人教版选修七UNIT 4-Grammar
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人教版高中英语选修7 Unit4_Grammar名师教学设计
思维目标：
培养学生用定语从句去组织英语表达的能力。想说“…的”时，除了可以用形容词外，还可以使用定语从句的修饰方法，如：一个很努力的学生，aquite hard-working student,或a student who works very hard。很多“…的”不是一个形容词能描述的，就要第一想到使用定语从句的修饰方法，如“封面是蓝色的书”the book whose cover is blue，“我生活和学习了三年的学校”a school where I studied and lived forthree years。
S: Students follow the teacher’s instructions with due attention to what their teacher asks.
2. Teacher leads students to complete some sentences
T: Thank you for your observation. What do you think of these clauses?
教
学
重
难
点
教学重点：
1)教师根据学生的找到的语法难点进行有针对的说明、讲解或操练。
2)帮助学生归纳总结定语从句各关系代词和关系副词的用法，特别是that的用法，介词+whom/which的用法。
教学难点：
1)学生通过课前练习，检查并发现自己未能掌握的语法点，进行有针对的提问。
2）在英语表达中，学生能正确使用定语从句。
2.通过学生课前题单上学生的问题，有针对性地先讲解学生的“盲点”。
3.通过一系列课堂练习，再次帮助学生归纳定语从句的关系代词、关系副词及其在从句中的用法。
培养学生用定语从句去组织英语表达的能力。想说“…的”时，除了可以用形容词外，还可以使用定语从句的修饰方法，如：一个很努力的学生，aquite hard-working student,或a student who works very hard。很多“…的”不是一个形容词能描述的，就要第一想到使用定语从句的修饰方法，如“封面是蓝色的书”the book whose cover is blue，“我生活和学习了三年的学校”a school where I studied and lived forthree years。
S: Students follow the teacher’s instructions with due attention to what their teacher asks.
2. Teacher leads students to complete some sentences
T: Thank you for your observation. What do you think of these clauses?
教
学
重
难
点
教学重点：
1)教师根据学生的找到的语法难点进行有针对的说明、讲解或操练。
2)帮助学生归纳总结定语从句各关系代词和关系副词的用法，特别是that的用法，介词+whom/which的用法。
教学难点：
1)学生通过课前练习，检查并发现自己未能掌握的语法点，进行有针对的提问。
2）在英语表达中，学生能正确使用定语从句。
2.通过学生课前题单上学生的问题，有针对性地先讲解学生的“盲点”。
3.通过一系列课堂练习，再次帮助学生归纳定语从句的关系代词、关系副词及其在从句中的用法。
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar 共32张
Was it something II ddiidd??
Was it something you said?
Don't leave me hanging in a city so dead
Held up so high On such a breakable thread
You were all the things I thIotuhgohutgIhktnIewknew And I thought we could be. You were everything, everything that IthwaatnItewd anted
but we lost it All of the memories, so close to me, just fade away All this time you were pretending So much for my happy ending oh oh, oh oh, so much for my happy ending
? The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.
? Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two
days, is absent from school today.
4) 表示“正如”的含义时 ,通常用 as引导非限制 性定语从句 ,也可用 which 引导 ;但置于句首时 , 只as能用___引导。常见结a构s 有is w：ell known a_s_w__e_k_n_o_w_,_a_s__w_e__ca, n see, as we expect
Was it something you said?
Don't leave me hanging in a city so dead
Held up so high On such a breakable thread
You were all the things I thIotuhgohutgIhktnIewknew And I thought we could be. You were everything, everything that IthwaatnItewd anted
but we lost it All of the memories, so close to me, just fade away All this time you were pretending So much for my happy ending oh oh, oh oh, so much for my happy ending
? The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.
? Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two
days, is absent from school today.
4) 表示“正如”的含义时 ,通常用 as引导非限制 性定语从句 ,也可用 which 引导 ;但置于句首时 , 只as能用___引导。常见结a构s 有is w：ell known a_s_w__e_k_n_o_w_,_a_s__w_e__ca, n see, as we expect
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar (共39张PPT)
The reason why I didn't call you is I don't know your number
合并句子
Feng Xiaogang is a famous director. His films are very popular.
Feng Xiaogang is a famous director whose films are very popular.
Revision of Attributive Clause
The man who was elected as the president of France is only 39 years old.
The actor whose eyes are big has many fans.
He is the first Chinese that traveled in a spaceship.
④ I went to the place ___w_h_i_ch_/_t_h_at_/_//_ I visited ten years ago.
⑤ This is the reason _____w__h_y___he was late. ⑥ This is the reason __w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t/_//__he gave.
Yang Yang
巩固新知
Pick out one number and finish the task in it
Game Time
填空
• The school _w_h_e_r_e___ we are studying is the only artistic feature(艺术特色) school in Kazuo.
合并句子
Feng Xiaogang is a famous director. His films are very popular.
Feng Xiaogang is a famous director whose films are very popular.
Revision of Attributive Clause
The man who was elected as the president of France is only 39 years old.
The actor whose eyes are big has many fans.
He is the first Chinese that traveled in a spaceship.
④ I went to the place ___w_h_i_ch_/_t_h_at_/_//_ I visited ten years ago.
⑤ This is the reason _____w__h_y___he was late. ⑥ This is the reason __w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t/_//__he gave.
Yang Yang
巩固新知
Pick out one number and finish the task in it
Game Time
填空
• The school _w_h_e_r_e___ we are studying is the only artistic feature(艺术特色) school in Kazuo.
人教英语选修7Unit4GrammarPPT课件53
Is a baby being kissed (by a dog)?
A dog isn’t kissing A baby isn’t being
a baby.
kissed (by a dog).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
时态
主动语态
被动语态
现在完成 The man has eaten Seven bananas
时 have/has +been +pp.
seven bananas.
Has the man eaten seven bananas ?
have been eaten (by the man). Have seven bananas eaten (by the man)?
Will a meeting be held (by her)?
She won’t hold a A meeting won’t
meeting.
be held (by her).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
the tiger.ki来自led (by WuSong).
Did Wu Song kill Was the tiger
the tiger?
killed (by Wu
Song)?
Wu Song didn’t kill the tiger.
The tiger wasn’t killed (by Wu Song).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
A dog isn’t kissing A baby isn’t being
a baby.
kissed (by a dog).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
时态
主动语态
被动语态
现在完成 The man has eaten Seven bananas
时 have/has +been +pp.
seven bananas.
Has the man eaten seven bananas ?
have been eaten (by the man). Have seven bananas eaten (by the man)?
Will a meeting be held (by her)?
She won’t hold a A meeting won’t
meeting.
be held (by her).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
the tiger.ki来自led (by WuSong).
Did Wu Song kill Was the tiger
the tiger?
killed (by Wu
Song)?
Wu Song didn’t kill the tiger.
The tiger wasn’t killed (by Wu Song).
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4Gram marPPT 课件53
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar(共22张PPT)
句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个 句子的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose,
引导词
as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）
关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。
She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
Task: Practice
Please make sentences with the pictures and the given key words, using the Attributive Clauses.
The man __w__ho__r_a_n_f_a_st_e_s_t___ is Liuxiang.
He was a great Chinese navigator（航 海家） who/ that made seven voyages to the Indian Ocean.
Helpful hints 1. He was a Chinese basketball player. 2. He was in the Rockets in NBA.
Discussion:Find the rules in common
1.Mr Kim is a English teacher whom/who the
students respect very much.
2.He was a great Chinese navigator who/ that made seven voyages to the Indian Ocean.
Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose,
引导词
as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）
关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。
She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
Task: Practice
Please make sentences with the pictures and the given key words, using the Attributive Clauses.
The man __w__ho__r_a_n_f_a_st_e_s_t___ is Liuxiang.
He was a great Chinese navigator（航 海家） who/ that made seven voyages to the Indian Ocean.
Helpful hints 1. He was a Chinese basketball player. 2. He was in the Rockets in NBA.
Discussion:Find the rules in common
1.Mr Kim is a English teacher whom/who the
students respect very much.
2.He was a great Chinese navigator who/ that made seven voyages to the Indian Ocean.
Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
人教版高中英语选修七讲义Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——限制性定语从句
Section ⅢGrammar——限制性定语从句语境自主领悟先观察原句1.I know you're dying to hear all about my life here，so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2.The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4.The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups anda couple of jars.后自主感悟1.所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语从句。
2.例句1中黑体部分包括两个定语从句：which引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词some photos，在从句中作主语；I talk about是省略了关系代词that/which(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词the places。
3.例句2中黑体部分为who引导的定语从句修饰表人的先行词The boys，who 在从句中作主语。
4.例句3中黑体部分为from where引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词a ridge。
5.例句4中黑体部分为省略了关系代词that(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词The only possessions。
人教版高中英语选修七m7u4grammar
A. what B. which C. that D. where
3. When you read the book you’d better make a mark in the place you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where
C. the place where D. where
_o_n__ which
注意区别： I will never forget the day _(_w_h__ic_h__/ _th_a_t_) I spent with you last year.
I don’t know the reason why he left here.
= for which
what 不能用于定语从句中
Tell me what you know.
tell sb. sth,
3. 在介词＋ whom/ which结构中，介词的选择 I will never forget the day _o_n__ which I reached the Great Wall. Tell me the time __a_t__ which the train leaves.
countries are making progress.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
区别： a. which 只能放在句末， 而as 从句则还可以放在句首或句中。
b. 从意义上讲，which 意为“这一点’, 而as 却可表示” 正如那样 有些as从句已成了固定句型, 如：
as we all know, as is known to all, as you say, as I can see, as is reported, as you may have heard ……
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar(共22张PPT)
2) The boy who broke the window is called
Michael.（主语）
3) Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. （宾语）
4) Mr. Green is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）
Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
Helpful hints
1. He is an English teachers. 2. Students respect him very
muMch. r Kim
Mr Kim is a English teacher whom/who the students respect very much.
3.He is a Chinese basketball player who/that is in the Rockets in NBA.
4.Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰
2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）
3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)
1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）
Grammar
The Attributive Clause
Michael.（主语）
3) Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. （宾语）
4) Mr. Green is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）
Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
Helpful hints
1. He is an English teachers. 2. Students respect him very
muMch. r Kim
Mr Kim is a English teacher whom/who the students respect very much.
3.He is a Chinese basketball player who/that is in the Rockets in NBA.
4.Australia is a country which/that covers an entire continent.
定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰
2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）
3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)
1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）
Grammar
The Attributive Clause
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar (共37张PPT)
is the Yellow River.
8. The tower __fr_o_m___w_h_i_c_h__ people can have a good view
is on the hill.
9. The man ___t_o_w__h_o_m___ I spoke on the phone last night
The room in which there is a
machine is a workshop. 有机器的房间是车间。
注意！
1) whom，whose，which 作介词宾语
时, 介词一般可放在它们之前, 也
可放在从句原来的位置上, 在含有
介词的动词固定词组中, 介词只能
放在原来的位置上。
练习: 介词+关系代词的使用
4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the last修 饰时。
He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。 5) 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校 的人和事。
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1. 由 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从
句这类定语从句中 who 用作主语, whom 作宾语, whose 作定语指人。 This is the man who helped me. 这位是帮过我的那个人。
The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。 Do you know the man whose name is Yao Ming? 你认识那个叫姚明的人吗？
8. The tower __fr_o_m___w_h_i_c_h__ people can have a good view
is on the hill.
9. The man ___t_o_w__h_o_m___ I spoke on the phone last night
The room in which there is a
machine is a workshop. 有机器的房间是车间。
注意！
1) whom，whose，which 作介词宾语
时, 介词一般可放在它们之前, 也
可放在从句原来的位置上, 在含有
介词的动词固定词组中, 介词只能
放在原来的位置上。
练习: 介词+关系代词的使用
4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the last修 饰时。
He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。 5) 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校 的人和事。
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1. 由 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从
句这类定语从句中 who 用作主语, whom 作宾语, whose 作定语指人。 This is the man who helped me. 这位是帮过我的那个人。
The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。 Do you know the man whose name is Yao Ming? 你认识那个叫姚明的人吗？
人教英语选修7Unit4Grammar (共33张PPT)_2
13 the other day 不久前的一天
不久前的一天我碰到我以前的英语老 师，这让我想起了以前的快乐时光。 I came across my former English teacher the other day, which reminded me of those happy moments.
1. make a group list of 列__一__个__…__…___的__小__组__表
2. 没有报酬的义工
u__n_p_a_i_d__v_o_l_u_n_t_e_e_r_s
3. 航空包裹
a__n_a_i_r_m__a_i_l _p_a_c_k__e_t
4. on the survey form below 在___下__面__的__调___查__表__里_
8 click
v. (使) 发出咔嗒声; n. 咔嗒声
你可以点击这里下载文件。 You can click here to download the file.
你可以清晰听到隔壁那咔嗒声。 You can hear the clicks next door clearly.
9 distribute vt. 分配；分发
1 relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
这篇文章毫不切题。 The article isn’t relevant to the topic at all.
你可以给我提供更多的相关信息吗？ Could you provide me with more relevant information？
2 adjust v. 调整；(使)适合
他无法适应这个新环境。 He couldn’t adjust himself to the new environment.
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非限制性定语从句中
3.What's that which was put in the car? 先行词为that/those 时 4.He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. which 用作定语时 5.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
relative pronouns
who, whom, whose人
关 系 代
which, whose 物 that 人或物
关系词 词 as 人或物
Relative words 关 系
副 词
when 时间 where 地点 why 原因
Relative adverbs
Relative words who
Function of the relative word 1. Introduce an attributive clause (引导定语从句) 2. Replace the antecedent (代替先行词) 3. Used as a grammatical element (在定语从句中担当一个成分)
• 2. I've included some photos that will help you picture the places I talk about. • 3. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of
=of which the cover
5. Views that are entirely new may be hard to accept. that=which (thing, subject)
6. These old pictures bring to their mind the happy days which they spent together.
whom whose which
that as when where why
Antecedent
person person person/thing thing person/thing person/thing noun referring to the time noun referring to the place noun referrinng to the reason
两个定语从句，其中前一句关系代词用that,后一句在指物时用which.
Situation 3- who和that用法的区别--只用who的情况
1. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 2. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 3. The ones who flatter me don't please me.
• 7. Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
• 8.There is a table in the corner that was bought yesterday.
在There be 结构中,修饰主语为物的定语从句时
• The constitution of complex sentence:
one main clause(主句）+ one or more than one subordinate clause（从句）
Classification
1.Noun clause 2.adverbial clause 3 .Adjectival clause=Attributive clause=Relative clause定语从句/关系从句
2. He is the man whom I saw yesterday. whom=who=that (person, object) 或省略 3. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
=the children of whom whose(person)+ Noun.=the noun of whom
B7U4-Grammar
Revise the Restrictive Attributive Clause-1
Task for this period
1.Review the fundamentals about Attributive clause, especially the Restrictive Attributive Clause.
• 2.The only thing that we can do is give you some money.
先行词被all, any, each, few, every, the only, no, some, little, much等修饰时
• 3. This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
one of the boys, Tombe. 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. • 5. Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school. • 6. This is the house where he lived last year.
=of whom the children
=of whom the noun
4. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. whose(thing)+ Noun.=the noun of Nhomakorabeawhich
=the cover of which
=of which the noun
先行词被序数词或
• 4. It is the first American movie that I've ever seen.
形容词最高级修饰时
• 5. He hasn't sent us the workers and equipment that we need. 先行词既有人又有物时
• 6. Which is the coat that you like best? 当主句是以which或who 开头的特殊疑问句时
Situation 5-separated attributive clause(间隔式定语从句)
• 1. The time came at last when we went to participate in our graduation. • 2. The war broke out which lasted 20 years in all. • 3.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host
Situation 1- that和which用法的区别--只用that 的情况
• 1.You should hand in all that belongs to you
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时
2. Pay much attention to some minute differences in Attributive Clause. 3. Do some exercises to put what' s reviewed into practice.
Lead-in
Structurally, the sentence can be classified into: 1) simple sentence 2) compound sentence 3) complex sentence (复合句)
Grammatical element
Subject, Object, predicative Object
Attribute Subject, Object Subject, Object, Predicative Subject, Object Adverbial of time Adverbial of place Adverbial of cause
Situation 2- that和which用法的区别--只用which的情况
1.There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词且指物作宾语（介词提前）
2.Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
7. This is the same book as was bought yesterday.
which=that (thing, subject) 或省略
the same...as; as...as; such...as; so...as (person/thing, subject/object)
• 1. This is the same book as was bought yesterday. • 2. There is so warm a house as we want to live in. • 3. Such women as know Peter thought he was charming. • 4. I'd like to have such a dictionary as he has.
3.What's that which was put in the car? 先行词为that/those 时 4.He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. which 用作定语时 5.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
relative pronouns
who, whom, whose人
关 系 代
which, whose 物 that 人或物
关系词 词 as 人或物
Relative words 关 系
副 词
when 时间 where 地点 why 原因
Relative adverbs
Relative words who
Function of the relative word 1. Introduce an attributive clause (引导定语从句) 2. Replace the antecedent (代替先行词) 3. Used as a grammatical element (在定语从句中担当一个成分)
• 2. I've included some photos that will help you picture the places I talk about. • 3. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of
=of which the cover
5. Views that are entirely new may be hard to accept. that=which (thing, subject)
6. These old pictures bring to their mind the happy days which they spent together.
whom whose which
that as when where why
Antecedent
person person person/thing thing person/thing person/thing noun referring to the time noun referring to the place noun referrinng to the reason
两个定语从句，其中前一句关系代词用that,后一句在指物时用which.
Situation 3- who和that用法的区别--只用who的情况
1. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. 2. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 3. The ones who flatter me don't please me.
• 7. Your disease is not the case that it used to be.
当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
• 8.There is a table in the corner that was bought yesterday.
在There be 结构中,修饰主语为物的定语从句时
• The constitution of complex sentence:
one main clause(主句）+ one or more than one subordinate clause（从句）
Classification
1.Noun clause 2.adverbial clause 3 .Adjectival clause=Attributive clause=Relative clause定语从句/关系从句
2. He is the man whom I saw yesterday. whom=who=that (person, object) 或省略 3. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
=the children of whom whose(person)+ Noun.=the noun of whom
B7U4-Grammar
Revise the Restrictive Attributive Clause-1
Task for this period
1.Review the fundamentals about Attributive clause, especially the Restrictive Attributive Clause.
• 2.The only thing that we can do is give you some money.
先行词被all, any, each, few, every, the only, no, some, little, much等修饰时
• 3. This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
one of the boys, Tombe. 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. • 5. Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school. • 6. This is the house where he lived last year.
=of whom the children
=of whom the noun
4. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. whose(thing)+ Noun.=the noun of Nhomakorabeawhich
=the cover of which
=of which the noun
先行词被序数词或
• 4. It is the first American movie that I've ever seen.
形容词最高级修饰时
• 5. He hasn't sent us the workers and equipment that we need. 先行词既有人又有物时
• 6. Which is the coat that you like best? 当主句是以which或who 开头的特殊疑问句时
Situation 5-separated attributive clause(间隔式定语从句)
• 1. The time came at last when we went to participate in our graduation. • 2. The war broke out which lasted 20 years in all. • 3.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host
Situation 1- that和which用法的区别--只用that 的情况
• 1.You should hand in all that belongs to you
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时
2. Pay much attention to some minute differences in Attributive Clause. 3. Do some exercises to put what' s reviewed into practice.
Lead-in
Structurally, the sentence can be classified into: 1) simple sentence 2) compound sentence 3) complex sentence (复合句)
Grammatical element
Subject, Object, predicative Object
Attribute Subject, Object Subject, Object, Predicative Subject, Object Adverbial of time Adverbial of place Adverbial of cause
Situation 2- that和which用法的区别--只用which的情况
1.There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词且指物作宾语（介词提前）
2.Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
7. This is the same book as was bought yesterday.
which=that (thing, subject) 或省略
the same...as; as...as; such...as; so...as (person/thing, subject/object)
• 1. This is the same book as was bought yesterday. • 2. There is so warm a house as we want to live in. • 3. Such women as know Peter thought he was charming. • 4. I'd like to have such a dictionary as he has.