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定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。
定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。
若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。
而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。
掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。
下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.→The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45.（3）He was the first boy who came to school.→He was the first boy to come to school..2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
非谓语动词作定语一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done表将来用to be done一．用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.二．分词作定语doing 主动进行being done 被动进行done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（一）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
非谓语知识点总结一、非谓语动词的概念和分类非谓语动词是指不具有人称、数和时态的动词形式。
在句子中，非谓语动词一般用作其他动词或名词的补语、定语或状语。
按照其形式和功能的不同，非谓语动词可以分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。
1. 动词不定式动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，可以作主语、宾语、定语和状语。
作主语：To travel around the world is my dream.作宾语：He wants to buy a new car.作定语：The best way to learn English is to practice speaking every day.作状语：He studied hard to pass the exam.2. 动名词动名词由动词加上-ing构成，可以作主语、宾语、定语和状语。
作主语：Reading is my favorite hobby.作宾语：She enjoys swimming in the sea.作定语：I like watching movies in my free time.作状语：He left the room without saying a word.3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，现在分词一般以-ing结尾，过去分词一般以-ed、en、t结尾，可以作定语、状语和补语。
现在分词作定语：The girl standing by the door is my sister.现在分词作状语：She came home, feeling tired and hungry.过去分词作定语：The film directed by him won the best picture award.过去分词作补语：I was surprised to see the door closed.二、非谓语动词的用法1. 动词不定式（1）作主语To leave now is the best decision.（2）作宾语I want to learn English well.（3）作定语I have a book to read.（4）作状语He works hard to support his family.2. 动名词（1）作主语Swimming is good for health.（2）作宾语I enjoy reading books in my free time.（3）作定语The boy standing there is my brother.（4）作状语He goes to the gym every day, practicing yoga.3. 分词（1）现在分词作定语The girl sitting next to me is my best friend.（2）现在分词作状语Smiling happily, she accepted the gift.（3）过去分词作定语The meal cooked by my mother tastes delicious.（4）过去分词作补语I was excited to hear the news announced by the principal.三、非谓语动词形式的转换1. 从动词不定式到动名词动词不定式to do可以变为动名词doing，例如：I like to swim.（动词不定式）I like swimming.（动名词）2. 从动名词到动词不定式动名词doing可以变为动词不定式to do，例如：We enjoyed singing together.（动名词）We enjoyed to sing together.（动词不定式）3. 从动词不定式到分词动词不定式to do可以变为现在分词doing和过去分词done，例如：He is busy with his work.（动词不定式）He is busy doing his work.（现在分词）He is busy done his work.（过去分词）四、非谓语动词的特殊用法1. 不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态结构为“to be + 过去分词”，例如：He is said to be a good student.2. 动名词的所有格形式动名词的所有格形式是在动名词后面直接加上“的”，例如：I remember his coming to see me.3. 分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和方式现在分词和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和方式，例如：Being an experienced teacher, she knows how to deal with children. Having finished her homework, she went to bed.4. 动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语表示目的或结果，通常放在句子后面，例如：He ran fast to catch the bus.五、非谓语动词的练习1. 单项选择题（1）We should encourage the students ____ more exercise every day.A. doB. to doC. doingD. are doing（2）I enjoy _____ in the garden in my free time.A. to workB. workingC. worksD. worked（3）The news _____ by the teacher surprised everyone.A. announceB. announcingC. announcedD. to announce2. 填空练习（1）_____ up early in the morning, she went for a run.（2）He wants _____ to the school team next year.（3）She likes _____ to music in her room.3. 句子翻译（1）他想去看电影。
高中非谓语动词知识点总结嘿，同学们！今天咱来好好聊聊高中非谓语动词这个知识点呀！非谓语动词，听起来是不是有点玄乎？其实啊，就像我们生活中的小助手，能帮我们把句子变得更丰富、更有趣呢！比如说，动词不定式 to do 吧，它就像是一个充满期待的小计划，等着去实现。
“I want to learn English.”这里的 to learn 就是我想要去做的事情呀。
它有时候可以表示目的，就像你为了某个目标努力前进。
分词呢，那可就有意思啦！现在分词 doing 就像个活泼的小精灵，总是带来动感和正在进行的感觉。
“The girl sitting there is my sister.”那个坐在那里的女孩，sitting 就生动地描述了女孩正在进行的状态。
过去分词 done 呢，就像是留下的痕迹，有一种被动或者完成的意味。
“The book written by him is very popular.”被他写的那本书，written 就表明了这本书的一种状态。
你们想想看，要是没有非谓语动词，那我们的句子得多单调啊！就好像吃饭只有白米饭，没啥菜搭配，多没味儿呀！非谓语动词还能让句子结构更清晰呢。
比如说，一个长长的句子里，用非谓语动词来简化一些描述，就不会让人觉得晕头转向啦。
再比如，我们说“After he finished his homework, he went out to play.”如果用非谓语动词来改写，那就是“Having finished his homework, he went out to play.”，是不是简洁了许多？哎呀，这非谓语动词的妙处可真是说不完呀！大家在学习的时候，可别死记硬背哦，要多去感受，多去理解，就像交朋友一样，和它们熟悉起来。
遇到难题了？别怕呀！多琢磨琢磨，多和同学讨论讨论，就像攻克一个小堡垒，多有成就感啊！总之呢，非谓语动词就是我们英语学习中的好帮手，好好和它们相处，让我们的英语表达更上一层楼！大家加油哦，相信你们一定能掌握好非谓语动词的！。
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有一些区别，具体如下：
1. 语法结构：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词包括动词的现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)和不定式(to do)，它们可以在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。
- 定语从句：定语从句是一个句子，由关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)引导，用来修饰先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。
2. 表达方式：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语可以提供更简洁、紧凑的表达方式。
它可以通过一个动词形式来描述被修饰词的特征、状态或行为。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更详细、具体的信息，通过一个完整的句子来描述被修饰词的性质、特点或关系。
3. 语义和功能：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语主要强调动作或状态，它们可以表示正在进行的动作(-ing 形式)、已完成的动作(-ed 形式)或将要进行的动作(to do 形式)。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更丰富的语义信息，包括对被修饰词的进一步解释、限定或描述。
总的来说，非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有所不同。
非谓语动词作定语更简洁，强调动作或状态；而定语从句更详细，提供更多的语义信息。
在使用时，需要根据具体语境和表达需要选择合适的结构。
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
表语：主语/ 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多 1.用动名词。
作形式主2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it语放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语：1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：帮……manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(want(想要) , refuse等。
助)，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,fancy, ……complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, getdown to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
分后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer 不定式表示具分词一般表示经常性的行为；词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing。
非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句和定语从句导语：关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
以下店铺为大家介绍非谓语从句和定语从句文章，欢迎大家阅读参考!非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句中的非是整个当中非常重要的部分，也是学生的一个难点。
其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected. That she was out of work was unexpected.2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句We will study in the house facing south. We will study in thehouse that / which faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there, I will telephone you. As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。
非谓语动词和定语从句有什么区别
非谓语动词和定语从句有什么区别
非谓语动词和定语从句有什么区别呢？可能很多人都不是很清楚，下面就是店铺分享的非谓语动词和定语从句的.区别，一起来看一下吧。
非谓语动词和定语从句有什么区别
非谓语动词就是动词的ing或者加ed形式,来补充修饰名词,如The girl standing in that street is my favorite friend.就是一个非谓语做定语来修饰名词的句子
如果改成定语从句就是The girl who stands in that street is my favorite friend.就是把非谓语恢复原来形式然后用which who that 等一些引导词来把句子衔接上。
二者并没有什么本质的区别，作用都是为了把主语名词修饰的更具体更完整，使其更容易被理解，信息更加丰富。
只是定语从句显得更加丰富，整个句子更加饱满，语法更加复杂而已。
而且如果所要修饰的名词内容和附加信息过多的时候用从句会显得更加有条理，思路清晰，而且容易表达连接，让人易懂。
相同点就是都是为了把所修饰的名词的信息更加准确的表达出来，都是为了句意来服务的尤其是为了所修饰的名词，就是为了把这个名词更加具体化，强调化。
二者因具体句子来定吧，短句或附加信息少而且不罗列就多用非谓语，长而复杂的语意结构就用定语从句。
（完整）⾼考语法复习之⾮谓语动词做定语及与定语从句的转换⾮谓语动词作定语⼀：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点：⼀先看⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先⾏词）之间的关系，主动与被动⼆看⾮谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发⽣2在谓动之前3在将来发⽣⼆：做题步骤：先搞清⾮谓语动词与先⾏词之间的逻辑关系1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发⽣⽤doing 将来发⽣⽤to do2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发⽣⽤being done 在谓动之前⽤done表将来⽤to be done⼀．⽤不定式做定语的⼏种情况：（1）不定式表将来。
如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）⽤来修饰被序数词、最⾼级或no, all, any 等限定的中⼼词。
如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）⽤来修饰的词是抽象名词时⽤不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.⼆．分词作定语doing 主动进⾏being done 被动进⾏done 被动完成The houses being built are for the teachers.Things lost never come again.I have never seen a more moving movie.三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.（⼀）、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
【定语从句】♦Who, whom指代人，who做主语、whom做宾语; which指物，做主语或者宾语。
That调节两者，既可指物，又可指人，既可做主语，又可做宾语，但只用于限制性定语从句。
如果调节两者，如下只用that：1.who/which开头的疑问句；2.先行词有人，又有物时；3.先行词为all, few, little, none, some, any, every, each, no, anything, everything, nothing (something除外);4.theonly / the very / the first/ the last + 先行词时；4.“序数词/形容词最高级+先行词”时：He is the first customer that came to our supermarket today. He is one of themost excellent students that got the best results in the contest.5. 当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时.6. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。
如：She admired the way （that）they solved the questions.♦介词后只能用whom表示人，用which表示物。
♦翻译和写作时，“…的某人或某物”中，“的”的前面如果发现比较长，或者有实义动词时，可以考虑用定语从句表达。
如：他是每次我在困难的时候会想起的人。
他是一个优秀的人。
♦非限制中只能用whom做宾语，不可以用who替代。
（限制性定语从句中，有时候用who替代whom做宾语）.♦限制句中，whom, who ,that, which做宾语时（包括做介宾）都可以省略，但是于介词后(做介词的宾语)不能省略：This is the person(whom)I am looking for. This is the person with whom I talked in the street yesterday.♦非限制中，不管从句宾语whom, which 是否前面有介词，都是不可以省略的。
♦主句中的主语，宾语，介宾等都可以是先行词.先行词不一定就接在定语从句的前面：The teacher gave us an exciting speech who teaches in the Beijing University.♦The way ( in which / that ) + 定语从句:This is the way （in which/ that ）I solved the problem.♦“whose + 名词”和“the 名词of which”在名词是物时，可以互换。
但是都应该紧跟在被修饰的词后面，中间可以有逗号隔开，可用于限制性、非限制性中。
“介词+ whose 名词”的灵活运用如：They thanked T om, without whose support they could not have succeeded.| I want to buy the house whose window faces north. = I want to buy the house the window of which faces north.♦各种介词+which (物)/ whom(人) （without, in, on , at, by, with, over, under, above, below, beyond , against, besides, except, among, along, because of , from, to, before, after, since, for, towards…）♦形容词最高级/基数词/分数/百分比/代词如some, most/both/ most/the majority/the minority +of which (物)/ whom （人）:I like talking with my students some of whom are from abroad.♦As, which在非限制中都可以指代整个句子，但：as可以于句首句尾，但是which只能于主句后| as/ which（主语）+系动词，which(主语)+行为动词(如果接行为动词，只能用which;如果是连系动词，则两者都可以用) | as有“正如，正像”之意，which没有。
| Jack is the richest man in the town, which / As is well known. As we all know, light runs fast than sound.♦…the reason why…♦when, where 和“on/in/at which”之间可以互换♦as指物和人，做从句主、宾。
限制中，such /the same + 名词as…, so + adj.+ a 可数单数名词as…；非限制中，可代表整个主句，于主句前或后。
♦one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句（动词用复数），the (only) one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句（单数谓语）♦介词+which+名词：He usually gets home at 11p.m,, at which hour his father locks all the doors and windows.His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.就以上知识点，运用定语从句造句（只能用一句话）：在所有的职员中，她是唯一一个有国外留学经历的人。
| 李明自小在农村长大，是我碰到的学习最努力的学生。
| 日本3月份发生的、遇难人数过万的福岛地震导致的核泄漏，将会导致太平洋严重受污染。
| 她迟到的原因是她路上遭遇了一个上个月越狱并在全国通缉的逃犯的抢劫。
| 他在很段的时间内进步神速，这真的超出我们的想象。
| 一个七岁大的女孩子被关在阴冷的牢房里，寒风穿过牢房的窗户吹进来。
孩子的母亲两个月前被国民党军队杀害了。
| 你刚才看过的这类电视节目我从来不看。
| 我对他的那种说话方式很反感。
| 我从来不买和别的同事一样的东西。
| 你正是我要找的人。
| 他从来不干有损于人们利益的事情。
| 2008年奥运会在北京举行，这在中国可是人人皆知的。
| 我们坐在整洁的车厢里。
透过明亮的车窗，可以看到一些被群山环绕的小村庄。
| 我第一次遇到她的时候是在我1981年曾经工作过的公司。
但是自那以后，我对她失去了兴趣。
| 他们在热烈谈论在农村遇到的那些淳朴的村民和传统风俗。
【不定式】♦时态：to do (一般式，同时或之后)；to be doing（进行时，正在发生）；to have done(完成，之前)；♦语态：to be done; to being done ; to have been done.♦主语（常用it 做形式主语）/ 表语.♦宾语:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree , promise, prefer to do sth. 如果有补足语，用it 做形式宾语：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.♦介宾：但是在except或but之前有实义动词do，则为不带to的不定式，否则带to: The old man’s son did nothing but play games. He wanted nothing but to stay there. He does nothing except play games all day.♦宾补带to：ask/want/wish/tell/order/beg/permit/help/advise/persuade/allow/prepare/cause/force/call on/wait for/invite 等+ 宾语+ to do sth.♦宾补不带to: Notice/observe/look at/ listen to/Make/let/see/watch/hear/feel/have + do ---->被动：to do♦介词宾语的补足语：With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.♦定语：于被修饰的词后。
1）主谓关系：He was always the first（person）to come and last (person) to leave the office.2) 动宾关系：The manager has too many things to do.3）说明所修饰的词的内容：His failure to pass the examination surprised us. We have made a plan to finish the work.4）“介词+which(物)/whom(人)+不定式（短语）”作定语：I must buy a hammer with which to nail down the box.| The employer has a lot of people from whom to select.5）“不定式+介词”作定语：1>如果不定式不及物，或者所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，则需要加介词，但time, place或way可以省去：I need a pen to write with.| She is looking for a room to live in.| He had no place to live. This is the best way to solve this problem.♦状语：1）目的状语；I get up early to do morning exercise.2）结果状语：1>用于learn/ find/see/hear/to be told/make（使得）等几个具有终止含义的动词，可以翻译为“…..，结果得知、看到、听到、被告知、使得”，表示主语未曾预料到的结果: Sam returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.| A few years later we came to our home to find that our home town had greatly changed.| Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, to make him a millionaire overnight.3)方式状语：由as if / as though引导：He opened his mouth as if to speak.♦独立成分：to be brief简言之to be exact确切地说, to be frank坦率地说,to be sure肯定地to begin with首先,to conclude最后,to tell you the truth, To make a long story short(长话短说)♦Too... to do sth. 太…以致于不能做某事；♦…enough to do sth. 足够…从而可以做某事；♦Such + 名词性短语+ as + to do sth. “…如此事情以至于…”：Baker can’t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long.♦so+形容词/副词+as+ to do sth.: She wouldn’t be so careless as to forget her luggage.♦在not, never, only, all ,but等后的“too…to…”结构中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义: I’m only too pleased to help you.| It’s never too late to learn.♦anxious, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing等在too…to…结构中没有否定，而是表示肯定：She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.♦动词不定式和only连用时，常表示未预料到的结果,“…，没有想到…”的意思：I went to see my friend only to learn he was in hospital.| He went to the station hurriedly only to find the train had left.| He survived the crash only to die in the desert.♦It is …of you to do sth. （赞扬指责）/ It is … for sb. to do sth.♦如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，常省去不定式动词，只保留不定式符号“to”：主要是以下动词或者形容词的后面：hate, hope, like, love, mean, plan, try, want, wish，glad, pleased，ought to, used to, need，be able to, be going to, have to：Did you get a ticket? No. I tried to. But there were not any left.| —Do you smoke?—Not now, but I used to.| I wanted to go but I wasn’t able to.| —Have you fed the cat? —No, but I’m just going to.♦做表语时，如主语中有do的某种形式，应省略to: What you have to do tonight is (to) finish the work.♦连词but前有do的某种格式时，后面不定式的to省略：He never does anything but talk.光说不干♦疑问词（who，what，which，when，where，how，whether）+不定式:可以做句子的主语，表语，动词的宾语，介宾：They were concerned with how to solve the problem.| I have no idea of how to do it.♦用and连接几个时，只保留一个to;♦系表结构+ to do----> 主动表被动，主语是do的逻辑宾语：This is a difficult question to answer. |The thing is too small to see.| The car is rather difficult to repair.♦形容词补语：glad, sorry, sure, likely, able，afraid，anxious，careful，content，foolish，inclined，prepared，ready，slow, willing: The students are sorry to leave. I am very glad to see you.♦修饰的名词是不定式的动作承受者时，可用主动式（自己完成）或被动式（让别人完成）：There is nothing to do.(We have nothing to do now.)| There is nothing to be done. (We can do nothing now.) Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?♦逻辑主语：如果句中没有合适的词作逻辑主语，可以借助for sb.的格式来做逻辑主语,翻译做“对于…来说”：For an old man to run fast is dangerous.【过去分词】原形-ed♦做表语：形容词化，动作完成后所处的状态，常用一般现在时和一般过去时：closed, excited, interested, convinced, determined, covered, dressed , shut, broken, wounded, finished, completed, injured, lost, gone, frightened, shocked, surprised等。
