华东师范大学外汉考研作文历年真题(1999—2009)

华东师范大学汉语言文学硕士研究生考试真题1、1《荷花淀》是孙犁的散文。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错2、对《红楼梦》第三十三回宝玉挨打的原因，分析不正确的一项是( ) [单选题] *A.宝玉会见官僚贾雨村时无精打采，令贾政很不满意。

B.宝玉与琪官的交往激怒了忠顺王爷，给贾政无端招来政治纠纷。

C.宝玉挨打实是贾政将因金钏之死而引发的对王夫人的不满转到宝玉身上。

(正确答案)D.贾政痛恨宝玉离经叛道、不走仕途之路，不能兴振家业，甚至有可能会损害家族利益。

3、关联词：在中纬度地区，（）是近赤道区域，很少出现极光，但不是说压根观测不到极光[单选题] *所以因此尤其(正确答案)特别4、1列夫托尔斯泰是19世纪伟大的批判现实主义的杰出代表，他被公认为全世界的文学泰斗。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、“俊眼修眉，顾盼神飞，文彩精华，见之忘俗”“腮凝新荔，鼻腻鹅脂，温柔沉默，观之可亲”分别写的是哪两个人物？( ) [单选题] *A.贾探春贾迎春(正确答案)B.贾探春薛宝钗C.史湘云贾迎春D.史湘云薛宝钗6、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、樯橹qiáng酹lèi 吟啸xiào羽扇纶巾guān(正确答案)B、笺注qiān 赤鼻矶jī蓑衣suō料峭qiāoC、针砭biǎn 粗糙cāo 差别chā创伤chuāngD、战栗zhàn炽烈chì对称chèng 万箭攒心cuán7、下列词语中，加着重号字的注音不正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、蠕动(rú)艾蒿(hāo) 聆听(líng)B、残羹(gēng)给予(jǐ) 湍急(tuān)C、悚然(sǒng) 允诺(nuò) 弹丸(dàn)D、侍坐(shì) 徘徊(huí) 凌驾(léng)(正确答案)8、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、撑着zhǎng 彷徨páng 凄清qī雨巷xiàngB、彳亍chù凄婉wǎn 颓圮pǐ迷茫méngC、河畔pàn 荡漾yàng 青荇xìng 长篙gāo(正确答案)D、斑斓lán 沉淀dìng 似的sì泥古nì9、46. 下列句子中加双引号的成语使用正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．北京冬奥会已经“销声匿迹”，人们便要潜心剖析它留下了什么精粹。

华东师范大学2009年基础英语考研真题Section Ⅰ:Words and PhraseChoose the most suitable word to complete each sentence. (45 points total in this section with 3 points for each item)1.A full-size tripod is far too ＿＿to carry around .I find this pocket-sized one is much handier.A. overweightB. ineptC. unwieldyD. outsize2.Many diseases that used to be considered＿＿of mankind are now easily treatable with antibiotics.A. scourgesB. blightsC. torturesD. thorns3. She knows she needs exercise, but finds going to the gym a＿＿.A. jobB. toilC. workD. chore4.The special effects were quiet good , but that＇s more than could be＿＿for the acting.A. mentionedB. spokenC. saidD. told５．There has been s great deal of＿＿surrounding the closure of the hospital.A. discrepancyB. combatC. disparityD. controversy6.There are a ＿＿reason why a patient might decide not to consulta doctor.A. crowdB. multitudeC. delugeD. horde7.There are some safety＿＿in connection with the new building that still need to be addressed.A. worriesB. caresC. troublesD. concerns8.If you don＇t eat fruit and vegetables, you may suffer from a vitamin＿＿.A. shortageB. insufficiencyC. deficiencyD. defect9.Some actors suffer from stage＿＿before every performance.A. frightB. fearC. anxietyD. panic10.After the earthquake, the entrance hall was turned into a ＿＿casualty ward.A. mainstayB. makeshiftC. pieceworkD. wayside11.The sun＿＿behind the mountain, giving the whole sky a rosy glow.A. layB. settleC. setD. tumbled12.It＇s a ＿＿for decent jobs these days, so you need every qualification you can get.A. scrambleB. jumbleC. jostleD. flurry13.The artist＇s use of swirls of＿＿colors conveys a sense of excitement.A. vigorousB. drasticC. vibrantD. strident14.There is＿＿pressure on the minister responsible for the disaster to resign.A. intenseB. compulsiveC. sturdyD. prevailing15.It＇s a modern city, full of＿＿tower block.A. risingB. heavingC. ascendingD. soaringSectionⅡ:Error CorrectionRead the extract and the ten mistakes. (30 points total with 3 for each item)A ReviewOrganized by the national gallery of Scotland on collaboration with the royal academy of arts, Rembrandt＇s Women was first been acclaimed by the critics, at its opening this summer in Edinburgh. Do not expect the emotional impact from his best-known masterpieces such like “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicola＇s Tulp”: rather , the exhibition is valued for bringing under the spotlight the fascinating intertwining of private life and artistic matter in Rembrandt＇s portrayals of women.The exhibition is the first to focus in the subject of Rembrandt＇s depiction of womankind, and feature a total 141 drawings, etchings and paintings, ranging from mythological or biblical subjects up to intimateportrayals. At chronological order, we see the development of Rembrandt＇s sensitive and perceptive depiction of women with it＇s unparalleled blend of universal and personal elements. If, on the one hand, his realism, inspired by Caravaggio, shocked contemporaries because of this refusal of classical standards of idealized beauty, in the other hand the influence from Titian and Carracci＇s classicism are clear.Section Ⅲ:Reading ComprehensionYou will read an excerpt from Room with a View by E.M. Forster. Read and answer the questions that fallow. (35points total in this section with5 for each item)A passionate musicianIt so happened that Lucy, who found daily life rather chaotic, enter a more solid world when she opened the piano. She was then no longer either deferential or patronizing; no longer either a rebel or a slave. The kingdom of music is not the kingdom of this world; it will accept those whom breeding and intellect and culture have alike rejected. The commonplace person begins to play, and shoots into the empyrean without effort, whilst we look up, marveling how he has escaped us, and thinking how we could worship him and love him would he but translate his visions into human actions. Perhaps he cannot; certainly he does not, or does so very seldom. Lucy had done so never.She was no dazzling execultante; nor was she the passionate young lady, who performs so tragically on a summer’s evening with the window open. Passion was there, but it could not be easily labeled. And she was tragical only in the sense that she was great, for she loved to play on the side of Victory. Victory of what and over what-that is more than the words of daily life can tell us. But that some sonatas of Beethoven are written tragic no one can gainsay; yet they can triumph or despair as the player decides, and Lucy had decided that they should triumph.A very wet afternoon at the Pension Bertolini permitted her to do the thing she had really like, and after lunch she opened –the little draped piano. A few people lingered round and praised her playing, but find it that she made no reply, dispersed to their rooms to write up their diaries or to sleep. She took no notice of Mr. Emerson looking for his son, nor of Miss Bartlett looking for Miss Lavish, nor Miss Lavish looking for her book. Like every true performer, she was intoxicated by the mere feel of the notes.Mr. Beebe, sitting unnoticed in the window, pondered over this illogical element in Lucy Honeychurch, and recalled the occasion at Tunbridge Well when he had discovered it. It was at one of the those entertainments where the upper classes entertain the lower. The seats were filled with a respectful audience, and the Indies and gentlemen of this parish, under the auspices of their vicar, sang, or recited, or imitated the drawing of a champagne cork. Among the promised items was ‘Miss Honeychurch. Piano. Beethoven’, and Mr. Deebe was wondering whether it would be ‘Adelaida’, or the march of ‘The Ruins of Athens’, when his composure was disturbed by the opening bars of Opus Ⅲ. He was in suspense all through the introduction for not until the pace quickens dose one know what the performer intends. With the roar of the opening theme he knew that things were going extraordinary; in the chords that herald the conclusion he heard the hammer strokes of victory. He was glad that she only played the first movement, for he could have paid no attention to the winding intricacies of the measure of nine-sixteen. The audience clapped, no less respectful. It was Mr. Bebee who started the stamping; it was all that one could do.“Who is she?” he asked the vicar afterwards.‘ Cousin of one of my parishioner. I do not consider of her choice of a piece happy Beethoven is so usually simple and direct in his appeal thatit is sheer perversity to choose a thing like that , which, if anything disturbs.’When he was introduced, Mr. Beebe realized that Miss Honeychurch, disjoined from her music-stool, was only a young lady with a very pretty, pale, underdeveloped face. She loved going to concerts, she love stopping with her cousin, she loved iced coffee and meringues. But before he left Tunbridge Wells he made a remark to the vicar, which he now made to Lucy herself when she closed the little piano and moved dreamily towards him. ‘ If Miss Honeyvhurch ever takes to live as she plays, it will be exciting—both for us and for her.’Select the best answers to the question or complete to sentences.1.In the first paragraph we told that _______.A.one needs to reject worldly pleasure to truly develop musicaltalentB.music is sometimes regarded as a substitute for creationC.there is often a mismatch between great musical talent andordinary lifeD.it is amazing how great an effect music tends to have on our lives2.Lucy’s piano playing______.A.displayed a mixture of strong feelingsB.tended to be rather melodramaticC.failed to capture the tragic nature of some musicD.was marred by some inaccuracies3.When she played at the Pension Bertolini, Lucy ______.A.wished she could play betterB.asked to be left aloneC.resented being interruptedD.was engrossed in the music4.What did Mr. Beebe realize at the entertainment he remembers atTunbridge Wells?A.That the vicar had vetted the contributionsB.That Lucy had a special musical talentC.That Lucy’s was the only performance of any valueD.That the audience were duty-bound to show appreciation5.What surprised Mr. Beebe when he heard Lucy at Tunbridge Wells?A.Lug’s choice of composerB.The way the opening theme developedC.Lucy’s choice of pieceD.The fact that Lucy didn’t play more of the work6.What was the vicar’s attitude to the music Lucy played?A.It was daring.B.It was offensive.C.It was too difficult.D.It was unsuitable.7.Wheat was Mr. Beebe’s reaction when he met Lucy?A.He was pleased that she enjoyed simple pleasures.B.He was disappointed at how ordinary she was.C.He felt that she ought to make life more seriously.D. He was surprised that she wasn’t as beautiful he had imagined.Section Ⅳ: WritingRead the following quote and write an article of at least 500 words long for a newspaper to argue for or against the author’s opinion.(40 points for this section)We shall live to see the day, I trust, when no man shall build his house for posterity. He might just as reasonably order a durable suit of clothes… so that his great-grandchildren should cut precisely the same figure in the world…I doubt whether even one public edifice…should bebuilt of such permanent materials…Better that they should crumble to ruin, once in twenty years or thereabouts, as a hint to the people to reform the institutions which they symbolize.Nathaniel Hawthorne Should buildings be built to crumble to ruin every twenty years?Write an essay in response to this question.参考答案及解析SectionⅠ：Words and Phrase1.C unwieldy笨重庞大的，不易移动的。

一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．《春秋》是体史书。

2．二十世纪初，河南安阳境内出土了大量刻有文字的商代文献，史称。

3．战国时期，中国社会开始由分裂走向统一，许多小国被大国吞并，出现了齐、楚、秦、燕、赵、魏、韩个大国，史称“”。

4．《向日葵》是荷兰画家最著名的绘画作品之一。

5．公元前4世纪中国已有世界上最早的星表，比希腊人依巴古测编的西方最早的星表要早200年。

6．强调“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的是。

7．中国花鸟画的技法可分工笔与写意两种，其题材最为集中的有松、竹、梅，称作“”。

8．中国佛教史上，纯属中国佛教的一个重要流派是。

9．在中国，节俗活动有登高、赏菊、佩带茱萸等的传统节日是。

10．在中日两国早期交往的历史中，有东渡日本的传说。

11．中国少数民族三大史诗，《江格尔》就是其中之一，它是族的著名史诗。

12．著《太极图说》的是宋代的。

13．主张“明于天人之分”的思想家是。

14．《毛诗》所谓诗有“六义”，即：风、赋、、兴、雅、颂。

15．成书于公元前3世纪的《》是中医学最古老而完整的医学典籍，它奠定了中医的理论基础。

16．《红楼梦》又名《》。

17．明代最流行的话本是《三言》、《两拍》，这是明代人冯梦龙和辑录的宋代话本及拟话本集的总称。

18．元代文人画四大家是指黄公望、、吴镇、倪瓒。

19．关于希腊神话与传说的最著名的史诗是荷马的《》和《奥德赛》。

20．唐玄宗时，宫廷中设立有教演艺人的专门场所，称作“”。

21．二十四节气中，每月分为两段，月首叫“”，月中叫“中气”。

22．唐太宗临死前一再嘱咐要用王羲之的真迹《》陪葬，让它始终伴随身边，可见他的书法受人珍重的程度。

23．孟郊《游子吟》中，“谁言寸草心”的下一句是。

24．中国的最高立法机关是。

25． Grise提出的“合作原则”包括量的准则、质的准则、切题准则和准则。

26．塔起源于印度的“窣都婆”，汉文译作“浮屠”或“”。

27．贾思勰的《齐民要术》一书记载的人工选育良种法，已接触到环境影响遗传性性状的问题，比达尔文《》的叙述早了1000多年。

华东师范大学
2009年攻读硕士研究生入学试题
壹语言学理论部分（共40分）
一、判断以下说法的正误，正确的请打√，错误的请打×。

（每题1分，共10分）
四、操作题（共20分）
九、舉例說明賓語前置句的句型。

（5分）
十、寫出仄起、首句不入韻的五言律詩的平仄格式。

（8分）
十一、標點、翻譯下麵的短文。

（5分）
莊子將死弟子欲厚葬之莊子曰吾以天地為棺槨以日月為連璧星辰為珠璣萬物為齎送吾葬具豈不備邪何以加此弟子曰吾恐鳥鳶之食吾子也莊子曰在上為鳥鳶食之在下為螻蟻食奪與此何其偏也。

华东师范大学对外汉语教学专业2005、2006年考研专业课真题解析作文我们先看一下作文。

这里解析的是05年和06年的作文试卷。

05年的作文题目是《我看文化与语言的关系》，只有一篇大作文，要求议论文体，2000字以上。

06年题目是篇半命题、根据材料的议论文。

大致的意思是：目前国内韩流一片汹涌，“汉流”也在发展壮大中，“孔子学院”在全球各地纷纷建立，针对这一现状，我们应该如何看待现在的“汉流”，要求说出自己的观点和理解，言之有物，2000字以上。

06年还有一篇小作文，也是采取的根据给出的材料，阐述自己的观点。

中心是关于针对目前国内大学文科的发展提出自己的看法。

今年作文具体的题目应该很快就可以复印。

从以往的作文命题来看，没有特别的规律性，但总的趋势仿佛是越来越和语言文化相关，也就是和翻译专业和对外汉语所涉及的专业性在加强。

作文的复习，很多人都强调平时的积累，现场的临场发挥，以考察考生的思维能力、知识面和文字的驾驭能力。

当时我复习作文时，也曾经胆战心惊。

毕竟作文150分，仅仅靠临场发挥，好像终归是不保险。

由于现如今作文命题的专业性加强，我建议大家在复习其他科目的同时，多读一些有关语言文字方面的书籍和文章。

书和文章不是那种专业性很强的，在图书馆中有很多这方面的随笔和散文类的文字，像是南方朔的《语言是我们的居所》，陈原《在语言的密林里》之类的书。

多读一些，对有关文字、语言、文化方面的东西可以渐渐形成自己的idea,不要仅仅局限于教科书上的说法。

这里，我给出大家几篇文章的名字，基本上在网上都可以找得到，读读会有所收获：《少数民族地域语言是一种文化资源》，《英文汉字，各领风骚》，《网络语言、汉语、“新民族”》,《汉语的拯救》、《汉语的开放》,《语言，走过历史的沧桑》,《中国传统文化与全球化》……等等。

关键字就这么几个，自己可以在网上多搜搜。

多关注语言文字文化方面的新动态，像双语教学的利与弊，方言的变迁和普通话的地位、祭孔的争议等等这样的。

第一部分翻译（共80分）一、改错1．ハイヒールの音がして女性があらわれた。

燃えるような金髪で、たしなみのいいスーツ。

三十前後、若さの美が消えかける寸前、かわって熟した果実の艷が全身をつつんでいる。

译文：这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。

30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕，全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。

【答案】这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。

30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，专属青春的美艳即将消失，取而代之的是全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。

【解析】译文将「若さの美が消えかける寸前」翻译为“正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕”是不够准确，「かける」接下动词的连用形后面确实可以表示动作的开始，但在这句话中应该表示的是动作的即将发生，即“将要消失”。

2．ガラスごしに中が見えたが、ポル卜ガル文化庁の役人らしい人が、退屈そうに新聞を読んでいた。

きちんと髮をなでつけ、窮屈そうな背広にネクタイ。

赴任してきて愕然としたのではあるまいか。

シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？译文：隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。

头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。

还不知道该如何向人们普及葡萄牙文化，他们喜欢巻起汗衫并用晾衣夹固定在肩上。

【答案】隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。

头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。

面对喜欢卷起汗衫并用晾衣架固定在肩上的人们，他们还不知道如何去普及葡萄牙文化。

【解析】译文对原文最后一句话的「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？」有误。

这句话的主语是「役人らしい人」，「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた」修饰「人々」的定语，而不是译文中翻译的那样修饰「役人らしい人」。

华东师大中文系考研真题资料实行[文学基础]科考试之前的分科考试真题(1996--2002) (2003年之前未实行[文学基础]科考试,各专业基础课试卷不同)一、古代文学华东师范大学研究生入学考试古代文学（1998—2002）1998一、名词解释：春秋三传报任安书文选元白慢词南戏二、简答：1．《庄子》中的人物形象2．《古诗十九首》的意义3．东晋玄言诗的起因4．比较韩愈、柳宗元的散文艺术特色5．《长恨歌》的思想与艺术特色6．苏东坡词的贡献三、论述：1．晚唐五代的重点词人点评2．秦观、黄庭坚诗中唐人所没有的特色3．正始诗风与建安诗风的不同与其原因4．小谢的山水诗对大谢的发展？5．为何元曲乃一代文学之代表？6．评析鲁迅对《红楼梦》的评价7．屈原的文学精神以及影响1999 A一、名词解释：三百篇古风文选钟嵘班马诗集传风骚关雎长庆体初唐四杰二、简答：1．初唐诗歌的成就与影响2．江西词派的形成与特色3．宋道学家的文学理想三、论述：赏析秦韬玉《贫女》的思想内容和艺术特色1999 B一、名词解释：郑笺文选别裁赠序琴趣入话游夏唐宋派三省六部二、简答：1．建安诗歌的特点和地位2．《史记》的地位与影响三、论述：1．列出你知道的唐诗总集，并择一评论2．你对盛唐气象的看法3．分析柳宗元、苏轼一贬再贬后作品基调和风格却迥异的原因4．评论韩愈文硬直见本领，欧阳修、曾巩文柔婉见涵养……2000一、名词解释：《春秋》永明体新乐府西昆派头回童心说肌理说二、简答：1．庄子散文的艺术特色2．《文心雕龙》的主要观点3．唐传奇的三个阶段4．公安派的文学主张5．《世说新语》的重要内容和艺术成就6．辛弃疾词的艺术风格三、论述：1．唐诗气象及其阶段性特征2．评述宋词发展的几个阶段3．词体的起源、形成和流变4．明清小说的发展线索5．你对《红楼梦》的评析6．评述近几年明清小说的研究概况2001一、名词解释：风骚汉乐府建安风骨张王乐府西昆体肌理说文苑英华浙西词派散曲桐城派二、简答：1．诸子散文分为哪几个阶段，各有什么代表作？2．《史记》人物描写的特色3．李白、杜甫诗风的比较4．《桃花扇》是怎样“借离合之情，写兴亡之感”的？5．《聊斋志异》的思想内容与艺术成就三、论述：1．评述《离骚》兼得《国风》的“好色不淫”、《小雅》的“怨诽不乱”这个观点2．《庄子》的主要思想内容和艺术特色3．以具体作品评论一下三曹的艺术差异4．简论谢灵运的诗5．南北朝乐府民歌的不同和原因6．你对唐诗分期的见解7．你对唐诗之争的看法8．你最喜欢的一首唐诗或宋词，为什么？2002一、名词解释：《春秋》笔法起兴《楚辞章句》乐府《文心雕龙》九品中正制近体诗盛唐气象古文运动风雅词浙西词派元杂剧拟话本桐城派五音二、简答：1．《左传》的艺术特征2．汉赋的发展流变3．南北朝乐府民歌的不同特点4．王维诗的艺术成就5．北宋前期词的点石成金主张和其诗创作6．《三国演义》中曹操的艺术形象7．高明《琵琶记》的艺术成就三、论述：1．《庄子》的主要思想倾向和艺术特征2．以具体作品论述二谢山水诗的不同3．谈谈你对“太史公文，韩得其雄，欧得其逸。

南师大2009级硕士研究生学位英语考试（翻译与写作）（共11页）English Test for Non-English Major Postgraduates(January，2010)Part One: TranslationI. Put the following passages into Chinese. (25%)Passage 1 ( 15%)Culture is a word that has so many meanings already that one more can do it no harm. For anthropologists culture has long stood for the way of life of a people, for the sum of their learned behavior patterns, attitudes, and material things. Though they subscribe to this general view, most anthropologists tend to disagree however, on what the precise substance of culture is. In practice their work often leads some of them to a fascination with a single category of events among the many which make up human life, and they tend to think of this as the essence of all culture. In sum, though the concept of culture was first defined in print in 1871 by E. B. Tylor, after all these years it still lacks the rigorous specificity which characterizes many less revolutionary and useful ideas.Culture hides much more than it reveals, and strangely enough what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants. Y ears of study have convinced me that the real job is not to understand foreign culture but to understand our own. I am also convinced that all that one ever gets from studying foreign culture is a token understanding. The ultimate reason for such study is to learn more about how one’s own system works. The best reason for exposing oneself to foreign ways is to generate a sense of vitality and awareness---an interest in life which can come only when one lives through the shock of contrast and difference.The best reason for the layman to spend time studying culture is that he can learn something useful and enlightening about himself. This can be an interesting process, at times harrowing but ultimately rewarding. One of the most effective ways to learn about oneself is by taking seriously the culture of others. It forces you to pay attention to those details of life which differentiate them from you.注释：1. E. B. Tylor：泰勒（1832—1917），英国人类学家。

华东师范大学翻译硕士MTI真题1.词语与句子翻译(共30分)请将下列汉语短语翻译成英语(10分)1)打造中国经济的升级版2)转变政府职能3)扩大全方位主动开放4)中国上海自由贸易试验区5)宏观调控方式6)绿水青山7)改革红利8)反腐倡廉9)证券交易所10)增强社会创造力请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语(20分)11) China’s vulgar rich: befriended but unloved.12) The Sochi 2014 torch is based on motifs from Russian folklore and ideas of innovation and technological breakthroughs.13) The Chinese garden is primarily not a single wide open space, but is divided into corridors and courts, in which buildings, and not plant life, dominate.14) All writing depends on the generosity of the reader. (Alberto Manguel)15) Calligraphy as writing and as art.16) If I felJ through the earth, what would happen in the center?17) Book of the Times: The Invisible Man.18) In 1963, most Americans did not yet believe that gender equality was possible or even desirable.19) But the innovation failed to catch the public imagination and sales were painfully slow. Microsoft was on the back foot.20) It is no wonder the island (The Philippine island of Boracay) has been featured in a variety of publications, and it’s a top beach destination on the popular Internet travel site tripadvisor. com.2.汉译英(60分)中国佛教建筑的发展可以追溯到佛教在汉代被引入中国时。

华东师大中文系考研真题(2003—2020)2003年文学基础一、名词说明(30分)1、比兴2、桐城派3、新写实小说4、川端康成5、荷马史诗二、简答题（50分。

第一、二题每题15分，第三、四题每题10分）1、汉乐府民歌的思想内容与艺术特点是什么？2、试以《第二十二条军规》为例，说明“黑色幽默”的特点。

3、简述《新青年》在“五四”文学革命中的历史作用4、象征型文学具有哪些大体特点？三、论述题（70分。

第一题30分，必做；第二、三、四题选做二题，每题20分）1、什么是期待视野？期待视野要紧呈现为哪些层次？请运用期待视野的相关理论说明文学同意活动中的某种具表现象。

2、试述唐宋古文运动的中心内容与进展进程。

3、试论京派作家的小说创作成绩。

4、19世纪浪漫主义文学在英国、法国别离有哪些具体表现？2003年作文1、《机缘》（90分）要求：（1）字数为1000-1200字。

（2）不能用诗歌、小说和剧本撰写。

2、欧阳修有“诗穷而后工”之说，厨川白村称文学乃“苦闷的象征”。

请结合文学实际加以论析。

（60分）要求：（1）题目自拟。

（2）有论点，有论据，有论证。

（3）字数为800-1000字。

2004年文学基础一、名词说明（30分，每题5分）1、永明体2、公安派3、现代评论派4、“革命样板戏”5、后期象征主义6、《源氏物语》二、简答题（50分，第一、二题每题15分，第三、四题每题10分）1、谈谈对苏轼“以诗为词”的观点。

2、谈谈古希腊神话对西方文学的阻碍。

3、简述文学概念三义。

4、简析二十世纪七、八十年代的“朦胧诗”。

三、论述题（70分，第一题30分，必做；第二、三、四题选做二题，每题20分）1、什么是文学消费及文学消费的二重性？文学消费的理论视角对明白适当下文学现象具有如何的启发意义？2、试论二十世纪三十年代的左翼小说。

3、举例论述自然主义文学特点及其与现实主义文学的关系。

4、试论《史纪》的人物形象塑造艺术。

2004年作文1、《我攻读硕士学位的期望》（90分）要求：（1）字数为1000-1200字。

外汉考研作文历年真题（1999—2009）
外汉考研作文历年真题（1999—2009） 1999年语言学语应用语言学
题目一：我心目中的文化交流
题目二：书本与现实
要求：1、两题中任选一题作文，字数2000以上。

2、文体不限，小说、诗歌除外
2000年（二选一）：
1、人生
2、当21世纪的钟声响起……
2001年（四选一）：
1、创新与文艺研究
2、创新与语言研究
3、世纪之交谈文艺
4、世纪之交谈语言
2002年：互动*交汇*创新文体：议论文字数：2000字左右
2003年：
1、大作文：我看“人文精神的缺失”
2、小作文：“小姐”称谓语的语义内涵与语用条件简析
提示：“小姐”使我们语言生活中一个常用的称呼，不过在不同的年代、不同的地区、不同的人群当中对如何运用“小姐”这一称呼的理解是不一样的。

请你根据自己了解的情况，说说“小姐”这一称呼在语义上包含哪些内容，在什么情况下对什么人使用才合适，。

一、古代文学华东师范大学研究生入学考试古代文学（1998—2002）1998一、名词解释：春秋三传报任安书文选元白慢词南戏二、简答：1．《庄子》中的人物形象2．《古诗十九首》的意义3．东晋玄言诗的起因4．比较韩愈、柳宗元的散文艺术特色5．《长恨歌》的思想与艺术特色6．苏东坡词的贡献三、论述：1．晚唐五代的重点词人点评2．秦观、黄庭坚诗中唐人所没有的特色3．正始诗风与建安诗风的不同与其原因4．小谢的山水诗对大谢的发展？5．为何元曲乃一代文学之代表？6．评析鲁迅对《红楼梦》的评价7．屈原的文学精神以及影响1999 A一、名词解释：三百篇古风文选钟嵘班马诗集传风骚关雎长庆体初唐四杰二、简答：1．初唐诗歌的成就与影响2．江西词派的形成与特色3．宋道学家的文学理想三、论述：赏析秦韬玉《贫女》的思想内容和艺术特色1999 B一、名词解释：郑笺文选别裁赠序琴趣入话游夏唐宋派三省六部二、简答：1．建安诗歌的特点和地位2．《史记》的地位与影响三、论述：1．列出你知道的唐诗总集，并择一评论2．你对盛唐气象的看法3．分析柳宗元、苏轼一贬再贬后作品基调和风格却迥异的原因4．评论韩愈文硬直见本领，欧阳修、曾巩文柔婉见涵养 (2000)一、名词解释：《春秋》永明体新乐府西昆派头回童心说肌理说二、简答：1．庄子散文的艺术特色2．《文心雕龙》的主要观点3．唐传奇的三个阶段4．公安派的文学主张5．《世说新语》的重要内容和艺术成就6．辛弃疾词的艺术风格三、论述：1．唐诗气象及其阶段性特征2．评述宋词发展的几个阶段3．词体的起源、形成和流变4．明清小说的发展线索5．你对《红楼梦》的评析6．评述近几年明清小说的研究概况2001一、名词解释：风骚汉乐府建安风骨张王乐府西昆体肌理说文苑英华浙西词派散曲桐城派二、简答：1．诸子散文分为哪几个阶段，各有什么代表作？2．《史记》人物描写的特色3．李白、杜甫诗风的比较4．《桃花扇》是怎样“借离合之情，写兴亡之感”的？5．《聊斋志异》的思想内容与艺术成就三、论述：1．评述《离骚》兼得《国风》的“好色不淫”、《小雅》的“怨诽不乱”这个观点2．《庄子》的主要思想内容和艺术特色3．以具体作品评论一下三曹的艺术差异4．简论谢灵运的诗5．南北朝乐府民歌的不同和原因6．你对唐诗分期的见解7．你对唐诗之争的看法8．你最喜欢的一首唐诗或宋词，为什么？2002一、名词解释：《春秋》笔法起兴《楚辞章句》乐府《文心雕龙》九品中正制近体诗盛唐气象古文运动风雅词浙西词派元杂剧拟话本桐城派五音二、简答：1．《左传》的艺术特征2．汉赋的发展流变3．南北朝乐府民歌的不同特点4．王维诗的艺术成就5．北宋前期词的点石成金主张和其诗创作6．《三国演义》中曹操的艺术形象7．高明《琵琶记》的艺术成就三、论述：1．《庄子》的主要思想倾向和艺术特征2．以具体作品论述二谢山水诗的不同3．谈谈你对“太史公文，韩得其雄，欧得其逸。

一、填空题（每小题1分，共30分）1．《春秋》是体史书。

2．二十世纪初，河南安阳境内出土了大量刻有文字的商代文献，史称。

3．战国时期，中国社会开始由分裂走向统一，许多小国被大国吞并，出现了齐、楚、秦、燕、赵、魏、韩个大国，史称“”。

4．《向日葵》是荷兰画家最著名的绘画作品之一。

5．公元前4世纪中国已有世界上最早的星表，比希腊人依巴古测编的西方最早的星表要早200年。

6．强调“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的是。

7．中国花鸟画的技法可分工笔与写意两种，其题材最为集中的有松、竹、梅，称作“”。

8．中国佛教史上，纯属中国佛教的一个重要流派是。

9．在中国，节俗活动有登高、赏菊、佩带茱萸等的传统节日是。

10．在中日两国早期交往的历史中，有东渡日本的传说。

11．中国少数民族三大史诗，《江格尔》就是其中之一，它是族的著名史诗。

12．著《太极图说》的是宋代的。

13．主张“明于天人之分”的思想家是。

14．《毛诗》所谓诗有“六义”，即：风、赋、、兴、雅、颂。

15．成书于公元前3世纪的《》是中医学最古老而完整的医学典籍，它奠定了中医的理论基础。

16．《红楼梦》又名《》。

17．明代最流行的话本是《三言》、《两拍》，这是明代人冯梦龙和辑录的宋代话本及拟话本集的总称。

18．元代文人画四大家是指黄公望、、吴镇、倪瓒。

19．关于希腊神话与传说的最著名的史诗是荷马的《》和《奥德赛》。

20．唐玄宗时，宫廷中设立有教演艺人的专门场所，称作“”。

21．二十四节气中，每月分为两段，月首叫“”，月中叫“中气”。

22．唐太宗临死前一再嘱咐要用王羲之的真迹《》陪葬，让它始终伴随身边，可见他的书法受人珍重的程度。

23．孟郊《游子吟》中，“谁言寸草心”的下一句是。

24．中国的最高立法机关是。

25． Grise提出的“合作原则”包括量的准则、质的准则、切题准则和准则。

26．塔起源于印度的“窣都婆”，汉文译作“浮屠”或“”。

27．贾思勰的《齐民要术》一书记载的人工选育良种法，已接触到环境影响遗传性性状的问题，比达尔文《》的叙述早了1000多年。

翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集一、华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate into Chinese the following extract from “The Rose,”written by Logan Pearsall Smith in 1918.The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome (it was before the time of railways) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun’s beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.That morning, finding they would have to wait while their carriage was being repaired, they had driven in a local conveyance up to the city on the mountain, where they had been told they would find better quarters; and there they had stayed two or three days.The Cafe of the simple inn where they stayed was the meeting place of the notabilities of the little city; and among them they noticed a beautiful, slim, talkative old man, with bright black eyes and snow-white hair—tall and straight and still with the figure of a youth, although the waiter told them with pride that the Conte was molto vecchio—would in fact be eighty in the following year. He was the last of his family, the waiter added—they had once been great and rich people—but he had no descendants; in fact the waiter mentioned with complacency, as if it were a story on which the locality prided itself, that the Conte had been unfortunate in love, and had never married.The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small,modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already.Notes:1. Siena: name of an Italian town2. Conte: (Italian) Earl3. molto vecchio: (Italian) very old4. Signora: (Italian) madam【参考译文】老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣。

中外文学史1998—2011年真题1998年研究生入学考试专业：文艺学现当代文学古代文学民间文学科目：中外文学史一、填空（40分）1.现存最早的《诗经》法是“毛传郑笺”，“郑”指的是_______________。

2.屈原的作品有《离骚》、《九歌》、《天问》、_______________《招魂》等。

3.“汉赋四大家”指的是司马相如、_______________班固、张衡。

4.《古诗十九首》最早为_______________收录。

5.西晋太康时期作家中的“二陆”是指陆机和_______________。

6.魏晋时期的文论著作有曹丕的《典论·论文》、陆机的《文赋》和挚虞的_______________。

7.沈宋的作品是我国诗歌中_______________诗成熟的标志。

8.陈子昂在_______________中提出了诗歌革新主张。

9.唐传奇《霍小玉传》的作者是_______________。

10.宋周邦彦的词集名_______________。

11.辛弃疾的词集名_______________。

12.由四部杂剧组成的《四声猿》的作者是_______________13.南戏《琵琶记》的作者是_______________。

14.明代反对拟古主义、和公安派同时的有以钟惺、_______________为代表的竟陵派。

15.“桐城派”散文主要作家有方苞、____________姚鼐等。

16.近代从理论和创作实践上给“诗界革命”开辟道路的是_____________。

17.中国新文学的开端以1917年胡适发表_________和陈独秀发表____________作为标志。

18.被鲁迅誉为“杰出的抒情诗人”是_______________。

19.《手推车》的作者是___________。

20.《给亡妇》的作者是___________。

21.蒋纯祖出自___________的笔下。

22.梅春是___________所著中篇小说___________中的人物。