福建师范大学2008年考博英语真题及答案详解

福建2008年高考英语试题及参考答案英语一、英语知识运用（共三大题，满分50分）（一）语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

1.passengerA. sugarB. organizeC. strangeD. together2.chemistryA. stomachB. achieveC. checkD. machine3.clubA. pollutionB. struggleC. usefulD. bury4.majorityA. baggageB. attractC. CanadianD. magazine5.areaA. theatreB. breatheC. breakD. heaven（二）语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

6. The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it.A. he stoppedB. did he stopC. stopped heD. he did stop8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where9. –What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it be big--that’s not important.A. mus tn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. won’t10. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.A. the, aB. the, theC. a, theD. a, a11. The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible.A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending12. He doesn’t have furniture in his room --just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. much13. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which14. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show15. –Did you go to the show last night?–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invitedA. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was16. Ten years ago the population of our village was that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as17. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic.A. had changedB. will changeC. was changedD. has been changed18. –The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?–I do it all the time.A. Don’t mention it.B. Why you?C. Not sureD. Not me again.19. Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.A. atB. beyondC. withinD. upon20. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me the clothes on the line?A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get on(三)完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下在短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

2008年6月高校英语B级考试真题答案详解2008年6月听力原文:1. It's a fine day. Why not go to the zoo?2. When can I take my winter vacation?3. Did you enjoy the performance last night?4. Can we have dinner together this weekend?5. Professor Smith, may I ask you a few questions?6. M: I prefer coffee to tea. What about you, Jane?W: Just water.Q: What would the woman like to have?7. M: Excuse me. Can you call a taxi for me?W: Sorry, the telphone is out of order.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: What's wrong with me, doctor?W: Just a cold, nothing serious.Q: What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?9. M: Don't you usually drive to work?W: No, I walk to work every day.Q: How does the woman usually go to work?10. M: My computer doesn't work.W: Why don't you have it repaired?Q: What does the woman think the man should do?Today more and more people begin to understand that study does not come to an end with school gradu ation. Education is not just a college degree; it is life itself. Many people are not interested in studying at a college, and they are interested in other kinds of learning. They may go to a training class in their own field; they may improve their work skills by following television courses. They certainly know that if they know more or learn more, they can get better jobs or earn more money.答案与详解Part ⅠListening Comprehension1. 【答案】A【解析】本题是说天气很好，“Why not go to the zoo?”,回答当然是“好主意”。

福建师范大学博士英语期末考试真题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the final exam questions for the Ph.D. English exam at Fujian Normal University. So, like, the exam had a bunch of questions that were super tricky but also kind of fun to think about.First off, we had to write an essay about the impact of technology on education. It was pretty cool because we got to talk about things like online learning, digital resources, and how technology has changed the way we learn. I think it's really interesting to see how technology can help us learn in new and exciting ways.Next, there was a listening section where we had to listen to some recordings and answer questions about them. It was a little hard to understand some of the accents, but it was a good challenge to practice our listening skills. Plus, we got to learn about different cultures and perspectives through the recordings, which was super cool.Then, we had a vocabulary section where we had to match words with their definitions. Some of the words were really tough, but it was a great way to expand our vocabulary and learn new words. Plus, it was fun to see how much we've learned throughout the semester.Overall, the exam was tough but also really interesting. It tested our knowledge of English in a lot of different ways and challenged us to think critically about language and communication. I'm glad I had the chance to take the exam and show off what I've learned this semester.So, that's it for my recap of the Ph.D. English exam at Fujian Normal University. I hope you found it interesting and maybe even learned something new! Thanks for listening, and good luck on your own exams!篇2Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you the final exam question for the Ph.D. English exam at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough and made my brain hurt, but I still want to tell you all about it!The exam question was all about discussing the impact of globalization on language and culture. We had to talk about howEnglish has become a global language, and how this has affected different cultures around the world. It was really interesting, but also kind of tricky because there were so many different perspectives to consider.I think globalization has both positive and negative effects on language and culture. On the one hand, it's really cool that people from different countries can communicate with each other using English. It helps us understand each other better and makes the world feel more connected. But on the other hand, it can also lead to the loss of smaller languages and cultures, which is really sad.Overall, I think it's important for us to be aware of the impact of globalization on language and culture, and to try to find a balance between embracing new opportunities and preserving what makes us unique.So that was the big question on the Ph.D. English exam at Fujian Normal University. It was definitely a challenge, but I'm proud of myself for giving it my best shot. I hope you enjoyed hearing about it! Thanks for listening!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you the real final exam questions from the PhD English exam at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough but I managed to survive it! So let me tell you all about it.The first question was about analyzing a famous English novel. We had to choose a novel like "Pride and Prejudice" or "To Kill a Mockingbird" and write a detailed analysis of the characters, themes, and plot. It was really challenging but also fun to dive deep into the world of literature.The second question was to write a research paper on a current issue in English education. We had to discuss the challenges and opportunities facing English teachers today and come up with innovative solutions to improve English language learning in schools. It was a lot of work but very rewarding to think about ways to make education better.The third question was a grammar and vocabulary test. We had to identify and correct mistakes in sentences, as well as explain the meanings of different words and phrases. It was a good way to test our language skills and make sure we were on top of our game.Overall, the exam was a tough challenge but also a great opportunity to show what we've learned during our time atFujian Normal University. I'm proud to have made it through and I can't wait to see what the future holds for me as a PhD student in English. Thanks for listening, and I hope you all do well on your own exams too!篇4Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about the final exam of my mommy. My mommy is studying at Fujian Normal University and she is taking her PhD in English. She had a really tough exam recently and I wanted to share with you the questions from the exam.Question 1: Write an essay discussing the impact of technology on education. You should include examples of how technology can be used in the classroom and how it can help students learn better.Question 2: Explain the concept of globalization and discuss how it has affected different countries around the world. Give examples of how globalization has changed the way people live and work.Question 3: Compare and contrast two different theories of language acquisition. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach theory and explain how they can be used to help teachers in the classroom.Question 4: Analyze a piece of English literature and discuss the themes and characters in the text. Explain how the author uses language to convey their message and how it can be interpreted by readers.My mommy worked really hard to prepare for her exam and I think she did a great job answering these questions. I hope she gets a good grade because she is really smart and she loves learning new things. I am proud of her and I know she will do well in her PhD program. Thank you for listening to my story!篇5Oh wow, the final exam for the English Ph.D. at Fujian Normal University is like, super important! We gotta be totally prepared for this, guys! The exam is gonna be like, super long and challenging, but we can totally handle it if we study hard and stay focused.First of all, we gotta make sure we know all our vocab and grammar super well. We gotta practice writing essays and answering questions in English so we can show off all our skills.And we gotta read lots of books and articles in English to make sure we understand the language and culture really well.But hey, we can't just study all the time! We gotta take breaks and relax too. Maybe we can watch some English movies or listen to English music to help us relax and enjoy learning English even more.And hey, don't forget to get a good night's sleep before the exam! We gotta be totally rested and ready to show off all our English skills on exam day.So let's all work hard, study smart, and show everyone at Fujian Normal University that we're gonna rock this English Ph.D. exam! We got this, guys! Let's do it!篇6Hello everyone, I’m gonna share with you the final exam paper of the PhD English program at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough but I managed to pass, so I’ll give you some tips on how to ace it too.The exam had three parts: listening, reading, and writing. For the listening part, make sure you practice listening to Englishaudio regularly to improve your listening skills. Try to focus on understanding the main ideas and key details.In the reading section, read as much English material as possible to improve your reading comprehension. Pay attention to vocabulary and grammar, and try to understand the overall message of the text.The writing part is where you need to show off your language skills. Practice writing essays, reports, and other types of academic writing regularly. Make sure you organize your ideas clearly and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.Overall, the key to passing this exam is practice, practice, practice! Don’t be afraid to make mistakes, as they are essential for learning. And most importantly, believe in yourself and your abilities.So there you have it, my tips for acing the PhD English exam at Fujian Normal University. Good luck to all future test-takers!篇7Yo, guys! Today I wanna share with you the final exam paper of the Ph.D. English course at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough, but I managed to crush it!So, the first question was all about literature. We had to analyze a poem by William Wordsworth and explain its themes and literary devices. I had to dig deep into my brain to remember all those fancy terms like simile, metaphor, and imagery. But I nailed it!Next up was a reading comprehension section where we had to read a passage about climate change and answer questions about it. It was pretty tricky because the passage was long and full of scientific jargon. But I stayed focused and used my reading skills to ace it!Then came the grammar section, where we had to correct sentences with mistakes in subject-verb agreement, tense, and punctuation. I had to pay close attention to detail and use my grammar knowledge to fix those sentences. It was a bit challenging, but I think I did okay.The last part of the exam was a writing task where we had to write a persuasive essay on a given topic. I chose to write about the importance of recycling and how it can help save the planet. I poured my heart into that essay and made sure to include strong arguments and examples to support my points.Overall, the exam was tough, but I feel like I did my best. Studying for my Ph.D. English exams has been a challenging butrewarding journey, and I can't wait to see what the future holds for me in the world of academia. Bring it on, Fujian Normal University!篇8Oh my gosh, guys! Today I want to talk about the final exam for the PhD English course at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough, but also kind of fun at the same time.First off, we had to write a 500-word essay on a topic related to our field of study. I chose to write about the impact of globalization on English language teaching. It was pretty challenging to come up with all those words, but I managed to get through it.Next, we had a listening and speaking test where we had to listen to a recording and answer questions about it. The recording was really fast and it was hard to keep up, but I think I did okay.Then came the grammar and vocabulary section. This was probably the hardest part for me because there were so many tricky questions. I had to really think hard and double check my answers before moving on.Finally, we had a reading comprehension test where we had to read a passage and answer questions about it. The passage was pretty long and had a lot of unfamiliar words, but I did my best to understand it.Overall, the exam was tough but I think I did pretty well. I'm just glad it's over and I can relax now. Bring on summer vacation!篇9Okay, I got it! Here is the essay written in a primary school student's voice:Hey there, everyone! Today I want to talk about the final exam of the Ph.D. English course at Fujian Normal University. It was super tough but also super interesting! Let me tell you all about it.So, the exam had different sections like reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In the reading part, we had to read a passage and answer questions about it. It was a bit hard because some of the words were new to me, but I did my best to understand them.Next, we had the writing section where we had to write an essay about a given topic. I wrote about my favorite hobby,which is playing soccer. I had a lot of fun writing it, even though my hand got a bit tired.After that, we had the listening part where we had to listen to a recording and answer questions about it. It was a bit tricky because the speaker talked really fast, but I managed to catch most of what he said.Finally, we had the speaking section where we had to talk about a random topic for a few minutes. I talked about my dream of becoming a scientist and everyone seemed to like it.Overall, the exam was challenging but fun. I learned a lot of new words and phrases, and I feel like my English has improved a lot. I can't wait to see my results and show off my English skills to my friends and family!So, that's it for my essay about the Ph.D. English exam at Fujian Normal University. It was an awesome experience, and I can't wait to take more exams like this in the future. Thanks for reading! Bye!篇10Hey guys! Today I want to share with you the English final exam paper from Fujian Normal University. The exam paper was super hard, but I managed to pass it with flying colors!The exam had four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening section was tough because the speakers spoke really fast, but I tried my best to catch all the important information. In the reading section, we had to answer questions about a passage we read. Some of the questions were tricky, but I used my reading skills to figure them out.The writing section was my favorite because I love writing stories. We had to choose a topic and write a short essay about it.I wrote about my favorite vacation and all the fun things I did. It was so much fun to write about it!The speaking section was the most challenging for me because I get nervous speaking in front of people. But I practiced a lot before the exam, so I felt more confident. I talked about my family and my hobbies, and the examiners were really nice and made me feel comfortable.In the end, I passed the exam with a good grade! I'm so proud of myself for all the hard work I put into studying for it. I can't wait to see my final results and celebrate with my friends. Ihope you guys do well on your exams too! Remember to study hard and believe in yourself. Good luck!。

2008年考研英语真题详细解析(3)应用文范文Dear Bob,I am writing to express my apology to you.Several days ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately, after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage. I was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you. I will send it to you by post or express as soon as possible. If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours,Li Ming大作文范文As is illustrated in the picture, the two disabled persons whose crippled legs are bound together do a lot of traveling. Accordingly, this far-reaching picture reflects a common phenomenon in today's society: the people who are in the dark want to turn the corner but they can not make it respectively and in turn they have to choose to pull together in times of trouble.There are several reasons accounting for this. Since we have to live in an on-the-move lifestyle, we may encounter various plights, where we would be at a loss rather than to seek for others' assistance. Further more, if we do not offer help to each other when we confront dilemma, we would not realize our dream. And no issue in China is as basic to build up the society in harmony as to conduct coordination in face of disasters.Judging from what have been argued above, people have come to realize the value of mutual aid. It is, therefore, necessary that some effective steps be made to advocate spirit of supporting each other. To begin with, the government shouldmake laws to encourage people to unite. In addition, people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they are in trouble. Only in those ways, can we make people, even not being acquaintance, help each other.。

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man" s absence.A.A thoracic case.B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.A.In the housing office on campus.B.In the downtown hotel.C.At the rental agency.D.In the nursing home.A.Thrilled.B.Refreshed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.C.To cruise, even without his friends.D.To take a flight to the Maldives instead.A.He" s got a revert.B.He" s got nausea.C.He" s got diarrhea.D.He" s got a runny nose.A.To suture the man" s wound.B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man" s wound.D.To take a closer look at the man" s wound.A.Mr. Lindley had got injured.B.Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend" s truck in the river.A.The patient will not accept the doctor" s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.A.It was more expensive than the original price.B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.A.Excited.B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.A.She regrets buying the car.B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the ear.D.This is the car she has been wanting.A.He is seriously ill.B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.He has got bowel cancerB.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.A.To have a colonoscopy.B.To seek a second opinionC.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.A.A pretty minor surgery.B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.A.Thankful.B.Admiring.C.Resentful.D.Respectful.A.It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.it was given according to the man" s actual condition.D.it was effective because of a proper intervention.A.Smoking and lung Cancer.B.Lung cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit Smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.A.Current smokers exclusively.B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problem.D.At age 40 or over.A.156.B.269.C.7498D.9427A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.A.A hobby.B.The whole world.C.A learning experience.D.A career to earn a riving.A.Her legs were broken.B.Her arms were broken.C.Her shoulders were severely injured.D.Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.A.She learned a foreign language.B.She learned to make friendsC.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned living skills.A.She worked as skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in the clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten.B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.I am afraid that you" 11 have to______the deterioration of the condition.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.call forC.look forD.make for5.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous______of your time to the nursing home.（分数：2.00）A.afflictionB.alternativeC.allocationD.alliance6.Every product is______tested before being put into the market.（分数：2.00）A.expensivelyB.exceptionallyC.exhaustivelyD.exclusively7.Having clean hands is one of the______rules when preparing food.（分数：2.00）A.potentB.conditionalC.inseparableD.cardinal8.The educators should try hard to develop the______abilities of children.（分数：2.00）A.cohesiveB.cognitiveC.collectiveic9.Mortgage______had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.deficitsC.defaultsD.deceptions10.The symptoms may be______by certain drugs.（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratedB.exacerbatedC.exceededD.exhibited11.Her story was a complete______from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.fascinationC.fabricationD.faculty12.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out______.（分数：2.00）A.salvageB.safeguardC.sabotageD.sacrifice13.The government always______on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.（分数：2.00）A.takes upB.cheeks upC.works outD.looks into14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.（分数：2.00）A.boostedernedC.clarifiedD.pioneered16.Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.sensitiveC.reasonableD.sensational17.The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration .（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.sincerityC.heritageD.honor18.I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.exquisiteC.uniqueD.necessary19.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.（分数：2.00）A.instanceB.indicatorC.appearanceD.option20.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.（分数：2.00）A.arduousB.demandingC.potentD.continuous21.The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.（分数：2.00）A.practicableB.reliableC.flexibleD.responsible22.Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.（分数：2.00）A.esteemB.appreciateC.evaluateD.approve23.The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .（分数：2.00）A.chillyB.dismalC.promisingD.fanatic24.These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.minedC.achievedD.influenced五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely【C1】______, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 【C2】______a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】______of a person" s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whetheror not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4】______This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 【C5】______we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6】______, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】______intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 【C8】______now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】______birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】______that people who live in close contact with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.quiteB.enoughC.sureD.so(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.intoC.from withinD.off(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.qualitiesC.limitsD.scores(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.dispositionB.perceptionC.endowmentD.environment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.in advanceB.for effectC.at randomD.under way(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.variousC.appropriateD.inborn(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.LookB.BelieveC.SuggestD.Imagine(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.andB.or ratherC.as well asD.but for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.factB.eventC.conditionD.environment六、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean" s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren" t enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?（分数：2.00）A.High mortality rate of immune rejectionB.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplantD.A shortage of human organs(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it______.（分数：2.00）A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.（分数：2.00）A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed(5).The information the passage carries is______.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualThere is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults —-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.（分数：10.00）(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD.the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.（分数：2.00）A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.（分数：2.00）A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.Women find a masculine face—with a large jaw and a prominent brow—-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, according to a study published in the June 24 NATURE. Before, during, and use after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more "feminine" male faces, the researchers report. " Other studies of female preference, mainly for odors, show changes across the menstrual cycle ," says lead author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. " We thought it would be interesting to look at visual preferences and see if they changed also". The researchers showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasized masculine or feminine facial features to differing degrees. The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase. The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experiment. The cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says. The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle. Another 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining attractiveness, Penton-Voak says. Men whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as " kinder" men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes. He cautions, however, that research hasn"t yet shown a link between a woman" s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior.（分数：10.00）(1).The researchers made a study on______.（分数：2.00）A.women" s menstrual cycleB.men" s preferred female imagesC.women" s visual preferences of menD.men" s masculine and feminine features(2).Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when they______.（分数：2.00）A.grow to be more feminineB.are on oral contraceptivesC.are ready for conceptionD.are on menstruation(3).It was found in Britain that women" s preferred male images were influenced by______.（分数：2.00）A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycleD.the term or relationship they seek(4).Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle, as Pen-ton-Voak implies, does not mean that______.（分数：2.00）A.visual preferences do existB.a woman acts this way is realityC.a man will buy into the phenomenonD.men and women prefer the same image(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Does a woman judge from a man" s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?WELL—do they or don"t they? For years, controversy has raged over whether the electromagnetic fields produced by power lines could cause cancer especially leukemia in young children. But in Britain last week confusion reached new heights. One team from Bristol announced that it had evidence to back a controversial but plausible theory which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(electric fields attract airborne pollutants). Only to be followed by the release of results by another group in London which suggested there is nothing to worry about. What is going on? Actually, the confusion may be more apparent than real. There can be no doubt that the effects of power lines on water droplets, pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered by the Bristol team are real and interning. But to suggest that they have anything to do with leukemia in children is premature. The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny, and it is not obvious why radon, a gas normally associated with lung cancer—would cause leukemia in children. The second study, which drew reassuring blank, is the world" s biggest ever probe of the statistical link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. It is one of several recent studies that have failed to find a link. Unlike earlier research, these newer studies involved going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields. The fields they measured included input from major power lines if they were. Which is not to say the research is perfectly. Critics argue that Britain" s childhood cancer study, for example, has not yet taken into account the surges in exposure that might come from, say, switching appliances on and off. And some people might wonder why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure in last week" s study. But neither criticism amounts to a fatal blow. Electrical fields cannot penetrate the body significantly, for example. A more serious concern is whether the British research provides an all-clear signal for such countries as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore produce higher magnetic fields. Pedants(书呆子)would conclude that it doesn" t. But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. In Britain the latest epidemiological study can be taken as the final word on the matter. If the electromagnetic fields in British homes can in some unforeseen way increase the risk of cancer, we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.（分数：10.00）(1).Both the question "Well—do they or don"t they?" and the question "What is going on?" suggest ______.（分数：2.00）A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent of bewilderment among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London(2).What would the author say of the results of the first study?（分数：2.00）A.Enlightening.B.Insignificant.C.Reassuring.D.Apparent.(3).What can be suggested from the results of the second study?（分数：2.00）A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.C.There is nothing to worry about as to power lines.D.There is no link between the first and second study.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the British outcomes______.（分数：2.00）A.are expected to convince nobody but pedantsB.were found to have left much room for doubtC.could have implications in such countries as the USD.will be consistent with the Japanese ones in the near future(5).To conclude, the author______.（分数：2.00）A.reassures us of the reliability of the latest research in BritainB.asks for improved measurements for such an investigationC.points out the drawbacks of the latest research in BritainD.urges further investigations on the issueSmoking causes wrinkles by upsetting the body" s mechanism for renewing skin, say scientists in Japan. Dermatologists say the finding confirms the long-held view that smoking ages skin prematurely. Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. The first breaks-down old skin while the second makes new skin. The body breaks down the old skin with enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs, They chop up the fibers that form collagen(胶原质)—the connective tissue that makes up around 80 percent of normal skin. Akimichi Morita and his colleagues at Nagoya City University Medical School suspected that smoking disrupted the body" s natural process of breaking down old skin and renewing it. To test their idea, they first made a solution of cigarette smoke by pumping smoke through a saline(盐的)solution. Smoke was sucked from cigarettes for two seconds every minute. Tiny drops of this smoke solution were added to dishes of human fibroblasts, the skin cells that produce collagen. After a day in contact with smoke solution, the researchers tested the skin cells, to see how much collagen-degrading MMP they were making. Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. Morita also tested the skin cells to see how much new collagen they were producing. He found that the smoke caused a drop in the production of fresh collagen by up to 40 percent. He says that this combined effect of degrading collagen more rapidly and producing less new collagen is probably what causes premature skin ageing in smokers, in both cases, the more concentrated the smoke solution the greater the effect on collagen. " This suggests the amount of collagen is important for skin ageing," he says. "It looks like less collagen means more wrinkle formation". Morita doesn" t know if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. But he plans to confirm his findings by testing skin samples from smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. "So far we" ve only done this in the lab. " he says. " We don"t know exactly what happens in the body yet that might take some time. " Other dermatologists are impressed by file work. "This is fascinating," says Lawrence Parish. Director of the Centre for International Dermatology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. This confirms scientifically what we"ve long expected, he says. "Tobacco smoke is injurious to skin. "（分数：10.00）(1).Healthy skin lies in______.（分数：2.00）A.a well-kept balance between two working processesB.the two processes of breaking down skin cellsC.a fine balance in the number of cigarettesD.the two steps of forming collagen(2).For the Japanese scientists, to test their idea is______.（分数：2.00）A.to verify the aging of human beingsB.to find out the mechanism of renewing skinC.to prove the two processes of wrinkle formationD.to confirm the hazards of smoking proven otherwise(3).The Japanese scientists tested their idea using______.（分数：2.00）A.MMPs to form fresh collagenB.cigarette smoke to contaminate skin cellsC.human fibroblasts to produce fresh collagenD.non-smokers to be exposed to cigarette smoke(4).As inferred from Morita" s results, smoking______.（分数：2.00）A.could stimulate tile production of fresh collagenB.is unlikely to promote the production of MMPC.tends to cause skin to age prematurelyD.may cause collagen to die by 60%(5).Monrita implies that his findings______.（分数：2.00）A.took less time than expectedB.were hard to accept in dermatologyC.were not exclusively based on the labD.need to be further verified in the human bodyToday, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to an urban referral center has produced some disappointing surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold"(his first name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army—but Dad never has been "Harold" except to those who really don"t know him. Telephone callers at our family home who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. Dad doesn" t correct his physicians or the office receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly confident and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal failure and dialysis treatments , his stroke and his constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family, part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky operation at his advanced age was because his wife and sisters still need his protective support. With so much at risk, he faced thislife-threatening challenge in a city far away from his home and friends and in a place where he is greeted as "Harold. "（分数：10.00）(1).The author relates the story______.（分数：2.00）A.from a consumer" s point of viewB.with a view to punctuating patient rightsC.according to his own standards of health careD.based on his own unpleasant medical treatment(2).Apparently the author" s father______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to be called by the first nameB.was not well taken care of as expectedC.was mistaken for somebody elseD.was treated like a businessman(3).As the author implies his father______.（分数：2.00）A.encountered so many impolite physiciansB.did nothing but kept quiet in the hospitalC.accepted the way he was greetedD.had his diagnosis made wrongly。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第I卷（选择题共115分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

第段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B. £ 9.15C. £ 9.18答案是B。

1.What is the weather like?A. It’s raining.B.It’s cloudy.C.It’s sunny.2．Who will go to China next month?A. Lucy.B. Alice.C. Richard.3.What are the speakers talking about?A. The man’s sister.B.A film.C. An actor.4.Where will the speakers meet?A. In Room 340.B. In Room 314.C. In Room 223.5.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In an office.C. At home.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒种，各小题将给出5秒种的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

【考研】2008年考研英语真题及答案考研对于许多学子来说，是一场重要的人生战役。

而英语作为其中的关键科目，其真题的研究和答案的解析具有极高的价值。

2008 年的考研英语真题，在众多考生的记忆中留下了深刻的印象。

2008 年考研英语的试卷结构包括了英语知识运用、阅读理解、新题型、翻译和写作这几个部分。

先来说说英语知识运用，也就是我们常说的完形填空。

这部分题目主要考查考生对词汇、语法、固定搭配等基础知识的掌握，同时也考验考生对上下文的理解和逻辑推理能力。

在 2008 年的真题中，词汇的难度适中，但对于一些容易混淆的词汇和短语的考查较为细致。

语法方面，涉及到了各种时态、语态、从句等常见的语法点。

阅读理解一直是考研英语的重头戏。

2008 年的阅读理解文章选材广泛，涵盖了科技、文化、社会等多个领域。

文章的长度和难度都具有一定的挑战性，需要考生具备较强的阅读速度和理解能力。

题目类型包括了细节题、主旨题、推理题、词义猜测题等。

在解答细节题时，考生需要仔细对比原文和选项，准确找到对应的信息；主旨题则要求考生能够从整体上把握文章的主旨大意；推理题需要考生根据文中的线索进行合理的推断；词义猜测题则考查考生根据上下文猜测生词词义的能力。

新题型是考研英语中比较新颖的部分。

2008 年的新题型可能是排序题或者是七选五等形式。

这部分题目对考生的篇章结构理解和逻辑衔接能力有较高的要求。

考生需要在短时间内理清文章的脉络，找出正确的选项顺序或者填入合适的段落。

翻译部分，2008 年的题目考查了考生对长难句的理解和翻译能力。

句子结构较为复杂，涉及到了多种从句和短语的翻译。

考生需要准确理解句子的含义，并用通顺的汉语表达出来。

写作部分包括了小作文和大作文。

小作文通常是书信、通知等应用型文体，要求考生格式正确、语言得体、内容完整。

大作文则多为议论文或说明文，考查考生的观点表达、论证能力和语言运用能力。

2008 年的大作文可能是关于某个社会现象或者人生哲理的话题，需要考生有清晰的思路和丰富的语言表达。

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 % )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven' t had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let's begin with question number 1.1. A. It was called off unexpectedly.B. It raised more money than expected.C. It received fewer people than expected.D. It disappointed the woman for the man' s absence.2. A. A thoracic case. B. A nervous disorder.C. A stomach problem.D. A psychiatric condition.3. A. In the housing office on campus. B. In the downtown hotelC. At the rental agency.D. In the nursing home.4. A Thrilled. B. Refreshed. C. Exhausted. D. Depressed.5. A. To travel with his parents. B. To organize a picnic in the country.C. To cruise, even without his friends.D. To take a flight to the Maldives instead.6. A. He' s got a revert. B. He's got nausea.C. He' s got diarrhea.D. He' s got a runny nose.7. A. To suture the man's wound. B. To remove the bits of glass.C. To disinfect the man's wound.D. To take a closer look at the man's wound.8. A. Mr. Lindley had got injured. B. Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C. Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D. Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A. She will apply to Duke University.B. She will probably attend the University of Texas.C. She made up her mind to give up school for work.D. She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10. A. Her boyfriend broke up with her.B. She was almost run over by a truck.C. One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D. She dumped her boyfriend's truck in the river.11. A. The patient will not accept the doctor's recommendation.B. The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C. The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D. The medicine is not available to the patient.12. A. It was more expensive than the original price. B. It was given to the woman as a gift.C. It was the last article on sale.D. It was a good bargain.13. A. Excited. B. Impatient. C. Indifferent. D. Concerned,14. A. She regrets buying the car. B. The car just arrived yesterday.C. She will certainly not buy the ear.D. This is the car she has been wanting.15. A. He is seriously ill. B. His work is a mess.C. The weather is lousy this week.D. He has been working under pressure.Section BDirections: In this part you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. He has got bowel cancer B. He has got heart disease.C. He has got bone cancer.D. He has got heartburn.17. A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinionC. To be put on chemotherapy.D. To have his bowel removed.18. A. A pretty minor surgery. B. A normal life ahead of him.C. A miracle in his coming years.D. A life without any inconveniences.19. A. Thankful. B. Admiring. C. Resentful. D. Respectful.20. A. It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B. It was prescribed considering possible complications.C. it was given according to the man' s actual condition.D. it was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21. A. Smoking and lung Cancer. B. Lung cancer and the sexes.C. How to quit Smoking.D. How to prevent lung cancer.22. A. Current smokers exclusively. B. Second-hand smokers.C. With a lung problem.D. At age 40 or over.23. A. 156. B. 269. C. 7498. D. 9427.24. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB. Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C. Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D. When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.25. A. Lung cancer can be early detected.B. Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C. Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D. Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26. A. A hobby. B. The whole world.C. A learning experience.D. A career to earn a living.27. A. Her legs were broken.B. Her arms were broken.C. Her shoulders were severely injured.D. Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.28. A. She learned a foreign language, B. She learned to make friendsC. She learned to be a teacher.D. She learned living skills.29. A. She worked as skiing coach. B. She was a college instructor.C. She was a social worker in the clinic.D. She worked as elementary school teacher.30. A. Optimistic and hard-bitten. B. Pessimistic and cynical.C. Humorous and funny.D. Kind and reliable.Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected，可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。

Part I Listening ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3Sections. Section A DialoguesDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 10 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and questions will be spoken twice. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Then, you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. Two students. B. A teacher & a student.C. A boss & his secretaty. D．Father & daughter.2. A. Japanese. B. Spanish. C. Chinese. D. English.3. A. She is nice. B. She does not talk a lot.C.She talks too much．D. He likes her very much．4. A. The woman should buy some jewelry instead.B. The woman should buy a battery from the Smith's Jewelry.C. He knows what’s wrong with the woman’s watch．D.The jewelry store can probably repair the woman’s watch.5. A. In a restaurant. B. At a travel agency.C. At the man’s home.D. At the airport.6. A. 5:00 B. 5:30 C. 6:00. D. 6:307. A. Go to bed early. B. Go to the cinema.C. Go over his notesD. Prepare for his lessons.8. A. go home. B. take the examC. have lunchD. go swimming9. A.￥150. B.￥100. C. ￥75. D.￥50.10. A. Pleasant. B. Boring. C. Disappointing. D. BusySection B Spot DictationDirections: This section is to test ur ability to comprehend a short passage. The short passage will be read three times. When the passage is read for the first timer,you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11 to 15 with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.The first impression you make on a 11 employer is the most important one. The first judgment an interviewer makes is going to be 12 on how you look and what you are wearing. That's why it's always important to dress 13 for a job interview, ever if the workenvironment is 14Y ou'll want that first impression to be not just a good one, but, a great one. A 15 dressed in a suit and tie is going to make a much better impression than one dressed in scruffy jeans and a t-shirt.Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.16. The traditional approach with complex problems is to break them downinto smaller, more easily managed problems."A. to dealingB. in dealingC. dealingD. to deal17. I don't mind the decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay makingB. your delay makingC. your delaying to makeD. you delay to Mke18. Can you your visit for a few days more?A. enlargeB.expandC. exploreD. extend19. I’m very sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such a(n) .A.chanceB. opportunityC. occasionD. situation20. What a lovely party! It’s worth all my life.A. rememberingB. to rememberC. to rememberedD. being remembered21. The meaning of the word can easily be settled if we a good dictionary.A. askB. demandC. ConsultD. inquire22. Wherever you go, you should your family and friends back home.A. keep in touch withB. keep pace withC. Keep up withD. keep from23. According to the weather forecast, which is usually , it will rain thisafternoon.A. exactB. accurateC. perfectD. precise24. we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.A. Now thatB. Since nowC. By nowD. Since that25. It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. will be sentC. are sentD. be sentPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your reading ability. There are some 4 tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions:There is one passage in this task. After reading the passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements numbered 26 through 30. For each question or statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the corrected choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The better defined your hiring process is, the more easily, it will be adhered to. I suggest that you use a multi-stage interviewing process by which the candidate meets with multiple people to provide different opinions and input on the hiring-decision. Again, keep all notes taken during theinterview. These notes should be factual and should detail bservations made by the people conducting the interview as well as quotations of the candidate’s reponses to questions．There should be no inferences made about a candidate in any notes，and no notes should be taken on a resume（简历）．Pre-determine three to six questions that will help you uncover the capability of each applicant and ask those same questions to each person that is interviewed．These initial questions will serve as a departure point to base other follow-up questions on. By using the same question in different ways and you will also be able to draw close com parisons between each candidate’s responses，which will help you determine the best match for the position.Developing that interviewing process a little further, time limits should be set on responses to candidates．Today’s job market changes so rapidly that waiting more than 72 hours to inform a candidate how he or she did in an interview is an eternity（永远）. Many candidates have multiple interviews within one or two days and plan to take the first job offered that meets their salary and benefits demands. Hired or not, as a candidate, it is much easier to keep a positive frame of mind about a company that is responsive, shows an interest in your success as an individual, and provides feedback （反馈）about an interview within one or two days. Waiting to make a decision about candidates is how other companies manage to hire the “perfect fit”right out from under you!26. As for an interview, the author suggests that .A. there should be more than one interviewer in the interviewing processB. only the applicants’ responses to questions should be noted and recorded.C. interviewers should make some notes on the margins of the candidates’ resumesD. interviewers should ask whatever questions that may help decide the perfect fit27. The passage i s m ai nly about .A. how to pre-determine questions in an interviewB. how to respond to candidates after an interviewC. how to arrange the interviewing process properlyD. how to decide the best match during an interview28. By "waiting more than 72 hours to inform a candidate how he or she did in aninterview is an eternity" in Line 2 of Paragraph 3, the author means .A. it’s boring for a candidate to wait more than 72 hours to know the result of aninterviewB. it’s too long to keep a candidate waiting over 72 hours to know the result of theinterviewC. it's necessary for a candidate to wait 72 more hours because it takes time to makedecisionsD. it's outdated to inform the candidates the result of the interview after more than72 hours29. According to the passage, tine limits should be set on responses to candidatesmainly because .A. today’s job market changes very rapidlyB. candidates usually attend many interviewsC. it helps interviewers gain the initiative to hire the perfect matchD. candidates finds it boring to wait a 'long time to know the result30．"The phrase "departure point'，in Line 3 of Paragraph 2 refers to .A. the conclusion pointB. the starting pointC. the leaving pointD. the Central point’Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1．The 5 questions or unfinished statements are Numbered 31 through 35.Y ou should make the corrected choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels at home, across the country, and -even abroad; and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered-locations, whether or not the local branch bank is .open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the `horizon--it's already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold :and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours ate busiest and which employees are the most efficient ,allowing. personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by .manufacturers for similar `reasons: Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, -which to develop for the future, and which to drop .Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even. of the production process: itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from, gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better end more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.31. According: to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes.B. obtain more convenient services than other people do.C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper.D. cash money wherever he wishes to.32. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards.B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today.C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash.D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before.33. The phrase "ring up sales" most probably means .A. make an order of goods.B. record sales on a cash register.C. call the sales manager.D. keep track of the goods in stock.34. What is this passage mainly about?A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D . Advantage of credit cards in business．35. It can be inferred that .A. computers will bring disaster.B. computer industry will not develop faster.C. computers will bring about more convenience to people's 1ife;．D. computers will replace human beings in the future．Task 3Directions: Read the. following passage．After reading it; you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No. 36 to No. 40). The answers should bewritten after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Although. credit cards are becoming more .acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the “live now pay later" syndrome. Along With hire; purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. Of course, it is only the foolhardy who succumb to the temptation to live, temporarily at least; beyond their means, and such people would not doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large. amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 percent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest free credit. Using the card abroad where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account can extend the period even further.It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on particular credit card. I t’s necessary to consider the amount of credit granted interest rates which may vary slightly the number and range of outlets though most cards cover major garages, hotels, restaurants and departments stores and of course what happens if your card is lost or stolen. A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential gold mine particularly if there is delay in reporting the loss of the card.However, if used wisely, a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.36. Many people suspect that credit cards lure people to .37. The author seems to believe that even in the absence of credit cards, some people would undoubtedly .38. In Para. 2, in addition to the advantages of no need to carry cash and being usefulin emergency, what else is said to be the advantage of credit cards?.39. What’s the main i dea of Para 3？40. The author holds a attitude towards credit cards.Task 4Directions：Read the following passage and complete the outline below it (No．41 through No. 45).Y ou should write your answers briefly on the answer sheet correspondingly.During the holiday break, I finally got around to a promise I made to my mom and dad—to remotely access their PC—to help troubleshoot problems or questions they have about their Dell laptop.A while ago, I download GoToMyPC on my, computer, which allows you to access your computer from any other computer. The other day, my mom logged into my account, which brought her to a "My Computers" page of a three-PC account. She clicked on "enable this computer," to install the GoToMyPC software. Within minutes, I saw her computer listed on the" My Computers" page; clicked on it, and her computer home page popped up in a. window on my screen.They're in Florida, I’m in New Jersery, but I could easily replace a toolbar that disappeared from their screen and desktop icons my mom wished she hadn’t cleared away.I also like that I'll be .able to do some basic maintenance on their computer from my home hundreds of miles away. And if my mom has questions, we can be looking at her computer together while on the phone.GoToMyPC costs $20 a month for one computer, or $179.40 a year. Two PCs cost $30 a month or $279.40. For each additional PC, it’s $15 a month or $135 a year. But reader and Chris Null have also recommended a free application, Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop; which is part of Windows XP Professional and Media Center.Y ou need to manually type in the IP address of the host computer. Here’s the Microsoft instructions page if you want to check out this option.Other reader suggested another free app, LogMeIn, which gets good reviews for providing remote access and file sharing between computers．If you’ve used either free remote access option, let us know how it's worked out．Technology ReviewThe first device reviewed: 41Functions of the first device:a)enables one to 42 of another PC remotely;b)allows one to access one’s computer from elsewhere;c)enables basic maintenance from a distance.Cost of the first decice to be installed in 3 PCs: 43Difference between the other two devices recommended and the first one:They’r e 44Reviews are still needed from reader about 45Part IV Translation from English into Chinese46．Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful bargains.A．有些人愿意周日逛街，因为他们觉得这样能够检到大便宜。

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man’s absence.2. A.A thoracic case.thoracic[θɔː'ræsɪk]adj.[解剖]胸的；[解剖]胸廓的B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.3. A.In the housing office on campus. B.In the downtown hotel.C.At a rental agency.D.In the nursing home.4. A.Thrilled.vt.使…颤动；使…紧张；使…感到兴奋或激动n.激动；震颤；紧张vi.颤抖；感到兴奋；感到紧张B.Refreshed[rɪ'freʃ]vt.更新；使……恢复；消除……的疲劳vi.恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养C.Exhausted.exhausted[ɪɡ'zɔːstɪd]adj.疲惫的；耗尽的v.耗尽；用尽；使…精疲力尽（exhaust的过去式）D.Depressed.adj.沮丧的；萧条的；压低的v.使沮丧；使萧条（depress的过去式和过去分词形式）；压低5. A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.picnic['pɪknɪk]n.野餐vi.去野餐C.To cruise,even without his friends.n.巡航，巡游；乘船游览vt.巡航，巡游；漫游vi.巡航，巡游；漫游D.To take a flight to the Maldives.6. A.He’s got a revert.[rɪ'vɜːt]vt.使回复原n.恢复原状者vi.回复；重提；返祖遗传；归还B.He’s got nausea.nausea[ˈnɔ:ziə]n.恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶C.He’s got diarrhea.diarrhea[,daɪə'riə]n.腹泻，痢疾D.He’s got a runny nose.流鼻涕用的线7.A.To suture the man’s wound.suture['suːtʃə]n.缝合；缝合处；缝合状vt.缝合B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man’s injured.D.To take a close look at the man’s wound.8. A.Mr.Lindley had got injured. B.Mr.Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr.Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr.Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.分手；结束，打碎B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend’s truck in the river.adj.废弃的；被甩了的v.倾倒；猛地扔下11.A.The patient will not accept the doctor’s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.12.A.It was more expensive than the original price. B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.13.A.excited. B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.adj.漠不关心的；无关紧要的；中性的，中立的D.Concerned.14.A.She regrets buying the car. B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the car.D.This is the car she has been wanting.15.A.He is seriously ill. B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure. Section BPassage One16.A.He has got bowel cancer. B.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.17.A.To have a colonoscopy. B.To seek a second opinion.C.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.18.A.A pretty minor surgery. B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.19.A.Thankful. B.Admiring. C.Resentful. D.Respectful.20.A.It was based on the symptoms that man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.I was given according to the man’s actual condition.D.It was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21.A.Smoking and Lung Cancer. B.Lung Cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.22.A.Current smokers exclusively. B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problems.D.At age40or over.23.A.156 B.269 C.7498 D.942724.A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancer.B.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer,men seem to live longer than men.25.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26.A.A hobby B.The whole worldC.learning experience.D.A career to earn a living27.A.Her legs were brokenB.Her arms were brokenC.Her shoulders were severely injuredD.Her cervical vertebrate were seriously injured.28.A.She learned a foreign language B.She learned to make friends.C.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned a living skills.29.A.She worked as a skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in a clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.30.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten. B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section A31.I’m afraid that you’ll have to___________the deterioration n.恶化；退化；堕落of the condition.A.account for对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；（比例）占B.call for要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为…叫喊C.look for寻找D.make for导致；有助于；走向32.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；有雅量的___________of your time to the nursing home.A.affliction n.苦难；苦恼；折磨B.alternative adj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的n.二中择一；供替代的选择C.allocation n.分配，配置；安置（location n.位置（形容词locational）；地点；外景拍摄场地）distributeD.alliance n.联盟，联合；联姻33.Every product is_________tested before being put into market.A.expensivelyB.exceptionally adv.异常地；特殊地；例外地C.exhaustively adv.耗尽一切地D.exclusively adv.唯一地；专有地；排外地34.Having clean hands is one of the___________rules when preparing food.A.potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的B.conditional adj.有条件的；假定的n.条件句；条件语C.inseparable adj.[数]不可分割的；不能分离的n.不可分离的事物；形影不离的朋友D.cardinal n.红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色；【鸟类】(北美)主红雀adj.主要的，基本的；深红色的35.The educators should try hard to develop the________abilities of children.A.cohesive adj.有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的B.cognitive adj.认知的，认识的C.collective adj.集体的；共同的；集合的；集体主义的n.集团；集合体；集合名词ic adj.喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的n.连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物36.Mortgage vt.抵押n.抵押房屋抵押贷款___________had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.A.defects n.缺点，缺陷；不足之处vi.变节；叛变B.deficits n.赤字；不足额C.defaults vi.拖欠；不履行；不到场n.违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值vt.不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对…处以缺席裁判（fault n.故障；[地质]断层；错误；缺点；毛病；（网球等）发球失误vi.弄错；产生断层）D.deceptions n.欺骗，欺诈；骗术37.The symptoms n.[临床]症状；症候；病徵may be__________by certain drugs.A.exaggerated adj.夸张的，言过其实的v.夸张，夸大B.exacerbated vt.使加剧；使恶化；激怒=aggravateC.exceeded adj.非常的；过度的；溢出的v.超过（exceed的过去分词）；越出D.exhibited adj.展出的v.展出；表现出（exhibit的过去分词）38.Her story was a complete adj.完整的；完全的；彻底的vt.完成_________from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.A.facility n.设施；设备；容易；灵巧B.fascination n.魅力；魔力；入迷（adj.fascinating迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的fascinated着迷的；被深深吸引的）C.fabrication n.制造，建造；装配；伪造物（n.fabric织物；布；组织；构造；fabricator制作者；杜撰者v.fabricated制造，组装；伪造，捏造（fabricate的过去分词）vt.fabricate制造；伪造；装配）D.faculty n.科，系；能力；全体教员39.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out排除；取消；划去；反对；阻止_________.A.salvage n.打捞；海上救助；抢救财货；救难的奖金vt.抢救；海上救助B.safeguard n.[安全]保护；保卫；保护措施vt.[安全]保护，护卫C.sabotage vt.妨害；对…采取破坏行动vi.从事破坏活动n.破坏；破坏活动；怠工D.sacrifice n.牺牲；祭品；供奉vt.牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi.献祭；奉献40.The government always_________on the background n.背景；隐蔽的位置vt.作…的背景adj.背景的；发布背景材料的of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.A.takes up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)B.checks up检查；核对（check out检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章，结账后离开，结帐后离开，办理退房、出院手续）C.works out解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼D.looks into调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看Section B41.The19th century physiology n.生理学；生理机能was dominated vt.控制；支配；占优势；在…中占主要地位vi.占优势；处于支配地位by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass体重and activity.A.boosted adj.升高的；升压的；加力的v.提高，推进；宣传（boost的过去式）erned v.管理（govern的过去式和过去分词）；统治；支配C.clarified adj.澄清的；透明的v.阐明（clarify的过去分词形式）；澄清D.pioneered v.倡导；作先驱（pioneer的过去式）42.Surely,it would be sensible adj.明智的合乎情理的通情达理的意识到的，能感觉到的to get a second opinion before taking any further action.采取进一步行动，进一步的行动A.realistic adj.现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的B.sensitive adj.敏感的；感觉的；[仪]灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的n.敏感的人；有灵异能力的人C.reasonable adj.合理的，公道的；通情达理的D.sensational adj.轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的（economic sanction经济制裁）43.The Chinese people hold the ancestors n.祖先；被继承人in great veneration.n.尊敬；崇拜（Ancestor veneration祖先崇拜）A.recognition n.识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认B.sincerity n.真实，诚挚C.heritage n.遗产；传统；继承物；继承权D.honor n.荣誉；尊敬；勋章vt.尊敬；[金融]承兑；承兑远期票据44.I worked to develop the requisite skill必要技能（requisite adj.必备的，必不可少的；需要的n.必需品）for managerial adj.[管理]管理的；经理的post.n.岗位；邮件；标杆vt.张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi.快速行进A.perfect adj.完美的；最好的；精通的vt.使完美；使熟练n.完成式B.exquisite adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；n.服饰过于讲究的男子C.unique adj.独特的，稀罕的；[数]唯一的，独一无二的n.独一无二的人或物D.necessary adj.必要的；必需的；必然的n.必需品45.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity维修活动and an index n.指标；指数；索引；指针vi.做索引vt.指出；编入索引中of physiological age生理年龄,the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.二者择一的；要么…要么…A.instance n.实例；情况；建议vt.举...为例B.indicator n.指示器；[试剂]指示剂；[计]指示符；压力计C.appearance n.外貌，外观；出现，露面D.option n.[计]选项；选择权；买卖的特权（potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）46.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise剧烈运动.（strenuous adj.紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的）A.arduous adj.努力的；费力的；险峻的B.demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；吃力的v.要求；查问（demand的ing形式）C.potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的D.continuous adj.连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵不断的47.The hospital should be held accountable for负责，对…应付责任the quality of care护理质量it delivers.A.practicable adj.可用的；行得通的；可实行的B.reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的n.可靠的人C.flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的D.responsible adj.负责的，可靠的；有责任的48.Greenpeace n.绿色和平组织（保护动物不遭捕猎等）has been invite to appraise vt.评价，鉴定；估价the environment costs of such an operation.A.esteem vt.尊敬；认为；考虑；估价n.尊重；尊敬B.appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi.增值；涨价appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的C.evaluate vt.评价；估价；求…的值vi.评价；估价audit,estimate,assess,reckonD.approve vt.批准；赞成；为…提供证据vi.批准；赞成；满意49.The company still hopes to find a buyer,but the future looks bleak.adj.阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的A.chilly adj.寒冷的；怕冷的B.dismal adj.凄凉的，忧郁的；阴沉的，沉闷的n.低落的情绪C.promising adj.有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）D.fanatic n.狂热入迷者；盲信者；盲信adj.狂热的；盲信的50.These were vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的decisions n.决定，决心；决议that bore upon（bear upon）有关；瞄准；对…施加压力the happiness of everybody.A.ensured vt.保证，确保；使安全B.ruined n.废墟；毁坏；灭亡vt.毁灭；使破产vi.破产；堕落；被毁灭C.achieved vt.取得；获得；实现；成功vi.达到预期的目的，实现预期的结果，如愿以偿D.influenced n.影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt.影响；改变Part III Cloze(10%)Are some people born clever and others born stupid?Or is intelligence n.智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力developed by our environment and our experiences（可数名词：经历；不可数名词：经验）?Strangely___51___,the answer to both these questions is yes.To some extent在一定程度上；在某种程度上our intelligence is given us at birth生下来时（innate adj.先天的；固有的；与生俱来的）,and no amount of即使再大（或再多）的…（也不）special education can make a genius n.天才，天赋；精神___52____a child born with low intelligence.On the other hand另一方面,a child who lives in boring adj.无聊的；令人厌烦的environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surrounding.Thus the___53___of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his ___54___.This view,not held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent在一定程度上；在某种程度上___55___we are born with.The closer the blood relationship血统；血缘关系between two people,the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.Thus if we take two unrelated people___56___,it is likelythat their degrees of intelligence will be completely different.If on the other hand we take two identical twins[遗]同卵双胞胎；[妇产]单卵性双胎they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters,parents and children,usually have___57___intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.___58___now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments.We might send one,for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring.We would soon find differences in intelligence developing,and this indicates vt.表明；指出；预示；象征that environment___59___birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the ___60___that people who live in close contact with each other.But who are not related at all,are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.53.A.amounts n.数量，总额（amount的复数）v.总和（amount的第三人称单数形式）B.qualities[统计]品质C.limits n.限制；限度；界线vt.限制；限定D.scores n.分数；二十；配乐；刻痕vt.获得；评价；划线，刻划；把…记下vi.得分；记分；54.A.disposition n.处置；[心理]性情；[军]部署；倾向B.perception n.知觉；[生理]感觉；看法；洞察力；获取C.endowment n.捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资56.A.in advance adv.预先，提前B.for effect为了给人良好的印象；为了得到效果C.at random胡乱地；随便地；任意地D.under way进行中；航行中；在行进57.A.similar adj.相似的n.类似物B.various adj.各种各样的；多方面的C.appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的vt.占用，拨出D.inborn adj.天生的；先天的Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage One1.Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart.Without it, Sean would die.Sean’s case is not unusual.Everyday many people die because there just aren’t enough human organs to go around.四处走动；供应；（消息）流传2.Now scientists say/they can alter the genetic make-up基因组成，遗传构成of certain animals/so that their organs may be acceptable to使...可接受humans.With this gene-altering technique to overcome vt.克服；胜过vi.克服；得胜（come over过来；顺便来访；抓住）our immune rejection免疫排斥to foreign organs,scientists hope to use pig heart for transplants vt.移植；迁移；使移居n.移植；移植器官；被移植物；移居者vi.移植；迁移；移居by the year2008.3.That prospect n.前途；预期；景色vi.勘探，找矿vt.勘探，勘察,however,has stirred up激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起strong opposition n.反对；反对派；在野党；敌对among animal fight activities.They protest vi.抗议；断言vt.抗议；断言n.抗议adj.表示抗议的；抗议性的that the whole idea of/using animal organs is cruel adj.残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的，让人受难的；无情的，严酷的and unjust.adj.不公平的，不公正的；非正义的.Some scientists also fear such transplants may transmit vt.传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传unknown diseases to humans.4.Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is lions of/dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs.They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable adj.可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的.The key is to convince people to eat healthily,and not to smoke or drink alcohol.Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial adj.人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的organs.5.Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help,spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea.If enough people were educated about organ donations,everyone who needed an organ could be taken off起飞；脱下；离开the waiting list in a year.61.What is the problem the passage begins with?A.High mortality rate of immune rejection.B.A malpractice n.玩忽职守；不法行为；治疗不当in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplant.D.A shortage of human organs.62.Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue技术问题,according to the passage but also it_________________________.A.introduces an issue of inhumanity n.不人道，无人性；残暴B.raises the issue of justice n.司法，法律制裁；正义；法官，审判员in medicineC.presents a significant adj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n.象征；有意义的事物threat to human nature人性；人类本性D.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits63.Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs,some scientists___________________.A.are to narrow adj.狭窄的，有限的；勉强的；精密的；度量小的n.海峡；狭窄部分，隘路vt.使变狭窄the scope n.范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程vt.审视of organ transplantsB.switch to v.切换到；转到；转变成t he development of artificial organse up with提出；想出；赶上alternatives to the current problemD.set out to打算，着手,开始purchase n.购买；紧握；起重装置vt.购买；赢得vi.购买东西better ways of treating heart disease64.It can be inferred from推断the concluding paragraph of the passage that __________________.A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential n.潜能；可能性；[电]电势adj.潜在的；可能的；势的（potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）to be explored vt.探索；探测；探险C.people prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升vi.喜欢；愿意the use of animal organs for medical purposes n.目的；用途；意志vt.决心；企图；打算D.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed65.The information the passage carries is__________________________.A.enlightening adj.使人领悟的；有启发作用的v.启蒙；通知（enlighten的ing形式）B.unbelievable adj.难以置信的；不可信的C.imaginative adj.虚构的；富于想象的；有创造力的（imaginable可能的；可想像的）D.factual adj.事实的Passage Two1.There is a great irony n.讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事adj.铁的；似铁的of21st century global health:While many hundreds of millions of数以亿计people lack adequate adj.充足的；适当的；胜任的food as a result of economic inequities n.不公平，不公正,political corruption政治腐败（corruption n.贪污，腐败；堕落）,or warfare n.战争；冲突,many hundreds of millions more are overweight/to the point of达到…的程度increased risk for/diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity n.肥大，肥胖is a worldwide phenomenon n.现象；奇迹；杰出的人才,affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but/the poorest countries/to divert vt.转移；使…欢娱；使…转向scarce resources稀有资源（scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的adv.仅仅；几乎不；几乎没有）away from food security粮食安全；食品安全；食物保障to take care of people with preventable adj.可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的heart disease and diabetes.n.糖尿病；多尿症长难句：Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon,affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but/（the poorest countries）to divert away from/food security to/take care of people with /preventable heart disease and diabetes.2.To reverse n.背面；相反；倒退；失败vt.颠倒；倒转adj.反面的；颠倒的；反身的the obesity epidemic adj.流行的；传染性的n.传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行,we must address vt.演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞；与…说话；提出；处理n.地址；演讲；致辞；说话的技巧；称呼the fundamental cause根本原因.Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended vt.花费；消耗；用光；耗尽in activity.The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity.People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active.Market economies encourage this.They make people with expendable adj.可消费的；排出的；不重复使用的；可牺牲的n.消耗品income into consumers of aggressively adv.侵略地；攻击地；有闯劲地（侵略=aggress;aggression;invade;invasion）（exaggerated adj.夸张的，言过其实的v.夸张，夸大aggravate vt.加重；使恶化；激怒）marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value营养价值,and of cars,television set,and computers that promote sedentary adj.久坐的；坐惯的；定栖的；静坐的behavior.Gaining weight are good business.Food is particularly business because everyone eats.3.Moreover adv.而且；此外,food is so overproduced vt.过度生产that many countries, especially the rich ones,have far more than远远超过，多得多的they need-another irony.In the United States,to take an extreme adj.极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的n.极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物example,most adults--of all ages,incomes,educational levels,and census vt.实施统计调查n.人口普查，人口调查categories n.种类，分类；[数]范畴–are overweight.The U.S.food supply provides3800kilocalories per person per day,nearly twice as much as required vt.需要；要求；命令by many adults.Overabundant adj.太充足的；过多的food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising,health claims,new products,large portions.And campaigns vi.作战；参加竞选；参加活动n.运动；活动；战役directed toward children.Food marketing promotes weight gain.Indeed adv.的确；实在；真正地；甚至,it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people eat less food;certainly not the agriculture,food product, grocery n.食品杂货店,restaurant,diet or drug industries.All flourish n.兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰vt.夸耀；挥舞vi.繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期when people eat more.And all employ armies of lobbyists n.说客；活动议案通过者to discourage vt.阻止；使气馁government from doing anything to inhibit vt.抑制；禁止=bar；restrain；control；stay overeating.注：discourage sb from doing阻止某人做某事;阻止做某事;不鼓励;劝某人打消做某事的念头66.The great irony of21st century global public health refers to_____________.A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive adj.反作用的；抵抗的；反对的n.反作用；抵抗，对抗；反对measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous adj.多余的；不必要的；奢侈的consumption of foodC.the scarce natural resource and the negligence of food securityD.the consumption n.消费；消耗；肺痨of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases67.To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic,according to the passage,is _______.A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with处理，应付the energy imbalance issueC.to combat vt.反对；与…战斗n.战斗；争论adj.战斗的；为…斗争的diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health68.As we can learn from the passage,the second irony refers to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于_____________.A.affluence n.富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperity经济繁荣；发展生产（prosperity n.繁荣，成功）D.diseases of civilization n.文明；文化and pathology n.病理（学）;异常状态of inactivity69.As a result of the third irony,people_____________________.A.consume3800kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards朝...方向驱使（Drive Towards The Light驶向光明drive towards south照南开Drive Towards Zero零排放）weight gain70.Which of the following can be excluded vt.排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出as we can understand based on the passage?A.The economic dimension.经济局面（层面）B.The political dimension政治方面（层面）C.The humane adj.仁慈的，人道的；高尚的dimension.人文方面（层面）D.The dietary n.饮食的规定；食谱adj.饮食的，饭食的，规定食物的dimension饮食层面注：dimension n.方面;[数]维；尺寸；次元；容积vt.标出尺寸adj.规格的3-dimension三维Passage Three1.Women find a masculine adj.男性的；阳性的；男子气概的n.男性；阳性，阳性词（muscle n.肌肉；力量vt.加强；使劲搬动；使劲挤出）face with a large jaw n.颌；下巴；狭窄入口；唠叨vt.教训；对…唠叨and a prominent adj.突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的brow n.眉，眉毛；额；表情more attractive when they are more likely to conceive vt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有，according to a study published in the June24Nature.Before,during,and just after menstruation n.[生理]月经；月经期间；有月经，however,they seem to be drawn to被…所吸引less angular adj.[生物]有角的；生硬的，笨拙的；瘦削的,more“feminine”adj.女性的；妇女（似）的；阴性的；娇柔的male faces, the researchers report.2.“Other studies of female preference n.偏爱，倾向；优先权,mainly for odors n.气味；名声,show changes across the menstrual cycle生理]月经周期,”says leading author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St.Andrews on Scotland.“we thought/it would be interesting to look at visual adj.视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的preferences and see if they changed also.3.The research showed39Japanese women composite n.复合材料；合成物；菊科adj.复合的；合成的；菊科的vt.使合成；使混合male faces that/emphasized masculine or feminine facial features面部特征；面容to differing degrees.The women preferred vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升images with more masculine features男性特性when they were in the fertile adj.富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的phase n.相；阶段；[天]位相vt.使定相；逐步执行of their menses n.[生理]月经；[生理]行经but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase.4.The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue vt.继续；从事；追赶；纠缠,according to another experiment.The cyclic preference for偏爱…muscular faces was evident adj.明显的；明白的=obvious/distinct/visible among23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term adj.短期的relationship, Penton-Voak says.The26women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship 长期关系,however,preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle.5.Another22women/who were using oral contraceptives[药]口服避孕药/did not show monthly changes/in the faces they preferred even for即使对于short-term relationships, indicating that表明,正在翻译,结果表明(indicat e vt.表明；指出；预示；象征)hormones n.[生理]激素，荷尔蒙might play a role in在……起作用determining vt.决定，确定；判定，判决；限定attractiveness n.吸引力；迷惑力,Penton-Voak says.6.Men/whose faces have some feminine softness n.温柔；柔和/are perceived as“kinder’men/who may make better husbands and partners,he adds,white macho adj.大男子气概的n.强壮男子；大丈夫features may be associated with和…联系在一起；与……有关，与……有关系higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes.He cautions n.小心，谨慎；警告，警示vt.警告,however,that research hasn’t yet shown a link between a woman’s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior实际行为.71.The researchers made a study on_____________________.A.women’s menstrual cycleB.men’s preferred female imagesC.women’s visual preferences of menD.men’s masculine and feminine features72.Women are drawn to a masculine face,according to the researchers,when they___________.A.grow to be feminineB.are on oral contraceptives[药]口服避孕药C.are ready for conception n.怀孕；概念；设想；开始D.are on menstruation n.[生理]月经；月经期间；有月经73.It was found in Britain that women’s preferred male images were influenced by受…的影响___________.A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycle[生理]月经周期D.the term of relationship they seek74.Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle,as Penton-Voak implies,does not mean that__________________.A.visual preferences do exist vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在B.a woman acts this way is reality n.现实；实际；真实C.a man will buy into the phenomenon n.现象；奇迹；杰出的人才D.men and women prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升the same image75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Does a woman judge from a man’s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?Passage Four1.Well-do they or don’t they?For years,controversy n.争论；论战；辩论has raged n.愤怒；狂暴，肆虐；情绪激动vi.大怒，发怒；流行，风行over whether the electromagnetic fields电磁场produced by power lines电力线;输电线could cause cancer,especially leukemia白血病in young children.But in Britain last week,confusion n.混淆，混乱；困惑reached new heights达到新的高度.2.One team from Bristol announced that/it has evidence to back n.后面vt.支持；后退；背书；下赌注a controversial adj.有争议的；有争论的but plausible adj.貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真实的，貌似有理的theory n.理论；原理；学说；推测which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(Electric fields attract airborne pollutants).Only to be followed/by the release of results/by another group/in London/which suggested/there is nothing to worry about.what is going on?3.Actually,the confusion may be more apparent adj.显然的；表面上的than real.There can be no doubt that/the effects/of power lines on water droplets水滴；微水滴，小水滴,pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered vt.发现；揭开；揭露by the Bristol team are real and interesting.But to suggest that/they have anything to do with leukemia in children is prematureadj.早产的；不成熟的；比预期早的n.早产儿；过早发生的事物.The extra n.临时演员；号外；额外的事物；上等产品adj.额外的，另外收费的；特大的adv.特别地，非常；另外exposure n.暴露；曝光；揭露；陈列to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny adj.微小的；很少的,and it is not obvious adj.明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的why radon-a gas normally associated with与…有关系；与…相联系lung cancer-would cause leukemia in children.4.The second study,which drew reassuring vt.使…安心，使消除疑虑blank,is the world’s biggest ever probe n.探针；调查vt.探查；用探针探测of the statistical adj.统计的；统计学的link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and the electrical appliances日用电器.It is one of several recent studies近代研究that have failed to find a link.Unlike adj.不同的，不相似的earlier research,these newer studies involved vt.包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields.The fields they measured included vt.包含，包括(exclude vt.排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出.preclude vt.排除；妨碍；阻止) input from major power lines if they were nearby.5.Which is not to say the research is perfect.Critics n.评论家；批评者；吹毛求疵的人（critic的复数）argue that/Britain’s childhood cancer study,for example,has not yet taken into account考虑；重视；体谅(take sth into account对某事加以考虑;考虑;把;考虑某事)the surges n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；汹涌澎湃；巨涌v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来in exposure that might come from,say, switching appliances on and off.And some people might wonder n.惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vt.怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj.奇妙的；非凡的why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure n.数字；人物；图形；价格；（人的）体形；画像vt.计算；认为；描绘；象征in last week’s study.But neither criticism n.批评；考证；苛求amounts to相当于，总计为a fatal blow.致命的打击.Electrical fields cannot penetrate vt.渗透；穿透；洞察the body significantly adv.意味深长地；值得注目地,for example.6.A more serious concern vt.涉及，关系到；使担心n.关系；关心；关心的事whether the British research provides an all-clear adj.放行；空袭警报信号解除的；无危险信号的signal for such countries such as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore adv.因此；所以produce higher magnetic fields.Pedants(书呆子)would conclude vt.推断；决定，作结论；结束that it doesn’t.But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study.7.In Britain the latest epidemiological study流行病学研究can be taken as the final word on the matter.If the electromagnetic fields in Britain homes can in some unforeseen adj.未预见到的，无法预料的way increase the risk of cancer,we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.76.Both the question“Well-do they or don’t they?”and the question“what is going on?”suggest _______________.A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent n.到来；出现；基督降临；基督降临节of bewilderment n.困惑；迷乱；慌张among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London77.What would the author say of the result of the first study?A.Enlightening adj.使人领悟的；有启发作用的v.启蒙；通知（enlighten的ing形式）B.Insignificant adj.无关紧要的C.Reassuring adj.安心的；可靠的；鼓气的v.使放心（reassure的ing形式）D.Apparent adj.显然的；表面上的(parent n.父亲（或母亲）；父母亲；根源)78.What can be suggested from the results of the second study?A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.。