杭州师范大学2014年《241二外德语》考研专业课真题试卷

初试德语水平1.单选（一共十道，有七八个是词义辨析，记得有一个是absehen 和übersehen还有什么sehen 诸如此类，大部分词都可以在高德课本上找到，但是不仅限于课本上的词义辨析）2.填空（填关系代词der, deren,denen等，记忆中我填了好几个deren）3.填连词（记得有obwohl, nachdem,）4.介词填空5.连线（熟语，有关身体部位的）6.选词填空（一共两篇，每篇都给出十个词，动词，名词，形容词都有，注意形式）7.用连词把两个句子连成一个句子（比如Es gibt einen Tisch. Auf dem Tisch steht eine Flasche.）8.直陈式改虚拟式（7、8题虽然很简单，但是题目很多，我记得这两个题我就写了三四页）9.阅读第一篇（只记得是有个人想刺杀希特勒）（1）判断（2）解释几个文中出现的单词还有（3）（4）想不起来了第二篇（关于某个哲学家的）判断翻译写作1.德译汉（文学方面，只记得有个人叫Sabine，穿过车水马龙的人群，走进一家咖啡厅.....凝望窗外.....）2.汉译德（北岛《父亲》节选）自八十年代起，我和父亲的地位颠倒过来——他对我几乎言听计从，至少口是心非。

我们从未真正平等过，有时我多想跟他成为朋友，说说心里话什么的，但发现这不可能。

其实，几乎每个中国男人心中都有个小暴君，且角色复杂：在社会上小暴君基本是衙役顺民，不越雷池一步，“人阔脸就变”，对手下对百姓心狠手毒，这在历代造反者身上尤其明显，关键是转换自如，无须过渡；在家中小暴君必是主宰，无平等可言，不仅老婆孩子，甚至连男主人都在其股掌中。

直到我成为父亲，才意识到这暴君意识来自血液来自文化深处，根深蒂固，离经叛道者如我也在所难逃。

回望父亲的人生道路，我辨认出自己的足迹，亦步亦趋，交错重合——这一发现让我震惊。

3 作文（人文科学的意义>400词）复试笔试（语言学）给出一篇文章（ＥｉｎＴｒａｕｍｗｕｒｄｅｗａｈｒ）（１）写出七个以上的德语词类名称，用文中单词举例（10分）（２）写出文中单词用到的构词法，举例，说明如何构成的（10分）（３）选了文章的第三段，翻译成汉语，并比较汉语和德语的区别（用完整句子，至少三个区别）（４）分析文章的Perspektive写作视角（50分）面试（文学）阐释Kafka的寓言《猫和鼠》，进去之前会把寓言给你，前一个同学的考试时间就是自己的准备时间，(1)Stellen Sie sich kurz vor(2)Intepretieren Sie die Fabel(3)大学期间是否度过Kafka的作品(4)是否学过文学相关课程(5)针对你对寓言的阐释问几个问题，比如为什么这样看，你认为寓言中猫和鼠象征什么，为什么等等（其实可能是因为我本身对寓言的理解就是完全错误的，教授才会那么问我，对我做了很多引导，但是最终我还是没理解，他就说了一句，回家再慢慢想吧）(6)可以出去了，叫下一位。

杭州师范大学2014年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：718考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。

I. Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given).Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us, without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of automated transport. They are indeed (1) w________ which we often take for (2) g________. No. The universal wonder we share and experience is our (3) a________ to make noises with our mouths, and so (4) t__________ ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. In other words, that wonder is our ability to fashion (5) l________. This ability comes so naturally we are apt to forget what a miracle (6) i________ is.Obviously, the ability to (7) t________ is something that marks humans off from (8) a________. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Bats home in on flying insects that are their food by (9) m________ of a sophisticated sound system. Birds can (10) n________ thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the (11) s________ in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s talent show, humans are a species of animals that have (12) d________ their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it is a knack for communicating (13) i________ to others, by varying (14) s________ we make as we breathe out.Not that we do not have other powers of communication. Out facial (15) e________ convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way wehold our heads can (16) i________ to others (17) w________ we are happy or downcast. This is so-called “(18) b________ language”, and to some (19) e________ we are no different from other animals in this (20) r________. Bristling fur is an unmistakable warning of aggression among many (21) c________. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to (22) t________ second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of (23) c________ is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, (24) i________ acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings (25) a________ this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our (26) b________ where speech mechanisms (27) f________, but this doesn’t tell us how that (28) p________ of our bodies originated in our biological history. It is (29) t________ to think that for our human ancestors acquiring the power of speech was all a (30) m________ of competition.II. Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共60分)Directions:There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:One of the first men to make a commercial success of food conservation was Henry John Heinz. In 1869 he founded a company in Pittsburgh, USA. Like other Americans of his generation, Heinz made his name a household word throughout the western world. At last, man seems to have discovered how to preserve food without considerably altering its taste. The tins of food (Heinz tins!) which Captain Scott abandoned in the Antarctic were opened 47 years after his death, and the contents were not only edible, but pleasant.The main argument against conserved foods is not that the canning of food makes it taste different; rather, people complain that the recipes which the canning chefs dream up are tedious or tasteless. But any recipe is tedious or tasteless if it is eaten in great quantities. And a company like Heinz can only produce something if it is going to be eaten in great quantities. The tomato is very pleasant to eat when it is freshly picked.A regular diet of tomatoes alone could well prove tedious. The canning companies try to cook the tomato in as many ways as possible. The Heinz factories in Britain use millions and millions of tomatoes every year.There are many people who do not like to eat food out of season. They like their food to be fresh, and they like to cook it themselves in “the old-fashioned way”. It is very difficult for modern man to realize what it is like to live without the advantages of pre-packaged and canned food. European society in its present form could not cope without modern methods of food processing. Imagine your local supermarket without all the cans of pre-packaged foods. The supermarket would turn into a chaos of rotten vegetables, stale bread and unhealthy meat. The health problems would be insurmountable, unless we all went into the country to support ourselves.So next time you reject canned food as being tasteless or unimaginative, remember that you can only afford to eat fresh food because canned food exists.1. In which way was Henry John Heinz successful?[A] He achieved a commercial success of food preservation.[B] He sold his home-made food to Captain Scott.[C] Divisions of his company were extended throughout the world.[D] He sailed around the world and reached the Antarctic.2. The main disadvantage of conserved food is __________.[A] the alteration in taste[B] the relatively high price[C] the mass-production[D] the tedious or tasteless recipes3. Why do some people especially dislike canned food?[A] They know how to preserve food in their own way.[B] They like food freshly picked.[C] They dislike foods that are made to a traditional recipe.[D] They do not like canning chefs.4. What would happen if there were no canned food?[A] The modern society would not function properly.[B] Health problems would never be solved.[C] People would have no food supply and starve to death.[D] Foods in the supermarket would become stale.5. What is the writer’s attitude toward canned food?[A] Approving.[B] Negative.[C] Indifferent.[D] Neutral.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:To understand why the current process for training teachers is so broken, let’s use a business example. Imagine two companies. Company A hires the best people it can. Those who are hired are paid and promoted based on performance. This is not easy, as it’s often hard to determine who is really doing a good job. The compensation and promotion process is prone to politics and personal preferences.Still, most people at Company A recognize that there is a connection between pay and productivity. The true superstars get recognized eventually. Those who come to work but never contribute are fired eventually.Company B also seeks to hire the best people it can. First, all prospective employees must undertake two years of full-time specialized training, at their own expense, just to be considered for a job. Study after study has shown that this training has zero connection to subsequent performance at the firm, but Company B sticks to this screening mechanism anyway.Second, all employees eventually hired by Company B are paid based on their years of experience at the firm. Finally, Company B promises that no one who has worked at the company for three years or more will ever be fired, even if their performance is mediocre or poor.In Company B, employees who come to work and don’t actually work may get fired. The superstars get nothing extra. They aren’t paid more or promoted faster, since pay is strictly tied to years on the job.As you may have guessed, Company B is public education. Company A is the rest of the economy. That’s not news. Much has been written about the broken incentives within education. But this discussion almost always focuses on how compensation practices affect the incentives of existing teachers.That makes sense—but it also misses a crucial point. The worst aspect of thepublic education pay structure is that it discourages motivated, productive, energetic people from entering the profession in the first place.What’s more, despite a steady flow of evidence that our current teacher training requirements have essentially no correlation with performance in the classroom, most states continue to insist that prospective teachers undertake expensive and time-consuming courses. That, too, is a huge deterrent for bright young people who might otherwise be attracted to teaching.6. Which of the following is TRUE about Company A?[A] Those who contribute a lot will hardly be recognized.[B] Employees get promoted according to their performance.[C] Politics and preferences play decisive roles in one’s promotion.[D] Those who work poorly will continue to stay in the company.7. Employees of Company B will __________.[A] work at least three years for the company[B] take specialized training at their own expenses[C] try to have the best performance to be promoted[D] get paid according to the years they work for the company8. What does the “this screening mechanism” (Para. 3) refer to?[A] Whether the prospective employees have the best performance.[B] Whether the prospective employees have the best qualifications.[C] Whether the prospective employees are hard working or not.[D] Whether the prospective employees have taken a specialized training.9. What does the author think about the current process for training teachers?[A] It affects the behavior of teachers.[B] It provides fewer chances for talented people.[C] It makes bright young people unwilling to be a teacher.[D] It has great influence on the subsequent performance of teachers.10. The word “deterrent” (Para. 8) most probably means __________.[A] threat[B] decision[C] condition[D] discouragement杭州师范大学2016年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：724考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。