下载文档原格式
阅读话题词汇—天文类Astronomy虽然阅读无需考生具备相关专业知识，但真正做起题来，谁会嫌弃自己认识的单词太多呢？今天我们来学习一些与天文类相关的话题词汇：九大行星—距太阳远近排列Terrestrial(Earth-like) Planet 类地行星（四个体积较小的星球中，地球体积最大）水星 Mercury金星 Venus地球 Earth火星 MarsJovian(Jupiter-like) Planet 类木行星（五个体积较大行星中，木星体积最大）木星 Jupiter土星 Saturn天王 Uranus海王 Neptune冥王 Pluto太阳系太阳系 solar system太阳 Sun公转系统 rotating system行星 planet卫星 satellite星体 small bodies小行星 asteroids彗星 comet陨星 meteoroid地球陆地的 terrestrial地球的生物圈 Earth's biosphere 大气 atmosphere好氧生物 aerobic organisms臭氧层 ozone layer地球磁场 magnetic field太阳辐射 solar radiation陆地 land太阳公转 orbit地轴 axis自转 rotates太阳日 solar days恒星年 sidereal year季节变化 seasonal variations月亮被太阳照亮 illuminated by the Sun月相 the lunar phases新月 crescent满月 full moon月食 moon eclipse相关剑桥真题：C9T2 P2 Venus in transit关于“金星凌日”的相关介绍金星轨道在地球轨道内侧，某些特殊时刻，地球、金星、太阳会在一条直线上，这时从地球上可以看到金星就像一个小黑点一样在太阳表面缓慢移动，天文学称之为“金星凌日”。
考研英语阅读理解部分是考生们备战考研英语时的一个重要部分。
在阅读理解题中，单词是考生们经常会碰到的，掌握一些常见的单词是非常有必要的。
下面就对考研英语阅读理解题干中常见的单词做一个总结和归纳，希望对考生们有所帮助。
一、常见的定位词1. "this"示例：This study 本人ms to investigate the ecological impact of climate change on polar bears.解析：在这个例句中，this 表示对后文所提到的研究进行了一个概括的概述，指向了后文具体讨论的内容。
2. "these"示例：These findings suggest that there is a strong correlation between 本人r pollution and respiratory diseases.解析：这个例句中的 these 用于指代前文所提到的研究结果，引出了作者要讨论的研究成果。
3. "those"示例：Those who suffer from insomnia are more likely to develop depression.解析：在这个例句中，those 用于指代前文提到的裙体，并引出了他们可能会面临的问题。
二、常见的论证连接词1. "however"示例：The data shows a clear decrease in the number of endangered species; however, the efforts to protect them have not been significantly improved.解析：在这个例句中，however 表示对前文所提到数据的一个反转和对比，用来引出作者的观点。
2. "moreover"示例：The research team found that the new treatment not only has fewer side effects, but it also yields better results; moreover, it is more cost effective.解析：这个例句中的 moreover 用来连系两个不同方面的好处，用来加强作者的论点。
地理专业名词中英文对照1、大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气,水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution 烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification2、岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion3、陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems 森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems 南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources 生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites偷猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会,经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens4、淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources淡水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水葫芦;凤眼兰;凤眼莲;凤眼蓝;风信花水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems 农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells5、海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish6、环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政策Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programs自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分valued ecosystem components 经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits7、人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development 再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings 商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry 城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会,经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements 生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people 城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status8、人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay9、农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorus compounds 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides10、工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing金属电镀Metal plating金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction原油开采Oil extraction石油提炼Petroleum refining印刷工业Printing industry纸浆工业Pulp industry采石Quarrying橡胶加工Rubber processing炼钢工业Steel industry露天剥采Strip mining焦油生产Tar production焦油使用Tar use木材保存Wood preservation工业产品Industrial products消费品Consumer goods危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials天然纤维Natural fibres包装Packaging涂料Paints产品标签Product labelling可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维Synthetic textile fibres漆Varnishes木产品Wood products11、运输TRANSPORTATION空运Air transportation空中交通规则Air traffic regulations飞机Aircraft飞机发动机排放物Aircraft engine emissions飞机噪音Aircraft noise机场Airports航天运输Space transportation陆上运输Land transportation自行车Bicycles内燃机Combustion engines铁路运输Railway transport道路安全Road safety道路交通工程Road traffic engineering 道路运输Road transport道路Roads城市交通Urban traffic车辆检验Vehicle inspection水上运输Water transportation渔轮Fishing vessels内河运输Inland water transport内陆水道Inland waterways国际水道International watercourses 海运Maritime transport航运的危害Navigational hazards油轮Oil tankers港口Ports潜水艇Submarines12、能ENERGY能源Energy sources动物粪便作燃料Animal dung as fuel 沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy木炭Charcoal煤Coal原油Crude oil能源资源Energy resources浓缩铀Enriched uranium矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol薪柴Fuel wood地热能Geothermal energy碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds 烃Hydrocarbons水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energy resources 无污染能源Non-polluting energy sources核能Nuclear energy核燃料Nuclear fuels油类Oils油页岩Oil shales泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derived fuels太阳能Solar energy焦油砂Tar sands海洋热能Thermal sea power潮汐能Tidal energy铀Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy能源过程Energy processes煤气化Coal gasification煤液化Coal liquefaction电力Electric power发电厂Electric power plants蓄电装置Electrical storage devices能源保护Energy conservation能源转换Energy conversion能源效率Energy efficiency能源政策Energy policy能源生产Energy production能源利用Energy use能源利用方式Energy utilization patterns气体液化Gas liquefaction照明Lighting天然气勘探Natural gas exploration核能利用Nuclear energy uses核电站Nuclear power plants近海石油钻探Offshore oil drilling石油勘探Oil exploration日照加热Solar heating13、环境化学ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 无机物质Inorganic substances酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐Sulphates硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents光化学效应Photochemical effects有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds酚Phenols外激素，信息素Pheromones植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemical processes 酸化Acidification 需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification富营氧化Eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用Interaction of pesticides电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢(作用)，新陈代谢(作用) Metabolism固氮Nitrogen fixation非电离辐射Non-ionizing radiation光合作用Photosynthesis物理,化学过程Physico-chemical processes放射性Radioactivity毒性Toxicity污染POLLUTION污染物Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂Aerosols农业废物Agricultural wastes石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise混合污染Composite pollution作物废物Crop waste二恶英Dioxins农家场院废物Farmyard waste火、火灾Fire危险物质Hazardous substances危险废物Hazardous wastes重金属Heavy metals医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents工业排放物Industrial emissions工业烟尘Industrial fumes工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants铅污染Lead contamination液体废物Liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides噪声污染Noise pollution恶臭公害Odour nuisance有机物污染Organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂Organic solvents有机卤化物Organohalogen compounds医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste锯屑Sawdust污水Sewage屠宰场废物Slaughterhouse waste固体废物Solid wastes热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances有毒废物Toxic waste毒素Toxins痕量元素Trace elements痕量物质Trace materials交通噪音Traffic noise废物，垃圾Trash废热Waste heat木材废料Wood waste对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone污染源Pollution sources生物武器Biological weapons水泥工业Cement industry化学武器Chemical weapons烟囱Chimneys冷却水Cooling waters机动车辆Motor vehicles摩托车Motorcycles核武器Nuclear weapons海洋倾倒Ocean dumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals挖掘堆积Excavation heaps污染治理Pollution abatement隔音Acoustic insulation化学污染清除Chemical decontamination燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters噪音治理Noise abatement污染治理设备Pollution abatement equipment 污染控制技术Pollution control technology辐射防护Radiation protection洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators防烟Smoke prevention废物最少化Waste minimization废物Wastes电池处理Battery disposal废物的化学处理Chemical treatment of waste处置场所Disposal sites废物焚烧Incineration of waste矿山回填Mine filling残油回收Oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理Radioactive waste management 回收的材料Recycled materials回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills海洋排泄口Sea outfall化粪池Septic tanks污水处置Sewage disposal污水处理系统Sewage treatment systems固体废物处置Solid waste disposal废物同化处置Waste assimilation capacities废物转化技术Waste conversion techniques废物处置Waste disposal废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground废物处置税Waste disposal taxes废物回收Waste recovery废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse14、人体健康HUMAN HEALTH污染物的危害Hazards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累Accumulation in body tissues镉污染Cadmium contamination环境健康危害Environmental health hazards人体接触污染物Human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应Long-term effects of pollutants核安全Nuclear safety污染物的影响Pollutant effects污染风险Pollution risk辐射效应Radiation effects药物的副作用Side effects of pharmaceutical drugs有毒物质的协同效应Synergistic effects of toxic substances 与环境有关的疾病Environmentally related diseases致癌物Carcinogens南美锥虫病Chagas'' disease人类的疾病Human diseases免疫疾病Immunological diseases婴儿死亡率Infant mortality疟疾Malaria盘尾丝虫病Onchocerciasis病原生物体Pathogenic organisms辐射病Radiation sickness血吸虫病Schistosomiasis人类疾病传染媒介Vectors of human diseases工作环境Working environment人机工程学Ergonomics职业健康Occupational health职业安全Occupational safety振动Vibration营养与保健Nutrition and health care过敏素Allergens基本食物要求Basic food requirements食品Food食品添加剂Food additives食用色素Food colourants食品污染Food contamination保健Health care卫生设施Health facilities高蛋白食品High protein foods医院Hospitals营养不良Malnutrition医疗Medical treatment药用植物Medicinal plants营养Nutrition食品的营养价值Nutritive value of food毒物Poisons吸烟Smoking主食Staple foods传统保健Traditional health care15、灾难DISASTERS灾难现象Catastrophic phenomena生物体的意外释放Accidental release of organisms 雪崩Avalanches旋风Cyclones沙漠蝗虫Desert locusts地震Earthquakes环境事故Environmental accidents流行病Epidemics洪水Floods飓风Hurricanes山崩Landslides人为灾难Human-made disasters核事故Nuclear accidents放射性污染Radioactive contamination释放Release地震海浪Seismic sea waves泄漏Spillage暴风雨Storms台风Typhoons应急减灾措施Emergency relief measures灾难清理作业Disaster clean-up operations防灾准备Disaster preparedness防灾Disaster prevention灾难救援Disaster relief流离失所人员Displaced persons紧急救援Emergency relief应急避难所Emergency shelter环境应急计划Environmental contingency planning 防洪Flood control放射性污染清除Radioactive decontamination临时住房Temporary housing临时避难所Temporary shelter生境破坏Habitat destruction陆地活动Land-based activities自然改变Physical alterations16、监测MONITORING环境监测Environmental monitoring生物指标Biological indicators生态标志Ecolabelling污染物鉴别Identification of pollutants噪声监制Noise monitoring污染物分析Pollutant analysis污染物分布Pollutant distribution污染物浓度Pollutant levels污染物监测Pollutant monitoring污染物路径Pollutant pathways污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification 污染监测Pollution monitoring辐射监测Radiation monitoring交通监测Traffic monitoring监测数据Monitoring data空气质量管理Air quality management大气监测Atmospheric monitoring本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmental assessment部门评价Sectoral assessment环境统计Environmental statistics森林资源评估Forest resource assessment洪水监测Freshwater monitoring工业生产统计Industrial production statistics长期预报Long-term forecasting长期趋势Long-term trends海洋监测Marine monitoring监测基准Monitoring criteria污染基准Pollution criteria污染标准Pollution norms质量控制Quality control水盾Water quality天气监测Weather monitoring天气预报Weather prediction野生生物种群统计Wildlife population statistics 监测技术Monitoring techniques分析设备Analytical equipment大气模型Atmospheric models自动检测Automatic detection测量仪器的标定Calibration of measuring equipment 色谱分析Chromatographic analysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography模型制作，模型设计Modelling监测仪器Monitoring equipment放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracer techniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation河道观测Stream measurement毒理测定Toxicological testing报警系统Warning systems监测系统Monitoring systems17、环境法ENVIRONMENTAL LAW国内立法National legislation农业立法Agricultural legislation污染防治激励措施Antipollution incentives环境犯罪Environmental crimes环境激励措施Environmental incentives环境责任Environmental liability环境过失Environmental misconduct环境质量标准Environmental quality standards环境补贴Environmental subsidies林业立法Forestry legislation健康立法Health legislation住房立法Housing legislation工业立法Industrial legislation对破坏环境的惩罚Penalties for environmental damage 污染者付费原则Polluter-pays principle污染控制法规Pollution control regulations污染责任Pollution liabilities公众对土地的获取Public access to land法规控制Regulatory control国际环境关系International environmental relations入海通道Access to the sea双边协定Bilateral conventions环境安全Environmental security环境破坏行为Environmental vandalism环境冲突Environmental warfare危险废物的出口Export of hazardous wastes全球性公约Global conventions国际标准化International standardization国际贸易International trade国际性重要的失态系统Internationally important ecosystems海洋事故的责任Liability for marine accidents核破坏的责任Liability for nuclear damages军事活动Military activity事先知情同意Prior informed consent危险废物运输的事先通告Prior notification for hazardous waste transport 区域性公约Regional conventions技术转让Technology transfer贸易避垒Trade barriers越境污染Trans-frontier pollution危险物质的运输Transport of hazardous materials18、环境信息ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION信息基础设施Information infrastructure图书馆Library信息中心Information centre数据中心Data centre培训中心Training centre因特网服务提供商Internet service provider信息网络Information networks环境术语Environmental terminology电子信息网络Electronic information network广域网Wide area network因特网Internet万维网World Wide Web主页Homepage超文本Hypertext公告牌系统Bulletin board system新闻组Newsgroup邮寄清单Mailing list电子函件Electronic mail信息技术Information technology多媒体技术Multimedia technology遥感中心Remote sensing centre地理信息系统实验室GIS laboratory环境意识Environmental awareness公共信息Public information新闻发布Press release视听演示Audio-visual presentation信息工具包Information kit录象Video展示Exhibit照片Photograph新闻通讯Newsletter广播节目Radio programme电视节目Television programme环境教育Environmental education环境培训Environmental training公共关系Public relations联络渠道Communication channels信息系统Information systems文献目录信息系统Bibliographic information system文献目录信息Bibliographic information技术信息Technical information本地知识Indigenous knowledge信息查询系统Referral information system供查询的信息Referral information统计信息系统Statistical information system统计信息Statistical information术语Terminology同义词Thesaurus分类Classification图书馆服务Library services查阅服务Reference service文件编索引Indexing of document文件出错document lending图书馆之间的借贷Inter-library loan信息的选择性传播Selective dissemination of information 光盘只读存储查询服务CD-ROM search service因特网查询服务Internet search service信息服务Information services在线服务On-line services信息交流中心Information clearing-house数据处理Data processing数据收集Data collection数据记录技术Data recording techniques信息处理Information processing专家系统Expert system决策支持系统Decision-support system软件开发Software development数据库Database相关数据库Relational database信息交换Information exchange与地学有关的信息Geo-referenced information遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner分辨率Resolution像素Pixel谱带Spectral bands红外线Infrared紫外线Ultraviolet雷达Radar轨迹Path景物确认Scene identification图象处理数字系统Image processing digital systems数字图象处理技术Digital image processing techniques 图象识别Pattern recognition镶嵌图案Mosaics图象滤光Image filtering图象增强Image enhancement几何修正Geometric corrections影像配准Image registration图象分类Image classification受监视的图象分类Supervised image classification未被监视的图象分类Unsupervised image classification 彩色组成Colour composition大气修正Atmospheric corrections地理信息系统Geographic information systems地理信息系统的数字系统GIS digital systems地理信息系统的数字格式GIS digital formats矢量Vector点Point线Lines多边形Polygons光栅Raster属性Attributes地理信息系统的数字技术GIS digital techniques内插Interpolation布网格Gridding光栅到矢量Raster to vector矢量到光栅Vector to raster边界Boundaries国家边界National boundaries次国家边界Sub-national boundaries行政边界Administrative boundaries与地理相关的数据Geo-referenced data地理投影Geographical projections坐标系统Coordinate system纬度Latitude经度Longitude19、联合国United Nations政府间的Intergovernmental政府的Governmental工业的或商业的Industrial or commercial非政府组织Non-governmental organization专业团体Professional society学术的Academic进入术语Terms of access协商费用Charges negotiable按回收成本为基础Cost recovery basis固定的收费时间表Fixed schedule of charges一般情况下免费Normally without charge在交换的基础上On exchange basis20、学科SUBJECT DISCIPLINES科目Subjects 声学Acoustics农业生态学Agricultural ecology 农业经济学Agricultural economics农业工程Agricultural engineering 农业林学Agroforestry分析化学Analytical chemistry 动物生态学Animal ecology动物遗传学Animal genetics 畜牧学Animal husbandry动物生理学Animal physiology 建筑学Architecture大气物理学Atmospheric physics 细菌学Bacteriology生物化学Biochemistry 生物气候学Bioclimatology生物地球化学Biogeochemistry 生物学Biology植物学Botany 心脏病学Cardiology制图学Cartography 化学工程Chemical engineering化学海洋学Chemical oceanography 土木工程Civil engineering气候学Climatology 细胞学Cytology电气工程Electrical engineering 内分泌学Endocrinology流行病学Epidemiology 河口生物学Estuarine biology河口海洋学Estuarine oceanography 食品科学Food science林学Forestry 淡水生物学Freshwater biology遗传工程学Genetic engineering 遗传学Genetics地质学Geology 地貌学Geomorphology地球物理学Geophysics 工艺地质学Geotechnology冰川学Glaciology 血液学Haematology园艺学Horticulture 人体生物学Human biology人体生理学Human physiology 水文地理学Hydrography水文学Hydrology 溶液培养学Hydroponics免疫学Immunology 无机化学Inorganic chemistry湖沼学，淡水生物学Limnology 海洋生物学Marine biology船舶工程Marine engineering 海洋地质学Marine geology材料科学Materials science 机械工程学Mechanical engineering 气象学Meteorology 微生物学Microbiology微气候学Microclimatology 采矿工程Mining engineering。
一、基础词汇1. Astronomy（天文学）：研究宇宙中一切天体的学科。
2. Astrology（占星术）：根据天体运行规律预测人间事务的学说。
3. Celestial（天体的）：与天空或天体有关的。
4. Galaxy（银河系）：由大量恒星、星云、行星等组成的大型天体系统。
5. Star（恒星）：宇宙中的一种天体，能自行发光发热。
二、天体词汇1. Planet（行星）：围绕恒星运行，具有足够质量使其成为近似圆形的天体。
2. Satellite（卫星）：围绕行星或其他天体运行的自然或人造天体。
3. Comet（彗星）：由冰、尘埃和岩石组成，围绕太阳运行的小型天体。
4. Meteor（流星）：太空中的岩石或尘埃进入地球大气层燃烧产生的光迹。
5. Meteorite（陨石）：流星体坠落到地球表面的残骸。
三、观测与测量词汇1. Telescope（望远镜）：用于观测远处天体的光学仪器。
2. Observatory（天文台）：用于天文观测的场所，通常配备有各种望远镜。
3. Magnitude（星等）：衡量天体亮度的一种单位。
4. Parsec（秒差距）：用于测量天体距离的单位，相当于3.26光年。
5. Lightyear（光年）：光在一年内行进的距离，用于描述天体间的距离。
四、天体物理词汇1. Black hole（黑洞）：引力强大到连光都无法逃逸的天体。
2. Supernova（超新星）：恒星在生命终结时发生的一种爆炸现象。
3. Nebula（星云）：由气体和尘埃组成的星际物质云。
4. Quasar（类星体）：一种极为遥远、亮度极高的天体，被认为是活动星系的核心。
5. Redshift（红移）：天体光谱向红色端偏移的现象，通常用于测量天体的距离。
五、宇宙结构与演化词汇1. Universe（宇宙）：包含一切物质、能量、空间和时间的整体。
2. Cosmic microwave background（宇宙微波背景辐射）：大爆炸后残留下来的热辐射，是宇宙早期的证据。
戈洛博翻译-英语词汇库英语专题分类词汇（地理Geography）1.GeneralTerms一般词汇：physicalgeography自然地理；economicgeography经济地理；geopolitics地理政治论；geology地理学；ethnography民族志；cosmography宇宙志；cosmology宇宙论；toponymy地名学；oceanography海洋学；meteorology气象学；orography山志学；hydroaraphy水文学；vegetation植被；relief地形/地貌；climate气候；earth地球/大地；Universe/cosmos 宇宙；world世界；globe地球仪；earth/globe地壳；continent大陆；terrafirma陆地；coast海岸；archipelago群岛；peninsula半岛；island岛；plain平原；valley谷地；meadow（小）草原；prairie（大）草原；lake湖泊；pond池塘；marsh/bog/swamp沼泽；smalllake小湖；lagoon泻湖；moor/moorland荒原；desert沙漠；dune沙丘；oasis绿洲；savanna（南美）大草原；virginforest原始森林；steppe大草原；tundra冻原。
2.Cartography地图绘制法：map地图；mapoftheworld世界地图；planisphere平面地形图；wallmap/skeletonmap挂图；skeletonmap示意图；map/plan/chart平面图；atlas地图集；chart海图；cadastre地籍薄；topography测绘学；photogrammetry摄影测量学；worldpolitical世界政区；worldphysical世界地形；worldcommunication世界交通；worldtimezone世界时区；geomorphy地貌；scale比例尺；legend图例；citymap城市图；populatedlocalitied居民点；capital首都/首府；capitaloffirst-orderpoliticalunit一级行政中心；maincity/majorcity主要城市；commoncity一般城市；village村；town镇/乡；city boundary市界；boundary境界；continentalboundary洲界；internationalboundary国界；undefinedinternationalboundary未定国界；regionalboundary地区界；boundaryorfirst-orderpoliticalunit一级政区界；communication交通；railroad/railway铁路；expressway/motorway高速公路；highway公路；shippingroute航海线；airport机场；port港口；streamsystem水系；river河流；waterfall瀑布；saltlake咸水湖/盐湖；lake湖泊；seasonallake时令湖；seasonalriver时令河；reservoir水库；dam水坝；waterpipeline输水管；well井；spring泉；hotspring温泉；swamp沼泽；desert沙漠；peak山峰；volcano火山；coralreefs珊瑚礁；historicsite古迹；pass山口/关隘；thegreatwall长城；pyramid金字塔；magneticpole地磁极；cityblocks城市街区；mainstreet/majorstreet主要街道；secondarystreet次要街道；importantbuilding重要建筑物；building独立建筑；collegeoruniversity高等院校；nationalpark国家公园；militaryinstallation军用设施；spacecentreorscientificresearchcentre航天或科研中心；lighthouse灯塔；monument纪念碑；stadium体育场；gymnasium体育馆；park公园；bridge桥梁；greenland绿地；cemetery墓地。
雅思听力场景词汇之科普篇天文地理类snowfall 降雪量kilometer 公里climate 气候process 过程density 密度symbolize 象征dynamic 动力的Ozone layer 臭氧层satellite technology 卫星技术coastline 海岸线crystal 结晶estimate 估计volcano 火山storm 暴风雨ice-cap 冰盖light光线crime罪行data analysis数据分析weather conditions 天气条件gender studies 性别研究murder 谋杀poverty 贫穷coastline 海岸线crystal 结晶estimate 估计volcano 火山storm 暴风雨seismograph n. 地震计weather n. 天气,气候,气象vt. (因受风吹,日晒,雨淋等,使)褪色, 平安度过vi. 变色,变形, 经受住(困难) adj. 天气预报的, 上风的temperature n. 温度,发烧average n. 平均数,平均水平adj. 一般的,通常的,平均的vt. &vi. 取平均值，达到平均水平Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的n. 华氏温度计windy adj. 有风的, 多风的wet adj. 湿的,雨天的n. 潮气,雨天vt.& vi. (使)弄湿rainy adj. 多雨的, 下雨的cloudy adj. 多云的sunny adj. 阳光充足的,晴朗的,明媚的mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温柔的,文雅的flood n. 洪水,水灾v. 淹没,溢出vi. 大量涌到,泛滥vt. 灌溉,淹没tornado n. 飓风,旋风,龙卷风hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西adj. 有防风罩的avalanche n. 雪崩thunderstorm n. 雷暴雨(大雷雨)tsunami n. 海啸tropical adj. 热带的, 炎热的, 热带植物的temperate adj. 温和的, 适度的, 有节制的Arctic Circle n. 北极圈rust n. 铁,锈vi. 生锈,变成红棕色vt. 使...生锈,损害zinc n. 锌vt. 在…上镀锌nickel n. 镍, 镍币, 五分镍币vt. 镀镍于tin n. 锡,马口铁,罐vt. 在...上镀锡Mercury n. 水银, 水星lead n. 铅, 领引, 榜样v. 引导, 带领, 以铅接合; 过...(的生活) iceberg n. 冰山, 冷若冰山的人active volcano n. 活火山dormant volcano 休眠火山extinct volcano 死火山eruption n. 爆发,喷发，出疹，长牙volcanic ash 火山灰crater n. 弹坑, 火山口altitude n. 高度,海拔,高地lava n. 熔岩, 火山岩epicenter n. 震中，中心sign n. 符号, 正负号, 手势, 迹象, 招牌v. 签, 做手势, 做标记seismic wave 地震波海震波海啸波recycle vt. 使再循环,再利用,再制vi. 循环n. 再循环ooze n. 软泥，渗出物vi. 渗出, 泄漏vt. 慢慢渗出，流露。
地理学英语词汇大全地理学专业英语词汇Geography is a fascinating field that involves the study of the Earth's physical features, climate patterns, and the interaction between humans and the environment. As with any subject, learning the vocabulary specific to geography is essential for effective communication and understanding. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of English vocabulary words commonly used in geography studies. This compilation aims to assist geography students, researchers, and enthusiasts in expanding their knowledge and fluency in the subject.1. Physical Geography Terms:1.1 Landforms: mountains, plains, plateaus, hills, valleys, canyons, ridges, etc.1.2 Water Bodies: oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, waterfalls, etc.1.3 Climate: tropical, arid, temperate, polar, humid, continental, monsoon, etc.1.4 Weather: precipitation, humidity, temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, etc.1.5 Ecosystems: forests, deserts, grasslands, wetlands, tundra, coral reefs, etc.1.6 Natural Disasters: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, etc.2. Human Geography Terms:2.1 Population: demographics, birth rate, death rate, population density, population growth, migration, etc.2.2 Urbanization: cities, urban areas, urban planning, urban expansion, slums, skyscrapers, etc.2.3 Transportation: roads, highways, railways, airports, ports, bridges, tunnels, public transportation, etc.2.4 Agriculture: farming, crop cultivation, livestock rearing, irrigation, agribusiness, sustainable agriculture, etc.2.5 Economic Systems: capitalism, socialism, market economy, planned economy, globalization, trade, etc.2.6 Cultural Geography: language, religion, traditions, customs, folklore, national identity, ethnicity, etc.3. Geographical Tools and Techniques:3.1 Maps: topographic maps, thematic maps, political maps, physical maps, cartography, map scale, symbols, etc.3.2 Remote Sensing: satellite imagery, aerial photography, GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System), etc.3.3 Fieldwork: surveys, observations, sampling, data collection, experiments, analysis, etc.3.4 Geographic Information: coordinates, latitude, longitude, elevation, GIS data layers, geospatial analysis, etc.3.5 Land Surveying: land measurement, boundary determination, survey instruments, geodetic surveying, etc.3.6 Computer Applications: geospatial software, data visualization, modeling, remote sensing software, etc.4. Environmental Geography Terms:4.1 Pollution: air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise pollution, waste management, recycling, etc.4.2 Climate Change: greenhouse effect, global warming, carbon footprint, renewable energy, climate adaptation, mitigation, etc.4.3 Conservation: biodiversity, endangered species, habitat preservation, national parks, sustainable development, etc.4.4 Natural Resources: minerals, fossil fuels, renewable resources, water resources, forestry, sustainable use, etc.4.5 Environmental Impact: deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, land degradation, pollution control, conservation strategies, etc.4.6 Sustainability: environmental stewardship, eco-friendly practices, sustainable lifestyles, green technologies, circular economy, etc.5. Geopolitical and International Relations Terms:5.1 Borders: international borders, geopolitical boundaries, border disputes, border control, immigration, etc.5.2 Global Organizations: United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), etc.5.3 Geopolitical Concepts: geopolitics, superpowers, regional integration, imperialism, colonialism, nation-state, etc.5.4 Global Issues: globalization, inequality, poverty, human rights, peacekeeping, conflict, diplomacy, international cooperation, etc.5.5 Development: developed countries, developing countries, sustainable development goals (SDGs), economic indicators, etc.5.6 Migration: immigration, emigration, refugees, asylum seekers, push factors, pull factors, brain drain, etc.Please note that this list of geography vocabulary words is not exhaustive but provides a broad overview of the most commonly used terms in the field. Remember to continuously expand your understanding of geographical concepts and their associated vocabulary through readings, research, and practical applications.。
雅思考试阅读核心认知词-地质环境篇adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] n.适应，改编afield [əˈfiːld] ad.在战场上；离乡背井地；在远方，在远处alluvial [əˈluːviəl] a.冲积的，淤积的amass [əˈmæs] v.积聚amorphous [əˈmɔːfəs] a.无定形的；无组织的；非结晶质的aquaculture [ˈækwəkʌltʃə（r）] n.水产养殖arable [ˈærəbl] a.可耕作的n.耕地arid [ˈærɪd] a.干旱的；不毛的artefact [ˈɑːtɪfækt] n.人工制品ash [æʃ] n.灰；灰烬；[pl.]骨灰；遗骸assimilate [əˈsɪməleɪt] v.吸收；使同化astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt] n.宇航员avalanche [ˈævəlɑːnʃ] n./v.雪崩balcony [ˈbælkəni] n.阳台；楼厅banner [ˈbænə（r）] n.横幅；旗帜bay [beɪ] n.海湾beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep./ad.在下方，在底下beware [bɪˈweə（r）] v.谨防，当心bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl] a.双边的，双方的boulder [ˈbəʊldə（r）] n.大石头bounce [baʊns] v.弹起，反弹brass [brɑːs] n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器breakwater [ˈbreɪkwɔːtə（r）] n.防浪堤bulge [bʌldʒ] n./v.膨胀；凸出；塞满calm [kɑːm] a.镇静的，平静的v.使平静，使镇静cascade [kæˈskeɪd] n.小瀑布centrifugal force 离心力charcoal [ˈtʃɑːkəʊl] n.炭，木炭chemical [ˈkemɪkl] a.化学的n.化学制品chink [tʃɪŋk] n.裂缝，裂口；叮当声v.（使）叮当响chunk [tʃʌŋk] n.大块；相当大的部分/数量climatic [klaɪˈmætɪk] a.气候（上）的clockwise [ˈklɒkwaɪz] a.顺时针方向的ad.顺时针方向地coherent [kəʊˈhɪərənt] a.连贯的；清晰的；一致的，协调的；黏合在一起的combust [kəmˈbʌst] v.燃烧；消耗condemn [kənˈdem] v.谴责；判刑，定罪contaminant [kənˈtæmɪnənt] n.致污物，污染物continental [ˌkɒntɪˈnentl] a.大陆的，大陆性的n.（欧洲）大陆人contrived [kənˈtraɪvd] a.人为的corrode [kəˈrəʊd] v.腐蚀；侵蚀crater [ˈkreɪtə（r）] n.火山口；坑crescent [ˈkresnt] n.新月形（物）a.新月形的crust [krʌst] n.外壳；面包皮v.结成外壳；在……上结硬皮culminate [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt] v.达到高潮；达到顶点；使结束cumulative [ˈkjuːmjələtɪv] a.累积的curly [ˈkɜːli] a.卷曲的；（纹理）波形的debris [ˈdebriː] n.废墟，残骸；垃圾，废弃物；[地理]岩屑decibel [ˈdesɪbel] n.分贝delta [ˈdeltə] n.三角洲depart [dɪˈpɑːt] v.离开，起程desert [ˈdezət] n.沙漠；荒地a.沙漠的；荒凉的；[dɪˈzɜːt] v.舍弃deterioration [dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn] n.恶化；退化；堕落devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] a.毁灭性的；强有力的diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ] v.减少；降低displace [dɪsˈpleɪs] v.取代；移动dome [dəʊm] n.圆屋顶；穹顶domination [ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn] n.控制，统治，支配doom [duːm] n.厄运；判决；世界末日v.注定；判决；使……的失败成为必然dormant [ˈdɔːmənt] a.休眠的；蛰伏的drill [drɪl] n./v.钻；训练droplet [ˈdrɒplət] n.小滴dusk [dʌsk] n.薄暮，黄昏earthquake [ˈɜːθkweɪk] n.地震ebb [eb] n.落潮，退潮；衰落v.衰退；减少；退潮eclipse [ɪˈklɪps] v.使黯然失色；遮住……的光n.日食，月食；黯然失色ecology [iˈkɒlədʒi] n.生态，生态学elicit [ɪˈlɪsɪt] v.诱出，引出；引起embankment [ɪmˈbæŋkmənt] n.堤岸，路堤environment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] n.客观环境；自然环境equation [ɪˈkweɪʒn] n.方程（式）；平衡equator [ɪˈkweɪtə（r）] n.赤道erosion [ɪˈrəʊʒn] n.腐蚀，磨损，侵蚀eruption [ɪˈrʌpʃn] n.火山爆发estuary [ˈestʃuəri] n.（江河入海的）河口湾excavate [ˈekskəveɪt] v.挖掘，掘出excavator [ˈekskəveɪtə（r）] n.挖掘机；开凿者exhaust [ɪɡˈzɔːst] v.使筋疲力尽；耗尽；抽完，汲干n.排气管；废气exhaustible [ɪɡˈzɔːstəbl] a.可被用尽的；会枯竭的exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] v.存在；生存expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.远征（队），探险（队）exploratory [ɪkˈsplɒrətri] a.勘探的，探究的，考察的explore [ɪkˈsplɔː（r）] v.探险，探索；仔细查阅，探究facade [fəˈsɑːd] n.正面；（虚假的）外表fallow [ˈfæləʊ] n.休耕地a.（土地）休耕的finite [ˈfaɪnaɪt] a.有限的；限定的flint [flɪnt] n.火石foreland [ˈfɔːlənd] n.前沿地；岬form [fɔːm] n.形式；外形；表格v.形成fracture [ˈfræktʃə（r）] v.（使）断裂n.骨折fraught [frɔːt] a.担心的，忧虑的；充满……的frontier [ˈfrʌntɪə（r）] n.（学科或活动的）前沿；边界a.边界的；开拓的galaxy [ˈɡæləksi] n.银河；星系geological [ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl] a.地质的，地质学的glacial [ˈɡleɪʃl] a.冰川的；寒冷的global [ˈɡləʊbl] a.全球的；总体的gorge [ɡɔːdʒ] n.山峡，峡谷v.狼吞虎咽；塞饱granite [ˈɡrænɪt] n.花岗岩gravel [ˈɡrævl] n.沙砾，砾石grind [ɡraɪnd] v.磨（碎），碾；折磨n.苦差事halve [hɑːv] v.二等分；减半harbour [ˈhɑːbə（r）] n.港口v.停泊；隐匿herdsman [ˈhɜːdzmən] n.牧人highland [ˈhaɪlənd] n.高原，高地hinterland [ˈhɪntəlænd] n.内地，腹地horizon [həˈraɪzn] n.地平线；范围；眼界horizontal [ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl] a.水平的，与地面平行的；平的，平坦的humidity [hjuːˈmɪdəti] n.湿度；潮湿hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] n.飓风incongruous [ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs] a.不协调的，不一致的，不适宜的indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn] n.指示industrialize [ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz] v.（使）工业化inland [ˈɪnlænd] a.内陆的[ˌɪnˈlænd]ad.向内地/内陆inlet [ˈɪnlet] n.入口，进（水）口；水湾isle [aɪl] n.小岛，岛isolation [ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn] n.隔离；孤立；（电）绝缘jostle [ˈdʒɒsl] v.推挤；挤开通路landward [ˈlændwəd] a.向陆地的，向岸的lane [leɪn] n.小巷；车道latitude [ˈlætɪtjuːd] n.纬度[pl.]纬度地区layer [ˈleɪə（r）] n.层，层次lime [laɪm] n.石灰limestone [ˈlaɪmstəʊn] n.石灰岩longitude [ˈlɒŋɡɪtjuːd] n.经度longitudinal [ˌlɒŋɡɪˈtjuːdənl] a.经度的；纵向的；长度的magma [ˈmæɡmə] n.岩浆marsh [mɑːʃ] n.沼泽；湿地marsupial [mɑːˈsuːpiəl] n./a.有袋动物（的）mechanic [məˈkænɪk] n.机修工；[pl.]力学，机械学Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən] a.地中海的n.地中海migrant [ˈmaɪɡrənt] n.移居者，移民；迁移动物，候鸟mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə（r）] n.混合（物）moist [mɔɪst] a.湿润的，潮湿的mount [maʊnt] n.支架，底座；山，峰v.登上；骑上；发起；安装mountainous [ˈmaʊntənəs] a.多山的navigable [ˈnævɪɡəbl] a.可通航的；适于航行的ore [ɔː（r）] n.矿；矿石ounce [aʊns] n.盎司outpost [ˈaʊtpəʊst] n.前哨（站）；边区村落particle [ˈpɑːtɪkl] n.极少量；微粒pasture [ˈpɑːstʃə（r）] n.牧场，牧场草地v.放牧petrol [ˈpetrəl] n.汽油plaster [ˈplɑːstə（r）] n.灰泥，熟石膏；膏药plateau [ˈplætəʊ] n.高原plough [plaʊ] n.犁v.犁地pollutant [pəˈluːtənt] n.污染物pollution [pəˈluːʃn] n.污染；污染物；玷污precarious [prɪˈkeəriəs] a.不安全的，不稳定的，充满危险的；不牢靠的，不稳固的precipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn] n.降水（量）；[化]沉淀pumice [ˈpʌmɪs] n.浮石，浮岩v.用浮岩磨光quartz [kwɔːts] n.石英realm [relm] n.界，领域，范围；王国，国度retain [rɪˈteɪn] v.保留；保持revegetate [riːˈvedʒɪˌteɪt] v.再生长，再种植sandstone [ˈsændstəʊn] n.砂岩scarce [skeəs] a.缺乏的，不足的；稀少的，罕见的scatter [ˈskætə（r）] v.（使人或动物）散开，驱散；散布，散播scour [ˈskaʊə（r）] v.擦洗，擦亮；冲刷，冲刷成seam [siːm] n.缝，接缝；煤层seasonal [ˈsiːzənl] a.季节的，季节性的，随季节而变化的；周期性的sediment [ˈsedɪmənt] n.沉积物；沉淀物seep [siːp] v.渗，渗透shell [ʃel] n.壳；炮弹v.剥……的壳；炮击signpost [ˈsaɪnpəʊst] v.设置路标n.路标silt [sɪlt] n.淤泥v.（使）淤塞silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] n.硅skull [skʌl] n.颅骨，脑壳slat [slæt] n.板条，狭板v.用板条做/装备slope [sləʊp] n.斜坡；倾斜v.（使）倾斜slurry [ˈslʌri] n.泥浆source [sɔːs] n.根源；来源sticky [ˈstɪki] a.黏性的；（天气）湿热的stockpile [ˈstɒkpaɪl] v.大量贮存n.囤聚的物资strait [streɪt] n.海峡；困境subordinate [səˈbɔːdɪnət] n.下属a.低级的；次要的[səˈbɔːdɪneɪt] v.使处于次要地位；使服从subtropical [ˌsʌbˈtrɒpɪkl] a.亚热带的sulphuric [sʌlˌfjʊərɪk] a.硫黄的；含硫黄的sulphuric acid 硫酸surge [sɜːdʒ] v./n.激增，涌动tense [tens] a.拉紧的v.（使）拉紧terrain [təˈreɪn] n.地形，地势terrestrial [təˈrestriəl] a.陆地的，陆生的，陆栖的；地球的thunder [ˈθʌndə（r）] n.雷；雷声v.打雷；轰隆响timber [ˈtɪmbə（r）] n.木材，木料topography [təˈpɒɡrəfi] n.地形学；地形，地貌topsoil [ˈtɒpsɔɪl] n.表土层torrent [ˈtɒrənt] n.洪流；逆发，（话语等的）连发torrential [təˈrenʃl] a.倾泻的，急流的toxic [ˈtɒksɪk] a.有害的，有毒的tramp [træmp] n.长途跋涉v.踩踏tropospheric [ˌtrɒpəˈsferɪk] a.对流层的typhoon [taɪˈfuːn] n.台风ultraclean [ˌʌltrəˈkliːn] a.超净的，特净的uncertainty [ʌnˈsɜːtnti] n.不确定；无把握universally [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli] ad.普遍地；人人；到处upper [ˈʌpə（r）] a.上面的；地位较高的；高地的volcano [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ] n.火山waterfront [ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt] n.滨水路，滨水地区（如港口或海边）zone [zəʊn] n.地区；范围v.分区。
地理英语名词汇总地理是研究地球的各种现象、规律和特征的学科。
在地理学中，有许多重要的英语名词术语。
下面将详细介绍一些常用的地理英语名词，以帮助读者更好地了解地理学术语。
1. Earth（地球）The third planet from the Sun, also known as the Blue Planet.2. Geology（地质学）The study of the solid Earth, including rocks, minerals, and the processesthat shape its surface.3. Geography（地理学）The study of the Earth's physical features, climate, vegetation, and human populations.4. Topography（地形学）The physical features of a region or area, including its elevation, slope, and relief.5. Continent（大陆）One of the seven major land masses on Earth, including Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.6. Ocean（海洋）A large body of saltwater that covers 71% of the Earth's surface, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic oceans.7. Sea（海）A large body of saltwater that is partially enclosed by land, smaller than an ocean.8. River（河流）A large natural stream of water that flows into another body of water, such as a lake, sea, or ocean.9. Lake（湖泊）A large body of water that is surrounded by land.10. Mountain（山）A large landform that rises steeply above the surrounding land, typically with a peak or summit.11. Hill（小山）A rounded, elevated landform that is lower than a mountain.12. Valley（山谷）A low area of land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it.13. Plain（平原）A large, flat area of land with few or no trees.14. Plateau（高原）A flat, elevated area of land that is higher than the surrounding land.15. Desert（沙漠）A barren and dry region with little or no vegetation, often characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall.16. Tundra（冻土带）A cold and treeless biome found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, characterized by low temperatures and permanently frozen ground.17. Rainforest（热带雨林）A dense forest with high levels of rainfall, typically found in tropical regions.18. Climate（气候）The long-term average weather conditions of a region, including temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns.19. Weather（天气）The current state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.20. Erosion（侵蚀）The process by which rocks and soil are moved from one place to another by natural forces, such as water, wind, or glaciation.21. Volcano（火山）A mountain or hill with a vent or crater through which lava, rock fragments, hot gases, and ash are expelled during an eruption.22. Earthquake（地震）A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often caused by the movement of tectonic plates.23. Tsunami（海啸）A series of ocean waves caused by an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.24. Glacier（冰川）A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land, usually formed in high mountainous regions.25. Wetland（湿地）An area of land that is saturated with water, such as a swamp, marsh, or bog.26. Biodiversity（生物多样性）The variety of plant and animal species within a given ecosystem or region.27. Ecosystem（生态系统）A community of living organisms that interact with each other and their environment.28. Deforestation（森林砍伐）The clearing or removal of trees from a forested area.29. Pollution（污染）The introduction of harmful substances or pollutants into the environment, causing damage to ecosystems and human health.30. Sustainability（可持续性）The ability to maintain or use resources in a way that does not deplete or harm the environment for future generations.以上是一些常用的地理英语名词，涵盖了地球的各个方面，包括地形、气候、动植物等。
干货奉上：考研阅读背景词汇大盘点(下)目录Unit 7 天文地理类Unit 8 艺术类Unit 9 宗教类Unit 10 体育运动类Unit 11 食品类Unit 12 其他社会生活类►Unit 7 天文地理类aeronautics航空学，航空术alien外星人astrology占星学astronomer天文学家atmospheric大气的，空气的aviation航空，航空学，航空工业celestial天的，天体的celestial sphere天球cluster星团cold front冷锋comet彗星constellation星座cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线cosmology字宙学drifting plates漂流版块dune沙丘elipse (日，月)食equator (地球)赤道glacier冰河hurricane飓风inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论inter-planetary communication星际交通Jupiter木星latitude纬度launch发射launch pad发射台longitude经度lunar月球的lunar eclipse月蚀Mars火星Mercury水星meteor流星meteorolite陨石meteor shower流星雨monsoon季风multistage rocket多级火箭Neptune海王星orbit环绕(天体的)轨道运行peninsula半岛phase月相planet行星planetary行星的planetoid小行星plateau高原Pluto冥王星radiating辐射的reef暗礁satellite卫星solar corona日冕solar prominence日珥solar radiation宇宙辐射solar system太阳系space exploration外层空间探索space shuttle航天飞机space suit宇航服，航天服stellar星球的Tropic of Cancer／Capricorn北/南回归线Uranus天王星Venus金星Volcanic火山的Watchdog管理人员►Unit 8 艺术类abstract painting抽象画art decor艺术装饰baton指挥棒break dance霹雳舞0elb大提琴chant吟唱chord合唱，合唱曲composer作曲者，作曲家concerto协奏曲conductor指挥conservatory音乐学校flute长笛folk music民间音乐gong锣harmonica口鬈harp竖琴horn号impressionism印象派instrument(精密)乐器lyric歌词melody旋律，曲调musical音乐喜剧musical notation乐谱orchestra管弦乐队overture前奏曲pipe organ管风琴playwright剧作家prelude序曲premiere首演producer演出者properties舞台道具rap music快板音乐，快板歌recital独奏会．独唱会refrain(歌曲中的)叠歌，副歌rehearsal排演Renaissance文艺复兴reproduction复制saxophone萨克斯管scale音阶score总谱；(总谱中的)乐曲sculpture雕刻，雕塑sonata奏鸣曲symphony交响乐，交响曲synthesizer合成器，音响合成器tempo节奏theatricals戏剧trumpet喇叭whistle口哨wind管乐器►Unit 9 宗教类Allah真主，安拉altar圣坛，祭坛apartheid南非的种族隔离apostle信徒atheist无神论者Catholic天主教徒Catholicism天主教Christianity基督教convert改变信仰；皈依cult疯狂地崇拜，膜拜deity(=god)神fast斋戒；禁食gospel福音heresy异端邪说hierarchy阶层，等级incarnate化身Judaism犹太教koran可兰经minister牧师missionary传教士pagan异教徒的，无宗教信仰的pious虔诚的pope教皇，罗马主教preach布道，说教preacher传道士，牧师Protestant新教徒resurrection(耶稣)复活scripture经文，圣典service礼拜式superstition迷信taboo禁忌►Unit 10 体育运动类a11-round champion全能冠军backhand(网球等运动中)反手的backstroke仰泳balk line起跳线baton接力棒bid申办bodybuilding健美运动bowler投球手breaststroke蛙泳butterfly蝶泳cheering-section啦啦队chief referee裁判长closing ceremony闭幕式COC(Chinese Olympic Committee)中国奥委会court(篮球、网球等的)场cross-country race越野赛draw平局dunk扣篮finals决赛floor exercise自由体操foul犯规freestyle自由泳Green Olympics绿色奥运gym(nasium)体育馆，健身房Hi-tech Olympics科技奥运host主办host country东道国in good form竞技状态好invitational tournament邀请赛IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥委会Jump the gun抢跑marathon马拉松赛跑natatorium游泳馆OCOG(Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)奥运会组委会on your marks各就各位opening ceremony开幕式penalty kick点球physical culture and sports体育运动playing pool水球场racket网球拍rally连续对打rebound篮板球referee`s crease裁判区runner-up亚军seeded team种子队shot发球smash扣球spectator观众sports circle体育界sportsmanship体育道德State Sports General Administration国家体育总局substitute替补synchronized swimming花样游泳the People`s Olympic人文奥运track and field田径water polo水球►Unit 11 食品类additive添加剂amino add氨基酸appetizer开胃食品barbecue烧烤bed curries牛肉咖喱beef steak牛排；鱼排beverage饮料broccoli西兰花buffet(meal)自助餐butter黄油carbohydrate糖类cauliflower菜花convenience food方便食品diet日常饮食fortified wine加了酒精的葡萄酒French fries法式炸薯条fructose果糖glucose葡萄糖green foodstuff绿色食品ground beef绞牛肉；牛肉酱health food保健食品ketchup调味番茄酱!can meat瘦肉lettuce生菜malnourished营养不良maltose麦牙糖nutrition营养(成分)oatmeal燕麦片onion洋葱pasta意大利通心粉pasta dinner意大利面食pastry面点心pepsi百事可乐protein蛋白质recipe食谱；配方seaweed海藻soft drink不含酒精的饮料spice调味品sprite雪碧starch淀粉vegetable curry and rice蔬菜咖喱烩饭vegetarian素食主义者vitamin维生素yeast酵母yogurt酸奶►Unit 12 其他社会生活类accommodations膳宿baby boom生育高峰census人口普查charitable仁慈的，为慈善事业的civilized文明的，有礼的commit suicide自杀community社会divorce离婚drug abuse滥用毒品hospitality好客household家庭的infrastructure基础设施metropolitan大城市的psychological心理学的questionnaire问卷调查religious宗教的social change社会变革．social interrelationship社会关系social status社会地位。
