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制药工程专业英语Unit 1production of drugs P1单词Compound 化合物intermediate 中间产物alkaloids 生物碱enzymes酶peptide 肽hormones 荷尔蒙modification 修饰chloramphenicol 氯霉素metabolites 代谢物substitute 替代品derivative衍生物active 活性absorption 吸收extraction 提取Recombinant 重组insulin 编码neuroactive 神经活性start materials 起始原料recrystallization 重结晶methanol 甲醇Ethanol 乙醇isopropanol 异丙醇butanol 丁醇benzene 苯翻译Known examples are the enzymatic cleavage of racemates of N-acetyl-D, L-amino acids to give L-amino acids, the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from benzylpenicillin by means of penicillinamidase and the aspartase-catalysed stereospecific addition of ammonia to fumaric acid in order to produce L-aspartic acid.著名的例子是对N -乙酰- D，L -氨基酸消旋给予L -氨基酸酶裂解，从青霉素生产8 -氨基青霉烷酸的青霉素酰胺酶手段和天冬氨酸酶，催化氨立体除了富马酸为了酸生产L -天门冬氨酸。
Reading material 1 p7Antagonist 抑制剂receptor 受体clinical investigation 临床研究antibacterial抗菌的inhibition 抑制mercurial 水银dominate 占主导Unit 3 chemotherapy: an introduction P29单词chemotherapy化学治疗superstition 迷信pathogenic 致病的翻译The activity of the arsenical drugs is explained as due to a blocking of essential thiol groups.For example, lipoic acid dehydrogenase contains two cysteine molecules, while are kept near each other by folding of the molecule. As a result, an arsenical can react with these thiol groups and inactivate the molecule, as show in equation.对含砷药物活性被解释为由于阻塞必不可少的巯基。
Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes, inorganic and organic. Inorg anic compounds are defined as molecules, usually small, that typically lack carbon and in which io nic bonds may play an important role. Inorganic compounds include water, oxygen, carbon dioxid e, and many salts, acids, and bases.生物学家和化学家分裂成两个主要种类化合物、无机和有机。
无机化合物被定义为分子,通常小,通常缺乏的碳离子束缚,那么它就能起到重要的作用。
无机化合物包括水、氧气、二氧化碳和许多盐、酸、和根据地。
All living organisms require a wide variety of inorganic compounds for growth, repair, maintenan ce, and reproduction. Water is one of the most important, as well as one of the rmost abundant, of t hese compounds, and it is particularly vital to microorganisms. Outside the cell, nutrients are disso lved in water, which facilitates their passage through cell membranes. And inside the cell , water is the medium for most chemical reactions. In fact, water is by far the most abundant component of almost all living cells. Water makes up 5% to 95% or more of each cell, the average being betwee n 65% and 75%. Simply stated, no organism can survive without water 所有生物体需要多种无机化合物的增长、维修、维护、和繁衍。
Unit 11.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be splitinto three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Naturalproducts ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。
2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds ofgroups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。
本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。
3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents are lessimportant.然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。
4.they can serve as valuable lead structures,and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。
5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。
Apparatus--A specification for a definite size or type of container or apparatus in a test or assay is given solely as a recommendation, Where volumetric flasks or other exact measuring, weighing, or sorting devices are specified, this or other equipment of at least equivalent accuracy shall be employed. 仪器——为了一个明确的尺寸或规格类型的容器或设备在测验或分析给出了建议,纯粹,在培养皿或其他精确测量体积、计量、或排序装置是在合同中规定的;这个或其他设备至少应当使用等效精度。
Where low-actinic or light-resistant containers are specified, clear containers that have been rendered opague by application of a suitable coating r wrapping may be used. Where an instrument for physical measurement, such as a spectrophotometer, is speci fied in a test or assay by its distinctive name, another instrument of equivalent or greater sensitivity and accuracy may be used. In order to obtain solutions having concentrations that are adaptable to the working range of the instrument being used, solutions of proportionate. ly higher or lower concentrations may be prepared according to the solvents and proportions there of that are specified for the procedurecu .仪器——为了一个明确的尺寸或规格类型的容器或设备在测验或分析给出了建议,纯粹,在培养皿或其他精确测量体积、计量、或排序装置是在合同中规定的;这个或其他设备至少应当使用等效精度。
制药工程专业英语--1单元Unit 11.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be splitinto three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Naturalproducts ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。
2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compoundsof groups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。
本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。
3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents areless important.然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。
4.they can serve as valuable lead structures, and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates fo r important synthetic products.它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。
5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。
生物制药专业英语English:Biopharmaceuticals, also known as biologic drugs, are medicinal products derived from living organisms or their components. These drugs are produced through biotechnological processes involving genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA technology, and cell culture techniques. Biopharmaceuticals encompass a wide range of products, including therapeutic proteins, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapies. Due to their complex nature and manufacturing process, biopharmaceuticals often require stringent regulation and specialized facilities for production. The development of biopharmaceuticals involves multiple stages, including discovery, preclinical research, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and commercialization. These drugs have revolutionized the treatment of various diseases, offering targeted therapies with high efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional pharmaceuticals.中文翻译:生物制药品，又称生物制剂，是从活体生物或其组成部分衍生出来的药品。
P131-Unit1314制药工程-专英作业1.Sterile product are dosage forms of therapeutic agents that are free of viable microorganismsTranslations:无菌产品是不含微生物活体的治疗剂型。
2.Principally，these include parenteral,ophthalmic,and irrigating preparations。
主要包括非肠道，眼药，冲洗制剂3.Of these , parenteral products are unique among dosage forms of drugs because they are injected through the skin or mucous membranes into internal body compartment.其中，肠外给药在药物剂型中是独特的，因为它们是通过皮肤或粘膜注射到体内的4.Thus, because they have circumvented the highly efficient first line of body defense, the skin and mucous membranes, they must be free from microbial, contamination and from toxic components as well as possess an exceptionally highly level of purity.因此，因为它们穿过了人体的第一道防线，皮肤和粘膜，所以它们必须没有微生物的污染和有毒成分，以及具有非常高的纯度水平。
5.原文：All compontents and processes involved in the preparation of these products must be selected and designed to eliminate,as much as possible, contamination of all types,whether of physical,chemical,or microbiologic origin.翻译：在产品制备中涉及的所有组分和工艺流程必须要筛选和设计以尽可能消除各种类型的污染，无论是来自物理的，化学的，还是微生物的。
生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试学院: 姓名:____________________班级: 学号:一、Translate the following terms into Chinese（1）agrochemical （6）fluidisation 农业化学的流态化（2）cytotoxic （7）periplasmic细胞毒素的原生质外的（3）pharmacognosy （8）cardiovascular生药学心血管的（4）toxicological （9）hepatic毒理学的肝脏的（5）bead （10）adaptability珠子，水珠适应性二、Translate the following terms into English（1）浓度（6）杂质concentration impurity（2）中性（7）成分与性状neutrality discription（3）极易溶解（8）药理作用very soluble phamacological actions（4）定量分析（9）气相色谱quantitative analysis gas chromatography（5）等当点（10）离子色谱equivalent point ion chromatograph三、Word Building（答够十个得满分）anti-antibiotic antibiotic抗生素；抗菌的antifoam 消泡剂antitussive止咳药antihistaminic抗组胺剂antineoplastic抗肿瘤的antidepressant抗抑郁剂antianginal抗心绞痛antibody抗体anticoagulant抗凝血剂antifoaming防沫的antifungal抗真菌的anti-infectives抗感染药物antioxidant抗氧剂antithrombin抗凝血酶antitode 解毒剂等四、Translate the following sentences into Chinese（1）Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes, inorganic and organic.生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。
4 Sample Sample must must must be be be treated treated treated with with with some some some organic organic organic solvent, solvent, solvent, previous previous previous to to to or or or simultaneously simultaneously simultaneously with with saponification or extraction process, in order to disrupt the structures where vitamin E can be associated to (membranes, lipoproteins, fat droplets . . . ), to eliminate interferences from big molecules molecules such such such as as as proteins or proteins or carbohydrates, carbohydrates, that that that are are are non-soluble non-soluble non-soluble in in in organic organic organic phases, phases, phases, and and to provide a medium in which analytes can be freely soluble. 样品在皂化或提取的时候，样品在皂化或提取的时候，或在此之前，或在此之前，必须用某些有机溶剂进行处理，必须用某些有机溶剂进行处理，其目的是为了破坏其目的是为了破坏VE 和细胞膜、脂蛋白、脂肪滴等之间的结合；消除蛋白质或碳水化合物等大分子的干扰，这些大分子在有机相中都是不可溶的；以及为被分析物提供能在其中充分溶解的介质。
A The Microbial WorldA microbe or microorganism is a member of a large , extremely diverse , group of organisms that are lumped together on the basis of one property-the fact that, normally, they are all that they cannot be seen without the use of a microscope. 细菌或微生物是一个大的、极其多样化、一个性质的集合在一起的生物体。
事实上,通常情况下,他们都说他们不使用显微镜不能观察到。
The word is therefore used to describe viruses bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae: the relative sizes and nature of these are shown in Table 5-1,因此,这个词是用来形容病毒细菌、真菌、原生动物和一些藻类相对大小和特性的显示于表格5:1,However, there are a few exceptions for example, the fruiting bodies of many fungi such as mushrooms are frequently visible to the naked eye；equally, some algae can grow to meters in length. Generally, microbes may be considered as fairly simple organisms.然而,有少数例外,例如,果期的尸体等许多真菌蘑菇经常是肉眼能看得见的;同样,有些藻类能长到米长。
Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes, inorganic and organic. Inorganic compounds are defined as molecules, usually small, that typically lack carbon and in which ionic bonds may play an important role. Inorganic compounds include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many salts, acids, and bases.生物学家和化学家分裂成两个主要种类化合物、无机和有机。
无机化合物被定义为分子,通常小,通常缺乏的碳离子束缚,那么它就能起到重要的作用。
无机化合物包括水、氧气、二氧化碳和许多盐、酸、和根据地。
All living organisms require a wide variety of inorganic compounds for growth, repair, maintenance, and reproduction. Water is one of the most important, as well as one of the rmost abundant, of these compounds, and it is particularly vital to microorganisms. Outside the cell, nutrients are dissolved in water, which facilitates their passage through cell membranes. And inside the cell , water is the medium for most chemical reactions. In fact, water is by far the most abundant component of almost all living cells. Water makes up 5% to 95% or more of each cell, the average being between 65% and 75%. Simply stated, no organism can survive without water 所有生物体需要多种无机化合物的增长、维修、维护、和繁衍。
Biologists?and?chemists?divide?compounds?into?two?principal?classes,?inorgan ic?and?organic.?Inorganic?compounds?are?defined?as?molecules,?usually?small, ?that?typically?lack?carbon?and?in?which?ionic?bonds?may?play?an?important?r ole.?Inorganic?compounds?include?water,?oxygen,?carbon?dioxide,?and?many?sal ts,?acids,?and?bases.??生物学家和化学家分裂成两个主要种类化合物、无机和有机。
无机化合物被定义为分子,通常小,通常缺乏的碳离子束缚,那么它就能起到重要的作用。
无机化合物包括水、氧气、二氧化碳和许多盐、酸、和根据地。
???All?living?organisms?require?a?wide?variety?of?inorganic?compounds?for?grow th,?repair,?maintenance,?and?reproduction.?Water?is?one?of?the?most?importan t,?as?well?as?one?of?the?rmost?abundant,?of?these?compounds,?and?it?is?parti cularly?vital?to?microorganisms.?Outside?the?cell,?nutrients?are?dissolved?i n?water,?which?facilitates?their?passage?through?cell?membranes.?And?inside? the?cell?,?water?is?the?medium?for?most?chemical?reactions.?In?fact,?water?i s?by?far?the?most?abundant?component?of?almost?all?living?cells.?Water?makes ?up?5%?to?95%?or?more?of?each?cell,?the?average?being?between?65%?and?75%.?S imply?stated,?no?organism?can?survive?without?water?所有生物体需要多种无机化合物的增长、维修、维护、和繁衍。
P117——14制药专英作业Unit111。
The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drugs for systemic effectsTranslations：口服给药是通过给药途径产生系统效应中最重要的方法。
2.Except in cases of Insulin therapy，the parenteral route is not routinely used for self—administration of medication除了胰岛素疗法之外，肠外给药途径通常不适用于患者自主用药。
3.The topic route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects ，with two classes of marketed products ：Nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.局部给药这种途径只是近年来才被用于把药物送到人体内从而产生系统效应,采用这种给药方式的药物有两种已经上市:用于治疗心绞痛的硝酸甘油酯和治疗晕动症的莨岩胺。
4.Other drugs are certain to follow ，but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.今后肯定还会有其他的药物相继出现，但是局部给药的途径在药物有效吸收从而产生药物系统效应方面仍有其局限性.5.原文：5The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies in which a subject is comatose or cannot swallow，and inproviding various types of maintenance therapy for hospitalized patients.在病人处于昏迷状态或病人不能吞咽的医疗急救处理中，肠外给药途径是很重要的，同时它也给住院的病人提供了各种不同类型的维持疗法。
As time passed ,the art of the apothecary became combined with priestly functions , and among the early civilizations the priest-magician or priest-physician became the healer of the body as well as of the soul . Pharmacy and medicine are indistinguishable in their early history , since their practice was generally the function of the tribal religious leaders.随
着随着时间的推移,药剂师的制造工艺以及结合祭司的功能,以及早期文明的药剂魔法或魔术师成为身体以及灵魂的治疗。
制药和医学在早期历史上是没有区别的,因为他们的做法通常是部落宗教领袖的功能。
civilizations n. 文明indistinguishable adj. 不能区别的，不能辨别的；不易察觉的
Early Drugs 早期的药品
Due to the patience and intellect of the archeologist ,the types and
the specific drugs employed in the early history of drug therapy are not as
indefinable as one might suspect .Numerous ancient tables ,scrolls,and
other relics dating as far back as 3000 B.C.have been uncovered and
deciphered by archeologic scholars to the delight of historians of both
medicine and pharmacy ,for contained in these ancient documents are
specific associations with our common heritage.
由于考古学家的耐心和智慧,早期使用的类型和特定的药物药物治疗的历史不像人们所怀疑的那样不确定，无数古老的表、卷轴和其他文物约在公元前3000年被发现和被考古学家破译，令人高兴的是在这些远古的文献中的历史学家医学和制药包含特定的药物是我们的共同遗产。
Perhaps the most famous of these surviving memorials Papyrus
Ebers ,a continuous scroll some 60 feet long and a foot wide dating back
to the 16th century before Christ. This document ,which is now preserved
at the University of Leipzig , is named for the noted German Egyptologis,George Ebers, who discovered it in the tomb of a mummy and partly translated it during the last half of the nineteenth century . Since that time many scholars have participated in the translation of the document’s challenging hieroglyphics, and although they are not unanimous in their interpretations there is little doubt that by 1550 B.C .the Egyptians were using some drug formulas ,with more than 800 formulas or prescriptions being described and over 700 different drugs being mentioned .The drugs referred to are chiefly botanic ,although mineral and animal drugs are also noted.Such currently used botanic drugs as acacia , castor bean （from which we express castor oil ）, and fennel are mentioned along with apparent references to such minerals as iron oxide ,sodium carbonate ,sodium chloride ,and sulfur.Animal excrements were also employed in drug therapy.
也许这些幸存的最著名的纪念碑纸《莎草·埃伯斯》,连续滚动大约60英尺长,一英尺宽,可追溯到16世纪在基督。
在这个文档之前,目前保存在莱比锡大学由著名的德国埃及古物学者乔治·埃伯斯所命名的,有人发现了一具木乃伊的坟墓,部分在19世纪后半叶翻译出来。
从那时起,许多学者参与的翻译文档是富有挑战性的象形文字,尽管他们有争议，但是他们没有怀疑,人们都知道。
在公元前1550年,埃及人使用一些药物配方,有超过800种处方和制备方法和超过700种不同的药物被提及,相关的药品大多数是植物,虽然矿产和动物药物也被提及.当前使用的植物药物比如有阿拉伯树胶,蓖麻(就是我们表达的蓖麻油),和茴香另外提到的一些氧化铁等矿物质,比如碳酸钠、氯化钠、硫磺、动物的粪便也用于药物治疗。
The formulative vehicles of the day were beer ,wine ,milk ,and honey .Many the pharmaceutic formulas employed two dozen or more different medicine agents a type of preparation later referred to as a
“polypharmacal”, Mortars ,hand mills, sieves , and balances were commonly use by the Egyptians in their compounding of suppositories ,gargles ,pills ,inhalations,troches , lotions ointments ,plasters ,and enema
药物的配方常用啤酒、酒、牛奶、和蜂蜜。
许多制药处方使用2打或更多不同的药物的一种制备后称为“复方”、研钵、离粉机,筛子,和天平常常被埃及人用来做复合栓剂,肛门塞药,漱口药,药丸,吸入剂、洗液、软膏剂、橡皮膏剂、灌肠剂。
