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第四节《电流的强弱》教案(人教版初二上)

第四节《电流的强弱》教案(人教版初二上)
第四节《电流的强弱》教案(人教版初二上)

第四节《电流的强弱》教案(人教版初二上)

?电流的强弱?教案

●教学目标

一、知识目标

1.明白电流是有强弱的.

2.明白电流的单位是安培,比安培小的单位还有毫安和微安.

3.明白电流表的使用方法.

4.能正确读出在电流表的示数.

二、能力目标

1.通过用电流的效应来研究电流的强弱,提高学生用间接研究咨询题的方法解决实际咨询题的能力.

2.通过连接电路的实验活动,培养学生动手操作能力.

3.通过电流表的读数,训练学生的观看能力和准确读数的技能.

三、德育目标

1.通过学生连接电路的实验活动,培养学生团结协作的精神.

2.在学生对电流表读数的过程中,培养学生严谨的科学态度.

●教学重点

正确使用电流表,并能准确读数.

●教学难点

指导学生正确连接电路,正确使用电流表.

●教学方法

实验法、讨论法、观看法、点拨法.

●教学用具

手电筒、玩具小汽车、电池、开关、导线、小灯泡、电路示教板.

●课时安排

1 课时

●教学过程

一、创设实验情境,引入新课

[师]〔出示电路示教板〕这是一个由池、灯泡、开关、导线构成的电路,当闭合开关时,同学们看到了什么?

[生]灯泡亮了.

[师]讲明了什么?

[生]电路中有了电流.

[师]你看到电流了吗?你如何明白电路中有了电流?

[生]电流倒是没看见,但灯泡发光了.

[师]对.假如用手摸灯泡,还会感受到热,这讲明电路中通有电流时会产生各种效应,如给灯泡通电后,灯丝会发热,热到白炽状态就会发光,这叫电流的热效应,除此之外,电流还有磁效应和化学效应等.本来电流是看不见、闻不出、听不到的,但我们能够利用电流产生的效应来认识它、研究它.

[生]我们周围的空气也看不见、摸不着,只有刮风时才能感受到它的存在,是不是一个道理?

[师]专门正确.你的思维比老师还快.实际上这是一种间接研究咨询题的巧妙方法.

二、新课教学

[师]请大伙儿认真观看桌上的小灯泡,看灯泡上标有什么?

[生]有数字和符号.

[师]灯泡上一部分是它的电流值.I是电流那个物理量的符号.0.2 A是同学们实验时用的小灯泡的正常工作时的电流值.电流I的单位是安培,简称安,符号是A.下面我要咨询大伙儿了,0.2 A表示什么意思?

[生]小灯泡正常工作时的电流是0.2安培.

[师]大伙儿还有什么咨询题吗?

[生]安培是如何来的?

[师]安培是法国的科学家,他在物理、化学、数学等方面都有专门深的造诣,安培在电学方面的研究成果尤为突出,被后人称为〝电学中的牛顿〞.为了纪念他,物理学中用安培作为电流的单位.期望同学们能向安培学习,刻苦钻研,勇于开拓和创新.

[生]电流还有其他单位吗?

[师]请大伙儿快速阅读课本中另外两个电流的单位,并完成以下咨询题:

[投影]

1.电流的单位还有_______和_________,符号分不是_______和__________.

2.电流单位的换算关系是:

1 A=________ mA

1 mA=_______ μA

3.把?小数据?中运算器中电源的电流值、半导体收音机电源的电流值.手电筒中的电流值分不换算为以安培为单位的电流值.

[师]同学们阅读了一些电器的电流值,什么缘故都不一样呢?

[生]讲明电流有强有弱.

[师]大伙儿看我手里有手电筒和一只玩具小汽车,当它们的灯发光时,你能判定谁的电流强,谁的电流弱?再换一辆不同的汽车呢?

[生]灯泡发光越亮,电流越强.

[实验]如何样连接电流表.

[师]现在请同学们用你桌上的灯泡、导线、电池组成电路,先用一节电池供电,再用两节电池供电,注意观看灯泡的亮度.

[生]用两节电池供电时灯泡亮一些,讲明电流大.

[师]现在每组发一个能直截了当测出电流值的电表——电流表.在刚才的电路中,再接入电流表,就能够测出灯泡的电流值.只是,大伙儿要先阅读课本,讨论一下,要注意什么原那么才算正确连接电流表.

讨论之后,总结出以下几条规那么:

规那么1:电流表必须和被测的用电器串联;

规那么2:电流必须从〝+〞接线柱流到里面去;〝-〞接线柱流出来;

规那么3:不要超过电流表的量程.学生用电流表有两种量程,电流值小时用标着〝0.6〞的接线柱和〝-〞接线柱;电流值小于0.6 A时用标着〝3〞接线柱和〝-〞接线柱.

规那么4:任何情形下都不能使电流表直截了当连到电源的两极上.

[师]把握电流表的连接后,两人一组开始把你的电流表接入电路中,要注意规那么.

〔学生实验,教师给予关心和指导〕

[阅读课本]如何样在电流表上读数

读数时,要看清两点:看清所选量程的每一大格、每一小格各表示的电流值;看清测量时表针停在哪个大格、哪个小格上.

学生读数后,教师让几个小组把测得的灯泡电流值报上来,讨论显现的咨询题:

[生甲]我们组测得的值与灯泡上标的正常值不太相符,我们讨论后认为是导线上消耗了一部分电能,因此电源的电能输送给灯泡时达不到灯泡需要的正常电流值,灯泡也就不如正常时的亮.

[生乙]我们组连接电路都正确,但读数时看到另外的量程刻度上了,因此和不的组不一样.通过认真检查后,改正了错误.

[生丙]我觉得连接电路时关键要注意电流表〝+〞接线柱是〝0.6 A〞接线柱依旧〝3 A〞接线柱,确定之后就好办了.

[生丁]我有一个咨询题,那个实验中的小灯泡上标有〝0.2 A〞因此我们选〝0.3〞接线柱,假如灯泡上不标电流值呢?

[师]通过两节的电路学习,同学们对电路不再生疏.实验时专门认真,实验后又能专门好地总结 .现在,又提出了咨询题,我专门快乐!那个咨询题能够用试触法解决,你把两根导线和电流表的两个接线柱只要一接触〔不要固定〕,就可看出电流表的表针是否超过你估量的量程.如表针正好在你估量的量程内,你只要把导线固定好读数即可,相反,不在你估量的量程内呢?

[生]换成另一量程的两个接线柱即可.

[师]对.这种试触法在以后的电学中还会用到,如用电压表测电压值等.

三、小结

本节课我们要紧学习了以下内容:

1.能够用电流来表示电流的强弱.

2.正确连接电流表:电流表与被测用电器要串联;电流要从电流表的〝+〞接线柱进,〝-〞接线柱出;不要超过电流表的量程;不要把电流表直截了当连到电源的两极上.

3.正确读出电流表的读数.

四、布置作业

P100动手动脑学物理1、2、3写在作业本上.

[动手动脑学物理参考答案]

1.此题是考查单位换算的练习,只要把握安培和毫安之间的换算关系1 A=1000 mA,就可专门快得出结果:0.25 A=250毫安〔mA)

120 mA=0.12 A

2.此题分三步:第一先让学生画出电路图,注意电流表要串联在电路中,并保持电流从表的〝+〞接线柱流入,从〝-〞接线柱流出,如以下图所示.

第二步:让学生动手连接实物图,以加强从〝电路图〞到〝实物连接〞之间的操作训练.

第三步:通过电流表读出电路值,训练学生正确读出电流表的数值.

3.电流表甲的读数是0.32 A

电流表的乙的读数是0.56 A

电流表丙的读数是1.4 A

学生读完之后,互相检查,有部分学生不够认真,读小格数时显现错误;部分学生没看清接线柱接入电路中是哪个量程,就读出了读数,那个咨询题在练习中都应让学生注意.

五、板书设计电流的强弱

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