非谓语的用法总结
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非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式,它不具备人称和数的特征,并不直接表达动作的主体,而是依附于其他句子成分,用来修饰名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。
非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。
一、不定式(infinitive)是一种基本的非谓语动词形式,它的形态是“to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。
例如:1. 作主语:To learn a new language is never too late.学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。
2. 作宾语:I want to visit Paris in the spring.我想在春天去巴黎旅游。
3. 作定语:The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。
4. 作表语:His dream is to become a famous musician.他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
5. 作同位语:Her wish is for everyone to be happy.她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词(gerund)是名词化的动词,它的形态是动词的现在分词形式(V-ing),可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
例如:1. 作主语:Swimming is good for your health.游泳对身体健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:He enjoys playing basketball in his free time.他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
3. 作定语:I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon.我今天下午有个与老板的会议。
4. 作表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
非谓语动词的用法总结动词不定式(一) 时态1. 一般式动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时或之后的行为。
如: I want to have a restI plan to attend the meeting 2. 完成式不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为。
如:I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3进展式不定式的动作假如同谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生那么使用不定式的进展式。
如: They seemed to be talking about something important. 4. 完成进展式不定式的完成进展式表示在谓语动词之前已经发生,并且一直进展着的动作。
如: He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. 〔二〕动词不定式用法:1. 作主语To master English gives us much help in the study of science 2. 作宾语I want to leave here soon. He pretended to be a doctor. 3. 作表语The most important thing is to study hard. 4. 作宾语补足语不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have no time to talk with her. 6. 作状语不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
I came here to learn from you ( 目的) I ’m very glad to heard the news。
〔原因〕 He is old enough to go to school.(结果) To look at him ,you can’t help laughing.Notes:7. 不定式的复合构造。
英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳非谓语动词在句子中能够作主语,宾语,定语,状语,补语和表语六种。
现依照在句子中的成分不同把它们归纳成六类。
主语doing;主动的,抽象的,规律性的,一样的,连续性的动作,其被动态being doneto do;主动,具体的,一次性的,短暂性的,尚未发生的动作,其被动态to be doneEg; Reading calls for patience and perseverance.To have a walk along the river after supper is such fun.3.注意;①to do 经常用it作形式主语替代逻辑主语放在句首,而真正的逻辑主语放在句末。
其一样形式有a.it’s +adj+to do sth b.it +vt +o(宾语)+ to do sth。
Eg; It’s important to have a good eye sight ,as it’s known to us .It took me 3 days to finish the task.②it作形式主语替代doing的几个结构;it’s no use/useless . it’s waste of time .it’s no good 等。
Eg; It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收③范例;(1)to the sun for too long contributes to the harm to t he skin.A .Being exposed B.Exposed C.Having exposed D.To exposed解析;选A。
可能误选B。
误认句子缺少状语,但观看能够发觉若是作状语的话,那么句子就没有主语了。
判定方法;划分句子的主谓宾。
动名词的复合结构;one’s doing /being doneEg.My sister’s being ill made us all worried =That my sister was il l made us all worried.迁移;若主语与to do中的do 存在动宾关系,且形容词是hard. diffic ult 之类的,那么do用主动态表示被动态。
英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)一、单项选择非谓语动词1After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he'd begun, ashamed athaving .so little to show for his wanderings.runningbeing run BA..having runCto run D..D【答案】【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。
句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自run out of “”he在逻辑上是主动关己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。
与主语用光,耗尽returnhaving run ofD。
故系,且表示的动作明显发生在之前,所以用现在分词的完成时选项正确。
【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。
首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。
其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。
再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。
其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。
he,returned, run out of “”与主语用光,耗尽分析句子可知,本句的主语为为非谓语谓语为hereturn的之前,所以用现在分词的完成在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在Dhaving run of选项正确。
故时2At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ________ in a small apartment near Bostonand .__________what to do about his future.lived; wonderingliving; wondering BA..living; wonderedlived; wondered DC..A【答案】【解析】,At the age of 29,D was a worker.所以后面要这是完整句子试题分析:现在分词做伴随状语,. . and,主要注意用现在分词,现在分词的主语就是主句用分词结构显然是两个并列分词有29DAVE岁时是一名工人,的主语,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
非谓语动词的用法和句子结构上的作用非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词,但没有表示主语的性质或时间的范畴。
它们可以是动词的不定式、动名词或分词形式。
非谓语动词在句子中具有多种作用,如修饰名词、修饰动词等,对句子的表达和意思起到重要影响。
本文将介绍非谓语动词的用法以及在句子结构中的作用。
一、非谓语动词的用法1. 动词不定式(to + 动词原形):动词不定式可用作名词、形容词或副词的修饰成分。
例句1:To study is important for academic success.(动词不定式作主语)例句2:I have a lot of homework to do tonight.(动词不定式作定语)例句3:She went to the library to find a book.(动词不定式作目的状语)2. 动名词(动词+ing):动名词可以作主语、宾语和介词宾语等。
例句1:Playing basketball is my favorite hobby.(动名词作主语)例句2:He enjoys swimming in the sea.(动名词作宾语)例句3:I'm looking forward to seeing you.(动名词作介词宾语)3. 分词(动词原形+ing和过去分词):分词可以用作形容词或副词的修饰成分。
例句1:The book falling from the shelf startled me.(现在分词作形容词)例句2:He was exhausted after running a marathon.(现在分词作形容词)例句3:The broken vase needs to be replaced.(过去分词作形容词)二、非谓语动词在句子结构上的作用1. 修饰名词:非谓语动词可以用来修饰名词,使句子更具描述力和表达力。
例句1:I have a friend studying abroad.(现在分词修饰名词)例句2:The book to be published next month is highly anticipated.(不定式修饰名词)例句3:The girl running in the park is my sister.(动名词修饰名词)2. 修饰动词:非谓语动词可以用来修饰主要动词,起到进一步解释和补充的作用。
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,一般包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词有着特定的用法和功能,能够在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分。
下面将对非谓语动词的用法做一个总结。
一、动词不定式(to + 动词原形)1. 作主语:To learn is important for everyone.学习对每个人来说都很重要。
2. 作宾语:I want to go shopping.我想去购物。
3. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.学习英语的最佳方法就是练习口语。
5. 作状语:She went to the library to borrow some books.她去图书馆借些书。
二、动名词(Ving形式)1. 作主语:Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。
3. 作表语:Her favorite hobby is drawing.她最喜欢的爱好是画画。
4. 作定语:I saw a man reading a newspaper in the park.我看到一个在公园里读报纸的人。
5. 作状语:She improved her English by practicing every day.她通过每天练习提高了她的英语。
三、分词(普通形式:Ving形式或者过去分词形式)1. 作定语:The smiling girl is my sister.那个笑着的女孩是我的妹妹。
2. 作补语:I saw him running in the race.我看到他在比赛中奔跑。
英语非谓语动词用法非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)一般来说,不定式做主语多表示一次性、具体性动作。
动名词做主语常表经常性、抽象性动作。
Looking after the children is her job.To clean the classroom is his job today.Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
非谓语动词的分类及用法总结非谓语动词是指不具备谓语功能的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句中作不同的成分,具有丰富的用法和特点。
本文将对非谓语动词的分类及其用法进行总结。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
不定式一般由动词原形加上“to”构成,也有少数动词不加“to”。
分类:1. 基本不定式:- 例句:I want to go to the movies tonight.(我今晚想去看电影)2. 省略to的不定式:- 例句:Let me help you.(让我来帮你)3. 完全不定式(动词+不定式符号to):- 例句:I want you to listen to me.(我希望你听我说)用法:1.作主语:- 例句:To learn a foreign language requires patience.(学习外语需要耐心)2.作宾语:- 例句:I like to play tennis.(我喜欢打网球)3.作宾语补足语:- 例句:He made her cry. (他使她哭了)4.作定语:- 例句:I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做)5.作状语:- 例句:He came to borrow some money.(他来借些钱)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词的一种非限定形式,具有名词特点,一般以动词原形加上“-ing”构成。
分类:1. 一般动名词:- 例句:Walking helps keep you healthy.(散步有助于保持健康)2. 所有格形式动名词:- 例句:I appreciate his helping me.(我感激他帮助我)用法:1.作主语:- 例句:Swimming is good for you.(游泳对你有好处)2.作宾语:- 例句:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书)3.作宾语补足语:- 例句:I heard him singing in the shower.(我听见他在洗澡时唱歌)4.作定语:- 例句:She likes playing the piano.(她喜欢弹钢琴)5.作状语:- 例句:He learned English by watching movies.(他通过看电影学英语)三、分词(Participle)分词是动词的一种非限定形式,具有形容词和副词的特点,一般以动词原形加上“-ing”或“-ed”构成。
⾮谓语动词的⽤法归纳⾮谓语动词Non-Finite Verb I ⾮谓语的三种形式II 本章要点I⾮谓语语法点分述⼀、不定式to do1.不定式结构作主语To see is to believe.It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.a.在很多情况下,特别是在⼝语中,常采⽤先⾏it代替主语,⽽把不定式后置:It’s a great pleasure to be here.It is not an easy thing to master a language.★区分⽤法★1)直接⽤不定式做主语的句⼦显得更加正式。
2)如主语和表语都是to do,则只能采⽤第⼀种形式。
对敌⼈仁慈就是对⼈民残忍。
3)如是疑问句或感叹句,则只能采⽤第⼆种形式。
What is it like to be there?What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!b.⽤It is+形容词作表语时,由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
(1)for sb.句型中的形容词⼀般为表⽰事物的特征特点,表⽰客观形式的形容词,如:difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。
.(2)of sb.句型中的形容词⼀般为表⽰性格、品德、⼼智能⼒,表⽰主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★⼩试⾝⼿★1)To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.2)对他来说,学两门外语是很困难的。
3)你能这么说很有礼貌。
★真题试炼★1)It’s important _____ the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing2)It’s wrong _____ her like that.A. of you to treatB. for you to treatC. of you treatingD. for you treating2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往⼀是条件,⼀是结果),如:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语★⼩试⾝⼿★1)了解⼀个⼈最好的⽅法是和他/她⽣活⼀段时间.2)你有什么可以吃的东西吗?3)许多⽼⼈找不到可以安度晚年的地⽅.5.不定式结构作状语基本⽤法:不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等表⽰⽬的、原因、结果、条件等。
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。
不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。
一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
如:Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2)用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。
.。
.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。
.。
浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so。
It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。
不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。
一•作主语(动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
如:Play ing with fire is dan gerous.玩火危险。
(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dan gerous 玩火会发生危险。
2)用动名词做主语的句型:It ' s no use/no gpodasure doing sth 做没有用处/好处/乐趣It ' s a waste of time doing sth...浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is worth making an appo in tme nt before you g去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 女口considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong 等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so.It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish well.It is a must/ a n ecessity for us to have a good comma nd of the En glish Ian guage.4)“Wh- + to不定式”可做主语。
女口:When to leave hasri t been decided ye什么时候动身还没定呢。
Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。
5)一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:Seeing is believi ng.= To see is to believe 见为实。
Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数)。
如:Lying and stealing are immoral说谎与盗窃是不道德的。
6)动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。
女口:——What made him an gry?----- Mary ' s /My/His/Hei/Their/ The boy ' s/ The preside nt '(mdratenlgirlialangry.7)过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上bei ng,构成动名词,做主语。
如:Reing ex posed to the sujs harmful to the skinBeing examined twice a year ,whether it is a car, a bus or a trdck, is the rule that every driver mustobey in this city经典练习:1. It' s important for the figures ________ (update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter _____ (rema in)sile nt.3. It' s really stupid of you _______ (tell) him the news yesterday so it has been disturbinghim all the time.4. _________ (un dersta nd)your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is as importa nt aslear ning to convey your affect ion and emoti ons.5. _________ (worry) about your grades dodsn help.6. The engine just wont start. Someth ing seems ___ (go) wrong with it.参考答案:1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改错题:一个句子最多有一处错误1. It's standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid tech niq ues will help you resp ond quickly to emerge ncies.4. Do well in an in terview will be an importa nt part of gett ing a place at uni versity.5. He told us whether have a pic nic was still un der discussi on.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案:1.在employ 前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing4. Do 改为Doi ng5. have 前加to6. preve nt 前加to.二. 作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如:The Brow ns have a comfortable house live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况:a. 不定式表将来如:The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any,the only等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系,女口:He wasthe best manto do the job.She wasthe first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有:promise, pla n,attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, cha nee, war ning, an xiety, eager ness,willi ngn ess, readi ness 等I don' t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no pla n to go there.He made an attempt to sta nd up.Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语:V+ing可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征;过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语:the boili ng/ boiled water.正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成)a good-look ing flower. 一朵好看的花儿(表特征)the develop ing coun tries/ the developed coun trie发展中国家/发达国家the falli ng leaves / the falle n leave正在下落的叶子/ 落叶the remaining mon ey/ the money le剩下的钱注意:英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…••的”,过去分词形式表示“感到…•的”如:an excit ing voice 一个令人兴奋的声音an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression —个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression一个困惑的表情4) 区别下列后置定语的用法:r to be done表示被动、将来;do ne表示被动、完成;S being done表示被动、正在进行;v+ing表示主动;'动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look和变化系动词就只有用V+ ing形式。
Have you read the noveWritten by Dicke ns?Liste n! The son gbeing sung is very popular with stude nts.The questionto be discussedattomorrow ' s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicious sells well.注意:不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的;having dong 或者having been done —般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成。