英语词典使用指南（Guide to the use of English Dictionaries）Guide to the use of English DictionariesWen / Li DingIn my more than 10 years of English study, I have read more than a dozen English dictionaries. Because we have learned much and used more, we have accumulated some of our own experience when screening and selecting the dictionaries which are in full supply on the market. Next, I will share my dictionary choice experience with people who are in different English classes and need different kinds of tests.First, non English majors majoring in CET-4, CET-6 and PETS-3:My recommendation may be strange to this group of people, that is, an electronic dictionary. For them, there is no need to use an English English dictionary. The English Chinese dictionary, the electronic dictionary is now available on the market, whether it is from the vocabulary or from accuracy, and can be comparable to the printed dictionary, but also from the convenience and portability are superior in terms of.Today, the vast majority of electronic dictionaries on the market are often called vocabulary 500 thousand, even millions of, although it is a great exaggeration, but in conservative terms, the vocabulary of these 100 thousand dictionaries can still be guaranteed. This is required for vocabulary about 4000~6000 of the four, six candidates, it is more than enough. The electronic dictionary also includes many commonly used phrases and collocation; some products are even introduced suchas American Dictionary and Heritage copyright Cambridge International English Dictionary and other international well-known, an explanation is also very comprehensive place, can meet the various needs of the population.Of course, for those who don't get 90 points (new-cet4 610) until the "hardcore" candidates, I would recommend that a dictionary of modern English usage dictionary published by Professor Zhang Daozhen, the "FLTRP" compilation. This dictionary covers the modern English word interpretation, the most commonly used collocation, with practical examples, according to internal news rumors, even four, six members of the Committee in a proposition when they are in the dictionary as a reference. So I believe that this dictionary should be the ultimate choice of four and six candidates, but because the price is not expensive (128 yuan), so only to the "ashes class" candidates recommended.Two, pro forma TEM-4, 8 of English majors, pro forma, postgraduate English, interpretation, TOEFL, IELTS candidates:For English majors, have a lot of intensive training and practice Paraphrase; and TOEFL and IELTS interpretation, the candidates will need more accurate interpretation and English frequency function, then the electronic dictionary is not enough, we recommend the use of special advanced English learning dictionary ready, ESL (English as a Second Language).I would like to say that the following mentioned English dictionary is an English English Dictionary ("English-English Dictionary"), not including the bilingualized, English Chineseand Chinese English dictionary.The field of English English dictionary has been published in British publishing company in the world. The most famous is the following 5: Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary "(" Oxford dictionary "high order), Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (" Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English "), Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary" ("Cambridge Advanced English learning dictionary"), Collins Cobuild Advanced Learner s English Dictionary ("" Collins English Dictionary "), senior Macmillan English Dictionary (" Mcmillan English Dictionary "). These 5 dictionaries are good at each other, and along with the development of the times, the dictionary is attached to the CD dictionary, which provides more convenience for us.1, Oxford, Advanced, Learner 's Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as OALD)This is one of the most influential dictionaries for English learners in china. Compiled in the 40s of the last century, before 80s, it has been in the position of "martial arts supremacy" in the ESL dictionary. In 1988, the Commercial Press published by the University of Oxford granted in the mainland published "Oxford Advanced English Chinese Dictionary" (Third Edition). In 1994, the title was renamed "Oxford AdvancedLearner dictionary", this version is based on the 1989 publication of the fourth edition prepared length than the third version increased by more than 50%, richer, more practical and more suitable for non English speaking countries the majority of English learners' needs. However, theshortcomings of this version are also obvious, that is, only English and Chinese versions, which seriously affect learners' initiative in explaining English in english.Fortunately, in 2003, the original introduction of University of Oxford Press 2000 launch of the OALD sixth edition, and published. This version of the learning dictionary is widely used, and the principles of simplicity and interpretation are excellent,For the original interpretation of the 3500 words to 3000 words in the sixth edition, deleting a rate of 1/7. According to the latest research results of corpus linguistics, the selection included 4500 new words and new meanings of words, and a total of up to 80 thousand.2, Longman, Dictionary, of, Contemporary, English (hereinafter referred to as LDOCE)If the OALD is Yuchang geochilmaru, then LDOCE is able to contend with the Heavenly Sword, which is the most frequently used dictionary. As a publishing industry leader, Pearson (Longman) will not only satisfied with their products and University of Oxford press products tied, so LDOCE series killer is the CD attached with the paper version (imported version is not included). The first sense of use is - * * *! Done too beautiful, accustomed to Kingsoft interface, and so on, first saw LDOCE electronic version, as if used to run two of the computer, suddenly upgraded to Ben four, and really a bit not adapt.As the word "compose", there are 5 definitions and 8 examples, and the phonetic symbols are distinguished from the English and American sounds. There are 2 synonyms (consist, of, make, up) and phrases (be, composed, of, something, compose, a,letter/poem/speech, compose, yourself, compose, your,face/features/thoughts). The CD version included in the paper contains different pronunciations of English and American sounds, and can even record their pronunciation for comparison. There are Word origin, and another Verb form contains various variations of compose as a verb. Phrase bank can find relevant phrases to help write, and Example bank provides about 30 examples for reference. It is easy to see that LDOCE is superior to OALD in terms of the interpretation and use of pure words.So if you are a frequent English learner, then it is highly recommended that you install an electronic version of LDOCE. LDOCE's original dictionary can be purchased in foreign language bookstores, or can also be purchased online, cheaper about 200 yuan to buy. In addition to the value added CDs, you will find that the original version is about 60% lighter than the original version. As a daily learning dictionary, the original LDOCE is the best choice.3, Cambridge, Advanced, Learner 's Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as CALD)Competition between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge has been fierce since thirteenth Century. From the word "compose", the interpretation of CALD is exactly the same as that of OALD, four definitions, one synonym and two phrases. And its CD-ROM version of the British and Americanpronunciation, respectively, there is a "Verb Endings" lists the verb, all personal, word segmentation and tense changes, very detailed. Another unusual place is the Common Learner Error, which points out the mistakes often made by learners in this word and is of great use for reference. And Smart Thesaurus function can quickly find a large number of synonyms, synonyms, translation and writing are very helpful.By the end of 2005, New Oriental and CUP introduced the first edition of the CALD second edition, which was priced at 1/3:160 yuan (with an electronic disc), while the original version was priced at $29. This version is the best introduction I've ever seen, or is it the latest edition that is closest to the original one?. In addition to the printed style and the original consistent, the choice of paper is also very close to the original, so the weight of the whole dictionary is much lighter than the introduction of LDOCE, OALD and so on. More importantly, for the first time, the original version comes with an original disc. Predictably, the introduction of the CALD version for dictionary learning domestic oligopoly market brought a new force, the future will inevitably form a situation of tripartite confrontation situation.4, Collins, Cobuild, Advanced, Learner, s, English, Dictionary, (hereinafter referred to as Collins Cobuild)If in the most intense competition is Oxford and Cambridge press, and then FLTRP contends is Shanghai foreign language education press in China (SFLEP). An introduction of the classic LDOCE, SFLEP is introduced as the classic Collins Cobuild. But unfortunately, foreign teachers in 2000 introduced thisedition is the second edition of the Collins series, including vocabulary in about 75000, the price is as high as 170 yuan. However, the updated version of the Third Edition (2001) was originally sold at the Wangfujing foreign language bookstore in Beijing for just 120 yuan, and the Fourth Edition (2004) sold for only 136 yuan (with a CD attached). Therefore, the author's suggestion is to choose the original edition, but also the third edition. The reason, of course, is not because it costs less than a dozen dollars, but because the fourth edition reduces the amount of information about explaining examples by about 20%. It is the third edition with 5 square - - - - - to mark the fourth edition of word frequency, reduced to 3 - - - a square, the accuracy decreased.The Collins Cobuild series has always been the authentic authentic English corpus of The Bank of (English). These come from common English in real life and in the media, including spoken, written, British and American english. Receive more than 110 thousand words, including the evolution of some words and 16 thousand antonyms. More than 105 thousand real examples reflect the exact meaning and use of each word. In format, the unique version of Collins Cobuild third is the grammar column next to the text, highlighting individual grammar, pragmatics, intonation, part of speech, frequency of use, all of which are more substantial than the previous version. In addition, each word is divided into sections of interpretation, usage, and easy access to make the format clearer.Still in the case of compose, in the third edition, marked as the frequency that there is no movement, said the written language is not very common. There are 5 definitions, and 24synonyms of 4 interpretations are given. Different from the above 3 dictionaries is that Collins Cobuild has maintained his British descent, although marked English pronunciation sounds different, but in the CD version can only hear British English pronunciation. In addition, the CD-ROM version also lists a dozen words included in the interpretation of compose, such as formula, Saga and so on. The most surprising thing is that the word "compose" actually lists 30 examples. In the latest fifth edition, the CD-ROM version of WordBank gives a staggering 71, which can be regarded as an invincible weapon for translation and writing.In January 2006, Collins Cobuild launched a series of fifth edition, is by far the most new learning dictionary, which also keeps pace with the times included some new words, such as blog, MP3, Player, iPod, Google, tsunami, bird, flu etc.. If you don't particularly care about these new words and CDs Attached to your dictionary, believe that the Collins Cobuild third edition is your best choice.5, Macmillan, English, Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as MED)MED (Macmillan and Co, a veteran British publishing firm, is a corpus of World English Corpus, which uses 2500 words to explain all entries. But the examples are not like the original version of Collins Cobuild, but rather need to be adapted appropriately to fit the level of non-native speakers. There are many innovative places, such as the use of double color printing, the key content is often marked with red: some of the commonly used words are often an entry accounted for a largespace, so the entry with the red blocks listed the "easy to check list (menu), let us quickly and accurately find the definition needed in addition; MED is clearly divided into the core vocabulary of about 7500 words (core or productive vocabulary (infrequent) and or receptive in word vocabulary), the core vocabulary appears red, with an asterisk, definition and interpretation is very detailed, by definition and explanation of vocabulary is brief and clear. The entry also contains the usage of metaphor (metaphor) that let learners can experience the depth of English speakers why expression patterns like that, it is the other English dictionaries do not have. In addition, MED is divided into English and English versions, especially for those who need to study the differences between British English and American english.Three, to participate in the GRE, GMAT exam students:GRE examination for the students' vocabulary is about 22 thousand, which is more than the average American vocabulary, so that our first choice is no longer learning dictionary, but English is used by native speakers of the dictionary, Webster's Dictionary (Webster s Dictionary). Webster's dictionary there are more than 20 versions of the popular 3 kinds:Merrian-Webster s Dictionary (MAI Lin, Random House Webster Dictionary) "s Dictionary (Landon house, Webster's dictionary and Webster) s New International Dictionary" (New World Dictionary). One of the most authoritative, but also the official ETS designated GRE reference dictionary is the first kind of Merrian-Webster 's Collegiate Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as MWCD).This dictionary is quite common in the original China, almost all of the foreign language bookstore are sold, and 160 yuan can be high quality and inexpensive, generally take, also comes with a cd. This dictionary has more than 165 thousand vocabularies, which is beyond the scope of the GRE examination. Since it is a dictionary used by native speakers of English, this dictionary uses about 6000 words to explain it. So if there is no 10000 vocabulary, use this dictionary will be very painful: often when look up a word in the definition will find some words do not know, but also look up these new words; results may encounter more new words,As a result, the whole book was turned over. When you study in Merriam Webster dictionary, you should pay special attention to synonyms or antonyms marked in capitals, in addition to knowing the exact English definitions of words. As the word "compose", MWCD gives five synonyms -- fashion, constitute, produce, calm, and settle -- all of the usual meanings in the reverse and filling of the GRE class.The disadvantage of MWCD is also obvious, that is, it is not easy to carry. In fact, GRE candidates can use their substitutes - The, Merrian-Webster, Dictionary. The dictionary is based on MWCD and reduces vocabulary to 75000, which has fully met the needs of GRE candidates. The price is also very reasonable, basically around 40 yuan.PS: "Oxford AdvancedLearner dictionary", from high school to university I have been using this dictionary, but there is no real good read, a little Bo Tim Tin Mat, ha ha。
