [,telen'sef↔lɔn] 端脑*cerebrum['seribr↔m] 大脑*cerebral gyri['dʒai↔rai] 大脑回*frontal lobe[l↔ub] 额叶precentral sulcus (gyrus)['dʒai↔r↔s] 中央前沟(回)*parietal lobe[p↔'raiitl] 顶叶postcentral sulcus (gyrus)[p↔ust'sentr↔l] 中央后沟(回)*occipital lobe 枕叶*temporal lobe 颞叶*insula ['insjul↔] 岛叶,脑岛*limbic lobe(system)['limbik] 边缘叶(系)*hippocampus['hip↔u'kæmp↔s] 海马dentate gyrus['denteit] 齿状回septal area['septl] 隔区*cerebral cortex['seribr↔l] 大脑皮质lateral ventricle 侧脑室*basal nuclei ['beisl 'nju:kliai] 基底核*corpus striatum['kɔ:p↔s strai'eit↔m] 纹状体*caudate nucleus['kɔ:deit] 尾状核lenticular nucleus[len'tikjul↔] 豆状核*putamen[pju;'teim↔n] 壳*globus pallidus['gl↔ub↔s 'pælid↔s] 苍白球amygdaloid body[↔'migd↔lɔid] 杏仁体corpus callosum ['kɔ:pæs k↔'l↔us↔m] 胼胝体fornix['fɔ:niks]穹窿*internal capsule['kæpsju:l]内囊proprioceptive sensory pathway[,pr↔upri↔u'septiv]本体感觉传导通路pain temperature pathway [pein 'temp↔rit∫↔] 痛温觉传导通路simple touch pathway 粗略触觉传导通路visual (auditory) pathway 视(听)觉传导通路upper(lower)motor neuron 上(下)运动神经元*pyramidal system['pir↔midl] 锥体系*extrapyramidal system[ekstr↔pi'ræmid↔l] 锥体外系chemical pathway 化学通路meninges[mi'nindʒi:z] 脑脊膜*spinal dura mater['dju↔r↔ 'meit↔] 硬脊膜epidural space[epi'dju↔r↔l] 硬膜外隙subdural space[s∧b'dju↔r↔l] 硬膜下隙*spinal arachnoid mater[↔'ræknɔid] 脊髓蛛网膜*subarachnoid space[,s∧b↔'ræknɔid] 蛛网膜下隙*spinal pia mater['pai↔] 软脊膜*cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜*cerebral falx[fælks]大脑镰*tentorium of cerebellum [ten'tɔ:ri↔m] 小脑幕*cavernous sinus['kæv↔n↔s] 海绵窦*venous sinus of dura mater['vi:n↔s] 硬脑膜窦cerebral arachnoidmater [↔'ræknɔid] 脑蛛网膜arachnoid granulations[↔'ræknɔid ,grænju'lei∫↔nz] 蛛网膜(颗)粒cerebral pia mater 软脑膜cerebral a. 脑动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉*basilar a.['bæsil↔] 基底动脉posterior cerebral a. 大脑后动脉*anterior (middle) cerebral a. 大脑前(中)动脉*cerebral arterial circle[a:'ti↔ri↔l 's↔:kl] 大脑动脉环*cerebral spinal fluid[,seribr↔u'spainl 'fluid] 脑脊液endocrine system[,end↔u'krain] 内分泌系统*endocrine glands 内分泌腺*thyroid gland['θairɔid] 甲状腺parathyroid gland[,pær↔'θairɔid] 甲状旁腺*suprarenal gland[,sju;pr↔'ri:nl] 肾上腺*hypophysis, pituitary body[hai'pɔfisis][pi'tju:it↔ri] 垂体*thymus['θaim↔s] 胸腺解剖学专业英语词汇VOCABULARY LIST（补充内容）dissection,dissect [di'sek∫↔n] [di'sekt] 解剖,解剖标本tibial(fibular)['tibi↔l 'fibjul↔] 胫(桡)侧osteology [,ɔsti'ɔl↔dʒi] 骨学costal bone [ 'kɔst↔] 肋骨vomer ['v↔um↔] 犁骨palatine bone ['pæl↔tain] 腭骨lacrimal bone ['lækrim↔l] 泪骨inferior nasal concha ['neiz↔l 'kɔnk↔] 下鼻甲zygomatic bone [,zaig↔u'mætik] 颧骨metacarpal bones[,met↔'kα:p↔l] 掌骨phalanges of fingers[fæ'lændʒi:z] 指骨tarsal bones['tα:s↔l] 跗骨metatarsal bones[,met↔'tα:s↔l] 跖骨phalanges[fæ'lændʒi:z] 趾骨arthrology[α:'θrɔl↔dʒi] 关节学articulation[a:,tikju:'lei∫↔n] 连结,关节fibrous joints['faibr↔s] [dʒɔintz] 纤维连结syndesmosis[,sindez'm↔usis] 韧带连结suture['sju:t∫↔] 缝cartilaginous joints[,kαti'lædʒin↔s] 软骨连结synostosis [,sin↔'st↔usis] 骨性结合articular surface(cavity)[α: 'tikjul↔] 关节面(腔)articular capsule['kæpsju:l]关节囊circumduction 环转temporomandibular joint [,temp↔r↔umæn'dibjul↔] 颞下颌关节pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆medial (lateral) meniscus[mi'nisk↔s] 内（外）侧半月板eversion[iv'↔:∫↔n] 外翻inversion[in'v↔:∫↔n] 内翻mycology[mai'ɔl↔dʒi] 肌学skeletal muscle['skelitl] 骨骼肌cardiac muscle['kα:diæk]心肌smooth muscle[smu:⊗] 平滑肌fascia['fei∫i↔,'fæ∫i↔] 筋膜tendinous sheath['tendin↔s ∫i:θ] 腱鞘latissimus dorsi[l↔'tisim↔s] 背阔肌rectus abdominis [ 'rekt↔s æb'dɔminis] 腹直肌masticatory m.['mæstikeit↔ri] 咀嚼肌piriformis[pi'rifɔ:mis] 梨状肌splanchnology[splæηk'nɔl↔dʒi] 内脏学viscera ['vis↔r↔] 内脏small （large）intestine[in'testin] 小（大）肠paranasal sinuses[,pær↔'neiz↔l] 鼻旁窦pleural cavity ['pu↔r↔l 'kæviti]胸膜腔costodiaphragmatic recess[,kɔst↔u,dai↔fræg'mætik ri'ses]肋膈隐窝mediastinum[,mi:diæs'tain↔m]纵隔penis['pi:nis] 阴茎vagina[v↔'dʒain↔] 阴道peritoneal cavity [,perit↔u'ni:↔l] 腹膜腔angiological system [,ændʒæ'lɔdʒik↔l] 脉管系统circulatory system['s↔:kju:leit↔ri] 循环系统cardiovascular system['kα:di↔u'væskjul↔] 心血管系统capillary[k↔'pil↔ri] 毛细血管systemic (greater) circulation[,s↔:kju'lei∫↔n] 体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation ['p∧lm↔n↔ri] 肺循环，小循环collateral vessel[kɔ'læt↔r↔l vesl] 侧副管（支）sinoatrial node[,sain↔u'eitri↔l n↔ud] 窦房结internodal tract[,int↔'n↔udl] 结间束atrioventricular node[,eitri↔uven'trikjul↔] 房室结atrioventricular bundle[b∧ndl] 房室束left (right) bundle branch 左（右）束支coronary sinus['kɔr↔n↔ri]冠状窦arterial duct(lig.) 动脉导管（韧带）carotid sinus[k↔'rɔtid] 颈动脉窦external (internal) carotid a. 颈外(内)动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉superficial （deep）palmar arch['pælm↔] 掌浅（深）弓common iliac a.['iliæk]髂总动脉internal （external）iliac a.髂内（外）动脉anterior (posterior) tibial a.胫前（后）动脉venous valve['vi:n↔s vælv]静脉瓣pulmonary v. 肺静脉brachiocephalic v.[,bræki↔us'fælik]头臂静脉lymphatic capillary[lim'fætik] 毛细淋巴管lymhatic vessel 淋巴管lymphatic trunks 淋巴干right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结receptor[ri'sept↔] 感受器pupil['pju:pil] 瞳孔optic disc['ɔptik] 视神经盘macula lutea['mækjul↔lju:ti↔] 黄斑fovea centralis ['f↔uvi↔] 中央凹aqueous humour['eikwi↔s 'hju:m↔] 房水conjunctiva[,kɔndʒ∧ηk'taiv↔] 结膜ophthalmic a.[ɔf'θælmik]眼动脉external ear 外耳middle ear 中耳auditory tube['ɔ:dit↔ri] 咽鼓管internal ear 内耳bony (membranous) labyrinth['læb↔rinθ][mem'brein↔s] 骨(膜)迷路peripheral nervous system, PNS[p↔'rif↔r↔l] 周围神经系统visceral nervous system['vis↔r↔l] 内脏神经系统vegetative nervous system['vedʒit↔tiv] 植物神经系统nerve cell [n↔:v sel] 神经细胞soma,cell body['s↔um↔] 胞体dendrite['dendrait] 树突axon [æksɔn] 轴突synapse[si'næps]突触nerve fiber['faib↔] 神经纤维glia[gli↔] 神经胶质fasciculus[f↔'sikjul↔s] 纤维束effector[i'fekt↔] 效应器reflex arc['ri:fleks α:k] 反射弧anterior (posterior) root 前(后)根cervical plexus ['s↔:vik↔l pleks↔s] 颈丛brachial plexus['breikj↔l] 臂丛axillary n.[æk'sil↔ri] 腋神经thoracic n.['θɔ:ræsik] 胸神经lumbar plexus['l∧mb↔] 腰丛obturator n.['ɔbtju↔,reit↔] 闭孔神经sacral plexus['seikr↔l] 骶丛common peroneal n.[,per↔'ni↔l] 腓总神经tibial n.['tibi↔l] 胫神经coccygeal n.[kɔk'sidʒi↔l] 尾神经ciliary ganglion ['sili↔ri] 睫状神经节trigeminal ganglion [trai'dʒemin↔l] 三叉神经节ophthalmic n. [ɔf'θælmik] 眼神经maxillary n. [mæk'sil↔ri] 上颌神经mandibular n. [mæn'dibjul↔] 下颌神经submandibular ganglion [,s∧bmæn'dibjul↔] 下颌下神经节pterygopalatine ganglion [,terig↔u'pæl↔taiin] 翼腭神经节otic ganglion[↔utik] 耳神经节preganglionic neuron[,pri:gæηgli'ɔnik] 节前神经元postganglionic neuron[,p↔ustgæηgli'ɔnik] 节后神经元sympathetic ganglion 交感神经节white (gray) communicating branch 白(灰)交通支greater splanchnic n.[,splæηknik] 内脏大神经c(o)eliac ganglion 腹腔神经节parasympathetic ganglion 副交感神经节substantia gelatinosa[s∧b'stæn∫i↔dʒel↔ti'n↔us↔] 胶状质fasciculus gracilis['græcilis]薄束fasciculus cuneatus['ku:niit↔s] 楔束decussation of pyramid['dek∧'sei∫↔n] 锥体交叉olive['ɔliv]橄揽gracile (cuneate) tubercle ['græsail] ['kju:niit]薄(楔)束结节fourth ventricle 第四脑室rhomboid fossa[rɔm'bɔid] 菱形窝locus ceruleus ['l↔uk↔s si'ru:lj↔s] 蓝斑superior(inferior) colliculus[kɔ'likjul↔s] 上(下)丘crus cerebri[kr∧s] 大脑脚oculomotor nucleus[,ɔkjul↔u'm↔ut↔] 动眼神经核accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核ambiguous nucleus[æm'bigju↔s] 疑核superior (inferior) salivatory nucleus[sæ'liv↔t↔ri] 上(下)涎核gracile (cuneate) nucleus['græsail] ['kju:niit]薄(楔)束核red nucleus 红核lateral lemniscus[lem'nisk↔s] 外侧丘系pyramidal tract(system)[pi'ræmidl]锥体束(系)reticular formation of brain stem 脑干网状结构tonsil of cerebellum ['tɔnsl] 小脑扁桃体dentate nucleus['denteit] 齿状核metathalamus[,met↔'θæl↔m↔s] 后丘脑medial (lateral) geniculate body[dʒi'nikjulit] 内(外)侧膝状体epithalamus[,epi'θæl↔m↔s] 上丘脑pineal body['pini↔l] 松果体subthalamus [s∧b'θæl↔m↔s] 底丘脑precentral sulcus (gyrus)['dʒai↔r↔s] 中央前沟(回)postcentral sulcus (gyrus)[p↔ust'sentr↔l] 中央后沟(回)lateral ventricle 侧脑室lenticular nucleus[len'tikjul↔] 豆状核amygdaloid body[↔'migd↔lɔid] 杏仁体corpus callosum ['kɔ:pæs k↔'l↔us↔m] 胼胝体fornix['fɔ:niks]穹窿proprioceptive sensory pathway[,pr↔upri↔u'septiv]本体感觉传导通路。

英文解剖AnatomyAnatomy is the study of the structure and organization of living organisms. It focuses on the physical structures and parts of the body, from bones and muscles to organs and tissues. The field of anatomy can be broken down into several sub-disciplines, including embryology, gross anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy.Embryology is the study of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth. It is concerned with the formation of all the body's major structures and organs, including the brain, heart, and limbs.Gross anatomy, also known as macroscopic anatomy, is the study of the structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye. This includes the skeleton, muscles, and organs.Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and cells. It involves the use of microscopy to examine the structure and function of cells and tissues in great detail.Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and function of the nervous system. It involves the study of neurons, nerves, and the brain, as well as their functions in the body.Anatomy is an important area of study for healthcare professionals, as it provides a foundation for understanding the structure and function of the body. It is also an important area of research, asnew discoveries and advancements in anatomy can lead to new treatments and therapies for a wide range of conditions and diseases.。

Objective:Students will be able to identify and describe the major bones of the human skeletal system, their functions, and their interconnections.Duration:1 hourMaterials:- Human skeletal system models or diagrams- Labelled bones sheets- Whiteboard and markers- Pencils and erasers- Activity sheets (optional)- Group work materials (e.g., dice, colored cards)Preparation:1. Prepare labeled diagrams of the skeletal system and individual bones.2. Create activity sheets with questions and tasks related to the skeletal system.3. Set up the classroom with the skeletal system models or diagrams visible to all students.Lesson Outline:1. Introduction (5 minutes)- Begin with a brief overview of the importance of the skeletal system in the human body.- Ask students to recall what they know about bones and the skeletal system.2. Direct Instruction (15 minutes)- Display a labeled diagram of the human skeletal system on the whiteboard.- Explain the two main divisions of the skeletal system: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.- Discuss the functions of the skeletal system, such as support, protection, movement, and blood cell production.- Point out the major bones in each division and their respective functions.3. Interactive Activity: Label the Bones (10 minutes)- Hand out labeled bones sheets to students.- Instruct students to find the corresponding bones on the skeletal system model or diagram and label them.- Encourage students to work in pairs or small groups to reinforce their learning.4. Group Discussion (10 minutes)- Divide the class into small groups.- Assign each group a specific bone or group of bones (e.g., skull, spine, pelvis) to research and discuss.- Have each group present their findings to the class, focusing on the bone's structure, function, and significance in the skeletal system.5. Activity Sheet (15 minutes)- Distribute activity sheets with questions related to the skeletal system.- Allow students to work individually or in pairs to answer the questions.- Collect the activity sheets for assessment.6. Review and Wrap-up (5 minutes)- Summarize the key points discussed during the lesson.- Ask students to volunteer answers to review questions.- Encourage students to ask any remaining questions.7. Homework Assignment (Optional)- Assign a related homework task, such as drawing a detailed diagram of a specific bone or writing a short essay on the importance of the skeletal system in human health.Assessment:- Observe student participation in group discussions and interactive activities.- Collect and review the activity sheets for understanding of key concepts.- Assess homework assignments for depth of understanding and completion.Extensions:- Invite a guest speaker, such as a medical professional or a physical therapist, to discuss the practical applications of anatomy in real-life scenarios.- Organize a lab practical where students can dissection models of bones to gain a hands-on understanding of the skeletal system.Note:This template can be adapted to include other systems of the human body by replacing the content related to the skeletal system with the appropriate subject matter.。

医学常用解剖部位专业英语翻译[MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR COMMON ANATOMICAL LOCATIONS IN ENGLISH]IntroductionIn the field of medicine, accurate communication is essential for effective diagnosis, treatment, and research. A crucial aspect of medical communication involves the precise translation of anatomical locations into English. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the professional English translations for commonly used anatomical terms.Head and Neck1. Cranial Cavity - The space within the skull, which houses the brain.2. Temporal Bone - The bone located on the side of the skull, near the temples.3. Mandible - The lower jawbone.4. Cervical Spine - The portion of the spine comprising the neck region.Chest and Abdomen1. Thorax - The chest region between the neck and abdomen, containing the heart, lungs, and other vital organs.2. Sternum - The long, flat bone in the center of the chest.3. Diaphragm - A muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.4. Liver - The largest organ in the body, responsible for various metabolic functions.5. Spleen - An organ located on the left side of the abdomen, involved in immune response and blood filtration.6. Appendix - A tube-like structure attached to the large intestine.Upper Limbs1. Scapula - The shoulder blade.2. Humerus - The bone of the upper arm or forelimb.3. Radius - The bone in the forearm on the thumb side.4. Ulna - The bone in the forearm on the little finger side.5. Carpals - The bones forming the wrist.6. Metacarpals - The bones between the wrist and fingers.7. Phalanges - The bones of the fingers.Lower Limbs1. Femur - The bone of the thigh.2. Patella - The kneecap.3. Tibia - The inner and larger bone of the lower leg.4. Fibula - The outer and smaller bone of the lower leg.5. Tarsals - The bones forming the ankle.6. Metatarsals - The bones between the ankle and toes.7. Phalanges - The bones of the toes.Back and Spine1. Vertebra - Each of the individual bones forming the spine.2. Lumbar Spine - The lower part of the spine, between the ribcage and pelvis.3. Sacrum - A triangular bone at the base of the spine.4. Coccyx - The tailbone, located at the very bottom of the spine.ConclusionAccurate translation of anatomical locations is crucial in the medical field to ensure effective communication among healthcare professionals. Familiarity with the professional English translations for commonly used anatomical terms is essential for medical students, practitioners, and researchers. By adhering to the precise terminology described in this article, medical professionals can enhance their ability to communicate effectively and ensure optimal patient care.。