中石油考试中心托福参考词汇11.doc

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非凡的卓越的纤维纤维质漂浮浮起美术馆美术品陈列室天赋天才
自然环境住所居住地孵化创造使发生内地偏僻地区妨碍障碍障碍物婴儿
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胰腺珍珠珍品使人困惑的麻烦的针头小东西傻子笨人地极的
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时兴东西猛烈进行收割采收得到获得暗礁排斥拒绝休息放松松弛
分辨力解决报答酬劳奖赏屋顶最高部圣所圣堂禁猎区期抓痕抓伤潦草的写涂写乱画耸人听闻的令人激动的片块曾单子表格猛扑突然折断空间的资助主要产物约定规定保证条带长条剥去去除减少的补足增补
共生共栖关税表税率表词语术语根据按照千倍的烟草烟叶烟丝
痕迹足迹跟踪追赶部落部族家族骚乱的动乱的统一蒸汽汽能养活的能成活的进行发动战争等小麦纱纱线毛线。

阅读词汇考考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义频　abundant plentiful a.大量的　accelerate increase v.加速；加大　accessible available a.可用的　according to depending on　依据；按照；；取决于　accordingly for that reason ad.因此　accordingly consequently ad.因此　account explain v.解释；说明2account for explain v.解释，说明2account for explain v.解释，说明　accumulate collect v.积累；积聚　accumulate collect v.聚集　adequate sufficient a.充分的；足够的　adhere stick v.黏附；胶着　adjunct addition n.附加物　administered managed v.管理　adorn decorate v.装饰　advent arrival n.出现；到来　adversely negatively ad.不利地；有害地　advocate proponent n.倡导者；辩护者　aesthetically artistically ad.审美地；美学地　affront insult v.公开侮辱；轻蔑　aided helped v.帮助　alert wary a.机敏的　allay reduce v.减轻；减少　alter change v.改变；调整　alternative option n.替代；替代物　altogether completely ad.完全地　ancillary secondary a.附属的；辅助的　annihilate conquer v.消灭；征服　antagonist enemy n.对手；敌人　antecedent predecessor n.先辈　anticipate look forward to v.期待；盼望　apace with as fast as　快速的　appealing attractive a.吸引人的　apply used for v.应用；适用　appreciated recognized v.赏识　appreciation recognition n.鉴赏；鉴别　aptly appropriately ad.适当地　arduous difficult a.艰巨的；艰苦的　article object n.物品，物体　ascend climb v.攀升；升高2assemble gather v.装配；组合2assemble bring together v.装配；组合　assortment variety n.形形色色；各式各样　assumption belief n.确信的想法　at any rate regardless　无论如何；至少　attachment preference for n.依恋；偏好　attained achieved v.达到　attained reached v.达到　attendant accompanying n.服务员　attire clothing n.衣着；盛装　attribute credit v.被认为；被鉴定　attribute characteristics n.特征　avail make use v.有用　avid eager a.渴望的；热心的　barren infertile a.贫瘠的；不毛的　barter exchange v.易货贸易；物物交换　besides in addition to prep.除此之外2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好2bias prejudice n.偏见；嗜好　bind tie v.捆；绑；使结合　boast take pride in having n./v.夸口；自恃　boosted raised v.提高，推进　bound limit n.范围；界限　bound held v.限制　break departure from n.决裂；破裂　brief look glance n.瞥视；浏览　bring about cause v.导致；引起　brittle easily broken a.易碎的　by virtue of because of　依靠；由于　calculate determine v.计算；确定　came to the forefront became important 　carry support v.支撑；支持2carry on conduct v.开展；维持；继续2carry on continue v.　　cease stop v.停止；结束　celebratory full of praise n.颂扬　celestial astronomical a.天空的；天上的　chance unplanned a.偶然的；碰巧的　characteristics qualities n.性质，特性　charged with assigned to　主管, 掌管　chronicle describe v.记述　circumscribe restrict v.在……周围画线；限制　classify categorize v.分类　clear unobstructed a.畅通的；无阻的3clue information n.线索；信息3clue information n.　3clue proof n.　　cluster group v.成群2coarse rough a.粗糙的2coarse crude a.　　coin create v.创造；杜撰　coincide with happen at the same time ad.同时　collective group n.集体　collectively together ad.共同地　come of age establish itself v.达到法定年龄；确立自身地位　comparably similarly ad.可比地；相当地　compelling forceful a.强制的；强迫的　component parts n.部分　compose focus on v.创作；创造　comprise consist of v.包含；包括　concealed covered a.隐藏着的　concentrate cluster v.集中；积聚　conclusive definitive a.最后的　concomitant with in conjunction with ad.协同　concrete specific a.具体的；特定的　configuration arrangement n.结构；形状2confine limit v.限制；局限2confine restrict v.　　confirm uphold v.证实；确认　conflicting opposing a.冲突的；抵触的　conjectural based on guessing a.猜测的；推测的　consequence result n.结果2conserve store v.保存；保护2conserve retain v.　4considerable large a.很重要的；很大的4considerable substantial a.　4considerable much a.　4considerable great a.　　consistent constant a.持续的　consort associate v.结交　conspicuous noticeable a.显著的　constituent component n.成分；要素　constitute make up v.构成；组成　consume eat v.吃掉　consumption eat n.消费；消耗3contemporary existing a.当代的；现有的3contemporary current a.　3contemporary written at that time a.　　convergence gathering n.聚集2convert change v.转换；转变2convert chang v.　　correspondingly similarly ad.相应地；对应地　count weigh v.有价值；有分量　counter overcome v.反对；驳回　counteract negate v.抵消；反作用　counterpart version n.复本；对应物　crisscross move back andforthv.穿梭；交错往来　critical judge of fine arts connoisseur n.鉴赏家；评论家　crucial important a.重要的　cumbersome burdensome a.麻烦的；笨重的　customary usual a.习惯的；惯例的　dampen moisten v.使潮湿　daring bold a.勇敢的；大胆的　deft skilled a.熟练的；灵巧的　deliberate careful a.审慎的；仔细的　deliver present v.递送；呈递　demand require v.要求；需求　demise death n.死亡　demonstrate show v.表明；证实　dense thick a.稠密的；浓厚的　depend rely v.依靠；依赖　depict represent v.描绘；描述　depress lower v.压低；使沮丧　derive obtain v.得到　derive from base on v.基于　detect find v.探测2detectable measurable a.可察觉的；易发现的2detectable apparent a.　　devastated ruined a.毁坏的；被破坏的　developing evolving a.发展的；演化的2devote to dedicate v.致力于；献身于2devote to specializing in v.　2dictate determine v.指示；决定；确定2dictate determine v.　　diffuse travel v.扩散；传播　disaster catastrophe n.灾难　discard get rid of v.丢弃；抛弃　dispute argument n.争论；争执2disseminate spread/impart v.散布；传播2disseminate spread v.　4distinct separate a.清晰的；不同的；独特的4distinct separate a.　4distinct different a.　4distinct separate a.　　distnctive unique a.特殊的；独特的　distinguish differentiate v.区分；辨别　divergence difference n.差异；变化3diverse dissimilar a.多种多样的；不一样的；不同的3diverse varied a.　3diverse different a.　　dividing line boundary n.边界；分界线　do sth. repeatedly iterate v.重复；反复2domain field n.领域；范围2domain region n.　　dominant most common a.主要的；占优势的　dominate be prevalent in v.支配；控制　dramatic striking a.戏剧性的；显著的　drastic radical a.激烈的；猛烈的　drastically severely ad.激烈地3draw attract v.吸引；引导3draw attract v.　3draw instruct v.　　durability endurance n.经久，耐久2durable long-lasting a.持久的；耐用的2durable strong a.　　dwelling house n.住处；寓所　eager enthusiastic a.热心的2easily moved portable a.轻便的；可携带的2easily moved portable a.　　edge advantage n.优势　effect influence v.影响；效果　efficiency effectiveness n.效力　elaborately done in great detail ad.详尽地；精心地　elevate promote v.提高；提升　elicit bring out v.引出　embraced welcomed v.欢迎　emerge appear v.浮现；出现2emit give off v.发出；生产，发行2emit produce v.　　emphasize stress v.强调　employ use v.雇佣；应用2enable allow v.使能够；使可能2enable help v.　　enactment performance n.演出；表演　encompass include v.包含　encounter meet v.遇到；相遇　end goal n.末端；目的　endless continuous a.无止境的；无穷的　engage hire v.雇佣　enhance increase v.提高；增进　enhancement improvement n.提高；增进　ensure guarantee v.保证　entire whole a.全部的　entity object n.实体；存在　entomb trap v.埋葬；设陷阱　envelop surround v.遮盖；包围　era period of time n.时期　eradicate eliminate v.除去；消除　erroneous ideas misconception n.误解；错误观念　erroneously identified as mistake v.误以为；误认为　essence basic nature n.基本　essential fundamental a.基本的　establish create v.设立；创作　estimate judge v.鉴定　evidence indicate n.迹象；预示　evolution development n.发展；演化　exalted superior a.高贵的；崇高的2excavate dig v.挖掘；开凿2excavate dig v.　　exceptional remarkable a.非凡的；例外的2execute create v.造成；制成；履行；执行2execute produce v.　　exercise utilize v.行使，利用2exert cause v.引起；产生2exert put v.施加(压力等)　exorbitant expensive a.昂贵的　expendable unprofitable a.没有用的2expose subject to v.使暴露；暴露于2expose uncover v.　2extend stretch v.延长；扩展2extend increase v.　2extol praise v.赞美2extol praise v.　3extract remove v.提取；取得；根除，移除3extract remove v.　3extract remove v.　　extraordinary supreme a.非凡的；极度的2fabricate make v.制作；装配；构建2fabricate construct v.　　facilitate enable v.使容易；使便利；帮助　faction side n.小派系　fashion create v.造成，引起　fatal deadly a.致命的　favor prefer v.喜爱　favored perferred a.喜爱的　feed put v.供给；供应　feel detect v.察觉；感觉　finding scientific discovery 　fine tiny a.细小的　finely minutely ad.精细的　　fixture commonplaceobjectn.固定设备；附属装置　flamed burned a.燃烧的　flattering complimentary a.称赞的；奉承的　flourished thrived n.茂盛2forage feed v.搜索；寻找食物2forage search for food v.　　formidable difficult a.艰难的　fortuitous sudden a.偶然的；幸运的　forward-looking progressive a.向前看的；有远见的　frame pose v.构造；提出　framework structure n.结构；框架　freeing releasing n.解除，释放　frown on disapprove of v.露出不悦之色；表示不赞成　functional usable a.合用的　fundamental basic a.基础的；基本的　furnish provide v.提供；供应　gambit calculated risk n.策略；谋略　gap open n.缺口；缝隙　give rise to bring about v.引起；带来；导致　give way to turn into v.让位；变成　glowing shining a.光亮的　good name reputation n.名声；名誉　gradually by degrees ad.逐渐地；逐步地　graphic vivid a.生动的　grumble complain v.抱怨　hard firm a.坚硬的；牢固的　hardiest most vigorous a.最强健的；最有力的　hard to deal with stubborn a.执拗的；固执的　haul load n.搬运物；载货　heart center n.中心　hemisphere side n.半球；半边　hence for these reasons ad.因此；所以　henceforth from that time on ad.自此以后　herald announce v.预示；预报　hing on depend on v.依靠　hinterland region n.地方；区域　ideal perfect a.完美的　identical exactly alike a.同样的　ignite set on fire v.着火；燃烧　imitate copy v.模仿；伪造　immunity protection n.保护　immutable unchangeable a.不变的　impediment obstacle n.妨碍；阻碍　imperceptibly subtly ad.不可觉察地；极缓慢地　implement tool n.工具；器械　implication significance n.含义；意义　imposing demanding a.紧迫的；紧急的　inaccessible enreachable a.难接近的；难达到的　in place of instead of ad.代替　　in reality actually n.实际上；事实上　inaccessible unreachable a.难接近的；难达到的　inception beginning n.起初　incinerate burn up v.烧毁　incised carved a.雕刻的　incise cut v.切割；雕刻　inclination preference n.倾向；偏好　incorporate combine v.结合；合并　indeterminate uncertain a.模糊的；不确定的　influx arrival n.流入；到达　ingenuity resourcefulness n.机灵　inhibit hinder v.阻止；阻碍2initiate start v.开始；引发2initiate cause v.　2innovation new idea n.创新；革新2innovative new a.创新的　insignificant unimportant a.不重要的　instance case n.实例；例证2integral essential a.整体的；不可缺少的；基本的2integral fundamental a.　　intense extreme a.强烈的；剧烈的　intensive concentrated a.加强的，集中的2intent goal n.目的2intent purpose n.　　interchangeable equivalent a.相等的；可互换的　intermittently periodically ad.间歇地；断断续续地　intervals periods n.周期　intervention influence n.干涉；影响　intricate complex a.复杂的3intriguing attractive a.迷人的　3intriguing fascinationg a.　3intriguing fascinationg a.　　invade move into v.侵入　inviting attractive a.吸引人的；诱人的　justify prove v.辩护；证实　key important 　laborious difficult a.费力的　lie be located v.位于　load weight n.重担　locale place n.场所　lured attracted v.吸引，引诱　magnify intensify v.放大；强化3maintain preserve v.维持；坚持3maintain preserve v.　3maintain keep v.　　major principal a.主要的；大型的　make possible allow v.允许；使可能　mandate require v.要求　margin edge n.边；边缘2marked pronounce a.明显的；显著的2marked noticeable a.　　means method n.方法　　merely only ad.仅仅地，只不过　meteoric rapid a.迅速的　meticulously carefully ad.小心地　minuscule tiny a.很小的；微小的　minute tiny a.微小的；细微的　modifying changing v.修改；变化　momentarily effortlessly ad.即刻　monopolize dominate v.独占；占优势2moreover furthermore ad.此外；另外2moreover in addition ad.　　motif design n.图案；花纹　mundane ordinary a.世俗的；普通的　myriad many a.许多的；无数的　nascent immature a.新生的；初生的　necissitate require v.使需要；使成为必需　nevertheless however ad.然而；仍然　norm standard n.标准　note observe v.注意到　notice announce v.宣告，通告2notwithstanding despite prep.尽管2notwithstanding in spite of prep.　　noxious harmful a.有害的；有毒的3obtain get v.获得；取得3obtain acquire v.　3obtain acquire v.　　obvious apparent a.明显的；显而易见的　on the threshold of at the start of　在……的起点；开端　optimal best a.最佳的　ornate elaborate a.华丽的　oscillate swing v.来回摇摆；犹豫不决　outbreak beginning n.爆发；开始　outline summarizing v.总结；概括　outstanding excellent a.杰出的；显著的　over great distances faraway a.遥远之处　oversee supervise v.检查；监督　overtake surpass v.赶上，超越　partitioning division n.分割, 划分　peak maximum a.最高的；高峰的　peculiar strange a.奇特的　penetrate go through v.穿透；透过　people in the play actor n.演员；剧中人物　periphery outer edge n.外围　permeate spread through v.渗透；透过　persist continue v.持续　personal magnetism charisma n.个人魅力　pertinent relevant a.有关的　phenomena event n.现象；事件　pick up follow v.寻找；寻路　picture imagine v.想像　pit hole n.坑；洼地　plunge drop n./v.投入，陷入　ponderous heavy a.笨重的　pore hole n.毛孔；细孔　position job n.职位；职务　postulate suggest v.假定；要求　potential possible a.潜在的；可能的　precarious uncertain a.不稳定的　precise accurate a.精确的　prefer favor v.偏好；喜欢　preside manage v.负责；统辖　presumably probably ad.大概　prevailed dominated v.成功，统治2prevailing most frequent a.盛行的；流行的；占优势的2prevailing dominant a.　　prevent avoid v.制止；阻止　primarily chiefly ad.主要地　primary fundamental a.基本的；初步的　prime principal a.主要的；首要的　primitive undeveloped a.原始的, 远古的　prior to preceding a.在先；居前　prized valued a.贵重的2probe explore v.探察2probe explore v.　　produce butter n.产物；产品2prolific productive a.多产的2prolific fruitful a.　　prolonged extended a.持续久的；长时期的2prominent distinguished a.显著的；卓越的；著名的2prominent famous a.　　proponent supporter n.支持者　prototype model n.原型；范例　protrude project v.突出；伸出　provision supply v.提供……以必需品　pry off locate v.查找　puncture pierce v.刺穿；刺破　pursue chase v.追赶　raise rear v.饲养；养育　random unpredictable a.不可知的　rapidity swiftness n.迅速　rare infrequent a.稀有的；罕见的　rather instead ad.相反；相反地　rather than instead of　而不是　readily easily ad.容易地2realization awareness n.认识；意识2realization recognition n.　　reap accept v.收获；接受　rear raise v.培养；饲养　reckless irresponsible a.不负责任的　recorded documented a.已纪录的　recruit enlist v.征募；补充　refreshing unusual a.清新的；清爽的　regardless of no matter what a.不管　relate connect v.相关；关联　reliance dependence n.依靠　remarkable significant a.异常的；非凡的　representative typical a.典型的2resemble be similar to v.相似；类似2resemble appear similar to v.　　resolve find a solution for v.解决　resort to using v.采用　revered respected v.尊敬　revise change v.修正；改造　revitalize bring new life to v.新生　robust strong a.强健的；坚强的　roll back reduce v.压低；减少2rotate alternate v.轮流；更迭2rotate turn v.　　rotting decaying v.腐烂　roughly approximately ad.概略地；大约　rudimentary undeveloped a.原始的；简单的　rupture burst v.破裂；裂开　rushing rapid a.急流的　sanitation health n.卫生；健康状态　saturate soak v.浸透；饱和　saying two oppositethingsparadox n.悖论；隽语　scale measure n./v.刻度/测量　scattered irrgularlydistributeda.离散的；分散的　scarce rare a.稀有的　scarcely barely ad.稀缺；珍贵　scope extent n.范围　scorched burned v.烧焦　score musicalcompositionsn.乐谱　scurrying rushing v.急赶2secure acquire v.获得；取得2secure safe ad.安全的　sedentary inactive a.不移栖的　sentiment opinion n.意见；观点　serve as function as v.充当；担任　set establish v.确定；安置　settle decide v.决定；解决　settled stabled a.固定的　severe poverty indigence n.贫困；赤贫2shield protect v.保护；避开　significance importance n.意义；重要性　significant meaningful a.有重要意义的　site location n.地点；场所　skepticism doubt n.怀疑主义；怀疑态度　sketch draw v.速写；素描　skilled expert a.熟练的；擅长的　skyrocket increase rapidly v.猛涨，突增　sleep briefly nap n.小睡；打盹　smooth operation effectivefunctioning　snap break v.折断；拉断2sole only a.唯一的；独一的2sole only a.　　solemn serious a.严肃的；庄重的　sort out separate v.挑选出　source basis n.根源；水源；根本　source of energy fuel n.能源；燃料　spanning covering v.包含　spark bring about v.激发；发动　spawn create v.酝酿；引起　speculate hypothesize v.推测；假设　staggering overwhelming a.压倒的；压倒之势的　standard customary a.标准的　standing not flowing a.停滞的；不流动的2staple popular edition n.主要成分；流行的东西2staple basic element n.　　stimulate encourage v.激发；促进　storey level n.楼层；层　strain stress v.拉紧，重压　strength basis n.实力；基础　stress emphasize v.强调　striking noticeable a.显著的；惊人的　strikingly noticeablely ad.显著地；惊人地　stringent strict a.严格的；严厉的　strip remove v.除去：剥去　struggle competition n.竞争　stunning impressive a.令人印象深刻的　subject susceptible a.易受影响的；遭受影响的　subjugated conquered v.征服　subscribe to agree with v.同意　subsequent later a.后来的　subsidize finance v.资助；赞助　subsidy finance n.补助金；补贴　succinct concise a.简洁的；简练的　　sufficient adequate a.足够的；充足的　suitably appropriately ad.适宜地　sumptuous luxurious a.豪华的；奢侈的　sums amounts n.和2supplant replace v.取代；替代2supplement extension n.补充；补遗2supplement add to v.补充，增加　support hold v.支持；支撑　supposedly seemingly ad.想象地；表面上　supremacy dominance n.至高无上；支配地位　supreme most outstanding a.最大的；极度的　surge increase sharply v.急剧增加　surging accelerating a.高涨的；跃进的　suspend hang v.挂；悬挂　sustain support v.支撑　sweep extend v.扫过：伸展；逶迤　symmetrical proportionallybalanceda.对称的；匀称的　tangled twisted together a.混乱的　technically officially ad.学术上；正式地　telling challenging a.有效的；有力的　teeming with full of a.充满；富于　tempting attractive a.诱人的　tend care for v.照顾，照料　testimony to evidence of n.证据；证明　thanks to because of n.由于；多亏　thereby by that means 　think highly admire v.钦佩；羡慕2thrive grow well v.繁荣；兴旺2thrive flourish v.　　thwart frustrate v.妨碍；使挫折　tolerate endure v.忍受；忍耐　trace imprint n.痕迹；遗迹　transform change v.转换；改变　transition change v.转变；过渡　trend tendency n.趋势；趋向　typify characterize v.代表，表现2ultimately eventually ad.最后2ultimately in the end ad.　　unchronicled unrecorded a.未记录的3undergo experience v.经历　3undergo experienced v.　3undergo experienced v.　　underscore emphasize v.强调　underwater craft submarine n.潜水艇　undoubtedly certainly ad.的确地2unique particular a.独特的；非凡的2unique singular a.　2unprecedented never seen before a.空前的2unprecedented not existing before a.　　unravel discover v.解开；阐明　unrestricted unlimited a.无限制的；自由的　unsubstantiated unverified a.未证实的；未核实的　urged encouraged v.催促，鼓励　usher begin v.引导；开始　various different a.不同的　vary differ v.变化；改变2vast large a.巨大的；大量的；广阔的2vast great a.　　venture endeavor n.冒险；冒险行动　version form n.版本；形式　very closely intimately ad.亲密；密切　vestige evidence n.遗迹；残余　virtually completely n.实质地　want to much greedy a.贪婪的；贪心的　whether if conj.是否　wider more extensive a.宽广的　witness observe v.目睹；目击2yield provide v.产生；出产；生长；产生效果2yield produce v.　。

0310托福真题0310听力1A She is younger than her sister .B she does not spend much time with her sister’s children.C she does not get along well with her sisterD she no longer resembles her sister.2A Paper plates are cheaper than dishes.B Dishes break more easily than paper plates.C There is no need to wash any dishes now.D The woman’s roommate will return soon.3A She has not applied to any universities yet,B She will begin university classes in a few weeks.C She does not know yet if a university will accept her.D She is too busy to contact the university right now.4A Reconsider his position laterB Allow the student to miss classC Lower the student’s gradeD Suggest that the student try to reschedule the operation5A He does not have enough money for the trip yet.B He is planning to work during spring break .C The trip is too far off in the future to think about.D He has changed his mind about going to Canada.6A The photograph is not good enough to send.B The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.C They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.D Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.7A She should have asked to be excused from the trip.B She deserves the zero.C She is right to be angry.D She should have gone on the field trip.8A He wants to live off campus.B There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.C Living space in the dorm is crowded.D There are only a few apartments available off campus.9A Turn down the volume of the musicB Turn the music offC Play a different style of music.D Listen to music in a different room.10A It took a long time to finish the building.B He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.C He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.D He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday.11A Go to her class.B Cancel her appointment with the president.C Ask her professor to excuse her from class.D Attend the presentation.12A She admires Steve’s relationsh ip with his father.B She does not know Steve or his father.C Her daughter is older than Steve.D She disagrees with the man.13A He has heard the new CD.B He does not enjoy classical music.C He is not interested in the CD.D He rarely listens to music.14A Buy tickets for the next showing.B Leave the theaterC Change their seats for a better viewD Ask the couple in front of them to be quiet15A The library closes earlier during the summer.B The library is closed during summer vacation.C The library will be open until midnight tonight.D She does not usually go to the library during the summer.16A She is sorry the man has to cancel the plansB She wants to hand in her report early.C She would like to go with the man.D she does not usually enjoy the symphony.17A He has other plans for the eveningB He is looking forward to attending the party.C He often misses Linda’s parties.D he wants to know if he should bring anything to the party.18A There is just about enough time to do the jobB The desk has never been so orderly.C The clock on the desk needs to be set.D The desk really needs organizing.19A He enjoys looking at the flowers.B He thinks the park is boring.C He does not like walking with the woman.D He does not see any trees.20A There are not very many hotels in the area.B She stayed at the Clover Inn last month.C She is not sure the man’s parents would like the Clover Inn.D It may be too late to get a room at the Clover Inn.21A Wait until later to eatB Go to the cafeteria without herC Bring her some food from the cafeteriaD Meet her at the cafeteria22A He has to work with his brother .B He has no definite plans.C He usually works on weekends.D His plants depend on the woman.23A Buy stamps at the post officeB Mail the woman’s billC Drive to the woman’s houseD Pick up a package from the post office24A The woman should call Bill to check his schedule.B The woman should have left for the airport earlier.C The woman does not need to rush to meet Bill .D Traffic near the airport could delay the woman’s arrival.25A She did better on the quiz than the man did.B She did not have to take the quiz.C She has not yet received her grade on the quiz.D She did not do well on the quiz.26A He will be happy to share their dessertB He did not know what time he was supposed to arrive.C He expected the traffic to be bad.D He is not upset that they ate lunch.27A She has to quit her job in the laboratory.B She cut herself while working in the laboratory.C She enjoys doing laboratory experiments.D She feels that the man is dedicated to his work too.28A Ask for directionsB Try a different route to the beachC Go back for the mapD Cancel their trip29A He would like the woman to reschedule the meeting.B He will meet the woman briefly on FridayC The report will not be ready until Thursday.D The report was finished last Friday.30A Find out when the bookstore opensB Withdraw some cashC Inquire about a jobD Spend her extra money on books31A Ways to determine the age of a fossilB The identity of a fossil the woman foundC A comparison of two shellfish fossilsD Plans for a field trip to look for fossils32A The class is going to study them .B They evolved from brachiopods.C They are similar to brachiopods in appearance.D They belong to the same species as brachiopods.33A It has a ribbed shell.B It has an unusually large valve.C It was found near the water.D It is smaller than a mollusc.34A He has never seen a fossil that old.B It could be many millions of years old.C It is probably a recent specimen.D He will ask the lab how old it is.35A Take it to classB Put it in her collectionC Take it to the labD Leave it with her professor36A A jewelry store robberyB Buying a birthday presentC Writing a storyD Doing research for a class assignment37A Her professor did not like her story .B She had trouble finishing her assignmentC she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D She was taking too many courses,38A Take some extra timeB Do a writing exerciseC Do some work for another courseD Write the story ending first39A To go shoppingB To do research for her storyC To meet with her professorD To take a break from her work40A To describe ways pests can damage plantsB To examine the life cycle of caterpillarsC To explain how corn plants developD To describe how a natural pesticide works41A Caterpillars chewing on its leavesB Wasps laying eggs on its leavesC Pesticides sprayed on its leavesD Knives cutting its stalk42A By flying in circles around a fieldB By detecting a chemical signalC By inspecting individual corn leavesD By noticing the caterpillar’s coloration43A Recently discovered manuscriptsB Similarities among religionsC Methods of analyzing ancient manuscriptsD How ancient manuscripts are preserved44A The simplicity of their languageB Their ageC The location of their discoveryD The material they are made of45A Orally preserved teachingsB A collection of lettersC A diaryD A scholarly article46A Ancient settlers in AsiaB How Buddhism is practiced todayC The spread of Buddhism in AsiaD Why some languages disappear47A The language they are written in is not widely known.B They cannot be moved from where they were foundC The writing in them has fadedD Many people want credit for the discovery.48A The advantages of an economy based on farmingB Reasons farmers continued using river transportationC The role of cotton in the United States economyD Improved methods of transporting farm crops49A The new technology used to build roadsB The ability to transport goods over landC The trade in grain and cottonD The linking of smaller local roads into one long road50A Reduced charges for transporting farm productsB Required payment from vehicles that used their roadsC Made repairs to older roadsD Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities10月语法1.The musical comedy Oklahoma!did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt......(a)original themes(b)to original themes(c)that were original themes(d)how original themes2.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.(a)an animal breathes air that(b)an animal that breathes air(c)an animal breathes air(d)that an animal breathes air3.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.(a)is the largest(b)the largest(c)that is the largest(d)the largest that is a4.It is said that United Stales literature......individuality and identity in the twentieth century, after long imitation of European models.(a)was achieved(b)achieved(c)to achieve(d)achieving5.Lucy Stone ,......first feminists in the United States ,helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.(a)the one(b)who was the(c)another(d)one of the6.......,including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.(a)Depending on many factors(b)Many factors depending on(c)Factors depending on many(d)On many factors depending(7)Duke Ellington's orchestra ,......his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in jazz.(a)he played(b)playing(c)that it played(d)was playing(8)The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of Earth's surface......(a)as is today(b)than today is(c)than they do today(d)that today(9)From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly from services that the government could provide.(a)property owners benefited so that(b)why property owners benefited(c)that if property owners benefited(d)that property owners benefited(10)Helium is not flammable and ,next to hydrogen ,is......(a)known the lightest gas(b)lightest the known gas(c)the lightest gas known(d)the known gas lightest(11)Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.(a)live(b)to live(c)they live(d)their living(12)Portland,......,is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.(a)which Maine's largest city(b)Maine's largest city where(c)is Maine's largest city(d)Maine's largest city13.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry.(a)Despite(b)Whether(c)Though(d)Except for14.Cells,first identified by the early microscopists, began to be considered......in the nineteenth century.(a)them as microcosm of living organisms(b)the microcosm of living organisms(c)the microcosm of living organisms to be(d)as which ,the microcosm of living organisms15.Like Jupiter, Saturn is a large ,gaseous planet composed......of hydrogen and helium.(a)it is mostly(b)mostly(c)almost(d)both are almost16．Bacterial cultures are used commercially in the preparation of food products such that yogurt ,sour cream ,and vinegar.17.Anyone with absolute ,or perfect,pitch are able to identify by ear any note at some standard pitch or to sing a specified note at will.18.Sea horses usually live along the shore among seaweed and other plants to which they cling to by their tails.19.Babies have soft spots between the bones of their skulls ,which allowing for further growth.20.T.S.Elot,who a poet ,playwright, literary critic ,and editor ,was a leader of the Modemist movement in poetry.21.The Pacific Ocean comprises almost th e entire boundary western of North and South America.22．Established in 1948 ,the State University of New York is the singly largest university system in the United States.23.Photography disseminates information about humanity and nature ,records the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot penetrate.24.Because of their rapidly changing economically fortunes, many frontier towns of the American West underwent spectacular fluctuations in population in the nineteenth century.25.Virtually no disease exists today for which there is no drug that can be given ,neither to cure the disease or to alleviate its symptoms.26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting ,for the action of certain enzymes, and for the normal contraction and relax of muscles.27.The large collection of the Williams College Museum of Art includes ancient and medieval art ,but much exhibits are modern or contemporary.28.The technique of spectroscopy allows analyst of incoming light after it has been separated into its component wavelengths by passage through a prism.29.Today,fifty years after its construction ,the Alaska Highway conveys40,000 vehicles in normal year.30.Since prehistoric times ,artists (have been) arranged colors on surfaces (in ways) (that express) their ideas (about people) ,the world ,and religion.31.(Few substances)look less (alike than)coal and diamonds ,yet both (are fashioned) (from same) elemental carbon.32.Meteorologists can program their computes to scan for a specific set of weather criteria, such as falling barometric pressure ,increase cloud cover ,and rising humidity.33.Obsidian is formed when siliceous lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into rock-forming minerals.34.European settlers in North America moved from the Atlantic coast across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands, deserts, and mountains until they reached the Pacific Ocean.35.Philosophy tries to discover the nature of true and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life.36.In this world of high technology ,it is easy to forget that the most important tools ever developed for learning is still the book.37.The element potassium makes up less than one half percentage of the human body.38.Twenty thousand years ago a sheet of ice a thousand meters thick covered the coastal region which the cities of Vancouver and Juneau now are located.39.The Crow ,Blackfoot ,and Sioux tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings and costumes with colorful and highly valued beaded decorations.40.In the late 1800’s ,United States painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad ,powerful Realist style that became almost expressionistic in his later years.Questions 1-9:Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar system’s(5)most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forcesgenerated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel aroundJupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat (15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after V oyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a(20 )vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have been liquid right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior(B)Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons(C)Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons(D)Techniques used by V oyager 2 to obtain close-up images.2.The word ―intriguing‖ in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A)changing(B)perfect(C)visible(D)fascinating3.In line 7, the another mentions ―cracks in an eggshell‖ in order to help readers(A)visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B)appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from faraway(C)understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D)recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered5. what does the author mean by stating in line 7 that ―this analogy is not far off the mark‖?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of thefollowing?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.7. The word ―endless‖ in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on Europa?(A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?(A) A long period of extremely high tides(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky coreQuestion 10-19Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples ofthe Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods. In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding(5)and grinding nuts and other plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods.By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder;and squash or gourds of some kind. These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.(10)The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of theMidwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years agoand domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term ―Neolithic‖ isnot used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period(15)elsewhere in the world.Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of thecontinent. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there islittle evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticatedfoods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering(20)wild plants, Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather thanfor food. One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were allweedy species that do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and(25)dig holes. It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human –disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution. Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant foodand had detailed knowledge of plants.10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology(C) Their development of agriculture(D) Their distribution of work between men and women11. The word ―these‖ in line 13 refers to(A) seeds(B) river valleys(C) the Midwest and the Southeast(D) experimentation and domestication12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?(A) 7,000 years ago(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago(C) Long after the Neolithic period(D) Before the Archaic period13. The word ―adequate‖ in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) sufficient(B) healthful(C) varied(D) dependable14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation ofplants in eastern North America?(A) Lack of enough wild food sources(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements(C) Provision of work for an increasing population(E)Desire for the consistent availability of food15. T he phrase ―rather than‖ in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A)in addition to(B)instead of(C)as a replacement(D)such as16. The plant ―sumpweed‖ is mentioned in line 25 in order to(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate17. The word ―thrived‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) stayed(B) originated(C) grew well(D) died out18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?(A) They were varieties of weeds.(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plantswere(A) medical workers(B) leaders of ceremonies(C) women(D) huntersQuestions 20-29Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the routeby intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail(5 )pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes.These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants ineither direction.Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use (10)a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to thesesignals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, (15)and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone willevaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna intothe vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space.(20)The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new courseuntil its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and soweaves back and forth down the trail.20. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The mass migration of ants(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail(C) Different species of ants around the world(D) The information contained in pheromones21. The word ―forage‖ in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) look up(B) walk toward(C) revolve around(D) search for food22. The word ―intermittently‖ in live 4 is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly(C) rapidly(D) roughly23. The phrase ―the one‖ in line 8 refers to a single(A) message(B) dead ant(C) food trail(D) species24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals(B) To attract different types of ants(C) To protect their trail from other species(D) To indicate how far away the food is25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.27. The word ―furnish‖ in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) include(B) provide(C) cover(D) select28. The word ― oscillating ― in line 17 is closest in meaning to。

TPO 11 Conversation 1entitle [ɪn'taɪtl] v. 使有权利separate ['sɛprət] adj. 分开的；单独的access ['æksɛs] n. 使用之权schedule ['skɛdʒul] n. 时间表，计划register ['rɛdʒɪstɚ] v. 登记；注册instructor [ɪn'strʌktɚ] n. 教师enroll [ɛnˈrol] v. 登记extra ['ɛkstrə] adv. 特别地steer [stɪr] v. 引导coach [kotʃ] v. 指导；训练jot [dʒɑt] v. 草草记下；匆匆记下intermediate [ˌɪntər'miːdiət] adj. 中间的Lecture 1parenting ['pɛrəntɪŋ] n. (父母)对孩子的养育distraction [dɪ'strækʃən] n. 注意力分散predator ['prɛdətɚ] n. 食肉动物；（动物的）捕食性天敌attract [ə'trækt] v. 吸引attention [ə'tɛnʃən] n. 注意；注意力opposite ['ɑpəzət] adj. 相反的nest [nɛst] n. 巢；窝engage [ɪn'ɡedʒ] v. 与……交战injury ['ɪndʒəri] n. 伤害exhausted [ɪɡ'zɔstɪd] adj. 精疲力竭的spread [sprɛd] v. 展开，伸展drag [dræɡ] v. 拉convincing [kən'vɪnsɪŋ] adj. 使人信服的approach [ə'protʃ] n. 接近illusion [ɪ'luʒn] n. 错觉；幻觉fur [fɝ] n. 毛皮swirling [swə:liŋ] adj. 打旋的prime [praɪm] adj. 最好的conspicuous [kən'spɪkjʊəs] adj. 显著的；显而易见的risky ['rɪski] adj. 危险的；冒险的investment [ɪn'vɛstmənt] n. 投资；投入mature [mə'tʃʊr] adj. 成熟的capable ['kepəbl] adj. 有能力的hatch [hætʃ] v. 孵；孵出imitate ['ɪmɪteɪt] v. 模仿pretend [prɪ'tend] v. 假装Lecture 2architecture [ˈɑrkɪˌtɛktʃɚ] n. 建筑学detour ['ditʊr] n. 绕路grand [ɡrænd] adj. 豪华的；宏伟的residential [ˌrɛzɪ'dɛnʃl] adj. 住宅的；居住的identify [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] v. 识别，辨认出function ['fʌŋkʃən] n. 功能style [staɪl] n. 风格；式样ranch [ræntʃ] n. 牧场typical [ˈtɪpɪkəl] adj. 典型的；有代表性的drawing ['drɔɪŋ] n. 图画region ['ridʒən] n. 地区；地域peninsula [pə'nɪnsələ] n. 半岛narrow ['næro] adj. 有限的；狭窄的principle ['prɪnsəpl] n. 原理；原则apply [ə'plaɪ] v. 应用architect ['ɑrkɪtɛkt] n. 建筑师practical ['præktɪkl] adj. 实际的；实用的accurate ['ækjərət] adj. 准确的；精确的climate ['klaɪmət] n. 气候wet [wɛt] adj. 雨天的foggy ['fɔɡi] adj. 有雾的expose [ɪk'spoz] v. 使暴露relatively ['rɛlətɪvli] adv. 相对地withstand [wɪð'stænd] v. 经得起；承受angle [ˈæŋɡəl] n. 角度；观点accumulate [ə'kjumjəlet] v. 增加chimney ['tʃɪmni] n. 烟囱efficiently [ɪˈfɪʃəntlɪ] adv. 高效率地；有效地exterior [ɪk'stɪrɪɚ] adj. 外部的；表面的decoration [ˌdɛkə'reʃən] n. 装饰harsh [hɑrʃ] adj. 严酷的reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən] n. 反射，反映rural ['rʊrəl] adj. 农村的，乡村的dwelling ['dwɛlɪŋ] n. 住宅，住处afford [ə'fɔrd] v. 花费得起survival [sɚ'vaɪvl] n. 生存conformity [kən'fɔrməti] n. 一致plain [plen] adj. 简单的，平常的imitate ['ɪmɪtet] v. 模仿，效仿precisely [prɪ'saɪsli] adv. 精确地aesthetic [ɛs'θɛtɪk] adj. 审美的，美学的slope [sloʊp] n. 倾斜simplicity [sɪm'plɪsəti] n. 简单Conversation 2qualified ['kwɑlə'faɪd] adj. 能胜任的，有资格的academic [ˌækə'dɛmɪk] adj. 学术的representative ['rɛprɪ'zɛntətɪv] n. 代表；典型experience [ɪk'spɪrɪəns] n. 经验；经历resume [rɪˈzum] n. 简历；履历thesis ['θisɪs] n. 论文snack [snæk] n. 小吃；点心formal ['fɔrml] adj. 正式的candidate ['kændɪdət] n. 候选人perspective [pɚ'spɛktɪv] n. 观点，想法application [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn]n. 申请focus on 集中在Lecture 3landscape ['lænd'skep] n. 风景，景色vegetation ['vɛdʒə'teʃən] n. 植物obvious ['ɑbvɪəs] adj. 明显的，显而易见的temperature ['tɛmprətʃɚ] n. 温度，气温citric ['sɪtrɪk] adj. 柠檬的barrier ['bærɪɚ] n. 障碍物，屏障ruin ['ruɪn] v. 破坏，毁坏marshy [ˈmɑrʃi] adj. 沼泽的，湿地的swampy ['swɔmpi] adj. 沼泽的，湿地的unique [jʊ'nik] adj. 独一无二的ecosystem ['ɛko,sɪstəm] n. 生态系统adaptation [ˌædæp'teʃən] n. 适合，适应suitable ['sutəbl] adj. 适当的，相配的transform [træns'fɔrm] v. 改变drain [dren] v. 排水divert [daɪ'vɝt] v. 转移canal [kə'næl] n. 运河susceptible [sə'sɛptəbl] adj. 易受影响的absorb [əbˈsɔrb] v. 吸收release [rɪ'lis] v. 释放moisture ['mɔɪstʃɚ] n. 水分estimate ['ɛstə,met] v. 估计，估量current ['kɝənt] v. 现在的reconstruct [ˌrikən'strʌkt] v. 重建predict [prɪ'dɪkt/] v. 预测，预言dramatic [drə'mætɪk] adj. 给人深刻印象的tiny ['taɪni] adj. 微小的consequence ['kɑnsəkwɛns] n. 结果，影响wetland ['wetlənd] n. 湿地Lecture 4advertising ['ædvɚ'taɪzɪŋ] n. 广告service ['sɝvɪs] n. 服务systematic ['sɪstə'mætɪk] adj. 有系统的，有规则的approach [ə'protʃ] n. 方法potential [pə'tɛnʃl] adj. 潜在的cover ['kʌvɚ] v. 包含，包括media [ˈmidiə] n. 媒体billboard ['bɪlbɔrd] n. 广告牌avenue ['ævənu] n. 林荫道，大街majority [mə'dʒɔrəti] n.大多数appeal [ə'pil] v. 吸引target ['tɑrɡɪt] v. 目标budget ['bʌdʒɪt] n. 预算tasty ['testi] adj. 美味的，可口的purchase ['pɝtʃəs] n. 购买disastrous [dɪ'zæstrəs] adj. 极坏的，很糟糕的drive away 赶走appropriate [ə'proʊpriət] adj. 适当的negative ['neɡətɪv] adj. 消极的consequence ['kɑːnsəkwens] n. 结果。

托福考试必备词汇大全schoolyear学年term,trimester学季semester学期schoolday教学日schoolholiday假期curriculum课程subject学科discipline学科timetable课程表class,lesson课homework家庭作业exercise练习dictation听写playtime,break课间，休息toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学，旷课lateforclass迟到course(ofstudy)学业writtenwork书面作业oralcalculation口算elucidation讲解preparelessons预习grant,scholarship,fellowship奖学金holderofagrant/scholar/fellow奖学金获得者schooluniform校服teachingstaff教育工作者(总称) ofschoolage学龄儿童beginningofterm开学matriculation注册toenroll注册totakelessons(学生)上课toteach(老师)上课requiredcourse必修课optionalcourse选修课transcript成绩单lecture演讲credit学分tostudy学习tolearnbyheart记住，掌握torevise,togoover复习test考试totest考试totakeanexamination参加考试convocationnotice考试通知examiner考试者boardofexaminers考试团oralexamination口试writtenexamination笔试question问题questionpaper试卷topassanexamination(exam)通过考试prizegiving分配奖品tofailanexamination未通过考试failure不及格torepeatayear留级petitiveexamination答辩考试petitiveness竞争意识driven有紧迫感的assiduouslearning勤奋学习independentstudy*学习learningefficiency学习效率gainnewknowledgebyreviewold温故知新skipschool逃学burnthemidnightoil开夜车。

中石油职称英语词汇a/anart．一，—个；任何—个，每一；n.字母Aabandonn.放任，狂热；vt.放弃，遗弃abilityn.能力，才干ableadj.能…的，有才能的，能干的，能够的abnormaladj.反常的，变态的aboardadv.prep.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）aboutadv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围；prep.在附近，关于，在…周围，忙于aboveadj.上面的，上述的，上文的；adv.在上面；prep.在…上方，过于，超出abroadadv.往国外，海外，到处，广泛，差得远，心里没有谱absencen.不在场，缺席，缺乏，没有absentadj.不在的，缺席的，缺少的；vt.缺席absoluteadj.完全的，绝对的，纯粹的，肯定的absolutelyadv.完全地，绝对地，纯粹地，肯定地absorbvt.吸收，吸引，使专心abstractadj.抽象的，理论上的，难解的；n.摘要，抽象物，提取物；vt.摘要，使抽象化，提取，抽取abundantadj.丰富的，充裕的，丰富，盛产，富于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂，陋习，弊端；v.滥用，辱骂academicadj.学院的，理论的，学术性的；n.大学教师，学者academyn.（高等）专科院校，研究院，学会，学院acceleratev.加速，促进accelerationn.加速度accentn.重音，口音，腔调，重音符acceptvi.同意，承认；vt.接受，认可，承担，承兑acceptableadj.可接受的，合意的acceptancen.接受，承认，赞同，认可，承兑accessn.通路，访问，入门；vt.存取，接近accessoryadj.附属的，补充的，副的，同谋的；n.附件，零件，附加物，从犯，同谋者accidentn.意外事件，事故accidentaladj.意外的，偶然的，附属的accommodatevt.供应，供给，使适应，调节，和解，向…提供住宿，容纳，调和；vi．适应accommodationn.住处，膳宿，（车，船，飞机等的）预订铺位，（眼睛等的）适应性调节，（社会集团间的）迁就融合accompanyvt.陪伴，伴奏accomplishvt.完成，达到，实现accordn.一致，符合，调和，协定；vt.一致，给予；vi.符合accordancen.一致，和谐accordinglyadv.因此，从而，相应地accountn.账目，报道，客户，理由；vi．说明，认为，得分；vt.认为accumulatev.积聚，堆积accuracyn.精确性，正确度accurateadj.正确的，精确的accusevt.控告，谴责，非难accustomvt.习惯于accustomedadj.通常的，习惯的，按照风俗习惯的achen.疼痛；vi.觉得疼痛，渴望achievevt.完成，达到achievementn.成就，功绩acidadj.酸的，讽刺的，刻薄的；n.[化]酸，（俚）迷幻药acknowledgevt.承认，答谢，告知收到（某物）acquaintancen.相识，熟人acquirevt.获得，学到acren.英亩acrossadv.横过，交叉地，在对面；prep．越过，交叉，在…的那边，在…对面那边actn.法案，法令，动作，举动，节目，（戏剧的）一幕；vi.行动，产生…的效果，担当，表演，假装，表现，见效；vt.扮演，装作actionn.动作，作用，战斗，行动，举动，行为，（戏剧或书中）的情节，诉讼activatev.刺激，使活动，激活，使产生放射性activeadj.积极的，有活动能力的，[语法]主动的；n.[语法]主动语态activityn.活跃，活动性，行动，行为，[核]放射性actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actualadj.实际的，真实的actuallyadv.实际上，事实上acuteadj.敏锐的，严重的，灵敏的，[医.]急性的adn.广告adaptvi.适应；vt.使适应，改编addvi.加，增添，做加法；vt.增加，添加，计算…总和，补充说additionn.加，加起来，增加物，另外，加法additionaladj.另外的，附加的，额外的additiveadj.附加的，加成的，添加的；n.添加剂addressn.地址，演讲vt.向…致辞，演说，写姓名地址，称呼adequateadj.适当的，足够的，可以胜任的adhere[ad'hia]vt.粘附，胶着，坚持adjacentadj.邻近的，接近的adjustvt.调整，调节，校准，使适合adjustmentn.调整，调节administrationn.管理，经营，施政，行政部门admirev.赞美，钦佩，羡慕admissionn.允许进入，承认，供认，入场费admitv.容许，承认，接纳adoptvt.采用，收养，采纳adultadj.成人的，成熟的；n.成年人advancen.前进，提升，预付款；v.前进，提前，预付；adj.前面的，预先的advancedadj.高级的，年老的，先进的advantagen.优势，有利条件，利益adventuren.冒险，冒险的经历；v.冒险adverbn.副词adverseadj.不利的，敌对的，相反的advertisev.做广告，登广告，宣扬advertisementn.广告advicen.忠告，建议，[商]通知advisableadj.可取的，明智的advisevt.劝告，忠告，建议advocaten.提倡者，鼓吹者，辩护人；vt.提倡，鼓吹，拥护aeroplanen.飞机affairn.事务，事件，（尤指关系不长久的）风流韵事affectvt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装，爱好affection.友爱，爱情，影响，疾病，倾向affirmv.断言，确认，肯定affordvt.担负得起，买得起，花得起，有能力担负；提供，给予afraidadj.害怕，担心African.非洲Africann.非洲人；adj．非洲的afteradv. prep. conj.在…之后，在…后面，模仿，与…一致，以…命名，后来的，后面的afternoonn.午后，下午afterwardadv.然后，后来againadv.又，再次，此外，再一次againstprep.相反，反对，逆着，靠着，倚着agen.年龄，使用年限，限定年龄，时代；v.变老，上年纪，成熟agencyn.代理处，行销处，代理，中介agentn.代理（商），作用剂，原动力aggressiveadj.好斗的，敢做敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的agoadv.以前的，以往的agonyn.苦恼，极大的痛苦agreevi.同意，赞成…的意见，与…一致，承认，适合；vt.同意agreementn.同意，一致，协定，协议agriculturen.农业，农艺，农学aheadadj. adv.在前，向前，提前aidn.帮助，援助，有帮助的事物；vt.资助，援助，帮助aimn.目标，目的，瞄准；v.对…瞄准，打算airn.空气，天空，空中，气氛；vt.晾干，使通风，宣扬，aircraftn.航行器，飞机airlinen.定期航线，航空公司airmailn.航空邮件airplanen.飞机airportn.（美>民用机场，航空站alarmn.警报，惊慌，警告器；vt.恐吓，警告alcoholn.酒精，酒alertadj.提防的，警惕的；n.警惕，警报；v.使…保持警觉alienn.外侨；adj.外国的，相异的，不同的alignvi.排列；vt.使结盟，使成一行alikeadj.相同的，相似的；adv.以同样的方式，类似于aliveadj.活着的，活泼的alladj.全部的，所有的，整个的；adv.完全；n.一切alliedadj.联合的，同盟的，与…同属一系allocatevt.分派，分配allowvt.允许，承认allowancen.津贴，补助，宽容，允许alloyn.合金；vt.使成合金，减低成色almostadv.几乎，差不多aloneadj.单独的，独一无二的，孤独的，独自的；adv.独自地alongadv.往前，向前；prep.顺着，沿着aloudadv.大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyadv.已经alsoadv.也，同样alterv.改变alternateadj.交替的，轮流的，预备的；v.交替，轮流，改变alternativen.二中择一，可供选择的办法，事物adj.选择性的，二中择一的alternativelyadv.作为选择，二者选一地althoughconj.虽然，尽管altituden.（尤指海拔）高度，高处（海拔甚高的地方）altogetheradv.完全地，总而言之aluminiumn.[化]铝；adj.铝的alwaysadv.总是，永远，始终amateurn.业余爱好者，业余艺术家amazevt.使吃惊ambitionn.野心，雄心ambulancen.战时流动医院，救护车American.<美）美国，美洲（包括北美和南美洲）Americann.美国人，美洲人；adj.美国的，美洲的amongprep.在…之中，…之一amongstprep.在…中间，在…之中amountn.数量；vt.总计，等于amperen.安培ampleadj.充足的，丰富的amplifyv.放大，增强，扩大amplituden.广阔，丰富，振幅（物理学名词）amusevt.使发笑，使愉快analogousadj.类似的，相似的，可比拟的analogyn.类似，类推analysen.分析；vt.分析，分解analysisn.分析，分解analyticadj.分析的，解析的analyzevt.分析，分解ancestorn.祖先，祖宗anchorn.锚；v.抛锚，锚定ancientadj.远古的，旧的andconj.和，并且，而且，于是，同时，然后，因而angeln.天使，完善可爱的人angern.怒，愤怒；v.恼火anglen.[数]角，角落；vi.钓鱼，曲解，按某一角度转动angryadj.生气的，愤怒的，狂暴的（风雨等）animaln.动物；adj.动物的anklen.[解]踝anniversaryn.周年纪念announcevt.宣布，通告announcern.广播员，告知者，报幕员annoyvt.使苦恼，骚扰annualn.一年生植物，年刊，年鉴；adj.一年一次的，每年的，一年生的anotheradj.另外的，又一，不同的；prep.另一个，另一个人，同类的东西answern.答案，回答，答辩，抗辩；v.回答说，答复说，符合，反响，响应antn.蚂蚁antennan.天线，（动>触角anticipatevt.预期，预见，预订，期望，过早使用，先人一着，占先anxietyn.忧虑，焦急，渴望，热望anxiousadj.观念的，担忧的，渴望的，盼望的anyadj.任何的，任何一种，所有的；pron.无论那一个，任何anybodypron.任何人，重要人物anyhowadv.无论如何，总之anyonepron．任何一个anythingpron.任何事anywayadv.无论如何，总之anywhereadv.无论何处apartadv.分离，分成零件，分别地，分离着apartmentn.（美）公寓住宅，单元住宅，房间apologizevi.道歉，辩白apologyn.（为某种思想，宗教，哲学等）辩解，道歉apparatusn.器械，设备，仪器apparentadj.显然的，外观上的appealn.请求，呼吁，上诉，吸引力，要求；vi.求助，诉请，要求；vt.控诉appearvi.出现，看来，似乎，公开露面，出版，发表appearancen.出现，露面，外貌，外观appendixn.附录，附属品，[解]阑尾appetiten.食欲，胃口，欲望，爱好applen.苹果，似苹果的果实appliancen.用具，器具applicableadj.可适用的，可应用的applicationn.请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用，施用，敷用，应用程序，应用软件applyvt.申请，应用；vi．申请，适用appointvt.约定，指定（时间，地点），任命，委任appointmentn.约会，指定，任命，选派appreciableadj.可感知的，可评估的appreciatevi.增值，涨价；vt.赏识，鉴赏，感激approachn.接近，逼近，走进，方法，步骤，途径，通路；vt.接近，动手处理；vi.靠近appropriateadj.适当的approvaln.赞成，承认，正式批准approvev.赞成，满意，批准，通过approximateadj.近似的，大约的；v.近似，接近approximatelyadv.近似地，大约Apriln.四月（略作Apr）aptadj.易于…的，有…倾向的，灵敏的，灵巧的，适当的Arabianadj.阿拉伯的，阿拉伯人的arbitraryadj.任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的arcn.弧，弓形，拱archadj.主要的；n.拱门，弓形结构，拱形；v.（使）弯成弓形architecturen.建筑，建筑学，体系机构arean.范围arguevi.争论，辩论；vt.说服argumentn.争论，辩论，论据，论点arisevt.出现，发生，起因于，起来arithmeticn.算术，算法armn.臂，臂状物，衣袖，海湾，武器；vi.武装起来；vt.供给，提供，武装，装备armyn.陆军，军队，大群，大军aroundadv.周围，四周，到处，大约，左右；prep.在…周围，四处arousevi.睡醒；vt.唤醒，唤起，鼓励，引起arrangeyi.筹划，安排；vt.排列，整理，安排，布置，改编arrangementn.排列，安排arrayn.排列，编队，军队，盛装，大批；vt.部署，穿着，排列arrestn.逮捕，拘留；vt.逮捕，拘留，吸引arrival [a'raival]n.到来，到达，到达者arrivevi.到达，抵达arrown.箭，箭头记号artn.艺术，艺术品，技术，巧妙，美术articlen.文章，论文，物品，商品，项目，条款，冠词artificialadj.人造的，假的，非原产地的，虚假的artistn.艺术家，画家artisticadj.艺术的，有美感的，风雅的asadv.同样地，被看作，像；prep.当作；conj.像…一样，如同，当…时，因为，尽管，如此…以致ascendvi.攀登，上升ascertainvt.确定，探知vt.分配，指派，赋值assignmentn.分配，委派，任务，（课外）作业assistvt.援助，帮助assistancen.协助，援助，补助，（英>国家补助assistantadj.辅助的，助理的；n.助手，助教associateadj.副的；n.合作人，同事；vt.使发生联系，使联合；vi.交往，结交associationn.协会，联合，结交，联想assumevt.假定，设想，采取，呈现assumptionn.假定，设想，担任，承当，假装，作态assurancen.确信，断言，保证，担保assurevt.断然地说，确告，保证，担保astonishvt.使惊讶astronautn.太空人，宇航员atprep.在，于，向，对准，在…方面athleten.运动员，运动选手Atlanticadj.大西洋的；n.大西洋atmospheren.大气，空气，气氛atmosphericadj.大气的atomn.原子attachv.缚上，系上，贴上，配属，隶属于attachment n.附件，附加装置，配属attackn.进攻，攻击，（用语言）抨击，批评，疾病发作，侵袭；vt.攻击，抨击，动手处理（某事）；vi.攻击attainv.达到，获得；到达attemptn.努力，尝试，企图；vt.尝试，企图attendvi.专心于，留意；vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注意attendantn.服务员；adj.伴随的，服侍的，附带的attentionn.注意，关心，关注，注意力，（口令）立正！attentiveadj．注意的，专心的，留意的attituden.姿势，态度，看法，意见attractvi.有吸引力，引起注意；vt.吸引attractionn.吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的attributen.属性，品质，特征；vt.加于，把…归于，归因于…audiencen.听众，观众，接见，拜见Augustn.八月（略作Aug）august口巧．令人敬畏的，威严的auntn.姑妈，伯母，舅妈，阿姨auraladj.听觉的Australian.澳洲，澳大利亚Australianadj.澳洲的，澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的；n.澳大利亚人authorn.作家，创造者authorityn.权威，威信，权威人士，权力，职权，典据，著作权威automaticadj.自动的，无意识的，机械的；n.自动机械automationn.自动控制，自动操作automobilen.（美>汽车（=(英) motorcar，car）autumnn.秋天，成熟期，渐衰期auxiliaryadj.辅助的，补助的；n．辅助者，助手availableadj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的，接受探访的avenuen.林荫道，大街，方法，途径，路averageadj.一般的，通常的，平均的；n.平均，平均水平，平均数；vi.买进，卖出；vt.平均为，均分，使平衡，达到平均水平aviationn.飞行，航空，航空学，航空术avoidvt.避免，消除awaitvt.等候awakeadj.警觉的，醒着的，意识到；vi.醒，觉醒领会，觉悟；vt.唤醒awardn.奖，奖品；vt.授予，判给awareadj.知道的，明白的，意识到的awayadv.在远处，到远处，离去awfuladj.可怕的，威严的，（口）极度的，糟糕的awfullyadv非常，很，十分awkwardadj.难使用的，笨拙的axn.斧头，战斧；vt.削减axisn.轴B．C．adj.公元前babyn.婴孩backadj.后面的，在后面，已过去的；adv.向后地；n.背部，后面；v.后退，支持backgroundn.背景，后台，不重要或不引人注目的地方或位置backwardadv.adj.向后地（的），相反地（的），追溯，退步，由好变坏bacterian.细菌badadj.劣质的，有害的，坏的，不利的，不健康的，严重的badgen.徽章，证章badlyadv.严重地，恶劣地badmintonn.羽毛球bafflevt.困惑，阻碍，为难；n.隔板bagn.袋子，猎获物baggagenn行李，[军]辎重bakev.烘焙，烤，烧硬balancen.秤，天平，平衡，[商]收支差额，结余，余额，资产平衡表；v.平衡，称，权衡，对比，结算balln.球，球状物，舞会，尽情地玩balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.带子，镶边，波段，队，乐队；v.联合，结合bangn.重击，突然巨响；v.发巨响，重击bankn.银行，堤，岸，沙洲，浅滩，一堆（土），（云）层，储藏所（库）；vt.存（款）于银行，储蓄，（车或飞机）倾斜转弯bankruptadj.破产了的，完全丧失的；n.破产者;n.使破产bannern.旗帜，横幅，标语barn.条，棒（常用作栅栏，扣栓物），横木，酒吧间，栅，障碍物；vt.禁止，阻挡，妨碍，把门关住barbern.理发员，理发师bareadj．赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的；vt.使赤裸，露出barelyadv.仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能bargainn.契约，合同，成交商品，便宜货；v.议价barkn.树皮，吠声；v.吠，咆哮barnn．[农]谷仓，畜棚，畜舍，机器房barrel['baeral]n.桶，一桶之量，枪管barriern.（阻碍通道的）障碍物，栅栏，屏障baseadj.卑鄙的，低级的；n.底部，基础，根据地，基地，本部，基数，（运动）出发点；vt.以…作基础，基于…basementn.地下室，墙脚basicadj.基本的，碱性的；n.基本，要素，基础；n.[计]BASIC语言，基本高级语言basicallyadv.基本上，主要地basinn.盆，盆地，水池basisn.基础，基本，根据，主要成分（或要素），（认识论中的）基本原则或原理basketn.篮，一篮basketballn.篮球，篮球运动batn.蝙蝠，球棒；vt.用球棒击球bathn.沐浴，浴室bathen.洗澡；v.沐浴，洗，（光线）充满bathroomn.浴室，盥洗室batteryn.电池，炮组，一组battlen.战役（指大规模会战），战争；vi.作战，战斗，搏斗，斗争bayn.海湾，狗吠声，月桂树；vf．吠；vt.吠，使走投无路beprep.是，在，存在；abbr.[域]Belgium，比利时BE =Bank of England 英格兰银行[英]beachn.海滩beadn.珠子，水珠beamn.梁，桁条，（光线的）束，柱，电波，横梁；v.播送beann.豆，豆形果实bearn.熊；v.负担，忍受，带给，挤beardn.胡须bearingn.轴承，关系．方面，意义，方向，方位beastn.兽，畜牲，人面兽心的人beatn.敲打，拍子，巡逻区域；v.打，打败beautifuladj.美丽的，很好的beautyn.美，美景，美好的东西，美人becauseconj.adv.因为becomevi.变成，成为，变得；vt.适合，相称bedn.床，基础，路基，河底，海底，一堆，一层；vi．上床，分层been.蜜蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeadv.在前，以前；conj.在…之前，与其…宁可；prep.在…之前beforehandadv.预先begv.请求，乞求beggarn.乞丐beginV.开始，首先beginnern.初学者beginningn.开始behalfn.利益behavevi.举动，举止，运转，行为表现behaviorn.举止，行为behaviourn.行为，举止，习性behindadv.在后；prep.在…之后beingbe的现在分词；n.存在，生命，人，本质beliefn.信任，信心，信仰believev.有坚定的宗教信仰，相信，信任，认为，想belln.铃，钟belongvi.处在，该在，( to)属于belovedadj.心爱的；n.所爱的人，爱人belowprep.在…下面，adv.在较低处，到下面beltn.带子，地带，腰带benchn.长椅子，法官bendn.弯曲；v.弯曲，专心于，屈服beneathadv.在…之下；prep.在…之下beneficialadj.有益的，受益的，[法律]有使用权的benefitn.利益，好处；1，f．受益；vt，有益于，有助于berryn.浆果besideprep.在旁边，和…比较besidesadv.此外；prep.除…之外bestadj.最好的；adv.最好地，最，极；n.最佳的状态或作品，最好的东西betn.赌，打赌；v.赌，赌钱betrayvt.出卖，背叛，泄露（秘密），露出…迹象betteradj.较好的；adv.更好，更多，更佳；n.较好的人（东西）；v.改善，胜过betweenprep.在…之间，连接…，由…协力合作；adv.在其间，当中beyondadv.在远处；prep.在（到）…较远的一边，超过，那一边Biblen.圣经bicyclen.脚踏车，自行车；v.骑自行车bidn.出价，投标；vt.出价，投标，祝愿，命令，吩咐，支付bigadj.大的，重要的，量大的，重要的biken.脚踏车，自行车billn.账单，钞票，票据，清单，议案，法案，广告；vt.用海报宣传，把…列成表，给…开账单billionadj.（美、法）十亿（的），（英、德）万亿（的）；n.（美、法）十亿（的），（英、德）万亿（的）；bindv.绑，镶边，装订，凝固，约束biologyn.生物学，生物（总称）birdn.鸟，（俚）人birthn.出生，产生，出身birthdayn.生日biscuitn.饼干，小点心bitn.小块，少量，片刻，钻头，刀头，辅币，[计]位，比特biten.咬，咬伤，一口，刺痛；v.咬，刺痛bitter adj.苦的，痛苦的，怀恨的bitterlyadv.苦苦地，悲痛地，厉害地blackadj.黑色的，弄脏了的，忧郁的；n.黑色，黑颜料，黑人；vt.（使）变黑，涂黑blackboardn.黑板bladen.刀刃，刀片blamen.过失，责备；vt.责备，谴责blankadj.空白的，空着的，失色的，没有表情的；n.空白，（美>表格blanketn.毯子；vt.覆盖blastn.一阵（风），一股（气流），爆炸，冲击波；vt.爆炸，毁灭，使枯萎，损害blazen.火焰，光辉，情感爆发；vi.燃烧，照耀，激发；vt.公开宣布bleedv.使出血，放血blendn.混合物；vt.混合blessvt.祝福，保佑，（口）哎呀！我的天哪！blindadj.瞎的，盲目的；vt.使失明，缺乏眼光或判断力；n.窗帘，欺瞒，掩饰，隐蔽处blockn.木块，石块，块，街区，印版，滑轮，阻滞，（一）批；vt.妨碍，阻塞bloodn.血，血液，血统；v.使（某人）先取得经验bloomn.花，旺盛，青春；v.（使）开花，（使）繁盛blossomn.花（尤指结果实者），花开的状态，兴旺期；vi.开花，兴旺，发展blueadj.蓝色的，忧郁的，沮丧的；n.蓝色blown.殴打，突然的打击；v.风吹，吹气于，叫，烧断boardn.木板，（供特殊用途的）木板，甲板，膳食费用，会议桌，部；vt.用板盖上，包伙食，提供膳食，上（船、飞机等）boastn.自夸，值得夸耀的事物；v.自夸，以有…而自豪boatn.小船，艇；v.划船bodyn.身体，肉体，人，尸体，主要部分，团体，大量；vt.赋以形体boiln.沸点，沸腾，疖子；v.煮沸，激动boilern.煮器（锅，壶的统称），汽锅，锅炉boldadj.大胆的，粗体的，冒失的，显眼的boltn.门闩，螺钉，闪电，跑掉；v.上门闩，囫囵吞下，逃跑bombn.炸弹；vt.投弹于，轰炸bondn.结合（物），黏结（剂），联结，公债，债券，合同；v.结合bonen.骨；v.剔除bookn.书，书籍，卷，篇，账簿，名册，工作簿；v.登记，预订，控告boomn.繁荣，隆隆声；v.发隆隆声，兴隆bootn.<美>（长统）靴，靴子，引导启动程序boothn.货摊，售货亭，棚bordern.边界，国界，边，边沿，边境；vt.与…接壤，接近，近似bore[b3：]n.令人讨厌的人，怒潮，枪膛，孔；v.使烦扰，钻孔bornadj.天生的，原本的，天生就…的；vbl.出生borrowv.借，借人，借用bosomn.胸部，胸，胸怀，内心，内部，中间，任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方bossn.老板，上司；vt.指挥bothadj.两者，双方的；pron.双方，两者bothern.麻烦，烦扰;vi.烦恼，操心;vt.烦扰，打扰bottlevt．烦恼，操心；vt．烦扰，n.瓶子；vt.用瓶装bottomadj.底部的；n.底，底部，尽头，末端；vt.装底，查明真相，测量深浅；vi.到达底部，建立基础boughn.大树枝，主枝bouncen.（球）跳起，弹回；v.（使）反跳，弹起，（指支票）被银行退票，弹跳boundadj.正要启程的，开往…去的，被束缚的，装订的；n.进，跳，范围，限度；v.跳跃，限制boundaryn.边界，分界线bown.弓，乐弓，弓形，鞠躬，船首；v.鞠躬，弯腰bowln.碗，碗状物，木球；v.滚，（板球）投球boxn.盒子，箱，包厢，岗亭，一拳；v.装…入盒中，打耳光，拳击boyn.男孩，儿子，孩子气的人，男仆brainn.脑，头脑braken.闸，刹车；v.刹车branchn.枝，分枝，分部，分店，（学科）分科，部门，支流，支脉；v.出现分歧brandn.商标，牌子，烙印；vt.打烙印brandyn.白兰地酒brassn.黄铜，黄铜制品braveadj.勇敢的breadn.面包，生计breadthn.宽度，（布的）幅宽，（船）幅breakn.休息，暂停，破裂，突变；v.打破，违犯，折断，削弱，超过，突变breakfastn.早餐；vi.进早餐breastn.胸部，乳房，胸怀，心情；vt.以胸对着，对付breathn.呼吸，气息，气味breathev.呼吸，发出，低语breedn.品种，种类；v.（使）繁殖，教养，抚养breezen.微风，煤屑，轻而易举的事，小风波；vi.吹微风，逃走brickn.砖，砖块，砖形物（如茶砖，冰砖等）bridgen.桥，舰桥，鼻梁，桥牌；vt.架桥，渡过briefn.摘要，大纲；adj.简短的，短暂的；vt.摘要，（军事）下达简令brightadj.明亮的，辉煌的，欢快的，聪明的，伶俐的brightenv.（使）变亮，（使）愉快brilliantadj.灿烂的，闪耀的，有才气的brimn.（杯，碗等）边，边缘，（河）边；vi.满溢；vt.注满，使满溢bringvi．停下；vt.拿来，带来，产生，引起，提出（诉讼）briskadj.敏锐的，凛冽的，轻快的，活泼的bristlen.刚毛，猪鬃；vi.（毛发等）竖起，发怒；adj.长满硬毛的，易发怒的Britainn.英国，不列颠Britishadj.大不列颠的，英国的，英国人的；n.英国人brittleadj.易碎的，脆弱的broadadj.宽的，阔的，广泛的，明朗的，显著的，主要的；n.湖沼地区broadcastn.广播，播音；v.播撒（种子），（无线电或电视）广播，播送，播放brokenadj.坏掉的，患病的，被制服的，断掉的；vbl.break的过去分词bronzeadj.青铜色的；n.青铜（铜与锡合金），铜像broodn.（动物中鸟或家禽的）一窝，（同种或同类的）一伙；vt.沉思brookn.小溪；vt.容忍broomn.扫帚，[植]金雀花；vt.扫除brothern.兄弟brown.眉毛，额，（面部）表情brownn.褐色adj.褐色的，棕色的；v.（使）成褐色，晒黑bruisen.瘀伤，擦伤；v.打伤，撞伤brushn.刷子，毛刷，画笔；vt.刷，掸，拂bruteadj.残忍的，畜生般的；n.残忍的人，畜生bubblen.泡沫，幻想的计划；vi.起泡，潺潺地流bucketn.桶，一桶的量，[桶状物]铲斗budn.芽，蓓蕾；vi.发芽，萌芽budgetn.预算；vi.做预算，编人预算buildn.构造，体格，体形；v.建造，建筑buildingn.建筑物，营造物（如房屋，大楼，工厂，船等）bulbn.鳞茎，球形物，电灯泡bulkn.大小，体积，大批，大多数，散装；vt.显得大，起重大作用；adj.大批的bull[bul]n.[动]公牛，粗壮如牛的人，（股票）多头bulletn.子弹bunchn.串，束；v.捆成一束bundlen.捆，束，包；v.捆扎burdenn.担子，负担；v.负担bureaun.办公桌，衣柜，<美>局，办公署burn[n.烧伤，灼伤；v.烧，烧焦，点（灯），使感觉烧热burstn.突然破裂，爆发，脉冲；v.爆裂，炸破，急于，爆发buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏busn.公共汽车bushn.矮树丛，灌木businessn.商业，买卖，交易，生意，事情，事物，营业，商行busyadj.忙碌的，热闹的butadv几乎，仅仅；conj.而是，但是；prep.除…以外butchern.屠夫，屠户；vt.屠宰，屠杀buttern.黄油，牛油；vt.涂黄油于…上butterflyn.[动]蝴蝶，蝶泳buttonn.纽扣，[计]按钮；v.扣住，扣紧buyn.廉价品，合算的买卖；v.买byadv.通过，经过，附近；prep.在附近，在旁边，经，由，依据，按照，通过，用cabbagen.[植]甘蓝，卷心菜cabinn.小屋，船舱cabinetadj.（美）内阁的，小巧的；n.（有抽屉或格子的）橱柜，（美）内阁cablen.电缆，海底电报，缆，索；v.拍电报cafen.咖啡馆，小餐馆cafeterian.自助餐厅cagen.笼，槛，（矿井）贯笼caken.蛋糕，饼，饼状物calciumn.[化]钙（元素符号Ca）calculatev.计算，考虑，计划，打算；v.（美）以为，认为calculationn.计算，考虑calculatorn.计算机，计算器calendarn.日历，历法calibratev.校准calibrationn.标度，刻度，校准calln.喊声，叫声，命令，号召，访问，叫牌，通话，必要；v.呼叫，召集，称呼，认为，命名，打电话calmadj.（天气、海洋等）静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的；v.（使）平静，（使）镇定，平息cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机campn.露营地，阵营；vi.露营，扎营campaignn.[军]战役，（政治或商业性）活动，竞选运动；vi.参加活动，从事活动，作战campusn.<美）校园，大学教育canconj.能，可以；n.罐头，铁罐；vt.装进罐中，把食品装罐Canadan.加拿大Canadianadj.加拿大的；n.加拿大人canaln.运河，小道，导管，槽，沟渠；vt.开运河cancelvt.取消，删去cancern.癌，毒瘤candidaten.候选人，报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果，冰糖；v.蜜饯，糖煮（水果）cannonn.大炮，加农炮；v.炮轰canoen.独木舟，轻舟canteenn.小卖部，食堂，餐厅，饭盒，（军用）水壶canvasn.帆布，油画capn.帽子，军帽，（瓶）帽，（笔）帽；vt.覆盖，胜过capabilityn.（实际）能力，性能，容量，接受力capableadj.有能力的，能干的，有可能的，可以…的capacityn.容量，生产量，容量，智能，才能，能力，接受力，地位capitaladj.资金的，重要的，死罪的，大写的；n.首都，首府，大写字母，资本，资金，资产captainn.队长，首领，船长，机长，（空军，海军）上校，（陆军）上尉；v.指挥，统帅captiveadj.被俘的，被迷住的；n.俘虏，被美色或爱情迷住的人capturen.捕获，战利品；vt.俘获，捕获，夺取carn.汽车，小汽车，车辆，客车，[铁]车厢carbonn.[化]碳（元素符号C），（一张）复写纸carbonaten.[化]碳酸盐；vt.使变成碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳，碳化cardn.纸牌，卡片，信用卡caren.注意，照料，烦恼，忧虑，由…转交；vi.关心，顾虑，照顾，喜爱；vt.在意careern.（原意：道路，轨道）事业，生涯，速度carefuladj.小心的，仔细的carelessadj.粗心的，疏忽的cargon.船货，（车、船、飞机等运输的）货物carpentern.木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.马车，客车，运费，（机械）车架carriern.运送者，邮递员，带菌者，（自行车等）行李架，搬运器，航空母舰；[电]载波（信号）carrotn.胡萝卜carryn.进位，射程，运载；vi.被携带，能达到；vi.携带，运送，支持，支撑，传送，意味cartn.大车，手推车；vt.用车装载carvev.雕刻，切开casen.事，病例，案例，情形，场合，讼案，容器，（语法）格cashn.现金；vt.兑现casingn.罩，壳，套，管cassetten.盒子，盒式磁带castn.投掷，铸件，脱落物，一瞥，演员表；v.投，抛，浇铸，计算，派（角色）castlen.城堡casualadj.偶然的，不经意的，临时的catn.猫catalogn.目录，目录册；v.编目录catalystn.催化剂catchn.捕捉，捕获物，（窗）钩；v.捕获，赶上（车船等），发觉，感染（疾病），抓住，燃着categoryn.种类，别，[逻]范畴cathedraln.大教堂cattlen.牛，家养牲畜causen.原因，导致某事发生的人或事，动机，理由，根据，目标，理想，事业；vt.引起，惹起，使（发生），促成cautionn.小心，谨慎，警告；vt.警告caven.洞穴，窑洞；vi．凹陷，投降；vt.挖洞，使凹陷ceasev.停止，终了ceilingn.天花板，最高限度celebratev.庆祝，祝贺，表扬，赞美，举行celln.单元，细胞，蜂房，（尤指监狱或寺院的）单人房间，电池cellarn.地窖，地下室，酒窖，藏酒室cementn.水泥，接合剂；vi.粘牢；vt.接合，用水泥涂，巩固centn.（货币单位）分，分币centigradeadj.分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的centimetren.厘米，公分centraladj.中心的，中央的，重要的，主要的，中枢的，走中间道路的centren.中心，中央，中心区；v.集中centuryn.世纪，百年，板球中的一百分ceremonyn.典礼，仪式，礼节certainadj.确定的，某一个，无疑的，必然的，可靠的；pron.某几个，某些certainlyadv.的确，（口语）当然，行certaintyn.确定，确实的事情，确定性certificaten.证书，证明书；vt.发给证明书，以证书形式授权给…chainn.链（条），镣铐，一连串，一系列vt.用链条拴住chairn.椅子，教授职位，主席位，讲座；vt.担任主席（主持人）chairmann.席，会长chalkn.笔，白垩；vt.粉笔写，和以白垩challengen.挑战；vt.向…挑战chambern.室，房间，议院，会所，卧室championn.冠军，拥护者，战士；vt.拥护，支持chance]adj.偶然的；n.机会，可能性，偶然性，运气；v.碰巧，偶然发生，冒…的险changen.改变，变化，转变，找回的零钱，找头，辅币；vt.改变，变革，改造，兑换channeln.海峡，水道，沟，路线，信道，频道；vt.引导，开导，形成河道chaptern.（书籍）章charactern.（事物的）特性，性质，特征（的总和），（人的）品质，字符，性格，特征，人物characteristicadj.特有的，表示特性的，典型的；n.特性，特征characterizevt.表现…的特色，刻画的…性格chargen.负荷，电荷，费用，主管，掌管，充电，充气，装料；v.装满，控诉，责令，告诫，指示，加罪于，冲锋，收费charityn.慈善，施舍，慈善团体charmingadj.迷人的，娇媚的chartn.海图，图表；vt.制图chartervt.租，包（船、车等）；n.宪章chasen.追赶，追击；vt.追赶，追逐，雕镂cheapadj.便宜的，不值钱的cheatn.欺骗，骗子；v.欺骗，骗取checkn.阻止，制止，控制，阻止物，支票，检讫的记号，饭馆的账单；vi.证明无误，核对无误，逐项相符，[象棋]将军；vt.检查，制止，核对，寄存，托运cheekn.颊，厚颜，类似颊的事物cheern.愉快，欢呼；v.（使）快活，（对……）欢呼cheerfuladj.愉快的，高兴的cheesen.干酪，乳酪chemicaladj.化学的；n.化学制品，化学药品chemistn.化学家，药剂师chemistryn.化学chequen.支票cherryn.樱桃，樱桃树，如樱桃的鲜红色chessn.国际象棋chestn.胸腔，胸膛，箱，柜chewv.咀嚼，认真考虑chickenn.小鸡，鸡肉，胆小鬼chiefn.首领，领袖，酋长，长官，主要部分，最有价值的部分；a主要的，首要的，首席的，主任的childn.孩子，儿女，子孙childhoodn.孩童时期childishadj.孩子气的，幼稚的chilladj.寒冷的；n.寒意，寒战，寒心；v.使冷，变冷，冷藏chimneyn.烟囱，灯罩chinn.下巴，下颚chinan.陶瓷，瓷器，瓷料Chinan.中国Chineseadj.中国的，中国人的，中国话的，汉语的；n.中国人，中国话，汉语，中文chipn.碎片，筹码，芯片；v.削成碎片，碎裂chloriden.[化]氯化物chocolaten.巧克力，巧克力色choiceadj.精选的，上等的，挑三拣四的，可选的，宠爱的，爱惜的；n.选择，抉择，精选品，选择机会，选择权choken.窒息，阻气门；v.窒息，哽住，使呼吸困难，阻塞choosev.选择，选定chopn.．砍，排骨，官印，商标；vt.剁碎，砍，（风浪）突变Christiann.基督徒，信徒；adj.基督教的，信基督教的Christmasn.（纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日，12月25日）圣诞节churchn.教堂，礼拜堂，教会，教派，[宗]礼拜cigaretten.香烟，纸烟cineman.电影院，电影circlen.圆周，圆形物，派系，循环；v.围，环绕，盘旋circuitn.电路，一圈，周游，巡回circularadj.圆形的，循环的；n.函件，通知circulatev.（使）流通，（使）运行，（使）循环，（使）传播circulationn.循环，流通，发行额circumferencen.圆周，周围circumstancen.环境，详情，境况citevt.引用，引证，提名表扬citizenn.市民，公民cityn.城市，都市，全体居民，城邦civiladj.全民的，市民的，公民的，国民的，民间的，民事的，根据民法的，文职的，有礼貌的civilizationn.文明，文化，文明社会，文明，一个著名游戏的名称。

VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.(A) lived(B) died(C) hunted(D) fed2. Algae vary in their capacity to tolerate salinity changes.(A) desire(B) ability(C) effort(D) purpose3. Most classical music is recorded in studios where minimal extraneous sounds and distractions are likely to occur.(A) reliable(B) complementary(C) the loudest(D) the fewest4. Voted the most valuable player of the National League in 1949, baseball player Jackie Robinson also received a gold medal that year for his role in bettering race relations.(A) improving(B) discussing(C) evaluating(D) bartering5. Although great strides in agricultural technology have resulted in massive production increases, weather remains an important limitation.(A) abrupt(B) enormous(C) long-term(D) overdue6. The American dancer Loie Fuller used perfume to create special effects during her performances.(A) dim lights(B) strange music(C) darkness(D) scent7. The circulatory system helps dispose of wastes that would harm the body if they accumulated.(A) catch up with(B) bear up under(C) get rid of(D) run out of8. The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduces in the 1950's.(A) discreetly(B) consistently(C) automatically(D) disproportionately9. In 1896 George Washington Carver became director of the Department of Agricultural Research at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, a position he retained for the rest of his life.(A) expanded(B) managed(C) cherished(D) kept10. Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.(A) finally(B) accidentally(C) experimentally(D) opportunely11. Lamp filaments are made from tungsten, a strong metal that can hold up under high temperatures without melting.(A) reduce(B) withstand(C) illuminate(D) reflect12. The junior college has become a significant component in the expansion of educational opportunities in the United States since the Second World War.(A) force(B) element(C) concept(D) academy13. During their winter hibernation period, bears doze.(A) sleep lightly(B) lose fur(C) go hungry(D) have babies14. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.(A) picked up(B) taken indoors(C) breathed in(D) eaten up15. Known as "The First Lady of Song." Ella Fitzgerald got her start as a professional singer when she won a contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in 1934.(A) an award(B) an argument(C) a competition(D) a contract16. Chromium is a comparatively scarce element, occurring in nature only in compounds.(A) complex(B) strong(C) hard(D) rare17. Many photographers prefer to take pictures at twilight, when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.(A) at dusk(B) at noon(C) in the spring(D) in the fall18. The climate of the Middle Atlantic region of the United States varies with the altitude and land surface.(A) ocean waves(B) humidity(C) wind direction(D) elevation19. Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred on the outskirts of existing metropolitan areas.(A) in the counties(B) on the edges(C) on the streets(D) at the intersections20. A recent study concluded that unstable weather patterns may cause migraine headaches.(A) unforeseen(B) variable(C) violent(D) unusual21. Janet Guthrie was the first woman to compete in the Indianapolis 500, the most prestigious automobile race in the United States.(A) fastest(B) wealthiest(C) most honored(D) most dangerous22. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.(A) speeches(B) duties(C) marches(D) moves23. The reproductive potential of aphids is unmatched in the insect world.(A) unqualified(B) unrecognized(C) underestimated(D) unequaled24. The boom in silver production after 1860 spurred the use of innovative machinery in crafting silver flatware and vessels.(A) stimulated(B) allowed(C) required(D) accompanied25. Barbara Reed, a probation officer in Ohio, tried to climinate overly sweet foods from probationers’ diets in order to temper their antisocial behavior.(A) explain(B) moderate(C) do away with(D) learn about26. If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly around.(A) carelessly(B) tirelessly(C) powerlessly(D) heartlessly27. H.L.Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English language.(A) an unrivaled(B) an unmistakable(C) a pretentious(D) a permanent28. In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insightthrough the use of such devices as questionnaires.(A) access(B) credibility(C) publicity(D) understanding29. After his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony.(A) warned(B) urged(C) commanded(D) recruited30. The value of a topaz is largely determined by its quality.(A) especially(B) actually(C) mainly(D) alwaysVOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION1. In addition to being organs of hearing our ears assist us in maintaining our sense of balance.(A) Without(B) Instead of(C) Besides(D) In contrast to2. British Columbia's first gold rush was followed directly by the discovery of gold in eastern Canada.(A) secretly(B) importantly(C) smoothly(D) immediately3. The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for crops such as the peanut.(A) restored(B) stabilized(C) helped(D) changed4. Although best known for his political writing, reformer W. E. B.Du Bois also produced noteworthy fiction and poetry.(A) musical(B) unnoticed(C) extensive(D) significant5. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.(A) surveyed(B) farmed(C) irrigated(D) discovered6. Copper is commonly alloyed with zinc to make brass.(A) mixed(B) beaten(C) layered(D) heated7. Colorful parades were commonly organized on the frontier to display newly arrived merchandise.(A) cavalry mops(B) objects for sale(C) immigrants to the West(D) circus shows8. Europeans established permanent colonies on the eastern shores of what is now the United States t hroughout the seventeenth century.(A)during(B) before(C) up until(D) just after9. The Atlantic trade winds and the belt of calms between them shift northward and southward with the seasons.(A) intensify(B) twist(C) move(D) rush10. Eudora Welty's stories deal with life in the rural South.(A) criticize(B) elevate(C) concern(D) ridicule11. Boston owes some of its economic success to its outstanding public transportation network.(A) busy(B) scenic(C) remarkable(D) gigantic12. In 1973 Ernest Vincent Wright wrote the 50,100-word novel Gadsby without once using the letter "e"(A) simply(B) ever(C) at once(D) at first13. Caused by an ascorbic acid deficiency, scurvy was a serious humana affliction until fairly recent times(A) attribute(B) notion(C) situation(D) problem14. Because light travels more quickly than sound, a rumble of thunder never precedes a bolt of lightning.(A) follows(B) accompanies(C) brings about(D) comes before15. Inuits depend mainly on fishing and hunting for their sustenance.(A) training(B) luxuries(C) recreation(D) livelihood16. Long acclaimed as one of the world's leading sopranos. Beverly Sills retired from her singing career to become artistic directorof the New York City Opera.(A) principal(B) versatile(C) imposing(D) demanding17. Under proper conditions an iceboat can actually travel faster than the presuming breech.(A) suitable(B) unlikely(C) various(D) windy18. Swallows nest in barns, sheds, chunneys and other secluded places.(A) isolated(B) high(C) comfortable(D) rural19. The harpsichord, developed during the Middle Ages, was one of the forerunners of the piano.(A) competitors(B) imitators(C) predecessors(D) offspring20. Geneticist Barbara McClintock discovered that genes, which prescribe the function of cells in plants and animals, can move in unpredictable ways.(A) inhibit(B) mimic(C) alter(D) dictate21. Artists of the school of New Realism deliberately avoid expressing what they feel or think about the subject of their paintings.(A) subtly(B) actually(C) consistently(D) intentionally22. Citizens of foreign countries who hold certificates of deposit in Canadian banks are responsible for paying the Canadian government a tax on their investment earnings.(A) revenue(B) commission(C) product(D) banking23. In the Nothern Hemisphere, summer days are considerably longer than winter days.(A) above all(B) very much(C) in a way(D) on the whole24. In the 1400's artists often created their own pigments by pulverizing semiprecious stones.(A) washing color from(B)making a powder of(C) imitating colors of(D) brushing dust from25. The genetic material DNA contains coded information for the synthesis of proteins.(A) analysis(B) formation(C) absorption(D) functioning26. Cosmologists are more concerned with the origin and evolution of the universe than with the composition of the planets and stars.(A) interaction(B) background(C) outlook(D) make-up27. Gorillas build make-shift-hit nests each night after a day of foraging for leaves and beetles.(A) erode temporary(B) wide strong(C) skillfully camouflaged(D) individually tailored28. Until about A. D. 1400 iron was invariably smelted by the direct or bloomery process.(A) cheaply(B) rapidly(C) always(D) seldom29. For centuries before the first astronomers' probings, the Sun had been viewed only as a deity and was therefore not often the subject of scientific study.(A) a satellite(B) a god(C) an illusion(D) a planet30. Most of the great mountain systems now in existence developed fairly late in geologic history.(A) equally(B) somewhat(C) decidedly(D) altogether。

托福考试常用词汇abundant—plentiful 丰富的－丰富的accelerate—increase 加速－增加accessible—reachable 可到达的－可到达的accordingly—for that reason因此－因此account for—explain说明accumulate—collect积聚－收集acute—intense急性的－剧烈的adhere—stick粘附－粘附adjunct—addition辅助－附加adorn—decorate装饰－－装饰adverse—negative相反的－负面的advocate—proponent提倡者－支持者aesthetical—artistic审美的－艺术的astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶attachment (to)—preference (for)喜爱－喜爱attain—achieve获得－获得attendant—accompanying伴随的－伴随的attire—clothing衣服－衣服attribute—characteristic特征aviation—navigation航空－航空barren—infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的bias—prejudice偏见－偏见bizarre—odd－奇异的－奇怪的boost—raise促进－提高bound—limit限制－限制break (with)—departure (from)与…相分离－与…相分离 bring about—cause导致－导致calculate—determine计划－决定carry—support支撑－支撑cast off—get rid of丢弃－抛弃cease—stop终止－停止celestial—astronomical天上的－天文的chance—unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized—distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify—categorize分类－分类coarse—rough 粗糙－粗糙cohesion—unity凝聚－结合，统一coin—create创造，杜撰－创造collectively—together共同的－一起comparably—similarly类似－同样地compile—put together收集－收集compose—create创作－创作，创造comprise—consist of 由…组成－由…组成conceal—hide 隐藏－隐藏concentrate—cluster集中－集中conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的 concomitant with—in conjunction with与…相一致－与…相一致 condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕confined—limited被限制的－限制的conflict—opposition冲突－相反conjectural—based on guessing 推测的－给予猜测的 consciously—on purpose 有意识地－有目的地conserve—retain保存－保存considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的 considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的 considerable—substantial 大量的－大量的，坚实的 consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴conspicuous—noticeable明显的－明显的 constituent—component组成部分－成分constitute—make up构成－构成consult—counsel商量－商量consumption—eating消费－吃contemporary—existing 当代的－现存的counteract—negate 抵消－取消，否定counterpart—version副本－版本crucial—essential重要的，关键的－重要的，基本的 cumbersome—burdensome麻烦的－麻烦的customary—usual习俗的－一般的dampen—moisten使潮湿－使潮湿daring—bold大胆的－大胆的deft—skilled灵巧的－熟练的deliberate—careful深思熟虑的－小心的demand—order要求－命令demonstrate—show 证明－显示dense—thick 密集的－稠密的depress—lower降低－降低depressed—saddened沮丧的－悲伤的，沮丧的derive—obtain取得，获得－获得detect—discover the presence of 发现－发现…的存在 detectable—measurable可察觉的，可测出的－可测量的 detectable—sizable可察觉的，可测出的－巨大的 devastate—ruin损坏－毁灭devote—dedicate投身－致力dictate—determine规定－确定diffuse—travel扩散－传播dirt—soil土壤－土壤disaster—catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸新托福词汇表avow v.公开承认, 公开宣称badge n.徽章, 证章 (以示身份)badger v.一再烦扰，一再要求 n.獾 (一种动物)bait v.以饵引诱 (动物); 把饵装上 n.诱饵，引诱物balk vi.1.阻碍 2.犹豫，不愿做n.选票ballotbanal a dj.陈腐的bandit n.强盗n.(善意地) 取笑, 逗弄 v.善意的与人开玩笑bantern.野蛮人barbariann.1.火力网，弹幕 2.(言语等) 猛烈轰击barragebarricadev.设栅阻挡 n.栅栏; 障碍物adj.害羞的，难为情的bashfulbask v.晒太阳，取暖baste vt.1.(烤肉时) 涂油, 把油涂在 (肉上) 2.殴打；公开责骂 batter v.打坏, 猛击 n.击球手becoming a dj.合适的, 相称的vt.1.使酒醉昏迷 2.使迷惑, 使迷糊befuddlebeget v t.引起, 产生begrudge v.1.嫉妒 2.吝啬，舍不得给; 勉强给behold v.目睹，看见vt.轻视，贬低belittleadj.交战的; 好斗的, 好战的belligerentn.行善者，捐助者benefactoradj.慈善的，仁义的benevolentbenign adj.1.(人) 亲切和蔼的 2.(病) 良性的bequeath v.遗赠, 遗留v.猛烈责骂beratebereave v.剥夺，夺去beseech v.祈求，恳求vi.口角, 斗嘴bicker固执己见的bigotedblackmail vt.勒索blasphemous a dj.亵渎神明的, 不敬神的blemish n.缺点, 污点 v.玷污adj.喧闹的，欢闹的boisterousbombastic adj.夸大的，言过其实的bondage n.奴役; 束缚brace n.支柱；撑子 vt.支撑, 撑牢, 振作amass v t.收集, 积聚anarchy n.无政府, 混乱adj.辅助的ancillaryanguish n.极度的痛苦, 苦闷annals n.编年史v.注解, 注释annotateannul v.废除, 取消anomalous adj.反常的, 不规则的v.提早日期antedateapathy n.冷漠, 无兴趣n.开口, 孔apertureaphorism n.警句, 格言vt.使惊骇, 使恐怖apothappallappease vt.使平静; 满足adj.适当的, 恰切的appositeappraise v.估计, 评价apprehend v.1.逮捕 2.领会, 理解 3.忧虑, 畏惧apprehension n.1.担心, 害怕 2.理解apprehensive adj.恐惧的, 忧虑的, 担心的悲惨的wretched adj.wring vt.绞，拧，扭yarn n.纱，纱线yelp v.狗吠yield v.1.生产；产生 2.放弃；投降 n.产量；收益yolk n.蛋黄zeal n.热心, 热情, 热忱n.顶点, 顶峰zenithabash vt.使羞愧abate v.(数量、程度等) 减少; 减轻, 缓解v.1.让位, 辞职 2.放弃 (权利或责任)abdicateabduct v.绑架, 拐走abet vt.帮助; 教唆abridge 缩短, 删节absolve v.1.(宗教上的) 宽恕 2.赦免 (罪行、过失等) ; 解除 (责任等) abstain v.自制; 自动放弃, 戒绝adj.难懂的, 深奥的abstruseabyss n.深渊, 深坑v.突出, 强调accentuateaccomplice n.同谋者, 帮凶accostv.向人搭话adj.想获得的; 贪得无厌的acquisitivev.宣告无罪acquitadage n.格言, 谚语adamant adj.固执的, 坚定不移的adjourn v.延期adore v.1.崇拜, 崇敬 2.极喜爱adj.熟练的, 灵巧的adroitv.充气, 让空气进入; (水, 饮料等) 加气 aerateaffable adj.易接近的, 和蔼可亲的aghast adj.惊骇的, 吓呆的v.1.鼓吹, 煽动 2.使激动, 使恼怒 agitatev.宣称, 主张, 断言allegev.缓和, 减轻alleviatev.间接提到, 暗指alludeallure v.引诱 n.诱惑, 吸引n.利他主义altruismadj.利他的, 无私心的altruisticalumnus n.男校友amalgamate v.混合, 合并n.附近，接近vicinityvie v.竞争vigilancen.警戒，警惕vine n.葡萄藤, 蔓adj.病毒的viraln.粘度，粘性viscosityn.景色vistaadj.大声叫的, 喊叫vociferousvoid n.空间, 空旷 adj.无效的adj.挥发性的volatilevoracious adj.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的vow v.宣誓, 发誓wade v.涉水, 费力行走wagon n.四轮马车waive v.放弃;免除walnut n.胡桃，核桃树wane v.减少, 衰落wanton a dj.肆意的ward off 防止，挡住warily adv.留心地, 小心地, 警惕地wary adj.小心翼翼的, 机警小心的wax n.蜡weary a dj.疲倦的;令人厌烦的weatheringn.风化wedge-shaped a dj.楔形的weed n.杂草weep vi.哭泣whet v.激起whim n.随意, 冲动whisk off 突然带走whit n.一点儿，少量v.切，削whittlewholesale adj.1.批发的 2.大规模的wield v t.支配，控制; 使用 (武器，工具等); 运用 (权力) , 施加 (影响) wind up 结束, 终止wipe out 毁灭，破坏wither v.(使) 枯萎，凋谢worship v.崇拜, 尊敬wrangle n.口角, 吵嘴wrath n.愤怒总结在飞机场常见的托福词汇1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开 ( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上说明17、Introductions18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行安全第一25、Safety First加油站26、Filling Station27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递此处插入38、Insert Here39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯校内禁止骑车46、No Cycling in the School47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴恕不出售55、Not for Sale56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处避光保存62、Keep in Dark Place63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮谨防扒手65、Beware of Pickpocket66、Complaint Box 意见箱灭火专用67、For Use Only in Case of Fire68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓禁止打猎73、Shooting Prohibited74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety爱护公共财物：Booking Office)售票处76、Ticket Office(or来宾登记77、Visitors Please Register78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所女厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room81、Occupied (厕所)有人82、Vacant (厕所)无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场自行车存车处88、Bike Park(ing)妇女、儿童优先89、Children and Women First90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind当心不要丢失东西用毕放回架上99、Please Return the Back After Use100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处托福词汇：房地产英语词汇overproduction 生产过剩glut 供过于求high-technology 高科技investment strategy 投资策略circulation 发行量entrepreneur 倡导者，企业家coliseum 大体育场，大剧院chambers（商业资本家联合组织的）会所arena 室内运动场socioeconomic status 社会经济地位amenities 便利设施condominium 个人占有公寓房，一套公寓房的个人所有权income bracket 收入档次tenement 分租合住的经济公寓area code （电话）地区代码community 社区assessment 估价housing residences 住宅purchasing power 购买力property trust 物业信托equity 资产净值cash flows 现金流量appreciation 增值disposition 处置hedge 保值措施income tax shelter 收入税的庇护downturn （经济）衰退wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产（同其他投资相比） forecast 预测rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法mortgage lender 抵押放贷者vacancy 空房discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型 expectation 期望值letting 出租equity reversion 权益回收bad debts 坏帐depreciation allowances 折旧提成supplies 日常用品utilities 公共事业设备allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额stamp duty 印花税recession 衰退public utilities 公共设施urban planning 城市规划state-owned land 国有土地fiscal allotment 财政拨款grant or transfer 出让或转让the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局 infrastructure 基础设施financial budget 财政预算public bidding 公开招标auction 拍卖negotiation /agreement 协议land efficiency 土地效益location classification 地段等级projecting parameter 规划参数government assignment 政府划拨administrative institution 行政事业单位key zones for development 重点开发区tract 大片土地biding document 标书competent authorities 主管部门construction project 建设项目planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证go through the formalities 办手续comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区reconstruction of old area 旧区改造property 资产property right 产权subsidiary 附属机构，子公司valuation 评估open market value 公开市场价值leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的财产）on a residual basis 剩余法capital value 资本价值cost of development 开发费professional fee 专业费用finance costs 融资成本sale proceeds 销售收益floor area 建筑面积plaza 购物中心land use certificate 土地使用证commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼land use fee 土地使用费（获得土地使用权后，每年支付国家的使用土地费用） Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同land use term 土地使用期project approval 项目许可planning approval 规划许可commission 佣金permit 许可证business license 营业执照strata-title 分层所有权新托福考试前必背词汇汇总enroll to one = combinecomplement = supplement = add tosubstitute = replaceso far = until present = up to nowrooted in = based onmake their way = travelvulnerable--open to break-open to attack -- weak --susceptibleperishable 容易腐烂的= easy to spoilSeething 沸腾的 --- overflowing/excited/activefloat = stay on the topbe consistent with = be compatible with名词意为"特征，属性") property 财产，特征 = characteristic = attribute (simulated ---- artificialsort --- type -- kindstaggering摇晃的; 犹豫的; 压倒的(多数) =overwhelmingstring线, 绳子; 一行, 一系列 =seriesswell -- enlargement --- expandtract- area - terrainsymmetric 对称的，均衡的 --- balance收缩taper 逐渐变小 --- diminish ---tenet --- principle/beliefturn = changevast - immense - extensivewith the ordinary citizen’s pocketbook = affordableadvent = arrivalaffair = matterchronic --- constant - confirmed慢性的；证实的consequence = result/importancecounter = oppose补偿，抵消; 对抗 = compensate/opposecountervaildistinction = differentiation/excellence/honordistribution = dispersion = dispersalembed = implanteuphoric = extremely happyflake = fragmenthinder 阻碍，打扰= interfere withladings 船货= cargos shipmentmandatory = required, obligatorymundane 世俗的，平凡的= ordinaryprerequisite = something required (something needed to happen) rather = instead在tain相反地/ in some degreesank (sink的过去式)= descended; dropped to the bottomscant = minimumsited = locatedsophisticated = refined /elaborated /complexubiquitous 到处存在的 = commonunanimity = total agreementspectator = viewersporadic = intermittent /irregularstylus 铁笔，针状物 = penunconceivable = unimaginableuniformly = evenly/ without variation/consistently unique = sole/ distinctwarranted = authorized授权的/justified假设assume=take on 呈现/ suppose, positfoster=promote ，encouragePlumage羽毛=featherComposition作文，成分，混合物＝mixture＝comparativelyrelativelysubstitute=replacementpremise= assumptionwithin= insidehave nothing to do = in no relation tovigorous= strongscope=extent异常的，例外的 extraordinary非凡的，特别的= exceptionaluneasy心神不安的，不稳定的=unstablebulk大小，体积，大多数=majorspeed 加速 ＝ increase the rate of散布，分布spread=distribute进取心，干事业endeavor 努力= enterpriseproximity 接近= nearness转动，旋转rotate=turnassertion主张，断言 = strongly statementevidence = proofpreeminent卓越的 =foremost 最重要的barrier障碍物=obstacleprimitive = earlysort = typerudiment=basicintact未被碰过的=unaffectedprize珍视 = value有利可图的= profitablelucrativeineffectively=with out any resultmisleading =inaccuracy结构，建筑物architecture =structureaccomplished完成的，熟练的=skilled,embedded内含的，嵌入的=enclosed 被附上的 collaboration协作=joint effectsidentical=the sameallow=enabledispersal 分散，散布= distributionhampering妨碍，牵制 = restrictingcherished珍爱的=valuableprecision = accuracybroadly = extensivelyyearly = annualtracking = followingtolerant = endurerather than = instead oftransformation = conversionsample=examplecrawl爬行=movehobby业余爱好 = pastime 消遣，娱乐inherent in = characteristic ofrecharge再充电=refill再装满devise设计，发明=create证明--confirm,attest toreplicas复制品--copies,extant 现存的=not extinctbe closer resemblance to=. be more like indicate =demonstratethrive=flourishfluctuating=changingmirror反映=reflectprocure获得=obtainparadoxically=seemingly contradictory counsel劝告，忠告=advice.mock嘲弄，模仿 = pretendspectacular引人入胜的 = impressive 印象深刻的 最新托福考试听力必备词汇正大光明的fair and squarea knockout 引人注目不如意的日子a rainy day与某人一样时髦as mod as sb.了如指掌at one's finger's tips混乱的at sixes and sevensbackseat driver指手划脚的人大发脾气bite one's head offblack sheep 不孝子女使蓬勃发展get the ball rolling先说重要的first things first沉默寡言的人a man of few wordsall thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的坐立不安ants in one's pants (skirt)尽释前嫌；握手言和forgive and forgetbackroom boys 幕后英雄beyond compare 绝佳的，最棒的break even 不赔不赚by the book 照章办事非常清楚as clear as a bell消除误会clear the aircome to terms 达成协议走捷径cut corners行为规范do's and don't's面对现实face the music空中楼阁castles in the sky / air泼冷水，是蒙上阴影cast a cloud over假装哭泣，假慈悲shed crocodile tears不够水平，不合格below the mark = not measure upbucket down = rain very heavily瓢泼大雨学会这100句，混过美国人1. How are you doing?(你好吗？)2. I’m doing great.(我过得很好。

1.agree on 商定，决定，达成共识The two parties agreed on the date of the meeting. 双方就开会的日期达成了一致2.ask ... for 询问、向…要He asked me for a cup of water. 他向我要杯水3.be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎The book is popular with students of English. 这本书很受英语专业学生的欢迎4.be rich in 在…充足充裕It is rich in sugar and fat .5.begin ... with 从…开始Begin the party with a dance. 以舞蹈开始晚会6.break away from 脱离…the south to break away from the Union南部各州从联邦中脱离7.break out 突然发生、爆发SARS broke out in 2003.8.break the rule 违反规定Everyone obeys the rules; anyone who breaks the rules is punished.(违反规定的人将受到惩罚)9.bring down １. 降低Can you try to get them to bring down the price ?10.bring in 引进、引来、吸收They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.引进自己的语言11.bring up 教育、培养Chaplin was brought up by his mother.12.blow away 刮走、吹走Strong winds can also blow away the valuable soil吹走有价值的土壤.13.blow over 风吹翻、刮翻Three famous parks in and around London had over trees blown over.14.blow down 风吹倒Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds.15.cut off 切断The electricity was cut off for several days too.16.call at （a place）访问某地He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr King was better.17.call on sb. 拜访、访问So I called on you and asked if I could lend me a hand.18.call back 回电话Can you ask him to call me back ?19.call for 要求、号召People are calling for freedom.20.call in 招集、招来(警察、军队等)The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.21.catch fire 着火Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.22.care for 喜欢、想要I care for reading magazines.23.be carried away by 被…迷住He was carried away by her songs.24.carry off 夺走The tiger carried off the rabbit in its mouth.25.carry out 开展、执行、实现carry out experiments26.change .. into 把…变成，转换成Change these sentences from Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. 把句子由直接引语转换成间接引语27.clear away 把…清除掉She is clearing away the leaves on the ground.e about 发生、产生How did these differences come about ?e across 偶然遇到A man was walking through a wood and he came across a hunter.e off 从…离开，脱落My raincoat got caught in the door and the button came offe out 出发、出版、发行How did the printing come out ?e to 共计、达到The total money collected had come to over million dollars. 筹集的钱已经超过了100万e true 变为现实，实现I’ve always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true.e up 抬头、上来、上升He soon comes up for breath. 他不久就从水中上来喘气了pare to 把…比喻成The baby is compared to a bear.pare ... with 把…与…进行比较Sometimes it is necessary to compare English with Chinese.37.connect to 连接、相连The room is connected to the rest of the house by a long passage.走廊38.connect with 与…相连How is one telephone connected with another today ?39.consider ... as 把某人看作Today, Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest of all American presidents.40.consider doing ... 考虑做某事Have you considered having a walk after supper ?41.cut off 切断Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.42.cut through 剪断、凿穿The army was called in to cut through the mountain to build a road through it.43.deal with 处理、对付Here is some advice for dealing with the problems.44.depend on 依靠、相信、信赖you can depend on us, sir.45.die of 死于…Tens of thousands of people died of hunger.46.die out 消失、灭亡However , many of these are dying out.47.divide... into... 把…分成…Ireland is divided into two countries.48.do a good deed 做件好事She was determined to do a good deed.49.do one’s best 尽某人的最大努力The farmers do their best to supply the market with enough vegetables.50.do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙Do me the favor to turn on the light.51.do well 做的好He’s doing well in the school52.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪His family had done much wrong .53.dream of 向往、渴望、梦想I’ve always dreamt of coming to China.54.drop in 顺便走访某人I’ll drop in and leave the new address.55.eat up 吃光、吃完I ate up all the food I could find in the fridge.56.earn one’s living 谋生Many people earn their living by writing music.57.end up 结束、告终It is probable that one day we will end up with death58.fall off 跌落、下降The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall.59.fall in love with 爱上…Two men fell in love with painting.60.fall over 跌倒、倒下The old man fell over and lay still.61.get along with 与…相处All the other students get along very well with each other.62.get back 回来、返回See you when I get back.63.get close to 接近There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.64.get in touch with 与…联系They promised to get in touch again with each other.65.get off 脱下Please get your coat off.66.get married 结婚The person getting married is a relative of my mother.67.get through 通过、拨通电话I can’t get through. The line’s busy.68.get together 聚会、联欢We must get together some other time for a chat.69.get into the habit of 染上…的习惯Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.70.give advice 提建议Give advice to your friend.71.give back归还、退还I would like you to change this blouse , or else give me my money back.72.give in 屈服、让步King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.73.give up 放弃One habit is smoking. He can’t give it up.74.go away 走开、离开、逃跑Did you stay at home or did you go away ?75.go ahead 用吧、请便吧I wonder if I could use your phone. ---- Sure. Go ahead.76.go bad 食物变坏、坏掉The potatoes went bad in the soil.77.go off 离开When are you going off to Guangzhou ?78.go on doing sth. 继续干某事Sometimes we go on working after dark.79.go on with 继续With the pay that he received, he went on with his studies at university.80.go up 上涨、上升I believe prices might go up next week.81.grow up 生长Do they grow up by themselves ?82.hand in 交上来、递交The report Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.83hand out 分发It seems necessary to hand out the listening text to the students.84.have a good trip 一路顺风Of course. Good luck. Have a good trip.85have a talk with 与…谈话Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English.86.have a seat 坐下Come in and have a seat.87.have a test 参加测验I had a test last week and got a full mark.88.have a word with 和…说句话Please , could I have a word with her ?90.have difficulty in doing sth. 做…有困难麻烦Others may have difficulty in moving.91.have ... on 戴着、穿着Having a black hat on, he carried a stick.92.have sports 进行体育活动Do you often have sports at school?93.hear about 听说Well , what else did you hear about at the meeting ?94.help ... out 帮助某人解决困难You remember my friend who helped me out?95.hold one’s breath 屏息、不出声Mrs. Cousins held her breath , and her whole body went cold.96.hold up 阻挡、把住If it is possible , hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.97.insist on 坚持、坚持认为I insist on telling him how great you were.98.join in 参加、加入I joined in the singing contest.99.join up 联合起来、联接起来Northern and Southern states joined up again as one country.100.keep a record 作记录It also keeps a record of the date on which they will travel.101.keep back 留下Finally, he did not give her the right change , but kept back five pounds.102.keep fit 保持健康So people will be advised to keep fit in many ways.103.keep in ouch with 与…保持联系Although many families became separated, people still kept in touch with each other.104.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.y the table 摆设餐具准备吃饭What’s wrong with these eggs? ----Don’t ask me, sir, I only laid the table.106.lead a simple life 过着简朴的生Today, life has improved for the population, although many farmers in the west continue to lead a simple life.107.lead to 导致、导向He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.108.learn ... by heart 记住、背诵They used to learn hundreds of songs by heart.109.let ... in 让…进来、放进I spoke to her and persuaded her to let me in110.live on 以…为主食、以…为生They lived mainly on potatoes.111.look down upon 看不起、轻视The boss looked down upon women.112.look forward to 盼望I look forward to receiving your reply.113.look out 留神、当心Look out ! The pan’s on fire.114.look round = look around仔细查看A person was looking round in the house to look for his watch.115.lose heart 失去信心、灰心He did not lose heart.116.lose one’s life 死、牺牲Over a hundred people lost their lives in the fire.117.lose weight 减肥、降体重I advise you to lose some weight.118.make a good effort 作很大的努力He made a good effort.119.make a record 录制唱片He’s made lots of records.120.make a plan for 为…作计划Now it is much easier to make plans for your trips.121.make fun of 取笑某人Political leaders were not well thought of and those songs often made fun of them.122.make progress 取得进步Are you making good progress?123.make up 编出Make up a dialogue , using the following as a guide.124.make up one’s mind 下决心I haven’t made up my mind yet.125.make sure 查明、确信We must make sure that they can enter the building.126.make use of 利用127.pay ... a visit 访问…I think it will be necessary for me to pay you a visit and see where you live.128.pay attention to 注意、留心you should pay attention to the children wherever they are playing.129.pay back 偿还借款等Well , after all these years we’ve at last paid back all the money.130.pick out 挑出Pick out the wrong sentences and correct them.131.pick up 接收It is necessary to use a short - wave radio to pick up the programs.132.拾起、捡起They can’t pick up the small pieces with their fingers.133.play a part in 在…方面起作用Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people’s lives.134.point out 指出He pointed out that it was important to study English well.135.point to 指向Pointing to the young plant, he asked me if that was the plant we had seen.136.prevent .. from 妨碍、防止That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking .137.push over 推倒、刮倒For these reasons , the strong winds push over the trees very ea y.138.put down 记下Put down the gentleman’s address.139.put ... in prison 把…投进监狱put some of them in prison140.put on performances 演出Put on performances.141.put on weight 发福、增加体重Because of this , they put on weight very ea y.142.put out 扑灭、关熄Office workers tried to put out the fire.143.put up 贴广告等Please write a notice for the students and put it up.144.refer to 谈到、提到、涉及、有关What do you refer to ?145.refer to ... as 把…叫着…Once people would often be referred to as “deaf”or “blind”146.ring back 回电话Can you ask her to ring me back , please ?147.ring off 挂断电话、停止讲话148.run out of 用完The question is that we shall run out of food soon149.see ... off 为…送行Is anybody seeing you off ?150.send out 发射、派遣What a lot of invitations to send out!151.set an example 树立榜样By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.152.set ... free 释放某人In the end all prisoners were set free.153.set off 动身、起程He set off for the USA.154.set up 建立、创立They will set up a new training centre.155.show ... out 领…出去One moment ----- let me show you out, sir.156.shout at 对…大声叫嚷I went on shouting at him while everyone else was looking at him. 157.lose one’s sight 丧失视力Many of the injured lost their sight .158.speed up 加快速度If you want to speed up your work , you should use a computer. 159.spend ... doing sth. 做…花We spent the weekend resting after our journey160.spend ... on 在…花费钱They will spend almost million yuan on the project.161.stand for 代表、向征The letters “UK”stand for “The United Kingdom162.stay up 熬夜Last night, she stayed up.163.stick to 坚持But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research. 164.suffer from 遭受The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger. 165.take it easy 放心好了、别着急Take it easy ! I’ve just called the First Aid Centre.166.take part in 参加Every four years athletes all over the world take part in the Olympic Game.167.take place 发生The dialogue takes place at a tailor’s shop.168.take up 占去、占领I think we should get this one , although it will take up more space in the room.169.take the place of 代替、取代Millions of young trees have already been planted to take the place of those which were blown over.170.tell lies 说谎Recently I’ve discovered that he’s started to tell lies.171.throw away 扔掉After you printed the book , you had to throw away the carved pieces of wood.172.throw at 向…扔去She looked around the kitchen for something to throw at the lion.173.throw up 吐出、呕吐Make the person throw up.174.translate... into ... 把…译成…He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language.175.turn down 关小、调低Let me turn the music down.176.turn ... into ... 把…变成…If we cut down forests, we’ll turn the land into a desert.177.turn off 关掉水、电、收音机Before you leave the lab, make sure the electricity is turned off在您离开实验室之前，确定电被关闭。