中级英语听力lesson13

Lesson13.Section OneTask1. Guess What People Are Talking AboutA. 1----5T F F T F 6.TB.1.wine and good food2. the river3. walking along the river and all the couples4. paintings thereC.1. reminds/of2. got something about it/sort of charm3. unusual/in the center of4. from the top5. down by the riverTask2. Nice to see you!A.1---2.c aB.1—d, I; 2—a; 3—e,f; 4—b, c, f; 5—h; 6—gC. 1. are keeping you busy2. in the process/doing it up3. give you a hand with/something of4. see myself leaving/foreseeable5. my butting in6. over here on a scholarship/the Royal Academy of Music Section TwoTask1. What do you like about your job?A.1----4a c b cB.1----5 F F T F T 6----8 F F TC. 1. a night person2. on the lookout for/ stump me3. plan on sticking around4. the Beatles/a great beat to move toing up with6. at the end of/have slimmed down/built up7. against a tight deadline8. at first/working withTask 2. What do you think of yourself?A. 1-----5: a c a c b 6.aB.1---a. a secretaryb. good at her jobc. different in her private lifed. pretty tide in officee. incoherent in her behavior2---a. concerned about state affairsb. critical of the political systemc. eager to bring law and order to his country3---a. easy-goingb. a bit vicious when upsetc. not sympatheticd. not interested in civil rights4---a. a retired army officerb. respectable and dignifiedc. helpful to those dependent on himd. a bit fanatic about organization and disciplinee. not too polemicf. fond of his wife and family5---a. shy and unhappy during childhoodb. unable to make friends till very latec. good at being by himselfd. self-reliant and independente. fond of childrenSection three1.Bert’s friendship2.Bert and sports3.Adam’s hobbies4.the two men’s religious belief5.Adam---not a creative problem solver6.Heart attack victims enjoy Type B behaviorLesson 14Section OneA. 1.general election in Britain in the near future2. an earthquake killed five people3. stole a quarter of million pounds4. and fifty-seven people were killed in an aircraft crash5. was held in London6. were made to end the strike at Independent Television7.were made when a fight between football supporters of rival teams.B. 1----5: b c a a c 6----8: a b aC.1----5 T T F F F 6----8: F F TD. 1.The Prime Minister2. In center Ttaly/avalanches/the earthquake during the night3. three masked men/with shotguns/unlock the van4. two hundred and fifty-seven people/hit the side of a volcano5. a basis for negotiations/the chances of success6. fifteen people/in court in Manchester/matches in London Section TwoTask1. Bearded LadyA.Answer the following question briefly.1.What is special of Mrs. Clark?She was a bearded woman.2.What advice did all those specialists offer her?They advised her to shave.3.When did she decide to let her beard grow?When she realized that she was fighting a losing battle.4.What was it like being stared at all day?At first it was a bit unnerving.5.Is there any advantage of her beard?Her beard keeps her husband’s toes warm on cold nights.B 1----5 F F T T T 6----8: F T FC.1. at an enormous rate/five inches2. trying to keep it down/fighting a losing battle3. chop off a few feet4.the point and laughing in the endTask2. At a youth CenterA. 1----5: a c a a c 6 bB. a. drinking under the age of sixteenb. music at the dance ballc. language they used. their hair and clothesC. 1----5 F T T F T 6 FD.1. turned me out2. wrong3. on at my boy about4. with5. there’s any need/ take part in6. sitting in on/take you up on7. take you out your wayE. 1. Why does Mrs. Brent refuse to dance?Because she does not think the music played in the hall is of her generation.2. Why does Finchley say that the so-called generation gap is only a myth? Because he believes the young people are quite traditional in their attitudes and they are not that different from the old generation.3. How does James explain eth seemingly different language used by the young people?He believe that every generation creates its own special language as well as its own styles in clothes and music.4. Why does Finchley suggest Mrs. Brent to read a book entitled Britain’s Sixteen-Y ear-Olds?Because he hopes Mrs. Brent to have a better understanding of the young people. Section three1.trading without money---barter2.how money came3.shifting from barter society to a monetized world4.different money values in different countries5.why difficult to give examples of barter deals6.prospect of barteringLesson15Section OneA.1----4: a c b cB.1----5: F TT F TCGroup Aa.killers deserve death penaltyb.Death penalty will prevent other people from killingc.It is important to get rid of the bad seed.d.Criminals are never rehabilitated, they are hardened.e.Some people are just bad, evil, and there is nothing one can do.Group Ba.nobody has the right to take another person’s life.b.Nobody is sure that the person convicted is really guilty.c.Criminals should be rehabilitated instead of being eliminated.d.There should be more extensive programs.e.It is a social problem. We and society are responsible.D.1. Why doesn’t the second speaker believe that we are sure the person convicted is really guilty?Because she has doubts on the lawyers and the judicial system today.2. why doesn’t the first speaker trust the present rehabilitation program?Because studies show that criminals are never rehabilitated.3. what does the second speaker suggest to improve the rehabilitation program?She suggests to expand the program to an extensive one.4. what are the two reasons given by the first speaker for not keeping murders injail?(1) the jails and prisons are already crowded.(2) the taxpayers have to pay to maintain murders’ lives.Task2. A new way of lifeA.1. who are being interviewed?Michelle Burns and Luke Saunders.2. what’s special about them?They have given up regular jobs and high salaries and begun a new way of life3. why did Michelle and her husband decide to come to live in a remote area of Scotland?Because they had worked long hours and had hardly seen each other. As a result, their marriage was breaking up.4. how do they make a living now?They raise sheep and goats, grow their own vegetables, and they have some chickens.6.what is unusual of Mr. Luke Saunders?He had been a car factory worker on the assembly line.7.what did he do for money?He had a bit of money to start with, then he began to do odd jobs like picking fruit, washing up, etc.8.what is he going to do now?He is going to start a new journey in the opposite direction. And he will be away for three years again.B 1----5 F T F F F 6-----10: T T F T FC. 1. leave the “rat race”2. fell in love with3. in it for profit4. on the farm/feel lonely5. four nuts on the bolts6. giving up/turning round/coming homeSection TwoTask1.A.1---3: c a bB. a. forgetting of proper namesb. forgetting of foreign wordsc. childhood and concealing memoriesd. mistakes in speeche. mistakes in reading and writingC. 1. be traced back to/problem or conflict/concerned2. of the neuroses/also present/in normal person3. the borderline/the normal and the neurotic person/nearly as clearly marked4. a childhood memory/painful to us5.good reasons for/the slips and errorsTask2.A.1----4: a b a cB.1----5 T F T T T 6----8: F T TC. 1. WHAT W AS EARLY CHEESE PROBABLY LIKE?Early cheese was probably rather unpalatable and tasteless.2. what is fresh cheese?It is a kind of cheese to be eaten immediately after the milk has coagulated.3. what is ripened cheese?It is a kind of cheese with salt added to the soft fresh cheese and other biochemical processes continued in the course of cheese-making.4. what is the origin of the English word “cheese”?The Latin word “caseus”5. when do people begin to realize the role of micro-organisms and enzymes in producing different types of cheese?In the 19th century.6.what do people do to make cheese of different taste before the discovery of micro-organisms?People kept milk at different temperatures and in various environments.Section three1.why all cultures change2.the origin of the name “Anasazi”3.descendents of the Anasazi4.the theme that unifies the historical development of the Anasazibor distribution of the Anasazi6.the end of the Anasazi。

英语中级听力参考答案Answer Keys to Listen to This: 2Edited by莫显良、马军军、张凤英、陈燕L 1L 2L 3L 4L 5L 6L 7L 8L 9L 10L 11L 12L 13L 14L 15L 16L 17L 18L 19L 20L 21L 22L 23L 24L 25L 26L 27L 28L 29L 30L 31L 32L 33L 34L 35L 36Lesson 1Section ITask 1: This Is Your Life!A.Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements.1—6: caacbaB.True or False Questions.1—6: TFFFFTC.Identification.(1)—(b), (2)—(d), (3)—(f), (4)—(g), (5)—(a), (6)—(c), (7)—(e)plete the following résumé for Jason Douglas.Name: Jason DouglasFormer name: Graham SmithProfession: actorDate of birth: July 2, 19471952: started school1958: moved to Lane End Secondary School1966: went to the London School of Drama1969: left the London School of Drama1973: went to Hollywood1974: were in a movie with Maria MontroseTask 2: What Are Your Ambitions?A.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Radio Station QRX.2.For a survey.3.Four.4.Six.5.(1) What’s your name?(2) What do you do for a living?(3) What do you do for fun?(4) What’s the most exciting thing that’s happened to you recently?(5) Who do you admire most in this world?(6) What do you want to be doing five years from now?B.Fill in the following chart with answers that each interviewee gives to the questions.Section IIA.Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions.1—6: abaccbB.True or False Questions.1—4: FTFFC.Fill in the following chart with information about the journey the Roman army madeaccording to Trevor.Designation: D CompanyNumber of men: one hundred and moreJourney: from France to BritainMeans of transcript: boatWeather conditions: stormyFood: cat foodDrink: rain waterConditions of weapons after landing: uselessFighting: noneEquipment lost or damaged: boat lost, guns full of water, supplies of wine lost Soldiers killed or wounded: about ten survivors, all others drowned or killed by coldD.Point out what is not true in Trevor’s story.The following did not exist in Roman times:petrol, newspaper, matches, trousers, tinned food, taps, guns, wine bottles.50 BC could not appear on a coin. 50-55 BC is counting backwards.E.Fill in the blanks according to what you hear on the tape.1.terrible, stormy, or more of us, shut in, so bad, sick, stuffy.2.pushed up onto the sands, climbed out, jumping into the, struggling to the, upto my shoulder, freezing.3.came and took us away, joined, going into the camp, a hot meal, clean clothes,given our pay.Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: trying to write a letterReason: The speaker’s question suggests he needs a quiet surrounding to do something.2.Hint: the first speaker is a guest complaining about the conditions of Room 43which is a single room. The second speaker is a hotel clerk who suggests that the guest move to a double room.Answer: is the only single room available at the momentReason: The phrase “I’m afraid” often suggests a negative or unsatisfying answer.3.Answer: Where on earth did you get it?Reason: The second speaker’s surprised tone shows that the money is out of her expectation and she must be curious about how it is gained.4.Answer: You mustn’t discriminate against someone just because they are married.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.5.Answer: I wouldn’t mind being a prince.Reason: The man’s questioning tone shows he doesn’t agree with the woman.6.Answer: I’m not a workaholic.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.7.Answer: he had been.Reason: “But” and “possibly” both give some hint.Task 2: DictationPassage 1: The KnowledgeBecoming a London tax i driver isn’t easy. In order to obtain a licence to drive a taxi in London, candidates have to pass a detailed examination. They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks and hotels, but also the quickest way to get there. This iscalled “The Knowledge” by London Cab drivers and it can take years of study and practice to get ‘The Knowledge’. Candidates are examined not only on the quickest routes but also on the quickest routes at different times of the day. People who want to pass the examination spend much of their free time driving or even cycling around London, studying maps and learning the huge street directory by heart.Passage 2: The UndergroundTravelling on the London underground (the ‘tube’) presents few difficulties for visitors because of the clear colour- coded maps. It is always useful to have plenty of spare change with you because there are often long queues at the larger stations. If you have enough change you can buy your ticket from a machine. You will find signs which list the stations in alphabetical order, with the correct fares, near the machines. There are automatic barriers which are operated by the tickets. You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the destination.Lesson 2Section ITask1: Film EditingA.True or False Questions.1—4: TFTFB.Fill in the following blanks to give a clear picture of what needs to be done beforea film is ready for distribution.1. The assistant:a. “Synching up”which means matching sound and pictures according to the numbersstamped along the edge of the film and sound tape.b. “Logging” which means recording the detail version of the film and the soundin a log book.2. The film editor:a. Make a first selection of the best takes.b. Prepare a “rough cut”– an initial version of the film.c. Prepare the “fine cut”– the final form of the film.3. Others:a. Approve the fine cut.b. “Dubbing” which means voices, music, background noises and sometimes specialeffects are put together.c. The “neg” cutters cut the original negatives on the film so that these matchthe edited film exactly.Task 2: A Vision of the FutureA.Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.1—6: abacccB.True of False Questions.1—4: TFTFC.Fill in the blanks to give a clear picture of the problems New York faces in the movie.1.40 million2.have no apartment, sleep on the steps of the building, crawl over sleeping peopleto get inside.3.nothing will grow, they never see the sun.4.soylent: soylent red, soylent yellow, and soylent green. 2, soybeans, soylentgreen, ocean plants.5.90 degree.6.electricity, ride bicycles to make it.Section IITask 1: American IndiansA.Answer the following questions briefly.1.1492.2.He thought that he had arrived in India.3.They were kind to them and wanted to help.4.(1) They wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves; (2) More immigrantscame from Europe.5.It was their mother. Everything came from and went back to their mother. And itwas for everybody.6.They started fighting back.7.By 1875 the Indians had lost the fight and had to live in “reservations”.8.The Indians are bad and the White man is good and brave in Hollywood films.B.Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.1—4: acbcTask 2: New AustraliansA.Identification:1.(1)—(d), (2)—(b), (3)—(a), (4)—(c)2.(a) more than 15 million,(b) 160, 000,(c) the year 1851,(d) 700, 000B.True or False questions.1—6: FTFFTTC.Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following time expressions.1.Italiansa.the 1850s and 1860s: Different states in Italy were fighting for independenceand some Italians went to Australia for political reasons. Some others wentthere for gold.b.1891: The first group of 300 Italians went to work in the sugar-cane fieldsof northern Australia.c.The end of the 19th century: Some good Italian fishermen went to westernAustralia.2.Greeksa.1830: The first Greeks went to work in vineyards in south-eastern Australia.b.The 1860s; There were about 500 Greeks in Australia.c.1890; There were Greek Cafes and restaurants all over Sydney and out in thecountryside.d.After WWII: Many Greeks arrived in Australia.Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: It’s good exercise. Keeps you fit.Reason: The word “yeah” suggests that the boy will say something in agreement with the woman’s comment.2.Answer: We turn the music up really loud and start dancing.Reason: The phrase “why not” suggests that the boys will simply dance in the street.3.Answer: They can’t do it like me yet.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.4.Answer: It’s a very old book.Reason: The word “actually” also suggests an opposite meaning.5.Answer: Write down your address and I’ll get the boy to bring them round.Reason: The conversation takes place in a store. If the store owner agrees to deliver the goods, the only thing he wants to know will be the address of the customer.6.Answer: Tell us all about it over dinner.Reason: The woman sounds very much interested in the man’s experience. So she will certainly ask the man to tell her something about it.Task 2: DictationThe Foolish FrogOnce upon a time a big, fat frog lived in a tiny shallow pond. He knew every plant and stone in it, and he could swim across it easily. He was the biggest creature in the pond, so he was very important. When he croaked, the water-snails listened politely. And the water-beetles always swam behind him. He was very happy there.One day, while he was catching flies, a pretty dragon-fly passed by. ‘You’re a very fine frog,’ she sang, ‘but why don’t you live in a bigger pond? Come to my pond. You’ll find a lot of frogs there. You’ll meet some fine fish, and you’ 11 see the dangerous ducks. And you must see our lovely water-lilies. Life in a large pond is wonderful!’‘Perhaps it is rather dull here,’ thought the foolish frog. So he hopped after the dragon-fly.But he didn’t like the big, d eep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water-snails were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks. The fish didn’t like him, and he wasthe smallest frog there. He was lonely and unhappy.He sat on a water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, ‘I don’t like it here.I think I’ll go home tomorrow.’But a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.Lesson 3Section ITask 1: I Don’t See It That WayA.Conversation 1:1.Choose the best answer for each of the following statements.(1) — (2): ba2.Give brief answers to the following questions.(1)About 6 months ago.(2)It is defective and has ruined 4 of the customer’s favorite cassettes.(3)6 months.(4)10 days ago.3.Blank-filling.(1)bend the rule, make an exception for, make an exception for(2)adding insult to injury, make good on(3)brought it in, hold me to, onB.Conversation 2:1.Multiple choice. (1) — (2): ba2.True or False Questions. (1) — (4): FTTTC.Conversation 3:1.Give brief answers to the following questions.(1)Single.(2)5 years.(3)He has been loyal to the company and worked quite hard.(4)Asking for a raise.(5)Bob does his job adequately, but he doesn’t do it well enough to deservea raise.(6)Take more initiative and show more enthusiasm for the job.(7)To quit his job.(8)That’s a decision Bob will have to make for himself.Task 2: marriage CustomsA.Blank-filling.Speaker: Professor Robin StuartTopic: Marriage customs in different parts of the world; romantic business; arranged marriage; on the day of the wedding; arranged marriages; to have a look at one another; call the whole thing off; the wedding goes ahead; several wives.Conclusion: just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as theWestern systems of choosing marriage partners.B.True or False Questions.1 — 3: TFTSection IITask 1: At the Dentist’sA.Multiple Choice. 1 — 4: baccB.True of False Questions. 1 — 6: FTFFTTTask 2: HiccupsA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.He wants her to help him stop his hiccups.2. 3 hours.3.Everything he can think of.4.She’ll give the man 5 pounds if he hiccups again.5.The man has stopped hiccupping and owes Rosemary 5 pounds.B.Identification.(1) — (b), (2) — (d), (3) — (e), (4) — (a), (5) — (c) Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: the Chinese then?Reason: “What about” suggests an alternative.2.Answer: they’ll still be hot when you get back.Reason: The woman’s words suggest that the shop is very close to their home.3.Hint: The woman is asking the man to buy a pack of fish and chips from a nearbyshop.Answer: there’s a queue.Reason: The phrase “not if” suggests a condition that hinders the fulfillment of an action.4.Answer: a good idea.Reason: The word “yes” shows an agreement.5.Answer: being a machine for that money.Reason: “I wouldn’t mind”suggests that the man will do what the woman doesn’t want because of certain attractive conditions.6.Answer: I want to play drums.Reason: The earlier sentence suggests that the man does not play drum for money.Consequently the explanation must be that he enjoys playing it.Task 2: DictationSleepIt’s clear that eve ryone needs to sleep. Most people rarely think about how and why they sleep, however. We know that if we sleep well, we feel rested. If we don’t sleep enough, we often feel tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional and psychological rest: We need to rest our bodies and ourminds. Both are important in order for us to be healthy. Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. The passive sleep gives our body the rest that’s needed and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs.Throughout the night, people alternate between passive and active sleep. The brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. The cycle is repeated: the brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night~. During eight hours of sleep, people dream for a total d one and half hours on the average.Lesson 4Section ITask 1: Weather ForecastA.Multiple Choice. 1 — 2: acB.Fill in the following chart.Task 2: The 5 O’clock NewsA.Fill in the following chart.B.Give brief answers to the following questions based on the news report.1.It was closed down by government authorities.2.Testing confirmed that the town had been poisoned be the dumping of toxic chemicalsin town dumps.3. 3 weeks ago.4.200.5.Headaches, stomachaches, faintness and dizziness.6.Toxic wastes had leaked into the ground and contaminated the water supply.7.All the residents should leave the area, until the chemical company responsiblefor the toxic waste can determine whether the town can be cleaned up and made safe again.C.True of False Questions. 1—6: FTTFFTD.Fill in the following blanks (based on the news report).Teams Playing Result(1) Mexico — France 7 to 6(2) Canada — Argentina 3 to 3(3) Italy — Haiti2 to 1(with 30 minutes left to go)Section IITask 1: What Do You Like for Entertainment?A.Blank-filling.Reporter: Deborah TylerInterviewee: Students of the Brooklyn Academy of Dramatic ArtsMajor: Benny Gross —— pianoKimberley Martins —— modern danceB.Fill in the following chart about how often Benny and Kimberley go to the eight formsof artistic entertainment.C.Rearrange the forms of artistic entertainment that Benny and Kimberley like,beginning with the form that each one likes best.Benny: (3)—(1)—(4)—(6)—(2)—(8)Kimberley: (2)—(4)—(1)—(7)—(3)—(8)Task 2: Are You a Heavy Smoker?A.True or False Questions. 1—6: TFTTFTB.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cbcbacC.Blank-filling.Name: Doris BradleySex: femaleAge: 32Amount: 3 packets of 20 a weekFirst experience:Time: at the age of 17Place: at a partyOffered by: boyfriend, not husbandFeeling; awfully grown-upLater: started smoking 2 or 3 a day and gradually increased.Experience of giving up smoking: twice1. Time: 6 months before getting marriedReason: saving upResult: only cut it down from 30 a day, still smoked a little2. Time: when expecting a babyReason: according to doctor’s adviceResult: gave up completely for 7 or 8 months and took it up a couple of weeks after the baby was born, because the baby was being bottle fed.Time when she smokes most:1. watching TV2. reading books3. in company4. with friendsTime when she never smokes:1. doing the housework2. on an empty stomachSection IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: They’d be exhausted at the end of each performance.Reason: “Otherwise” suggests a result of the opposite condition.2.Answer: I enjoyed it very much.Reason: “Apart from that I must say” often suggests an opposite statement toearlier comments.3.Answer: I stayed up late to finish it.Reason: “And” suggests that the speaker would finish the book at one sit.4.Answer: the book never really got started at all.Reason: After an opinion of agreement, the phrase “in fact”suggests a further comment; the expression “it’s only honest to say” usually introducesa confession- something which is probably not as good as the one mentioned.5.Answer: I tend to skip parts that don’t really hold my interest.Reason: “Otherwise” sugges ts a result of the opposite condition.6.Answer: it was rather long.Reason: “I must admit” suggests an agreement to the other person’s opinion. Task 2: DictationBooks Belong to the PastSir,I visited my old school yesterday. It hasn’t changed in thirty years. The pupils were sitting in the same desks and reading the same books. When are schools going to move into the modern world? Books belong to the past. In our homes radio and television bring us knowledge of the world. We can see and hear the truth for ourselves. If we want entertainment most of us prefer a modern film to a classical novel. In the business world computers store information, so that we no longer need encyclopaedias and dictionaries. But in the schools teachers and pupils still use books. There should be a radio and television set in every classroom, and a library of tapes and records in every school. The children of today will rarely open a book when they leave school. The children of tomorrow won’t need to read and Write at all.M. P. MillerLondonLesson 5Section ITask 1: An Unpleasant TripA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.The Isle of Wight.2.They were not pleased with their hotel.3.He decided to write to the Manager of Happytours.4. A travel Agency.5.The hotel and travel arrangements.6.They will never book any future holidays through Happytours.B.Fill in he blanks with the words used in the brochure and by Mr. Wilson to describethe hotel and travel arrangement.Task 2: At the Travel AgencyA.Multiple Choice. 1—6: acbbcaB.True or False Questions. 1—6: TFTTFTC.Fill in the blanks with the two things that Miss Bush will do.1.her two friends, to stop over with her on the way back.2.Mr. Adams to stop with her in Cairo.Section IIA Saturday AfternoonA.Identification.Name IdentificationGillian Dr. Carmichael’s new researchassistantDr. Carmichael the president of St. Alfred’sHospitalMaurice Featherstone the gardener of the hospitalB.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cbaacaC.True or False Questions. 1—8: FFTF TFTTD.Fill in the blanks with information about Maurice.Name: Maurice FeatherstoneSex: maleAge: oldAppearance: clear, blue, honest eyes; white hair and a pinkish complexionTemperament: gentle and mild-manneredLength of stay in the hospital: 35 yearsReasons for entering the hospital:1.When he was 17, he burnt down his school.2.Over the next few years, there were a number of mysterious fires in hisneighborhood.ter he tried to set fire to the family mansion.Visits from family members: No.Bills: paid on time.E.Blank-filling.1.slightly uneasy, unlocked the gates, waved her through2.withdrawn, depressed, normal, kept locked up, all of them, too dangerous to livein normal society.3.with the staff, a surprise, let him go out for the afternoon, flower show, quiteexcited, a birthday cake, decorated the lounge.Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: he fails to employ the correct question form.Reason: “Consequently” suggests a result of the facts mentioned earlier.2.Answer: difficulties may still arise.Reason: “even when” suggests that in spite facts, something else still exists.3.Answer: the student may not have clearly heard what was said.Reason: “In other words” is often followed by an explanation in clearer and easier words.4.Answer: may feel angry at receiving such orders.Reason: “However” suggests an opposite fact.5.Answer: whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to producefuel.Reason: “That is” is also followed by an explanation.6.Answer: a small industrial sector.Reason: “At the same time” suggests the coexistence of two things. Here prediction is also based on common knowledge.Task 2: DictationThe School Holidays Are Too LongToday the children of this country have at last returned to work. After two months’ holiday pupils have started a new term. How many adults get such long holidays? Two to four weeks in the summer and public holidays--that’s all the working man gets. As for the average woman, she’s lucky to get a holiday at all. Children don’t need such long holidays. In term-time they start work later and finish earlier than anyone else.In the holidays most of them get bored, and some get into trouble. What a waste! If their overworked parents were given more free time instead, everyone would be happier.This isn’t just a national problem either--it’s worldwide.Dates may be different from country to country, b ut the pattern’s the same. Why should children do half as much work and get twice as much holiday as their parents?Lesson 6Section ITask 1: In the Path of the EarthquakeA.True or False Questions. 1—6: FTFTFFB.Map 1 is a layout of the Skinners’ farm. Mark out the plants and buildings in themap. Then in map 2 draw a new plan of the Skinners farm after the quake.Map 1:1. farm house2. garden path3. cypresstrees4. rose garden5. eucalyptus trees6. raspberrypatch7. cow shed 8. granaryMap 2:Task 2: A Funny Thing Happened to Me.A.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cabbcaB.Give brief answers to the following questions.st Friday.2.He was a student.3.In London.4.By taxi.5.The taxi got stuck in a traffic jam and the train had left by the time he gotto the station.6. 1 hour.7.The station buffet.8.An evening newspaper, the “Standard”.9.At a table near the window.10.He did the crossword puzzle.C.True or False Questions.1—6: FFTTFTD.Blank-filling.1.reached across, opened, took one, dipped, into, popped it into.2.get up and go, pushed back, stood up, hurried out of.Section IIConsolidation: A Very Beautiful StoryA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. A tape from Gentleman Jim.2.Yesterday.3.Jim’s wife.4.There was a message hidden in the tape.5.Half the police force in London and 3 experts.6.Nothing had been found yet.7.Happy memories and things.8.In his words.B.True or False Statements.1—8: FTFF TTFTC.Discuss with your classmates what message is hidden in Gentleman Jim’s recording.D.Listen to the 2nd part of the policeman’s discussion and list all the things theyfeel unusual about Gentleman Jim’s recording.1.Jim keeps telling his wife to play the message over and over again.2.Jim tells his wife that she’ll find something comforting.3.Jim keeps saying “very beautiful” over and over again.4.The speech doesn’t sound natural.E.Listen to Gentleman Jim’s recording again and work out the message.Answer: There are 2 gold bricks in the garden under the big red rose tree.Section IIITask 1: Listening to Predict1.Answer: a glance at the headings of sections or sub-sections will show the orderin which the items are introduced.Reason: “In addition” is followed by a supplementary idea. Prediction here is also based on common knowledge.2.Answer: providing a summary which can be re-read later.Reason: “As well as” is often followed by an idea of the same importance as the one before “as well as”.3.Answer: may not appear in a bibliography.Reason: “However” suggests an opposite idea.4.Answer: (no more than try to cover the most important ones here.Reason: “Therefore” suggests a result.5.Answer: it doesn’t.Reason: “Unfortunately” suggests that something opposite to one’s expectation will happen.6.Answer: it’s still important.Reason: “Though” suggests that in spite of the fact that follows, something still happens.Task 2: DictationSign LanguageDeaf people, people who can’t hear, are still able to communicate quite well with a special language. It’s called sign language. The speaker of sign language uses hand gestures in order to communicate. Basic sign language has been used for a long, long time, but sign language wasn’t really developed until about 250 years ago. In the middle of the 1700s a Frenchman named Epée developed sign language. Epée was able to speak and hear, but he worked during most of h is life as a teacher of deaf people in France. Epée developed a large number of vocabulary words for sign language. Epée taught these words to his deaf students. Epée’s system used mostly picture :image signs. We call them picture image signs because the signs create a picture. For example, the sign for sleep is to put both hands together, and then to place the hands flat against the right side of your face, and then to lower your head slightly to the right. This action was meant to show the position of sleep. So we call it a picture image sign.Lesson 7Section ITask 1: Learning a Foreign LanguageA.Multiple Choice. 1—4: bcaaB.True or False Questions. 1—4: FTTFC.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Albert Humphries.2.Balham, London.3. 4 years.4.He has been going to an evening class and has watched quite a lot of the BBCtelevision programmes.5.They use a different book in the class.6.They make the same mistakes as he does.7.It means being able to put together the right groups of words and to say themin a reasonably accurate way.Task 2: In the LibraryA.Multiple Choice. 1—6: bbcacaB.True or False Questions. 1—6: TTFTFTC.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Round the corner.2. A 20p a day fine for each book.3.Tahiti.4.No.D.Blank-filling.1. 5 pounds, you damage them, entitles you, 2 records at a time, everything available,be much more popular than.2.telephone to renew the books.3.we get back, worth all the bother, some paperbacks in the airport, I’ve beensuch a nuisance.Section IITask 1: Lessoned World CollegesA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1．On the phone.2．Some information about the college.3．Robert Creighton.4．Julian’s friend in Spain.5．English.6．No. There are scholarships for all colleges, but parents will have to pay too.7．Yes. But academic ability is not the only thing important. Personal qualities will also be considered.8．Maturity, the ability to get on well with people from different countries.B.Blank-filling.1.the line, put you through to2.Pacific College, French, may be taught in Italian3.painting and modern dancing4.probably, the staff at the college, special activities, theatre studies,。

lesson 09PADI Instructor trainingBecome a PADI professional today Train in the tropical Florida Catherine has just left school and she wants to find a job. She and her mother have come to speak to the Careers Advisory Officer.Listen to their conversation.Officer: Oh, come in, take a seat. I'm the Careers Officer. You're Cathy, aren't you?Mother: That's right. This is Catherine Hunt, and I'm her mother.Officer: How do you do, Mrs Hunt. Hello, Catherine.Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.Officer: And you'd like some advice about choosing a career?Mother: Yes, she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine?Cathy: Yes, Please.Officer: Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin with. How old are you, Catherine?Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's almost nineteen. She'll be nineteen next month.Officer: And what qualifications have you got?Mother: Well, qualifications from school of course. Very good results she got. And she's got certificates for ballet and for playing the piano.Officer: Is that what you're interested in, Catherine, dancing and music?Cathy: Well ...Mother: Ever since she was a little girl she's been very keen on her music and dancing. She ought to be a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to get the right job, aren't you, Catherine?Cathy: Well, if it's a good idea.Mother: There you are, you see. She's good girl really. A bit lazy and disorganized sometimes, but she's very bright. I'm sure the Careers Officer will have lots of jobs for you.Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not as easy as that. There are many young people these days who can't find the job they want.Mother: I told you so, Catherine. I told you shouldn't wear that dress. You have to look smart to get a job these days.Officer: I think she looks very nice. Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for a moment and look at some of the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like to see how we can help young people.Mother: Yes, I'd love to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a very nice teacher. She could work with young children. She'd like that. Or she could be a vet. She's always looking after sick animals.Officer: I'm afraid there's a lot of competition. You need very good results to be a vet. This way, Mrs. Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine.* * *Officer: There are just one or two more things, Catherine.Cathy: Do call me Cathy.Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you really interested in being a vet?Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm not brilliant. I'm afraid my mother is a bit over-optimistic.Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum?Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.Officer: I'm sure she is. So, you're interested in ballet and music, are you?Cathy: Not really. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good, I suppose. But I don't think I want to do that for the rest of my life, especially music. It's so lonely.Officer: What do you enjoy doing?Cathy: Well, I like playing tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with the school choir last year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests—things that would help me to get a job?Officer: No. I'm more interested in what you really want to do. You like talking to people, do you?Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting new people.Officer: Do you think you would enjoy teaching?Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was never very interested in school work, and I'd like to do something different. Anyway, there's a teacher training college very near us. It would be just like going to school again.Officer: So you don't want to go on training?Cathy: Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something useful. I wondered about being a hairdresser—you meet lots of people, and you learn to do something properly—but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile.Officer: What about nursing?Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I couldn't do that, I'm not good enough.Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good qualifications in English and Maths. But it is very hard work.Cathy: Oh, I don't mind that.Officer: And it's not very pleasant sometimes.Cathy: That doesn't worry me either. Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. I looked after our dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worried about the dog. Do you really think I could be a nurse?Officer: I think you could be a very good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course.Cathy: I rather think I should enjoy that.Officer: Well, don't decide all at once. Here's some information about one or two other things which might suit you. Have a look through it before you make up your mind.Speaker 1. When I was at university, I was—I was horrified by what had happened to a lot of my friends by the time they reached the end of the course. Having spent their university careers being all the things one is at university—clever, artistic, very noisy—at the end of their time they all seemed to take entry exams for the ... the Civil Service, and there were some of them who went ... huh ... went as low as to go into the Tax Office huh. How grey, how grey, I thought. But now huh. well, look at me!Speaker 2. The circular letters I get drive me absolutely mad, from American Express, etc. They're sent to my work address and they're all addressed to Mr. S Andrews! Obviously they found the name on some published list and assumed that anybody who wasn't a secretary must of course be a man. It's stupid really, because the Company does put Mr. or Ms. in front of the names on its departmental lists, but perhaps because they naturally assume it's a man, they're just blind to the women's names amongst the heads of departments.Speaker 3. I work in London at er ... a large hospital as a nursing officer. It's erm ... it's what a lot of people call a male nurse, which I think is the most ridiculous term I've ever come across. It ... sort of implies that a nurse ought to be female and that by being male I'm different, but er ... the idea still carries on. The other thing is that people always say 'I suppose you really wanted to be a doctor', just because I'm a man. They can't imagine that I really wanted to be a nurse and that er ... erm ... it wasn't just that I failed to be a doctor. And ... what they don't realize is the work's completely different, you know as a ... a male nurse you've much more contact with the er ... patients and, you know, a long term responsibility for their ... their welfare huh. There's no way I'd want to be a doctor. Well, except for the money of course.Speaker 4. Whenever I say I'm a bank manager, half the time people tend to laugh. I've never understood why. I suppose bank managers do have a rather stuffy bourgeois image, but I can't see why it's funny.Speaker 5. I'm a sales representative, what used to be called a travelling salesman, and for some reason there's lots of dirty jokes about travelling salesmen. Can't think why. Well, I suppose it's because they tend to travel a lot, you know, a night here, a night there. Well, people get the idea they're not particularly dependable, sort of fly by nights I suppose, you know, wife in every port. But it aint true, I promise you.Speaker 6. I'm an apprentice hairdresser. I enjoy the work very much. I'm learning a lot, not just about hair, but how to get along with people. I'm gaining confidence 'cos I never had that at school. I left as soon as I could. I hated it. I remember teachers used to look down on jobs like hairdressing. They were ever so stuck up. They thought that only girls who were a bit dim went in for hairdressing, but I'm not dim at all. If I work hard in the salon and get all my certificates, if I save hard, in a few years I could start my own business, and I'd be earning five times as much as those old bags at school!Interviewer: Well, we heard some people just now who seem to feel that other people have a wrong idea about the work they do. Do you think this sort of thing is very widespread?Sociologist: Oh absolutely. Most jobs or professions seem to have an image or a stereotype attached to them, often much to the irritation of the job holders. But there is a serious point to all this, too, that maybe young people actually choose their careers under the influence of these false images. And certainly, there is evidence that they may even avoid certain careers because they have a negative image. Well, on a large scale, as you can imagine, this could cause problems for whole sectors of the economy.Interviewer: Er, you say there's evidence?Sociologist: Oh most definitely. There was a survey recently into children's attitudes to different professions.Interviewer: How was that done, though? Because, after all, children don't know much about the world of work before they get into it.Sociologist: Well, exactly. What the investigators wanted to get at was their impressions and their prejudices. They used a very simple technique. They gave the children twelve pairs of statements. In each pair one statement was positive, the other was its opposite.Interviewer: For example?Sociologist: Well, for example, 'Such and such a person is likely to be boring or interesting company.'Interviewer: I see. What professions did they ask about?Sociologist: (laugh) Do you want the whole list?Interviewer: Well, why not?Sociologist: OK. Here goes. They looked at: physicists, lawyers, economists, accountants, sales representatives, estate agents, biologists, and three types of engineer—mechanical engineers, electrical and civil. The children were asked to say which of the statements was 'most true' about each profession. Interviewer: And the results?Sociologist: Well, they were rather striking concerning one profession in particular, the poor old engineer. Of all the jobs mentioned, he came out really much worse than you might expect. The vast majority of children (90% in the case of the mechanical engineer), thought that engineering was a 'dirty job'. They also thought the job was of 'low status' and 'subordinate'; that is, the engineer is more likely to take orders than to give them. Oh, and insecure too. The only other person they thought more likely to actually lose his job was the sales representative. But，I must say there were good points too. Engineering was seen to be 'interesting, well paid' work.Interviewer: Hmm, not such a rosy picture, really.Sociologist: No ... but it got better when the children were asked about how they imagined the engineer as a person. The majority of the children chose positive comments, except that they thought the engineer was likely to be badly rather than well dressed. (laugh)Interviewer: Well, what about the other professions, then? Erm ... what came out favourite, for example?Sociologist: Oh the lawyer without a doubt. He collected by far the greatest number of positive opinions. The sales representative and then the estate agent were right at the bottom.Interviewer: Oh, so the engineers weren't right down there?Sociologist: Oh no! The children's ratings put them just above the poor old sales representative all bunched together. Probably the children don't have that much of an idea of their real work. I think they ... (laughs) ... they went by the titles, really, since civil engineer came out top, perhaps the suggestion of the name?Interviewer: Oh, I see. You mean that he was a ... a more civilized sort of chap than the others?Sociologist: (laughs) Yes, right. Reasonable sounding, isn't it?Interviewer: Yes. Quite sensible, I suppose. And I imagine the mechanical engineer came out bottom?Sociologist: Absolutely right. In fact 90% of the children associated him with dirty work, as against 76% for the electrical engineer and 68% for the civil engineer.Interviewer: And the other professions?Sociologist: Well, after the lawyer came the accountant; then the scientists, the physicist first. The economist came just above the engineers. Funnily enough, he was the only one that the majority of children felt would be gloomy rather than cheerful.Interviewer: A real sign of the times, that.Sociologist: Yes. But I still think the most serious implication of the results of the survey was the children's apparent ignorance of the importance of the engineer's role in society.Interviewer: Hmm.Sociologist: After all, in most other European countries to be an engineer is to be somebody. And I imagine that this means that many bright children, who might really enjoy the profession and do well in it, probably never consider it, which is a great pity for the country as a whole. We do need good engineers after all.1. Bartering is the process by which trade takes place through the exchange of goods.2. Whereas in the past, seashells and spices had no specific value, this new money idea had a stated value.3. However, due to recent economic developments, the world is once again conducting trade by bartering goods for goods.4. We refer to the more valuable currency as hard currency while we term the less valuable money, soft currency.5. In fact, hard currency is usually demanded by the seller, particularly if the seller is from a nation having hard currency.6. Inflation refers to an abnormally rapid increase in prices.7. As a result of the scarcity of hard currency in some nations and the recent high world-wide inflation, it is obvious that the conventional method of payment in hard currency must be supplemented by other types of payment such as bartering.8. Not only is the following illustration a good example of bartering, it also reveals, to a small degree, consumer preferences in beverages in the USSR and the United States.9. It seems that Pepsi-Cola was the first company to introduce cola into the USSR, much to the disappointment of Coca-Cola.10. Of course, bartering presents some great problems that are not always easy to overcome.How to Make WineThis is how wine is made in our winery. After the grapes are picked in late summer, they are pressed so that all the juice runs out. Then the juice is separated from the skins and pips and it is put into large containers and left to ferment. Later, it is put into smaller containers. Then it is left for about a year when it is put into bottles. If it is a good wine, the bottles are kept for several years but the cheaper wines are sold immediately.Alan SimpsonThe mystery of the man found wandering in the city centre has now been solved. The man, whose name is now known to be Alan Simpson, is a medical student. Mr. Simpson was taking part in an experiment conducted by the university department of psychology, when he walked away, unnoticed by the staff supervising the experiment. He has now regained his memory, and has left hospital. Several people, including his sister, April Simpson, telephoned the police to identify Mr. Simpson after seeing his picture in the press.第九课>>Section OneTask1 Willing to TrainKey to ExercisesA. True or false Questions. Write a T in front of a statement if it is true according to the recording and write an F if it is false.1. T2. T3. F4. TB. Fill in the blanks with information about Catherine based on her own statement.Name: Catherine HuntAge: almost nineteenQualification:1. qualifications from school, very good results2. certificates for ballet and for playing the pianoInterests:1. tennis2. swimming3. travelling4. talking to peopleIntelligence: reasonably intelligentC. Give brief answers to the following questions.1. Dancing and music.2. A good girl. A bit lazy and disorganized sometimes, but very bright.3. Be a teacher or a vet.4. Because she believes that Cathy likes working with young children and looking after sick animals.5. She wants to talk to Cathy, not her mother.6. No. She is not bright enough to be a vet and wants to find something different from school work.7. Yes, if it is for something useful.8. Nursing, because she has good qualifications in English and Maths.9. Very hard work, not very pleasant sometimes.10. At first she is afraid she is not good enough. Later she thinks she should enjoy that.D. Complete the following sentences.1. Ever since she was a little girl she's been very keen on her music and dancing. She ought to be a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to get the right job.2. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good, I suppose. But, I don't want to do that for the rest of my life, especially music. It's so lonely.3. I went to France with the school choir last year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests --- things that would help me to get a job.4. I wondered about being a hairdresser --- you meet lots of people, and you learn to do something properly --- but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile.5. I do look after sick animals. I looked after our dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worried about the dog.Section TwoTask 1 How do others Think of My Job?Key to ExercisesA. Fill in the following chart.sex job stereotype of the jobSpeaker 1 male work in Civil Service or Tax Office greySpeaker 2 female manager of a department It's a man's job.Speaker 3 male nursing officer in a hospital He should be a doctor, for nursing is a woman's job.Speaker 4 male bank manager stuffy, bourgeois, funnySpeaker 5 male sales representative not dependable, wife in every portSpeaker 6 female apprentice dresser for dim girlsB. Give brief answers to the following questions.1. Clever, artistic, very noisy.2. To Mr S. Andrews.3. The Company does put Mr or Ms in front of the names on its departmental list.4. Nursing. Being a male nurse, he has more contact with the patients and a long term responsibility for their welfare.5. They travel and have wife at every port.6. No.7. She is learning a lot about hair and how to get along with people and is gaining confidence.8. She will be able to start her own business and earn five times as much as the teachers.Task 2 Job StereotypesKey to ExercisesA. True of False Questions. Write a T in front of a statement if it is true according to the recording and write an F if it is false.1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. FB. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. a2. b3. a4. a5. b6. c7. b8. bC. Re-list the professions in the survey, beginning with the one that the children took as the most favourite.1. lawyer2. accountant3. physicist4. biologist5. economist6. civil engineer7. electrical engineer8. mechanical engineer9. sales representative10. estate agentD. Fill in the blanks.1. The vast majority of children thought that engineering was a "dirty job". They also thought the job was of "low status" and "subordinate"; that is, the engineer is more likely to take orders than to give orders.2. There were good points, too. Engineering was seen to be ""interesting, well paid" work.Section ThreeTask 1 Learning to RephraseKey to Exercises1. barter = trading goods for goods2. past: seashells spices --- no value money --- stated value3. because economic developments, trade done in barter4. more valuable currency --- hard c.5. seller demand hard c. , esp, from nation with hard c.6. inflation = abnormally rapid price increase7. due to scarcity of hard c. in some nations & world-wide inflation, payments in hard c. be supplemented by other types, e.g. bartering8. the following : example of bartering, consumer preferences in beverages in USSR & USA9. Pepsi -- Cola: 1st introduction of cola to USSR, Coca-Cola unhappy10. Bartering presents serious difficult problemslesson 10Here's the news at 11:30.Thousands of people have marched through the centre of Corby in Northamptonshire to protest against plans to close the steel works, the town's major employer. The marchers demonstrated outside the local British Steel Corporation's headquarters where union leaders are talking about closure plans with the management.Hospital waiting lists in the south west of England have gone up by a quarter in the last five years. While the number of doctors, nurses and other staff have increased, the demand on the service has grown even faster.The EEC is to give another ￡31 million to Britain's poorer areas. The aid from the regional development fund includes ￡13.5 million for Northern Ireland and ￡10 million for industrial improvement and road works in the north of England.In a report on rabies controls, Kent County Council has said that 17 dogs, 5 cats, 2 rabbits and 2 hamsters have been landed illegally at Channel ports in the first nine months of this year. This was seven more than in the same period last year.A derailed coal train at Thirsk in North Yorkshire has disrupted rail services between Newcastle and the south of England.It's time for the news at 3:30 here on Radio I.A girl aged 16 armed with a shotgun held up a class of children at a secondary school in Surrey this morning. Police said that soon after school began at Blair Hill Secondary School, Newton, the girl, armed with a double-barrelled shotgun belonging to her brother, went into one of the classrooms and threatened a teacher and about thirty pupils. A shot was fired into the ceiling as she was being overpowered by police officers.Surgeons at Cambridge have successfully transplanted a pancreas—the organ that produces insulin—in two patients suffering from diabetes. One patient, a 23-year-old electronics worker also had a liver transplant. The other patient, a 55-year-old housewife, had a kidney transplanted at the same time. Both patients are doing well.A stately home owner who allowed a pop concert to be staged in his grounds was fined yesterday for letting a rock band play overtime. The Honourable Frederick Sidgwick Johnson admitted allowing the rock group Led Zepplin to play on after midnight during a concert at his home near Stevenage two months ago. Stevenage magistrates fined him ￡125 with ￡25 costs.Three people have so far been killed in the storms sweeping across the north of England and southern Scotland. A woman was killed in Carlisle when a chimney on a house collapsed and two men were killed when their car crashed into a fallen tree on a country road near Melrose. More high winds and rain are forecast for tonight.Professor Richard Hill is talking about British newspapers.It seems to me that many British newspapers aren't really newspapers at all. They contain news, it is true, but much of this news only appears in print because it is guaranteed to shock, surprise or cause a chuckle.What should we expect to find in a real newspaper? Interesting political articles? Accurate reports of what has been happening in distant corners of the world? The latest news from the stock exchange? Full coverage of great sporting events? In-depth interviews with leading personalities?It is a sad fact that in Britain the real newspapers, the ones that report the facts, sell in thousands, while the popular papers that set out to shock or amuse have a circulation of several million. One's inescapable conclusion is that the vast majority of British readers do not really want a proper newspaper at all. They just want a few pages of entertainment.I buy the same newspaper every day. In this paper political matters, both British and foreign, are covered in full. The editorial column may support government policy on one issue and oppose it on another. There is a full page of book reviews and another devoted to the latest happenings in the theatre, the cinema and the world of art. Stock exchange prices are quoted daily. So are the exchange rates of the world's major currencies. The sports correspondents are among the best in the country, while the standard of the readers' letters is absolutely first-class. If an intelligent person were to find a copy of this paper 50 years from now, he or she would still find it entertaining, interesting and instructive.So my favourite newspaper is obviously very different from those popular papers that have a circulation of several million. But that does not mean that it is 'better' or that they are 'worse'. We are not comparing like with like. A publisher printing a newspaper with a circulation of several million is running a highly successful commercial operation. The people who buy his product are obviously satisfied customers and in a free society everybody should have the right to buy whatever kind of newspaper he pleases.Dave: Dr. Jones, how exactly would you define eccentricity?Dr. Jones: Well, we all have our own particular habits which others find irritating or amusing, but an eccentric is someone who behaves in a totally different manner from those in the society in which he lives.Dave: When you talk about eccentricity, are you referring mainly to matters of appearance?Dr. Jones: Not specifically, no. There are many other ways in which eccentricity is displayed. For instance, some individuals like to leave their mark on this earth with bizarre buildings. Others have the craziest desires which influence their whole way of life.Dave: Can you give me an example?Dr. Jones: Certainly. One that immediately springs to mind was a Victorian surgeon by the name of Buckland. Being a great animal lover he used to share his house openly with the strangest creatures, including snakes, bears, rats, monkeys and eagles.Dave: That must've been quite dangerous at times.Dr. Jones: It was, particularly for visitors who weren't used to having 'pets'—for want of a better word—in the house. They used to get bitten and even attacked. And the good doctor was so interested in animals that he couldn't resist the temptation to sample them as food. So guests who came to dinner had to be prepared for a most unusual menu, mice on toast, roast giraffe. Once he even tried to make soup from elephant's trunk. Strangely, though, his visitors seemed to go back for more.Dave: They must've had very strong stomachs, that's all I can say. Dr. Jones, what particular kind of eccentric are you most interested in from a psychologist'sDr. Jones: I think they're all fascinating, of course, but on the whole I'd say it's the hermit that I find the most intriguing, the type who cuts himself off from the world.Dave: Does one of these stand out in your mind at all?Dr. Jones: Yes, I suppose this century has produced one of the most famous ones: the American billionaire, Howard Hughes.Dave: But he wasn't a recluse all his life, was he?Dr. Jones: That's correct. In fact, he was just the opposite in his younger days. He was a rich young man who loved the Hollywood society of his day. But he began to disappear for long periods when he grew tired of high living. Finally, nobody was allowed to touch his food and he would wrap his hand in a tissue before picking anything up. He didn't even allow a barber to go near him too often and his hair and beard grew down to his waist.Dave: Did he live completely alone?Dr. Jones: No, that was the strangest thing. He always stayed in luxury hotels with a group of servants to take care of him. He used to spend his days locked up in a penthouse suite watching adventure films over and over again and often eating nothing but ice cream and chocolate bars.Dave: It sounds a very sad story.Dr. Jones: It does. But, as you said earlier, life wouldn't be the same without characters like him, would it?1. In the United States we are using more and more oil every day, and the future supply is very limited.2. It is estimated that at the current rate of use, oil may not be a major source of energy after only 25 more years.3. We have a lot of coal under the ground, but there are many problems with mining it, transporting it, and developing a way to burn it without polluting the air.4. Production of new nuclear power plants has slowed down because of public concern over the safety of nuclear energy.5. The government once thought that we would be getting 20 percent of our electricity from nuclear energy by the 1970's, but nuclear energy still produced only about 12 percent of our power as of 1979.6. There is no need to purchase fuel to operate a solar heating system because sunshine is free to everyone.7. Because solar systems depend on sunshine, they can't always provide 100% of your heat.8. Solar heating can be used in most areas of the United States, but it is most practical in areas where there is a lot of winter sunshine, where heat is necessary, and where fuel is expensive.9. A hot-liquid system operates in basically the same way except the hot-liquid system contains water instead of air; and the storage unit is a large hot water tank instead of a container of hot rocks.10. Then energy from the sun may provide the answer to our need for a new, cheap, clean source of energy.Voice AnalysisIf we want to measure voice features very accurately, we can use a voice analyser. A voice analyser can show four characteristics of a speaker's voice. No two speakers' voices are alike. To get a voice sample, you have to speak into the voice analyser. The voice analyser is connected to a computer. From just a few sentences of normal speech, the computer can show four types of information about your voice. It will show nasalization, loudness, frequency and length of articulation. The first element, nasalization, refers to how much air normally goes through your nose when you talk. The second feature of voice difference is loudness. Loudness is measured in decibels. The number of decibels in speaking is determined by the force of air that comes from the lungs. The third feature of voice variation is frequency. By frequency we mean the highness or lowness of sounds. The frequency of sound waves is measured in cycles per second. Each sound of a language will produce a different frequency. The final point of voice analysis concerns the length of articulation for each sound. This time length is measured in small fractions of a second. From all four of these voice features—length of articulation, frequency, loudness and nasalization—the voice analyser can give an exact picture of a person's voice.第十课>>Section OneTask 1 News Summary IKey to ExercisesA. True or False Questions. Write a T in front of a statement if it is true according to the recording and write an F if it is false.1. F2. F3. T 4, F 5. TB. Fill in the blanks.1. The marchers demonstrated outside the local British Steel Corporation's headquarters where union leaders are talking about closure plans with the。

英语中级听力参考答案Answer Keys to Listen to This: 2Edited by莫显良、马军军、张凤英、陈燕L 1L 2L 3L 4L 5L 6L 7L 8L 9L 10 L 11L 12L 13L 14L 15L 16L 17L 18L 19L 20 L 21L 22L 23L 24L 25L 26L 27L 28L 29L 30 L 31L 32L 33L 34L 35L 36Lesson 1Section ITask 1: This Is Your Life!A.Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete each of the following statements.1—6: caacbaB.True or False Questions.1—6: TFFFFTC.Identification.(1)—(b), (2)—(d), (3)—(f), (4)—(g), (5)—(a), (6)—(c), (7)—(e)plete the following résumé for Jason Douglas.Name: Jason DouglasFormer name: Graham SmithProfession: actorDate of birth: July 2, 19471952: started school1958: moved to Lane End Secondary School1966: went to the London School of Drama1969: left the London School of Drama1973: went to Hollywood1974: were in a movie with Maria MontroseTask 2: What Are Your Ambitions?A.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Radio Station QRX.2.For a survey.3.Four.4.Six.5.(1) What’s your name?(2) What do you do for a living?(3) What do you do for fun?(4) What’s the most exciting thing that’s happened to you recently?(5) Who do you admire most in this world?(6) What do you want to be doing five years from now?B.Fill in the following chart with answers that each interviewee gives to the questions.Section IIA.Choose the best answer (a, b or c) for each of the following questions.1—6: abaccbB.True or False Questions.1—4: FTFFC.Fill in the following chart with information about the journey the Roman army madeaccording to Trevor.Designation: D CompanyNumber of men: one hundred and moreJourney: from France to BritainMeans of transcript: boatWeather conditions: stormyFood: cat foodDrink: rain waterConditions of weapons after landing: uselessFighting: noneEquipment lost or damaged: boat lost, guns full of water, supplies of wine lostSoldiers killed or wounded: about ten survivors, all others drowned or killed by coldD.Point out what is not true in Trevor’s story.The following did not exist in Roman times:petrol, newspaper, matches, trousers, tinned food, taps, guns, wine bottles.50 BC could not appear on a coin. 50-55 BC is counting backwards.E.Fill in the blanks according to what you hear on the tape.1.terrible, stormy, or more of us, shut in, so bad, sick, stuffy.2.pushed up onto the sands, climbed out, jumping into the, struggling to the, up to my shoulder,freezing.3.came and took us away, joined, going into the camp, a hot meal, clean clothes, given our pay. Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: trying to write a letterReason: The speaker’s question suggests he needs a quiet surrounding to do something.2.Hint: the first speaker is a guest complaining about the conditions of Room 43 which is asingle room. The second speaker is a hotel clerk who suggests that the guest move to a double room.Answer: is the only single room available at the momentReason: The phrase “I’m afraid” often suggests a negative or unsatisfying answer.3.Answer: Where on earth did you get it?Reason: The second speaker’s surprised tone shows that the money is out of her expectation and she must be curious about how it is gained.4.Answer: You mustn’t discriminate against someone just because they are married.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.5.Answer: I wouldn’t mind being a prince.Reason: The man’s questioning tone shows he doesn’t agree with the woman.6.Answer: I’m not a workaholic.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.7.Answer: he had been.Reason: “But” and “possibly” both give some hint.Task 2: DictationPassage 1: The KnowledgeBecoming a London taxi driver isn’t easy. In o rder to obtain a licence to drive a taxi in London, candidates have to pass a detailed examination. They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks and hotels, but also the quickest way to get there. This is called “The Knowledge” by London Cab drivers and it can take years of study and practice to get ‘The Knowledge’. Candidates are examined not only onthe quickest routes but also on the quickest routes at different times of the day. People who want to pass the examination spend much of their free time driving or even cycling around London, studying maps and learning the huge street directory by heart.Passage 2: The UndergroundTravelling on the London underground (the ‘tube’) presents few difficulties for visitors because of the clear colour- coded maps. It is always useful to have plenty of spare change with you because there are often long queues at the larger stations. If you have enough change you can buy your ticket from a machine. You will find signs which list the stations in alphabetical order, with the correct fares, near the machines. There are automatic barriers which are operated by the tickets. You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the destination.Lesson 2Section ITask1: Film EditingA.True or False Questions.1—4: TFTFB.Fill in the following blanks to give a clear picture of what needs to be done before a film isready for distribution.1. The assistant:a. “Synching up” which means matching sound and pictures according to the numbers stampedalong the edge of the film and sound tape.b. “Logging” which means recording the detail version of the film and the sound in a log book.2. The film editor:a. Make a first selection of the best takes.b. Prepare a “rough cut”– an initial version of the film.c. Prepare the “fine cut”– the final form of the film.3. Others:a. Approve the fine cut.b. “Dubbing” which means voices, music, background noises and sometimes special effects areput together.c. The “neg”cutters cut the original negatives on the film so that these match the edited filmexactly.Task 2: A Vision of the FutureA.Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.1—6: abacccB.True of False Questions.1—4: TFTFC.Fill in the blanks to give a clear picture of the problems New York faces in the movie.1.40 million2.have no apartment, sleep on the steps of the building, crawl over sleeping people to get inside.3.nothing will grow, they never see the sun.4.soylent: soylent red, soylent yellow, and soylent green. 2, soybeans, soylent green, oceanplants.5.90 degree.6.electricity, ride bicycles to make it.Section IITask 1: American IndiansA.Answer the following questions briefly.1.1492.2.He thought that he had arrived in India.3.They were kind to them and wanted to help.4.(1) They wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves; (2) More immigrants came fromEurope.5.It was their mother. Everything came from and went back to their mother. And it was foreverybody.6.They started fighting back.7.By 1875 the Indians had lost the fight and had to live in “reservations”.8.The Indians are bad and the White man is good and brave in Hollywood films.B.Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.1—4: acbcTask 2: New AustraliansA.Identification:1.(1)—(d), (2)—(b), (3)—(a), (4)—(c)2.(a) more than 15 million,(b) 160, 000,(c) the year 1851,(d) 700, 000B.True or False questions.1—6: FTFFTTC.Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following time expressions.1.Italiansa.the 1850s and 1860s: Different states in Italy were fighting for independence and someItalians went to Australia for political reasons. Some others went there for gold.b.1891: The first group of 300 Italians went to work in the sugar-cane fields of northernAustralia.c.The end of the 19th century: Some good Italian fishermen went to western Australia.2.Greeksa.1830: The first Greeks went to work in vineyards in south-eastern Australia.b.The 1860s; There were about 500 Greeks in Australia.c.1890; There were Greek Cafes and restaurants all over Sydney and out in the countryside.d.After WWII: Many Greeks arrived in Australia.Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: It’s good exercise. Keeps you fit.Reason: The word “yeah”suggests that the boy will say something in agreement with the woman’s comment.2.Answer: We turn the music up really loud and start dancing.Reason: The phrase “why not” suggests that the boys will simply dance in the street.3.Answer: They can’t do it like me yet.Reason: The word “but” suggests an opposite meaning.4.Answer: It’s a very old book.Reason: The word “actually” also suggests an opposite meaning.5.Answer: Write down your address and I’ll get the boy to bring them round.Reason: The conversation takes place in a store. If the store owner agrees to deliver the goods, the only thing he wants to know will be the address of the customer.6.Answer: Tell us all about it over dinner.Reason: The woman sounds very much interested in the man’s experience. So she will certainly ask the man to tell her something about it.Task 2: DictationThe Foolish FrogOnce upon a time a big, fat frog lived in a tiny shallow pond. He knew every plant and stone in it, and he could swim across it easily. He was the biggest creature in the pond, so he was very important. When he croaked, the water-snails listened politely. And the water-beetles always swam behind him. He was very happy there.One day, while he was catching flies, a pretty dragon-fly passed by. ‘You’re a very fine frog,’ she sang, ‘but why don’t you live in a bigger pond? Come to my pond. You’ll find a lot of frogs there. You’ll meet some fine fish, and you’ 11 see the dangerous ducks. And you must see our lovely water-lilies. Life in a large pond is wonderful!’‘Perhaps it is rather dull here,’ thought the foolish frog. So he hopped after the dragon-fly.But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water-snails were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks. The fish didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He was lonely and unhappy.He sat on a water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, ‘I don’t like it here. I think I’ll go home tomorrow.’But a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.Lesson 3Section ITask 1: I Don’t See It That WayA.Conversation 1:1.Choose the best answer for each of the following statements.(1) — (2): ba2.Give brief answers to the following questions.(1)About 6 months ago.(2)It is defective and has ruined 4 of the customer’s favorite cassettes.(3) 6 months.(4)10 days ago.3.Blank-filling.(1)bend the rule, make an exception for, make an exception for(2)adding insult to injury, make good on(3)brought it in, hold me to, onB.Conversation 2:1.Multiple choice. (1) — (2): ba2.True or False Questions. (1) — (4): FTTTC.Conversation 3:1.Give brief answers to the following questions.(1)Single.(2) 5 years.(3)He has been loyal to the company and worked quite hard.(4)Asking for a raise.(5)Bob does his job adequately, but he doesn’t do it well enough to deserve a raise.(6)Take more initiative and show more enthusiasm for the job.(7)To quit his job.(8)That’s a decision Bob will have to make for himself.Task 2: marriage CustomsA.Blank-filling.Speaker: Professor Robin StuartTopic: Marriage customs in different parts of the world; romantic business; arranged marriage; on the day of the wedding; arranged marriages; to have a look at one another; call the whole thing off; the wedding goes ahead; several wives.Conclusion: just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as the Western systems of choosing marriage partners.B.True or False Questions. 1 — 3: TFTSection IITask 1: At the Dentist’sA.Multiple Choice. 1 — 4: baccB.True of False Questions. 1 — 6: FTFFTTTask 2: HiccupsA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.He wants her to help him stop his hiccups.2. 3 hours.3.Everything he can think of.4.She’ll give the man 5 pounds if he hiccups again.5.The man has stopped hiccupping and owes Rosemary 5 pounds.B.Identification.(1) —(b), (2) —(d), (3) —(e), (4) —(a), (5) —(c)Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: the Chinese then?Reason: “What about” suggests an alternative.2.Answer: they’ll still be hot when you get back.Reason: The woman’s words suggest that the shop is very close to their home.3.Hint: The woman is asking the man to buy a pack of fish and chips from a nearby shop.Answer: there’s a queue.Reason: The phrase “not if” suggests a condition that hinders the fulfillment of an action.4.Answer: a good idea.Reason: The word “yes” shows an agreement.5.Answer: being a machine for that money.Reason: “I wouldn’t mind” suggests that the man will do what the woman doesn’t want because of certain attractive conditions.6.Answer: I want to play drums.Reason: The earlier sentence suggests that the man does not play drum for money.Consequently the explanation must be that he enjoys playing it.Task 2: DictationSleepIt’s clear that everyone needs to sleep. Mo st people rarely think about how and why they sleep, however. We know that if we sleep well, we feel rested. If we don’t sleep enough, we often feel tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional and psychological rest: We need to rest our bodies and our minds. Both are important in order for us to be healthy. Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. The passive sleep gives our body the rest that’s needed and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs.Throughout the night, people alternate between passive and active sleep. The brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. The cycle is repeated: the brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night~. During eight hours of sleep, people dream for a total d one and half hours on the average.Lesson 4Section ITask 1: Weather ForecastA.Multiple Choice. 1 — 2: acB.Fill in the following chart.Task 2: The 5 O’clock NewsA.Fill in the following chart.B.Give brief answers to the following questions based on the news report.1.It was closed down by government authorities.2.Testing confirmed that the town had been poisoned be the dumping of toxic chemicals in towndumps.3. 3 weeks ago.4.200.5.Headaches, stomachaches, faintness and dizziness.6.Toxic wastes had leaked into the ground and contaminated the water supply.7.All the residents should leave the area, until the chemical company responsible for the toxicwaste can determine whether the town can be cleaned up and made safe again.C.True of False Questions. 1—6: FTTFFTD.Fill in the following blanks (based on the news report).Teams Playing Result(1) Mexico — France 7 to 6(2) Canada — Argentina 3 to 3(3) Italy — Haiti2 to 1(with 30 minutes left to go)Section IITask 1: What Do You Like for Entertainment?A.Blank-filling.Reporter: Deborah TylerInterviewee: Students of the Brooklyn Academy of Dramatic ArtsMajor: Benny Gross —— pianoKimberley Martins —— modern danceB.Fill in the following chart about how often Benny and Kimberley go to the eight forms ofartistic entertainment.C.Rearrange the forms of artistic entertainment that Benny and Kimberley like, beginning withthe form that each one likes best.Benny: (3)—(1)—(4)—(6)—(2)—(8)Kimberley: (2)—(4)—(1)—(7)—(3)—(8)Task 2: Are You a Heavy Smoker?A.True or False Questions. 1—6: TFTTFTB.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cbcbacC.Blank-filling.Name: Doris BradleySex: femaleAge: 32Amount: 3 packets of 20 a weekFirst experience:Time: at the age of 17Place: at a partyOffered by: boyfriend, not husbandFeeling; awfully grown-upLater: started smoking 2 or 3 a day and gradually increased.Experience of giving up smoking: twice1. Time: 6 months before getting marriedReason: saving upResult: only cut it down from 30 a day, still smoked a little2. Time: when expecting a babyReason: according to doctor’s adviceResult: gave up completely for 7 or 8 months and took it up a couple of weeks after the baby was born, because the baby was being bottle fed.Time when she smokes most:1. watching TV2. reading books3. in company4. with friendsTime when she never smokes:1. doing the housework2. on an empty stomachSection IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: They’d be exhausted at the end of each performance.Reason: “Otherwise” suggests a result of the opposite condition.2.Answer: I enjoyed it very much.Reason: “Apart from that I must say” often suggests an opposite statement to earlier comments.3.Answer: I stayed up late to finish it.Reason: “And” suggests that the speaker would finish the book at one sit.4.Answer: the book never really got started at all.Reason: After an opinion of agreement, the phrase “in fact” suggests a further comment; the expression “it’s only honest to say” usually introduces a confession- something whichis probably not as good as the one mentioned.5.Answer: I tend to skip parts that don’t really hold my interest.Reason: “Otherwise” suggests a result of the opposi te condition.6.Answer: it was rather long.Reason: “I must admit” suggests an agreement to the other person’s opinion.Task 2: DictationBooks Belong to the PastSir,I visited my old school yesterday. It hasn’t changed in thirty years. The pupils were sitting in the same desks and reading the same books. When are schools going to move into the modern world? Books belong to the past. In our homes radio and television bring us knowledge of the world. We can see and hear the truth for ourselves. If we want entertainment most of us prefer a modern film to a classical novel. In the business world computers store information, so that we no longer need encyclopaedias and dictionaries. But in the schools teachers and pupils still use books. There should be a radio and televisionset in every classroom, and a library of tapes and records in every school. The children of today will rarely open a book when they leave school. The children of tomorrow won’t need to read and Write at all.M. P. MillerLondonLesson 5Section ITask 1: An Unpleasant TripA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.The Isle of Wight.2.They were not pleased with their hotel.3.He decided to write to the Manager of Happytours.4. A travel Agency.5.The hotel and travel arrangements.6.They will never book any future holidays through Happytours.B.Fill in he blanks with the words used in the brochure and by Mr. Wilson to describe the hoteland travel arrangement.Task 2: At the Travel AgencyA.Multiple Choice. 1—6: acbbcaB.True or False Questions. 1—6: TFTTFTC.Fill in the blanks with the two things that Miss Bush will do.1.her two friends, to stop over with her on the way back.2.Mr. Adams to stop with her in Cairo.Section IIA Saturday AfternoonA.Identification.Name IdentificationGillian Dr. Carmichael’s new research assistantDr. Carmichael the president of St. Alfred’s HospitalMaurice Featherstone the gardener of the hospitalB.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cbaacaC.True or False Questions. 1—8: FFTF TFTTD.Fill in the blanks with information about Maurice.Name: Maurice FeatherstoneSex: maleAge: oldAppearance: clear, blue, honest eyes; white hair and a pinkish complexionTemperament: gentle and mild-manneredLength of stay in the hospital: 35 yearsReasons for entering the hospital:1.When he was 17, he burnt down his school.2.Over the next few years, there were a number of mysterious fires in his neighborhood.ter he tried to set fire to the family mansion.Visits from family members: No.Bills: paid on time.E.Blank-filling.1.slightly uneasy, unlocked the gates, waved her through2.withdrawn, depressed, normal, kept locked up, all of them, too dangerous to live in normalsociety.3.with the staff, a surprise, let him go out for the afternoon, flower show, quite excited, a birthdaycake, decorated the lounge.Section IIITask 1: Learning to Predict1.Answer: he fails to employ the correct question form.Reason: “Consequently” suggests a result of the facts mentioned earlier.2.Answer: difficulties may still arise.Reason: “even when” suggests that in spite facts, something else still exists.3.Answer: the student may not have clearly heard what was said.Reason: “In other words” is often followed by an explanation in clearer and easier words.4.Answer: may feel angry at receiving such orders.Reason: “However” suggests an opposite fact.5.Answer: whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to produce fuel.Reason: “That is” is also followed by an explanation.6.Answer: a small industrial sector.Reason: “At the same time” suggests the coexistence of two things. Here prediction is also based on common knowledge.Task 2: DictationThe School Holidays Are Too LongToday the children of this country have at last returned to work. After two months’ holiday pupils have started a new term. How many adults get such long holidays? Two to four weeks in the summer and public holidays--that’s all the working man gets. As for the average woman, she’s lucky to get a holiday at all. Children don’t need such long holidays. In term-time they start work later and finish earlier than anyone else.In the holidays most of them get bored, and some get into trouble. What a waste! If their overworked parents were given more free time instead, everyone would be happier.This isn’t just a national problem either--it’s worldwide.Dates may be different from country to country, but the pattern’s the same. Why should children do half as much work and get twice as much holiday as their parents?Lesson 6Section ITask 1: In the Path of the EarthquakeA.True or False Questions. 1—6: FTFTFFB.Map 1 is a layout of the Skinners’ farm. Mark out the plants and buildings in the map. Then inmap 2 draw a new plan of the Skinners farm after the quake.Map 1:1. farm house2. garden path3. cypress trees4. rose garden5. eucalyptus trees6. raspberry patch7. cow shed8. granaryMap 2:Task 2: A Funny Thing Happened to Me.A.Multiple Choice. 1—6: cabbcaB.Give brief answers to the following questions.st Friday.2.He was a student.3.In London.4.By taxi.5.The taxi got stuck in a traffic jam and the train had left by the time he got to the station.6. 1 hour.7.The station buffet.8.An evening newspaper, the “Standard”.9.At a table near the window.10.He did the crossword puzzle.C.True or False Questions.1—6: FFTTFTD.Blank-filling.1.reached across, opened, took one, dipped, into, popped it into.2.get up and go, pushed back, stood up, hurried out of.Section IIConsolidation: A Very Beautiful StoryA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. A tape from Gentleman Jim.2.Yesterday.3.Jim’s wife.4.There was a message hidden in the tape.5.Half the police force in London and 3 experts.6.Nothing had been found yet.7.Happy memories and things.8.In his words.B.True or False Statements.1—8: FTFF TTFTC.Discuss with your classmates what message is hidden in Gentleman Jim’s recording.D.Listen to the 2nd part of the policeman’s discussion and list all the things they feel unusualabout Gentleman Jim’s recording.1.Jim keeps telling his wife to play the message over and over again.2.Jim tells his wife that she’ll find something comforting.3.Jim keeps saying “very beautiful” over and over again.4.The speech doesn’t sound natural.E.Listen to Gentleman Jim’s recording again and work out the message.Answer: There are 2 gold bricks in the garden under the big red rose tree.Section IIITask 1: Listening to Predict1.Answer: a glance at the headings of sections or sub-sections will show the order in which theitems are introduced.Reason: “In addition” is followed by a supplementary idea. Prediction here is also based on common knowledge.2.Answer: providing a summary which can be re-read later.Reason: “As well as” is oft en followed by an idea of the same importance as the one before “as well as”.3.Answer: may not appear in a bibliography.Reason: “However” suggests an opposite idea.4.Answer: (no more than try to cover the most important ones here.Reason: “Therefore” sugges ts a result.5.Answer: it doesn’t.Reason: “Unfortunately” suggests that something opposite to one’s expectation will happen.6.Answer: it’s still important.Reason: “Though” suggests that in spite of the fact that follows, something still happens. Task 2: DictationSign LanguageDeaf people, people who can’t hear, are still able to communicate quite well with a special language. It’s called sign language.The speaker of sign language uses hand gestures in order to communicate. Basic sign language has been used for a long, long time, but sign language wasn’t really developed until about 250 years ago. In the middle of the 1700s a Frenchman named Epée developed sign language. Epée was able to speak and hear, but he worked during most of his life as a teacher of deaf people in France. Epée developed a large number of vocabulary words for sign language. Epée taught these words to his deaf students. Epée’s system used mostly picture :image signs. We call them picture image signsbecause the signs create a picture. For example, the sign for sleep is to put both hands together, and then to place the hands flat against the right side of your face, and then to lower your head slightly to the right. This action was meant to show the position of sleep. So we call it a picture image sign.Lesson 7Section ITask 1: Learning a Foreign LanguageA.Multiple Choice. 1—4: bcaaB.True or False Questions. 1—4: FTTFC.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Albert Humphries.2.Balham, London.3. 4 years.4.He has been going to an evening class and has watched quite a lot of the BBC televisionprogrammes.5.They use a different book in the class.6.They make the same mistakes as he does.7.It means being able to put together the right groups of words and to say them in a reasonablyaccurate way.Task 2: In the LibraryA.Multiple Choice. 1—6: bbcacaB.True or False Questions. 1—6: TTFTFTC.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Round the corner.2. A 20p a day fine for each book.3.Tahiti.4.No.D.Blank-filling.1. 5 pounds, you damage them, entitles you, 2 records at a time, everything available, be muchmore popular than.2.telephone to renew the books.3.we get back, worth all the bother, some paperbacks in the airport, I’ve been such a nuisance.Section IITask 1: Lessoned World CollegesA.Give brief answers to the following questions.1．On the phone.2．Some information about the college.3．Robert Creighton.4．Julian’s friend in Spain.。

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Lesson 1'T his Is Your Life' is one of the most popular programmes on British and American television. Every week a famous person is invited to a television studio, without knowing that he or she will be the subject of the programme. The compère meets the person outside the studio and says 'This is your life!' The person then meets friends and relatives from his or her past and present. Studio 4 is where the programme is recorded. The programme begins at eight o'clock. It's 6:45 now and the director is checking the preparations with his new production assistant (PA). The subject of tonight's show will be an actor, Jason Douglas. The compère, as usual, will be Terry Donovan.D irector: Let's just check the arrangements. We're bringing Jason Douglas here in a studio car—he thinks he's coming to a discussion programme! The driver has been told to arrive at exactly 7:55. Now, the programme begins at eight o'clock. At that time Jason will be walking to the studio. Terry Donovan will start his introduction at 8:01, and Jason will arrive at 8:02. Terry will meet him at the studio entrance ... Camera 4 will be there. Then he'll take him to that seat. It'll be on Camera 3. Jason will be sitting there during the whole programme. For most of the show Terry will be standing in the middle, and he'll be on Camera 2. The guests will come through that door, talk to Terry and Jason ... and then sit over there.D irector: Now, is that all clear?P A: Yes ... there's just one thing.D irector: Well, what is it?P A: Who's going to look after the guests during the show?D irector: Pauline is.P A: And where will they be waiting during the show?D irector: In Room 401, as usual. Pauline will be waiting with them, and she'll be watching the show on the monitor. She'll tell them two minutes before they enter.PA: I think that's everything.Terry: Good evening and welcome to 'This is Your Life'. This is Terry Donovan speaking. We're waiting for the subject of tonight's programme. He's one of the world's leading actors, and he thinks he's coming here to take part in a discussion programme ... I can hear him now ... yes, here he is! Jason Douglas ... This is your life!Jason: Oh, no ... I don't believe it! Not me ...Terry: Yes, you! Now come over here and sit down. Jason, you were born at number 28 Balaclava Street in East Ham, London on July 2nd, 1947. You were one of six children, and your father was a taxi driver. Of course, your name was then Graham Smith.Terry: Now, do you know this voice? 'I remember Jason when he was two. He used to scream and shout all day.'Jason: Susan!Terry: Yes ... all the way from Sydney, Australia ... She flew here specially for this programme. It's your sister, Susan Fraser!Jason: Susan ... Why didn't you tell me ... oh, this is wonderful!Terry: Yes, you haven't seen each other for 13 years ... take a seat next to him, Susan. You started school at the age of five, in 1952, and in 1958 you moved to Lane End Secondary School.Terry: Do you remember this voice? 'Smith! Stop looking out of the window!'Jason: Oh, no! It's Mr. Hooper!Terry: Your English teacher, Mr. Stanley Hooper. Was Jason a good student, Mr. Hooper?Mr. Hooper: Eh? No, he was the worst in the class ... but he was a brilliant actor, even in those days. He could imitate all the teachers?Terry: Thank you, Mr. Hooper. You can speak to Jason, later. Well, you went to the London School of Drama in 1966, and left in 1969. In 1973 you went to Hollywood.Terry: Do you know this voice? 'Hi Jason ... Can you ride a horse yet?'Jason: Maria!Terry: Maria Montrose ... who's come from Hollywood to be with you tonight.Maria: Hello, Jason ... it's great to be here. Hello, Terry. Jason and I were in a movie together in 1974. Jason had to learn to ride a horse ... Well, Jason doesn't like horses very much.Jason: Like them! I'm terrified of them!Maria: Anyway, he practised for two weeks. Then he went to the director ... it was Charles Orson ... and said, 'What do you want me to do?' Charles said, 'I want you to fall off the horse'. Jason was furious. He said, 'What? Fall off! I've been practising for two weeks ... I could fall off the first day ... without any practice!'Interviewer: Good morning, sir. I'm from radio station QRX, and I wonder if you'd mind answering a few questions for our survey today.David: Uh ... sure, why not?Interviewer: What's your name?David: Uh, my name is David George.Interviewer: David, what do you do for a living?David: I'm a professional baseball player.Interviewer: Really?David: Mm-hmm.Interviewer: That's terrific. What do you do for fun?David: Well, I like to read the classics—you know, Dickens, Shakespeare, ... uh ... books like that.Interviewer: Fabulous. And what's the most exciting thing that's happened to you recently?David: Just call me Dad. My wife and I ... uh ... had our first baby.Interviewer: Oh, (Yeah. A little girl.) that's wonderful.David: Mm-hmm.Interviewer: Who do you admire most in this world?David: Well, I admire my wife ... uh ... she's terrific. She's going to be a great mother, great mother.Interviewer: Terrific. What do you want to be doing five years from now?David: Well, ... uh ... five years from now I'd like to be a father of five. I'd like to have lots of kids around the house.Interviewer: That's fabulous.David: Yeah.Interviewer: Thanks very much for talking to us, David.David: Well, thank you.Interviewer: Good morning. I'm from radio station QRX, and I wondered if you'd mind answering a few questions today for our survey.Suzanne: Not at all.Interviewer: What's your name?Suzanne: Suzanne Brown.Interviewer: Suzanne, what do you do for a living?Suzanne: I'm a lawyer.Interviewer: A lawyer? And what do you do for fun?Suzanne: I like to run.Interviewer: Uh-huh. Running, like—Suzanne: Jogging.Interviewer: Jogging. And what's the most exciting thing that's happened to you recently?Suzanne: I got to run in the Boston Marathon.Interviewer: Congratulations. And who do you admire most in the world?Suzanne: Oh, well, I'd have to say Martin Luther King, Jr.Interviewer: Mmm, yes. And what do you want to be doing five years from today?Suzanne: Well, dare I say win the Boston Marathon?Interviewer: Wonderful. Thanks a lot for talking to us today, Suzanne.Suzanne: You're welcome.Interviewer: Good morning, sir. I'm from radio station QRX, and I wonder if you could answer a few questions for our survey this morning.Adolfo: Oh, yes, yes.Interviewer: What's your name?Adolfo: My name is Adolfo Vasquez.Interviewer: Adolfo, what do you do for a living?Adolfo: I'm a dancer.Interviewer: A dancer. And what do you do for fun?Adolfo: I watch ... uh ... musical movies.Interviewer: Musical movies. And what's the most exciting thing that's happened to you recently?Adolfo: Oh, about six years ago I moved to United States, (Uh-huh.) and that's quite exciting for me.Interviewer: Yes, that is very exciting. What do you—who do you admire most in the world?Adolfo: I admire a lot ... um ... Sophia Loren, the movie actress.Interviewer: I understand completely. (Mm-hmm.) What do you want to be doing five years from now?Adolfo: I like very much what I'm doing right now, so I really would like to keep doing it.Interviewer: Very good. (Mm-hmm.) Thanks for speaking to us today, Adolfo.Adolfo: Okay. You're welcome.Interviewer: Good morning, Miss. I'm from radio station QRX, and I wonder if you could answer a few questions for our survey.Linda: Sure.Interviewer: What's your name?Linda: Linda Montgomery.Interviewer: Linda, what do you do for a living?Linda: Uh, well, right now I'm going to beauty school.Interviewer: Beauty school?Linda: Yeah.Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what do you do for fun?Linda: Oh, what for fun, I hang out with my friends—you know, go for pizza, stuff like that. Interviewer: I understand. What's the most exciting thing that's happened to you recently?Linda: Oh, this was so great! (Yeah?) Four of my friends and I, we went to a Bruce Springsteen concert. We actually—we got tickets.Interviewer: Wonderful.Linda: It was the best.Interviewer: Who do you admire most in the world?Linda: Who do I admi—I guess (Mm-hmm.) my dad, (Uh-huh.) probably my dad. Yeah.Interviewer: And what do you want to be doing five years from now?Linda: I would love it if I could have my own beauty salon.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Linda: That would be great.Interviewer: Thanks very much for talking to us today.Linda: Okay.Announcer: And now, at 10:50 it's time for "In Your Own Words", in which we interview people with unusual stories to tell. Here to introduce the programme is Patricia Newell. Good morning, Patricia.Patricia: Good morning, and good morning everyone. With me in the studio now is this morning's guest, Trevor Cartridge. Good morning, Trevor.Trevor: Good morning, Patricia.Patricia: Trevor, you have one of the most unusual stories I've ever heard. Yet, nowadays, you seem to lead a very ordinary life.Trevor: Yes, Patricia. I'm a dentist. I live and work in London.Patricia: But at one time you used to have a different job?Trevor: Yes, I was a soldier.Patricia: A soldier?Trevor: That's right.Patricia: And how long ago was that?Trevor: Oh, about two thousand years ago.Patricia: That's right. Trevor Cartridge believes that he was a soldier in the army of Julius Caesar. He remembers coming to Britain with the Roman army two thousand years ago. Trevor, tell us your remarkable story ... in your own words!Trevor: Well, funnily enough, it all began because I wanted to give up smoking.Patricia: Give up smoking!Trevor: Mm, I used to smoke too much and I tried to give up several times, but I always started smoking again a few days later. In the end I went to a hypnotist. He hypnotized me, and I stopped smoking at once. I was delighted, as you can imagine.Patricia: Yes?Trevor: That made me very interested in hypnotism, and I talked to the hypnotist about it. He told me that some people could remember their past lives when they were hypnotized, and he asked if I wanted to try. I didn't believe it at first, but in the end I agreed. He hypnotized me, and sure enough, I remembered. I was a Roman soldier in Caesar's army.Patricia: You didn't believe it at first?Trevor: I didn't believe it before we tried the experiment. Now I'm absolutely convinced it's true.Patricia: What do you remember?Trevor: Oh, all kinds of things, but the most interesting thing I remember is the night we landed in Britain.Patricia: You remember that?Trevor: Oh yes. It was a terrible, stormy night. There were a hundred or more of us in the boat. We were all shut in, because the weather was so bad and most people were sick, because it was very stuffy. There was a terrible smell of petrol, I remember. Lots of men thought we should go back to France. It wasn't called 'France' then, of course.Patricia: And there was a smell of petrol?Trevor: Yes, it was terrible. The weather got worse and worse. We thought we were going to die. In the end the boat was pushed up onto the sands, and we climbed out. I remember jumping into the water and struggling to the beach. The water was up to my shoulders and it was a freezing night. A lot of men were killed by the cold or drowned in the storm, but I managed to get ashore.Patricia: You did?Trevor: Yes. There were about ten survivors from our boat, but even then our troubles weren't over. We found a farmhouse, but it was deserted. When the people read the newspapers, and knew that we were coming, they were terrified. They took all their animals and all their food, and ran away into the hills. Of course, there were no proper roads in those days. Well, we went into the house and tried to light a fire, but we couldn't even do that. We always kept matches in our trousers' pockets, so naturally they were all soaked. We couldn't find anything to eat, except one tin of cat food. We were so hungry, we broke it open with our knives, and ate it. We found a tap, but the water was frozen.In the end we drank rainwater from the tin. We sat very close together and tried to keep warm. We could hear wolves but we didn't have any weapons, because our guns were full of seawater. By the morning, the storm was over. We went on to the beach and found what was left of the boat. We managed to find some food, and we hoped there was some wine too, but when we opened the box all the bottles were broken.Patricia: So what happened?Trevor: We waited. Finally another boat came and took us away, and we joined the other soldiers. I remember going into the camp, and getting a hot meal, and clean clothes. It was wonderful. We were given our pay, too. I remember the date on the coins, 50 BC. It was an exciting time.Patricia: And did you stay in Britain?Trevor: Oh yes, I was here for five years, from 50 BC to 55 BC. I enjoyed my stay in Britain very much.Patricia: And then you went back to Rome?Trevor: I can't remember anything after that.Patricia: Well, Trevor Cartridge, thank you for telling us your story, in your own words.The KnowledgeBecoming a London taxi driver isn't easy. In order to obtain a licence to drive a taxi in London, candidates have to pass a detailed examination. They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks and hotels, but also the quickest way to get there. This is called 'The Knowledge' by London cab drivers and it can take years of study and practice to get 'The Knowledge'. Candidates are examined not only on the quickest routes but also on the quickest routes at different times of the day. People who want to pass the examination spend much of their free time driving or even cycling around London, studying maps and learning the huge street directory by heart.The UndergroundTravelling on the London underground (the 'tube') presents few difficulties for visitors because of the clear colour-coded maps. It is always useful to have plenty of spare change with you because there are often long queues at the larger stations. If you have enough change you can buy your ticket from a machine. You will find signs which list the stations in alphabetical order, with the correct fares, near the machines. There are automatic barriers which are operated by the tickets. You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the destination.Lesson 2Interviewer: Is film editing a complicated job?Film Editor: Oh yes, a lot of people probably don't know how complicated a job it can be. It's far more than just sticking pieces of film together.Interviewer: How long does it take to edit a film?Film Editor: Well, it depends. You can probably expect to edit a 10-minute film in about a week. A 35-minute documentary, like the one I'm editing at present, takes a minimum of four to five weeks to edit.Interviewer: Can you explain to me how film editing works?Film Editor: There are different steps. 'Synching up', for example.Interviewer: What do you mean by synching up?Film Editor: It means matching sound and pictures and that is usually done by my assistant. The film and the sound tape have numbers stamped along the edge which have to be matched. The details of the film and the sound are also recorded in a log book, so it's quick and easy to find a particular take and its soundtrack. This operation is called logging and is again done by my assistant.Interviewer: So what do you usually do yourself?Film Editor: A lot of things, of course. First, I have to view all the material to make a first selection of the best takes. There's a lot of film to look through because to make a sequence work the way you want, you need a lot of shots to choose from.Interviewer: Does that mean that you have to discard sequences?Film Editor: Oh yes. On average for every foot of edited film, you need twelve times as much unedited film and therefore you have to compromise and, of course, discard some of it.Interviewer: What do you do after selecting the material?Film Editor: First of all, I prepare an initial version of the film, a 'rough cut' as it is called. That means that I actually cut the film into pieces and stick them together again in the new order.Interviewer: And after this 'rough cut' what happens?Film Editor: Well, after the 'rough cut' comes the 'fine cut' when the film takes its final form. The producer and the director come in for a viewing. Some small changes may then be necessary, but when the 'fine cut' has been approved by everyone, this is the final version of the film.Interviewer: At this point is the film ready for distribution?Film Editor: Oh no. After the final version of the film has been approved, there is the dubbing, there are voices, music, background noises and sometimes special effects to be put together for the soundtrack. And after the dubbing, the edited film is sent to the 'neg' cutters.Interviewer: What do the 'neg' cutters do?Film Editor: They cut the original negatives on the films, so that these match the edited film exactly. And after all that comes the best part—I can sit down quietly with my feet up and enjoy watching the film!Man: Hi.Woman: Hi.Man: What'd you do last night?Woman: I watched TV. There was a really good movie called Soylent Green.Man: Soylent Green?Woman: Yeah. Charlton Heston was in it.Man: What's it about?Woman: Oh, it's about life in New York in the year 2022.Man: I wonder if New York will still be here in 2022.Woman: In this movie, in 2022 ...Man: Yeah?Woman: ... New York has forty million people.Man: Ouch!Woman: And twenty million of them are unemployed.Man: How many people live in New York now? About seven or eight million?Woman: Yeah, I think that's right.Man: Mm-hmm. You know, if it's hard enough to find an apartment now in New York City, what's it going to be like in 2022?Woman: Well, in this movie most people have no apartment. So thousands sleep on the steps of buildings. (Uh-huh.) People who do have a place to live have to crawl over sleeping people to get inside. And there are shortages of everything. The soil is so polluted that nothing will grow. (Ooo.) And the air is so polluted they never see the sun. It's really awful.Man: I think I'm going to avoid going to New York City in the year 2022.Woman: And there was this scene where the star, Charlton Heston, goes into a house where some very rich people live.Man: Uh-huh.Woman: He can't believe it, because they have running water and they have soap.Man: Really?Woman: And then he goes into the kitchen and they have tomatoes and lettuce and beef. He almost cries because he's never seen real food in his life, you know, especially the beef. It was amazing for him.Man: Well, if most people have no real food, what do they eat?Woman: They eat something called soylent.Man: Soylent?Woman: Yeah. There's soylent red and soylent yellow and soylent green. The first two are made out of soybeans. But the soylent green is made out of ocean plants. (Ugh.) The people eat it like crackers.Man: That sounds disgusting.Woman: Well, you know, it really isn't that far from reality.Man: No?Woman: Yeah. Because, you know the greenhouse effect that's beginning now and heating up the earth ...Man: Oh, yeah, I've heard about that.Woman: ... because we're putting the pollutants in the atmosphere, you know?Man: Mm-hmm.Woman: I mean, in this movie New York has ninety degrees weather all year long. And it could really happen. Uh ... like now, we ... we have fuel shortages. And in the movie there's so little electricity that people have to ride bicycles to make it.Man: You know something? I don't think that movie is a true prediction of the future.Woman: I don't know. It scares me. I think it might be.Man: Really?Woman: Well, yeah.The native Americans, the people we call the 'Indians', had been in America for many thousands of years before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. Columbus thought he had arrived in India, so he called the native people 'Indians'.The Indians were kind to the early settlers. They were not afraid of them and they wanted to help them. They showed the settlers the new world around them; they taught them about the local crops like sweet potatoes, corn and peanuts; they introduced the Europeans to chocolate and to the turkey; and the Europeans did business with the Indians.But soon the settlers wanted bigger farms and more land for themselves and their families. More and more immigrants were coming from Europe and all these people needed land. So the Europeans started to take the land from the Indians. The Indians had to move back into the centre of the continent because the settlers were taking all their land.The Indians couldn't understand this. They had a very different idea of land from the Europeans. For the Indians, the land, the earth, was their mother. Everything came from their mother, the land, and everything went back to it. The land was for everyone and it was impossible for one man to own it. How could the White Man divide the earth into parts? How could he put fences round it, buy it and sell it?Naturally, when the White Man started taking all the Indians' land, the Indians started fighting back. They wanted to keep their land, they wanted to stop the White Man taking it all for himself. But the White Man was stronger and cleverer. Slowly he pushed the Indians into those parts of the continent that he didn't want—the parts where it was too cold or too dry or too mountainous to live comfortably.By 1875 the Indians had lost the fight: they were living in special places called 'reservations'. But even here the White Man took land from them—perhaps he wanted the wood, or perhaps the land had important minerals in it, or he even wanted to make national parks there. So even on their reservations the Indians were not safe from the White Man.There are many Hollywood films about the fight between the Indians and the White Man. Usually in these films the Indians are bad and the White Man is good and brave. But was it really like that? What do you think? Do you think the Indians were right or wrong to fight the White Man?Interviewer: Today, there are more than 15 million people living in Australia. Only 160,000 of these are Aborigines, so where have the rest come from? Well, until 1850 most of the settlers came from Britain and Ireland and, as we know, many of these were convicts. Then in 1851 something happened which changed everything. Gold was discovered in southeastern Australia. During the next ten years, nearly 700,000 people went to Australia to find gold and become rich. Many of them were Chinese. China is quite near to Australia. Since then many different groups of immigrants have gone to Australia for many different reasons. Today I'm going to talk to Mario whose family came from Italy and to Helena from Greece. Mario, when did the first Italians arrive in Australia?Mario: The first Italians went there, like the Chinese, in the gold-rushes, hoping to find gold and become rich. But many also went there for political reasons. During the 1850s and 1860s different states in Italy were fighting for independence and some Italians were forced to leave their homelands because they were in danger of being put in prison for political reasons.Interviewer: I believe there are a lot of Italians in the sugar industry.Mario: Yes, that's right. In 1891 the first group of 300 Italians went to work in the sugarcane fields of northern Australia. They worked very hard and many saved enough money to buy their own land. In this way they came to dominate the sugar industry on many parts of the Queensland coast.Interviewer: But not all Italians work in the sugar industry, do they?Mario: No. A lot of them are in the fishing industry. Italy has a long coastline, as you know, and Italians have always been good fishermen. At the end of the nineteenth century some of these went to western Australia to make a new life for themselves. Again, many of them, including my grandfather, were successful.Interviewer: And what about the Greeks, Helena?Helena: Well, the Greeks are the fourth largest national group in Australia, after the British, the Irish and the Italians. Most Greeks arrived after the Second World War but in the 1860s there were already about 500 Greeks living in Australia.Interviewer: So when did the first Greeks arrive?Helena: Probably in 1830, they went to work in vineyards in southeastern Australia. The Greeks have been making wine for centuries so their experience was very valuable.Interviewer: But didn't some of them go into the coalmines?Helena: Yes, they weren't all able to enjoy the pleasant outdoor life of the vineyards. Some of them went to work in the coalmines in Sydney. Others started cafes and bars and restaurants. By 1890 there were Greek cafes and restaurants all over Sydney and out in the countryside (or the bush, as the Australians call it) as well.Interviewer: And then, as you said, many Greeks arrived after the Second World War, didn't they?Helena: Yes, yes, that's right. Conditions in Greece were very bad: there was very little work and many people were very poor. Australia needed more workers and so offered to pay the boat fare. People who already had members of their family in Australia took advantage of this offer and went to find a better life there.Interviewer: Well, thank you, Mario and Helena. Next week we will be talking to Juan from Spain and Margaret from Scotland.(1) A: It doesn't sound much like dancing to me.B: It is; it's great.A: More like some competition in the Olympic Games.C: Yeah. It's (pause) good exercise. Keeps you fit.(2) A: But you can't just start dancing in the street like that.B: Why not? We take the portable cassette recorder and when we find a nice street, we (pause) turn the music up really loud and start dancing.(3) A: We have competitions to see who can do it the fastest without falling over. Malc's the winner so far.B: Yeah, I'm the best. I teach the others but (pause) they can't do it like me yet.(4) A: You're reading a new book, John?B: Yes. Actually, (pause) it's a very old book.(5) A: Now, can you deliver all this to my house?B: Certainly. Just (pause) write your address and I'll get the boy to bring them round.(6) A: Good. I've made a nice curry. I hope you do like curry?B: Yes, I love curry, I used to work in India, as a matter of fact.A: Really? How interesting. You must (pause) tell us all about it over dinner.The Foolish FrogOnce upon a time a big, fat frog lived in a tiny shallow pond. He knew every plant and stone in it, and he could swim across it easily. He was the biggest creature in the pond, so he was very important. When he croaked, the water snails listened politely. And the water beetles always swam behind him. He was very happy there.One day, while he was catching flies, a pretty dragon fly passed by. 'You're a very fine frog,' she sang, 'but why don't you live in a bigger pond? Come to my pond. You'll find a lot of frogs there. You'll meet some fine fish, and you'll see the dangerous ducks. And you must see our lovely water lilies. Life in a large pond is wonderful!''Perhaps it is rather dull here,' thought the foolish frog. So he hopped after the dragon fly. But he didn't like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water snails were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks. The fish didn't like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He was lonely and unhappy.He sat on a water lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, 'I don't like it here. I think I'll go home tomorrow.'But a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.Lesson 3Clerk: Hello, sir. What can I do for you?Customer: Hi. Uh ... I have this ... uh ... cassette player (Mm-hmm.) here that I bought about six months ago. And it just ruined four of my favourite cassettes.Clerk: Oh dear, I'm sorry.。

Unit 14 FinancesWarm up1. There are plenty of people out there offering to teach you ways of earning money. Beware of get-rich-quick schemes. These are programs that falsely promise big money with little effort. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!2. Research any money-making opportunity carefully before you hand over your cash. Some companies make a lot of money off of people who are so gullible they will trust anyone.3. Putting your money into any opportunity is risky, so ma ke sure you don’t invest more money than you can afford to lose.4. Now, if you’re ready to invest, check out these ways:5. Real Estate: Buying and selling homes and other kinds of property can be a good money-maker for some people.6. The Stock Market: Buying and selling shares in a successful company could make you big bucks. Just be careful to hire a good broker, someone who has a lot of knowledge of the market.7. Internet Business: Many people these days are starting their own business on the Web. You may want to consider taking some classes to learn how to successfully set up your new business.8. Remember, these opportunities are not for everyone. Select the one that’s right for you or come up with your own ideas to make money!First Listening1. A: Oh, are you investing in the stock market?B: Yeah, nowadays, it’s so easy to buy and sell stocks on the Internet.A: Oh, yeah? I’ve never tried it.B: Well, all, you need is a little money to get started. You don t need a broker oranything. One click and you can buy or sell any stock you want.A: Yeah, one click and you can lose a lot of money! It just sounds too risky to me.B: A little risky, I guess. But it’s so exciting!2.A:We’ve got a lot of bills to pay this month.We’d better cut down on our spending.B: I wish there was some way we could make some money. Maybe we could invest in some big company, or come up with our own idea for a new company!A: Oh yeah, like what?B: How about starting some kind of Internet site where regular people from all over the world could sell stuff they no longer wanted?A: Kind of like a cyber garage sale?B: Exactly!A: That’s a great idea, Peter. Unfortunately, it’s already been done. Haven’t you heard of eBay?B: Oh, yeah.3. A: What are you doing?B: I’m going through all my comic books. I’m gonna try to sell them.A: Do you think you’ll get any money for them?B: I’m not sure, but it’s worth a try. I bought these comics when I was a kid for lessthan a dollar each. Some of them might be worth a lot now.A: You know, I remember reading about a guy who had this popular toy from the1970s. I think it was some kind of “Star Wars” action figure. It was in mint condition, never touched, stiI1 in the box and everything. Anyway, he got, like, a couplethousand dollars for it.B: Wow. I hope I get that lucky.A: You never know. Maybe someone out there is just waiting to get their hands on your old comics.4. A: I have a great idea!B: Oh no, here we go again! This isn’t another one of your get-rich-quick schemes, is it?A: Just hear me out. I think this one could really work!B: All right, what is it?A: OK. Picture this: You’re at a football or a baseball game and it starts to rain...B: Yeah?A: You don’t have an umbrella, so you get totally wet, right? And it’s really annoying. B: Yeah, so?A: Well, what if we invented a hat that has, like, an umbrella built into it?B: Are you crazy? Who’s gonna want to walk around with an umbrella attached to their head?A: OK. OK. I got another one.Real World ListeningEd: Are you worried about having enough money? Are you worried about paying your bills? Well, worry no more!Customer 1: I used to watch every penny. But now I’m worth four million dollars, and it’s all, thanks to Steven Crowe!Customer 2: I used to get headaches from worrying about money. I had a lot of credit card debt, and my mortgage payments were killing me. Then I got StevenCrowe’s videos and learned how to make real money.Ed: “Real Money.” That’s the name of this three-video set by Steven Crowe. Let Steven show you how to become financially independent buying and selling real estate. Steven: Hi! I’m Steven Crowe. I used to worry about money, too. I felt like a victim of the system. But then I found a way to make the system work, for me.Ed: What’s the trick, Steven?Steven: There’s no trick, Ed. It’s simple, once you understand how real estate really works. All you need to know is how to buy low and sell high. And that’s exactlywhat my videos teach you to do.Ed: And you can get really rich?Steven: Just ask some people who have “Real Money.”Customer 1: After I got the “Real Money” videos, I bought my first house, following Steven’s simple rules. Six months later I sold it and bought two more houses. Ayear after that, I had enough money to quit my job. Now I have more money than I’ll ever need, and it’s such a great feeling.Steven: I want you to have that feeling, too. And you can.Ed: Call now to order “Real Money.” 1-800-289-7325. That’s 1-800-BUY-REAL. Only three payments of $19.95 each, plus shipping and handling. All major credit cards welcome. Get it today for a worry-free tomorrow! Results may vary.Unit 15 ChangesWarm UpDealing with Loss1. We all recognize the most serious kinds of loss: A husband who loses his spouse may experience a deep sense of grief. A person living abroad may deal with homesickness. But seemingly less serious types of loss, such as changing jobs, can also create some of the same strong feelings. The good news is that going through any type of loss helps us to learn and grow. So how can you deal with loss and what can you do for your loved ones when they are struggling with grief? Here are some tips:2. Dealing with your own loss:You cannot manage successfully on your own. You need family and friends. Remember, your friends can’t read your mind.You must talk to them.You don’t need to put on a smile or keep up a cheerful face.Grief is not a sign of weakness.It is the result of a strong relationship and deserves the honor of strong emotion.Focusing on your loss will not help you hold on to memories.When a person moves on and makes a new life, positive memories return more clearly3. Helping friends and family:Be patient. Eventually your friend will recover. But healing takes time. Be prepared for setbacks. Even when things start to look up and life seems happier, depression can still return. Let your friend know you will always be there.First Listening1. A: Hi, Diego. What’s wrong? You look so sad.B: Yeah, I feel terrible. My dog died last night.A: Oh, no. You mean Champ?B: Yeah. He would have been ten in March.A: I’m so sorry. I know how much that dog meant to you.B: I’m really going to miss him. We went everywhere together.A: I know.B: He used to go get my running shoes and drop them at my feet whenever I eventhought about going for a run. It was like he could read my mind or something.A: Yeah, he was a great dog, really special.2.A:Hi,Theresa.I heard about your mom and dad.B: Yeah. I guess everybody knows by now.A: You know, I struggled with my own parents’ divorce when I was a teenager. It was really hard. I understand what you’re going through.B: Really? You know, sometimes it feels like everyone puts the focus on my mom and dad. “Oh, how are you dealing with it? It must be so hard to get divorced.” But no one ever asks me how I’m feeling.A: So, how do you feel? C’mon, let it out.B: Kind of lonely, actually. Like I’ve lost the two most important people in my life, but they’re still here.A: Well, you have lost something. Your family is never going to be the same. But give it some time. I know it’s hard now, but things will start to look up eventually.3. A: Joe! Are you free Friday night?B: Yeah. I think so.A: I was thinking you and Gwen might want to do a double date with me and Jennifer, maybe take in a movie.B: Oh. Didn’t you hear? Gwen and I broke up, last week, actually.A: Oh, wow! I can’t believe it. What happened? Did she cheat on you or something? B: No, no. It was nothing like tha t. We just have different plans for the future, that’s all.A: Well, how are you hanging in there, buddy?B: Uh, I have my good days and my bad days. I mean, Gwen wasn’t just my girlfriend.She was my best friend.A: Well, maybe it was for the best. Kee p your chin up, Joe. You’ll meet someone else.4. A: Sung-Hee, you seem quiet. What’s wrong?B: I don’t know. I guess I’m feeling a little depressed these days.A: Are you homesick again?B: Yeah. I mean I love it here and everything, but I miss my family, especially my mom. Sometimes I feel like I’m never going to see her again.A: But you’re going back home eventually, right?B: Yeah, but not for a while.A: That must be hard.B: It is. You know, one thing I really miss is my mom’s cooking. For New Year’s she always prepares all these wonderful dishes.A: You know, I have a very friendly Korean neighbor who loves to cook. Why don’t I give you her phone number?Real World ListeningWhitney:Welcome to “Life’s Concerns.” I’m your host, Whitney Op al. Today our program is about dealing with loss. One of the hardest things in life is losing aspouse after so many years together. Mr. Clayton Hayes is here today to sharehis story. Thank you for joining us, Mr. Hayes.Clayton: Call me Clayton, please.Whitney:OK, Clayton. I’d like to ask you a few questions about how you’re managing.Is that OK?Clayton:Yes, that’s fine. I can talk about it.Whitney: All right. Well, your wife passed away two years ago. Is that correct? Clayton: Yep. Maggie was 79, just about to turn 80 when she passed away. I never reallyexpected her to go. She was still too young.Whitney:I’m sorry. Do you mind telling us how she died?Clayton: Cancer. She had it for about a year, but it seemed longer than that to me. And she was in so much pain at the end. Oh.Whitney: I’m really sorry. That must have been very difficult for you.Clayton: Yeah. At the end, there, you could tell she just wanted it to be over. She tried to keep up a cheerful face for me, but you can’t hide things from someone you’vebeen married to for 56 years, you know.Whitney: I’m sure that’s true. You get to know someone pretty well in 56 years, don’t you?Clayton: Oh, you bet you do. You share so many years of your life with someone, and when they’re gone, oh, there’s a big hole that no one can fill up. You just feellonely. Very, very lonely.Whitney: I imagine you have some wonderful memories, as well.Clayton: Oh, yeah. We had a lot of good times, Maggie and me. Oh, boy, the stories I could tell!Whitney: Well, Clayton, you sure do have a lot of memories from your time with Maggie to celebrate!Clayton: Yeah, I sure do.Whitney:I think it’s important to remember that when we lose someone close to us, we don’t lose those memories. The person is s till with us in that way.Unit 1 IdentityWarm UpAs a black child growing up in an almost all-white setting, I set out on a search for a cultural and racial identity. When my parents would come to visit, I was self-conscious about being seen with my black friends. I also worried about being seen too often with my white friends. I was very aware of feeling caught between two cultures. More and more, I was identifying with black culture as an African American. Some of my friends were clear about their own identities as African Americans, but some others struck me as even more confused than I was about where they belonged. I came to believe that I could live however I wanted to live and still be accepted as a member of the black community. I enjoyed that feeling of belonging（归宿感）.Listening test 1The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house (s activities played with dolls and doll house玩具娃娃+玩具娃娃房子/ 过家家?) indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big” (often critical, judgmental (审判的)) Grandma, who’d been visiting us said to me, “What’s wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled andconfused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd (古怪的) or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they didn’t “want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers (同辈，同等的人). The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Listening Task 2The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I a m regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “black”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was living in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different — and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzerland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss — Neger —dirty nigger!”I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like this? I felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life.Real World ListeningMelanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail. I asked why and they said that I was wanted (being looked for by the police) for bank fraud. I said “I n ever did that!” and they said “that’s something we’ve never heard before… tell it to the judge.”Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail?Nick: Yes, I certainly did.Melanie: How could you prove it wasn’t you who committed the crime?Nick:Frankly, I never did. I simply paid the amount owed and all the charges (指控) were dismissed (撤销). It was really a debt to a casino (娱乐场(供表演跳舞、赌博的地方) although it is a felony (重罪), all they wanted was their money.Melanie: Whew (interj.（感叹词）! For me, perhaps the most alarming aspect ofyour story is that you had to spend several days in jail — in spite of the fact that they knew that the person who committed the fraud was of a different race than you.That is truly scary.Nick: Yes. People suffer because others steal their identities to work illegally. Someone used another’s iden tity for years and ruined their credit. When their kids want to get their first cars or student loans it takes them years to settle the damage. Melanie: Did they catch the person who used your identity to commit the crimes?Nick: Yes. He was put in jail for identity fraud.Unit 2 PersonalityWarm up1. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an emotional debt. At some time in your life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems impossible. However, harboring resentment only keeps you trapped in victimhood. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture and shift the focus away from the anger and resentment.2. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. It is the real bottom line in every area of society.3. Often we allow ourselves to be upset by small things we should let go and forget. Perhaps some man we helped has proved ungrateful, some woman we believed to be a friend has spoken iii of us, and some reward we thought we deserved has been denied us. We feel such disappointment so strongly that we can no longer work or sleep. Our inability to forgive and let go can make us sick.4. One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. Sometimes Americanhonesty -- being open and direct -- can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."5. Patience is the display of tolerance while awaiting an outcome. You tend to expect immediate results and are often disappointed when you fail in your first few attempts. In fact, growth can be a slow, painstaking process and patience will provide you with the perseverance（坚定不移）you need to become mature.6. Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as stubbornness deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities.7. Compassion同情,怜悯may be the queen of American virtues. To live in a state of compassion means you approach the world with your emotional barriers lowered. Compassion is the emotional glue connecting you to your essence and to the essence of those around you.Listen task 1Everybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes him the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or thepolice officer who accepts a bribe - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated合作with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game（遵守比赛规则, 行动光明正大）.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle尖顶of football, the World Cup, was rife with （充满）cheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick（〈足球〉任意球）or a penalty shot（,[篮]罚球）. French player Henry denied cheating to win the free-kick which led to his side's second goal in their 3-1 victory over Spain. Whatever the nationality there's one common strategy: the player rolls over holding his leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card or free-kick is given for the foul（犯规）and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened!Of course it's not just the footballers. In 1998 the Tour of France, the world's greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug-taking scandal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cycling tour to be abandoned. One rider was banned for nine months.Listening Task 2A climate of mistrust surrounds everyone. In the field of business, Enron, America's seventhlargest company, could serve as an unfortunate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousands of people to lose their jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier than it really was. One boss now faces the rest of his life in prison.Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to the counterfeit trade. From cut-price（打折扣的, 廉价的）CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.So perhaps it's not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers（用短信发的答案）. In a third case, pupils admitted to candidate substitution承认代考. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn't help that their role models（榜样）are also cheats. Surely we can't complain when we're setting such a bad example.Realworld listeningMr. Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping down the cherry tree?George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down.Mr. Washington: Isn't this your axe?George: That appears to be very similar to my axe.Mr. Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around.Mrs. Washington: Oh, just drop it, and it's only a tree.Mr. Washington: But it's not just the tree. We really need to find out if he's being honest with us. I won't put up with（忍受, 容忍）lying, and he shouldn't getyou to cover up for him.George:I'm going to say this one more time: didn't chop down that tree -- the cherry tree -- and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time. Never!Mr.Washington: George, there's no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair and clothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherry wood to me. Howdo you explain that?George:Clearly my behavior has been inappropriate. I deeply regret the damage which seems to have been done to the tree. But I really need to get back to my chores now.Mr. Washington:We're not finished yet. Now I'm going to ask you directly. Did you chop down the cherry tree?George:Well,it's possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what "chop" means and my action didn't meet my definition of "chopping", so I didn't lie.Mrs. Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss（大惊小怪,）. Even if he did it, it's only a tree. Let's forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.George:Thank you, Mom. We have a stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 Life StyleWarm up1)So I started carpooling（n. 共乘制v. 合伙用车）last week. It was great not havingto drive and we zipped home in half the time. This morning as I drove in to work, the heavy traffic just made me dizzy and my carpooler went into road rage（路怒）again.2) Once we were old enough to do household chores, we set the table, washed, driedand put away dishes and did laundry. We were responsible for mowing the lawn and shoveling the snow. My parents gave us an allowance for these tasks.3) It's quite common to see a relapse in addiction treatment. This does not mean thatyou have failed in your efforts to cure yourself of an addiction. If you stay away from cigarettes for 3 months and then smoke again for two days in a row, you can view this as a "failure" if you want, or you can focus on the fact that of the last 92 days, you're successfully off cigarettes for 97% of them. That's pretty good.Listening Task 1When she has young, children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things -- room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over "daddy-type" chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying "no". The reason the Stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I'm dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don't wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I'm at work already. No traffic to dealwith and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn't have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get up and don't feel like working ! don't.Listening Task 2I took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot of binge drinking. When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That's when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up（一团糟）. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn't even speak to me. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn't look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox(戒瘾诊所) and treatment were hard, but ! was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I've been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.Real World ListeningReporter:Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I've lost 20 IQ points in the public's eyes. It's kind of a hoot, and something you can use to your advantage though, I'm not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.Reporter: Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with the whole fortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them. For people like me, it takes a while to do. I'm tall, when I walk into a room, it's like someone from the NBA showed up. Trying to find clothing that fits me is just not that easy.Reporter: How do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Nell, consider you now?Nancy: The response for me was really positive. We all joked about wearing pantyhose, whether "my condition" was contagious, those sorts of things. But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work. Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they'd say, "What's the issue? She's just Nancy." The whole transgender thing is well behind us.Unit 4 FamilyWarm Up1.The majority of single mothers suffers from more financial hardship and socialdeprivation than couples do. Single mothers are almost 70 per cent more likely to die prematurely than those who are living with a partner.2. Women in the 21st century are highly educated, have tremendous earning potential andwere brought up to believe that sexual equality was their right. The new conservative housewife has given up her high-status job to stay at home with the children.3. A stark class divide is opening between career women and mothers who give up workto become housewives. Modem education and equal access to the workplace provide career moms increasing "social capital" or status. On the contrary, stay-at-home mothers rapidly lose their social status. Middle-class women are becoming more and more "polarized".4. Some people claim the constant emphasis on equal economic achievement for men and women is feeding the divorce rate and destroying family life. In addition, many mothers choose to stay at home to ensure that they, rather than an outsider, play the main role in bringing up their children.5. While reforms in equal-opportunity legislation over the past 30 years have improvedwomen's life chances, all the gains can be lost at the point when they have children if they are unable to afford nurseries or nannies.6. Divorce doesn't necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out（尽管有困难而熬过；忍受：）in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just right. A new study says, divorce didn't reduce symptoms of depression or raise self-esteem. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships.7. Crucial to any family's success is an investment of time, energy, spirit and heart, an investment otherwise known as commitment. The family comes first. Family members are dedicated to promoting each other's welfare and happiness -- and they expect the family to endure.。

LESSON 13SECTION 11.A special committee of twelve senator s today began the impeachment trial of Federal Judge Harry Claiborne. It's the first such proceeding in fifteen years. Claiborne is serving a jail sentence for tax evasion.一个由十二位参议员组成的特殊委员会今天开始启动对联邦法官Harry Claiborne的弹劾。

这是十五年来第一次发生这样的诉讼。

Claiborne因为被判逃税而收押在监。

2 President Reagan today continued his campaign for a drug-free America. He ordered mandatory testing for federal workers in sensitive positions. And he also sent Congress a legislative package that would increase federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred million dollars, much of that on increased border patrols. The President said the legislation is the federal government's way of just saying no to drugs. "We're getting tough on drugs; we mean business. To those who are thinking of using drugs, we say 'Stop.' And to those who are pushing drugs, we say 'Beware.'" Mandatory drug testing for some federal workers is the most controversial part of the President's plan. It's been condemned by some employee groups.里根总统今天继续他的全国性禁毒行动。

listen to this：高级英语听力 lesson 13 Lesson ThirteenSection One： News in BriefTapescript1. A special committee of twelve senators today began theimpeachment trial of Federal J udge Harry Claiborne.It's the firstsuch proceeding in fifteen years. Claiborne is serving a jail sentencefor tax evasion.2. President Reagan today continued his campaign for a drUg7freeAmerica. He ordered mandatory testing for federal workers in sensi-tive positions. And he also sent Congress a legislative package thatwould increase federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred milliondollars, much of that on increased border patrols. The President saidthe legislation is the federal government's way of just saying no todrugs. "We're getting tough on drugs; we mean business. To thosewho are thinking of using drugs, we say 'Stop.' And to those whoare pushing drugs, we say 'Beware.' " Mandatory drug testing forsome federal workers is the most controversial part of the President'splan. It's been condemned by some employee groups.3. One person was killed and more than fifty injured today in Pariswhen a bomb exploded at the drivers' permit office at police head-quarters. It was the fourth blast in seven days in the French capital.Section Two： News in DetailTapescriptin Paris today, one person was killed and more than fifty wereinjured when a bomb exploded at police headquarters. This is thefourth attack on a crowded public target in a week. A police officerwas killed yesterday while removing a bomb from a restaurant onthe Avenue Champs Elysee. Minutes after that incident, Prime Min-ister Jacques Chirac announced new security measures aimed atcurbing terrorist activities in, France. Melodie Walker reports fromParis.A group calling itself 'the Committee for Solidarity with Araband Middle-Eastern Prisoners' has claimed responsibility for thecurrent series of bombings in Paris, in addition to ten other attacksin the French capital over the past year. The Committee has deliv-ered messages to news agencies in Beirut threatening to continue itsbombing campaign in Paris until the French government agrees torelease three men jailed in France on charges of terrorism. One of theconvicted prisoners, George lbraham Abdullah, is believed to be theleader of the Lebanese Army Faction suspected of killing a US mili-tary attache in Paris in 1982. The French government has officiallydeclared it will not release tht prisoners. In response to the repeatedattacks in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac last night announced newanti-terrorist measures： military patrols along the French boiderswill be increased and, beginning today, all foreigners will require avisa to enter France. Citizens of European Common Market coun-tries and Switzerland will be exempt from the visa requirement. ButAmericans planning to visit France will need to apply for visas at thenearest French consulate. For an initial period of fifteen days, how-ever, emergency visas will be granted at French airports and otherborder checkpoints. France has been plagued with terrorism at homeand abroad in recent years. In the past two weeks, three Frenchmembers of the United Nations peace keeping force in Lebanonhave been killed by remote-controlled bombs. Today, France,calledfor an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss therole and safety of the force. Seven French hostages in Beirut are alsoa major concern for the Chirac government. Dominique Moazi, As-sociate Director of the French Institute forInternational Relations,says the bombings in Paris, the attacks on the UN troops, and thehostage situation are all indirectly related.'I think there is a global goal, which is looked after, and that isto punish France for its involvement in Middle-Eastern affairs, ei-ther Lebanon or the war between Iran and Iraq. And France is, atthe same time, more visible than any other European actors, inLebanon and in the Gulf.'According to Moazi, the long French tradition of granting polit-ical asylum has made France more open and accessible to terroristactivities."In the past we have given, unfortunately, the impression, whichwas maybe a reality, of being less resolute in our treatment of terror-ist action than, for example, the Israelis. So that combination of visi-bility, vulnerability, and lack of resolution has made us the ideal tar-get of terrorists now.'In a statement released today, President FrancoisMitterandsaid, ' The fight against terrorism is the business ofthe entirenation.' But despite the govemment's determination to combat ter-rorism, the question of how to do it remains unanswered. For Na-tional Public Radio, this is Melodie Walker in Paris.Section Three： Special ReportTapescriptThe United States Senate Intelligence Committee today releaseda report calling for sweeping changes in US security policies andcounter-intelligence, its first unclassified assessment of recent spycases. The Committee says the damage done has cost billions of dol-lars, threatening America's security,as never before. NPR's DavidMalthus has the story.The report states that the damage done from espionage and laxsecurity is worse than anyone in the government has yet acknow-ledged publicly. It concludes that US military plans and capabilitieshave been seriously compromised, intelligence operations gravelyimpaired. US technological advantages have been overcome in someareas because of spying. And diplomatic secrets were exposed to ad-versaries. Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy is Vice-Chairman ofthe Senate Intelligence Committee.'The national security is many times threatened more by thisthan by the buildup of Soviet arms, or the buildup of Soviet person-nel, or breakthrough in weapon development."The Committee report says foreign intelligence services havepenetrated some of the most vital parts of US defense, intelligence,and foreign policy structures. The report cites a string of recentcases, including the Walker-Whitworth spy ring, which gave the So-viets the ability to decode at least a million military communications.Despite some improvements by the Reagan Administration in securi-ty and tough talk over the last two years, the report also concludesthat the administration has failed to follow through with enoughspecific steps to tighten security, and that its counter-intelligenceprograms have lacked the needed resources to be effective. Republi-can Dave Durenberger of Minnesota, Chairman of the IntelligenceCommittee, sums up the current situation this way：'Too many secrets, too much access to secrets, too many spies,too little accountability for securing our national secrets, and too lit-tle effort given to combatting the very real threat which spies repre-sent to our national security.'Senator Durenberger said the Committee found someprogresshas been made in toughening up security clearances for personnel,and some additional resources have been devoted to counteringtechnical espionage, but he said much more needs to bedone and hedescribed the current security system as one 'paralyzed by bureau-cratic inertia.' The Committee makes ninety-five specific recom-me,ndations, including greater emphasis on re-investigations ofcleared personnel, a streamlined classification system, more moneyfor counter-intelligence elements of the FBI, CIA and the militaryservices, and tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hostile coun-tries. The report cites FBI assessments on how extensively the Sovi-ets use, diplomatic cover to hide spying activity. There aretwenty-one hundred diplomats, UN officials, and trade representa-tives from the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries living in theUnited States. And according to the FBI, 30% of them are profes-sional intelligence officers. The Committee report also says the Sovi-et Union is effectively using United Nations organizationsworldwide to conduct spying operations. It says approximately eighthundred Soviets work for UN agencies, three hundred of them inNew York, and one fourth of those are working for the KGB or theSoviet military intelligence, the GRU. Next week, the Reagan Ad-ministration is to deliver to. the Congress its, classified report oncounter-intelligence. I'm David Malthus in Washington.。

英语初级听力教案前言：英语初级听力是针对英语专业一年级学生开设的英语专业基础课，所选用的主要教材是《英语初级听力》，由何其莘等主编，由外语教学与研究出版社出版。

按照课程安排和计划以及听力技巧的培养，我们将中级阶段的听说课程的进程分为6个单元，依托于课本内容，具体的6个单元的安排如下Lesson 1学习目的、任务1.学习如何收听理解电视台、电台的英文访谈节目2.学习在听音过程中如何进行预测✧预测的重要性✧如何预测✧如何评估你的预测的合理性3. 学习段落听写的技巧和方法4. 篇内容长度约为4分钟/篇的电台访谈节目录音，练习如何预测，练习段落听写学习内容及时间分配难点1.收听电台访谈节目中很多口语化的词汇2.多个人同时说话时的交叉部分的收听3.有背景音乐或噪音干扰情况下的听力理解4.对“预测“技巧的理解和掌握重点1.介绍电台访谈节目的特点2.口语化很强的英语的特点3.“预测“学习策略的介绍听力学习技巧……………………………教学活动Section IPre-listening activities--oral practice (related topic )(pair work)学生两两一组谈论所观看过的或收听过的电视或电台访谈节目，并对节目的开办情况进行评论，并涉及该类节目录制过程中的准备工作。

（5 minutes）--单词的复习--Listen to task one : This is your life--Feedback (学生的理解，问题，疑难点，相应的练习)--Post-listening(role –play)四人一组组织一次访谈节目：一人做主持，其他为嘉宾Presentation:挑选一组做代表，进行汇报，其他同学进行评述，并提出意见或提问问题。

--讨论关于“interview‖的听音技巧（pair work）--收听task two: What are your ambitions?--feedback--Post-Listening: Oral practice (relevant topic-- What is your ambition)Section II--Pre-listening1.today‘s topic: describe one of your favorite TV/radioprogrammes(选一个同学讲述，其他同学可以提问、评述)2.News report（选两个同学汇报最近听过或阅读的英语新闻）3.new words for the new task of today--while listening✧提醒同学在收听的时候尽可能尝试用预测的方法来猜测未听的信息✧brief questions ：提问针对这个故事的概括性的问题eg: what does the programme require the guest do?What do you think of Trever‘s story?Can you retell the story briefly?✧Listen to it again for specific information✧Discussion about the different points in the listening of thestory--post-listening: oral practice✧Develop a story with the beginning like ―One day when I waswalking on the street , I found a foreigner was surrounding bya group of people…..‖✧Presentation :3人叙述故事，其他同学评论或提问问题，评选出最佳的故事Section III1.About how to predict✧Examples✧分析学生预测中出现错误的原因2.Paragraph dictation方法：段落听写一般要听音3-4遍。

Lesson 13What's Wrong with Them?Text AI'm forty and married with two children. My trouble is that I haven't got enough to do. The kids are at school all day and the house is empty. So I eat chocolates, mostly. I've put on a lot of weight , but I can't give them up. I try as hard as I can but I just can't stop eating.Doctor Bruce writes : I think Mrs Allen would be happier if she found a job, or if she got out of the house more and made some interesting friends. If she did that, I think the weight problem would be solved.I'm sixteen. My trouble is my spotty skin. I've used all the creams on the market, but none of them do any good. And now I've met a marvellous girl. But I'm afraid to ask her to go out with me.Doctor Bruce writes: Most teenagers suffer from this, of course, at some time or other. And it makes them very shy and self-conscious. 'What will other people think of me, if they see me like this?' they wonder. And it's a pity, because if they didn't worry so much, the skin trouble would soon disappear. Tom should learn a relaxation technique, yoga for example. Then I think he'd solve the problem very quickly.My problem is time. I haven't enough of it. I sleep badly, and I wake up tired. I get indigestion every day and now I'm beginning to get bad headaches and pains in my chest. And don't tell me to take a holiday, doctor. I haven't got time.Doctor Bruce writes ; If Mr Tyler had more common sense ,he'd find the time to have a holiday, or change his job. If he thought for a minute, he'd see that he can't go on like this. He should rest more. Then he'd work better. But that's the silly thing about men like him. They only believe they're ill when they're almost dead.Text BDear Doctor :I am forty-seven years old, male, and of average height and weight. My health generally seems quite good except for one problem. I wake up every morning feeling tired-so tired that I can hardly get out of bed.All day at work I fight this tired feeling, just dragging myself around. When I get home from work around 5. 30, I have a good dinner with my family and then sit dow n to read the newspaper. But before I have finished reading the front page, I fall asleep in my chair and often sleep until 8. 30 or 9. 00 p.m.When I wake up from this nap, I feel wonderful. I'm full of energy and ready to do a day's work. But at that hour there is nothing to do but watch television, which I do until after midnight.Even at midnight I still do not feel sleepy, but I know I ought to get a good night's rest, so I take a sleeping pill and go to bed. It's often two o'clock in the morning before the pill puts me to sleep. Just a few hours after that I have to drag myself out of bed again to go to work. All day I feel too tired to work. I just drag myself around until it's time to go home.Do you think there might be something wrong with my blood?J. T. L.When this letter appeared in the DEAR DOCTOR column of a newspaper, the doctor's reply zeras printed belozo it. Here is mhat the doctor answered :Dear Mr L. :I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner.If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day.You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity-a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get. together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at `your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good night's rest without taking a pill.If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it maybe hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so,get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a leeping pill.Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a warm drink. Eat a sandwich or a cookie. Then go back to bed. Even if you get only a few hour's sleep that night, you will feel better, in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and to avoid taking pills.Additional InformationYesterday's drizzle did not dampen Beijingers' enthusiasm in events marking the first national dental care day.People of all ages crowded around medical experts who answered questions about dental care, and about toothbrushes and toothpaste.A girl in her 20's approached the consulting desk set by the Oral Medical College of the Beijing University of Medical Sciences at the Xidan crossroad. She wanted to know if there was anything wrong with her teeth.The girl dreamed about losing all her teeth , and , worse yet , her teeth ached when she awoke every morning.After examining her mouth, a consultant said her teeth looked all right. Sometimes,however, tension makes peoples' teeth ache. Relax, she was told. And if that does not help, get a thorough dental examination.Young parents wanted to know how to keep their children's teeth healthy.One by one , the doctors answered their questions and outlined the best solutions for them.More than 500 medical specialists from 18 districts and suburban counties across the municipality as well as over 200 teachers and students from the Oral Medical College of the beijing University of Medical Sciences took part in the sidewalk consultations.And about 47 consulting stations were set up in major streets and the four big department stores at downtown Xidan, Wangfujing, Dongsi and the Dong'an Market.In addition to offering suggestions, the medical workers also brought with them some simple medical equipment for fast dental checks and toothpaste and toothbrushes for sale.Posters and propaganda blackboards were also set up in most primary and middle schools in beijing."I never thought there would be so much scientific knowledge on tooth brushing," said a middle-aged man. "National Dental Care day has taught me how important it is to take care of my teeth and how to do it," he said. According to information from the National Dental Diseases Prevention Group , similar activities were conducted yesterday in most of the country's provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."A massive campaign to teach people how to care for their own teeth is the best way for China to deal with dental diseases in the face of a shortage of dental medical workers," Chen Minzhang, Minister of Public Health said on Tuesday at a symposium on dental care in beijing Stomatological Hospital.At present, almost half of the population is suffering from dental caries (cavities).While the figure is even higher among children, 80 per cent of urban children have dental caries and 60 per cent are so afflicted in rural areas.In some cities, the rate with children may reach as high as more than 90 per cent.The minister also pointed out that dental care should be taught in primary and middle schools and the vast rural areas in order to raise the whole nation's dental care standards.。

冀教版英语八下Unit 3《Lesson 13 Danny’s Big Scare》说课稿一. 教材分析冀教版英语八下Unit 3《Lesson 13 Danny’s Big Scare》是一篇故事性的阅读材料，通过讲述Danny在一次意外中的惊险经历，让学生在阅读中感受惊险、紧张的氛围，同时学习到相关的语言知识。

本课的主要内容包括：动词过去式的用法、一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的结构、以及一些描述情感的词汇。

二. 学情分析学生在学习本课之前，已经掌握了一般过去时的基本结构，同时也学会了动词过去式的构成方法。

但是，对于一些描述情感的词汇和句子结构的运用还需加强。

因此，在教学过程中，我将会针对学生的实际情况进行引导，让学生在理解故事的同时，掌握相关的语言知识。

三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够理解课文内容，掌握动词过去式的用法、一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的结构，以及一些描述情感的词汇。

2.能力目标：学生能够运用所学知识，进行简单的交流和写作。

3.情感目标：通过学习课文，学生能够培养对英语阅读的兴趣，提高自信心。

四. 说教学重难点1.教学重点：动词过去式的用法、一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的结构。

2.教学难点：描述情感的词汇的运用，以及句子结构的灵活运用。

五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法：采用情境教学法、任务型教学法和交际法，让学生在实际情境中学习和运用语言。

2.教学手段：利用多媒体课件、图片、卡片等辅助教学，提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度。

六. 说教学过程1.导入：通过展示一幅惊险的画面，引导学生谈论自己的惊险经历，激发学生对课文的兴趣。

2.阅读理解：让学生独立阅读课文，回答相关问题，检查学生对课文内容的理解。

3.新课讲解：讲解动词过去式的用法、一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的结构，以及描述情感的词汇。

4.课堂练习：设计一些练习题，让学生运用所学知识进行实际操作，巩固所学内容。

5.小组讨论：让学生分组讨论，运用所学知识进行交流，培养学生的交际能力。

冀教版英语九年级全⼀册Unit3：Lesson13BeCareful,Danny!.说课Lesson 13 Be Careful，Danny! 说课稿及教案尊敬的评委⽼师，⼤家好，今天我说课的内容是冀教版九年级英语第三单元的第⼀课。

⼀、教材分析本单元的主题是Safety ,Lesson 13: Be Careful，Danny! 是第⼀课时，谈论的主要话题是Danny在教室⾥因为粗⼼发⽣意外，此课以听说课的形式呈现，话题贴近学⽣的⽣活，这不仅能激发学⽣的学习兴趣，⽽且对后⾯⼀系列有关安全话题的学习起到了抛砖引⽟的作⽤。

同时通过学习，树⽴和增强学⽣的安全意识。

⼆、学情分析本节课单词不多，内容较为简单，学⽣经过了两年的英语学习，有⼀定的基础，对⼀些句型和语法也有所掌握，但学⽣英语⽔平参差不齐，仍有⼀部分学⽣英语基础薄弱，⼝语表达能⼒较差，不能积极的参与课堂活动。

三、新课程标准及要求通过解读《2011版英语新课程标准》，九年级的学⽣需要达到课标的五级标准，即能听懂教师有关熟悉话题的陈述并参与讨论，能运⽤所学词汇根据话题进⾏对话，积极参与英语活动，敢于⽤英语进⾏表达。

四、教学⽬标（三维⽬标）Knowledge and skills：1.能准确地发⾳和使⽤ careful，safety，hang，ceiling，serious，ambulance，necessary等词汇。

能够掌握:I’m going to hang it from the ceiling over the desk ./I think I’m tall enough./He sees Danny lying on the floor./ My tail hurts a little，but it’s not serious./No，that’s no necessary./I don’t think my arm is broken.等句⼦。

Lesson 1 NapoleonToday, I’m going to talk to you about one of the most important historical figures in European history: Napoleon Bonaparte. Let ’s start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old,he joined the French army. In that year 1785,he began the military career that would bring himfame ,power,riches and finally defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804, at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of the France.Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N.won many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat —“his end”came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.The great French conqueror died alone – deserted by his family and friends in 1821. Napoleon was only 51 years old when he died.=========================================================== Lesson 2 PompeiiThe lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A natural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Beijing, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Romans did the same thing.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P.. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V.. When the volcano first erupted, manypeople were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P . was forgotten for almost 1,700 years.In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P.. Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.===========================================================Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A trainof cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.======================================================== Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat I’d lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child language development. I know that you all are trying to develop a second language, but for a moment, let’s think about a related topic, and that is: How children develop their first language.What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability? Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to speak their first language. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring their language. The first state of language acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this stage, babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, around four months of age they begin to babble. Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age, and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. Now, by the time they are ten months old, however, the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babiesbegin a new stage of language development when they begin to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an English-speaking home may say ―baba‖for the word ―bottle‖or ―kiki‖for ―cat.‖In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby’s environment, words for food or toys, for example. They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says ―juice,‖to his father, the baby seems to be saying, ―I want more juice, Daddy‖or ―May I have more juice, Daddy?‖This word ―juice‖is really a one-word sentence.Now, the next stage of language acquisition begins around the age of 18 months, when the babies begin to say two-word sentences. They begin to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called ―telegraphic‖speech because the babies omit all but the most essential words. An English-speaking child might say something like ―Daddy, up‖which actually could mean ―Daddy, pick me up, please.‖Then, between two and three years of age, young children begin to learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. The children begin to say things such as ―I walked home‖and ―I kissed Mommy.‖They also begin toovergeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as ―I goed to bed‖instead of ―I went to bed,‖or ―I eated ice cream‖instead of ―I ate ice cream.‖In other words, the children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as ―walk‖and ―kiss,‖but they haven’t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like ―eat‖are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. Anyway, these mistakes are normal, and the children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually it’s quite amazing how quickly babies and children all over the world learn their language and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember anything about how you learned your first language during the early years of your life? Think about the process for a minute. What was your first word? Was it ―mama‖or maybe ―papa‖? Now think also about the process of learning English as a second language. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was ―mama.‖Now, think about some of the similarities anddifferences involved in the processes of child and adult language learning. We’ll talk about some similarities and differences in the first and second language learning processes tomorrow. See you then.===========================================================Lesson 7 RobotsWhen people think about a robot,they often picture a machine that look s something like a human being.However,that’s not always the case.Mo st robots do not look much like a human being at all,they look like machi nes because that’s what most of them are-industrial machines.Today,I’m going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physically dema nding,repetitive,dangerous or very boring.Most industrial robots work on in an assembly line in a factory.For example,a robot might put liz on j ars of fruits or start boxesfor shaping.In a car factory,robotic arms on an assembly line join the parts of a car together;other robots tighten the b oats on the car’s wheelsor paint the car.There are thousands of robots p utting cars together in___plan.These robots are very precise when repe ating a task.For example,they always tighten boats with the same exact amount of force.They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be and they always put ahold in the exact same place in every car d oor hour after hour.These are examples of robots doing the work human s could do but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precise ly.So,just how do robots work?To do its job a robot first needs a control s ystem.This control system directs the robots mechanical parts.The contr ol system of a robot is sort of speak--a robot brain.So how does a robot learn which action to do first and whi ch of its moving part needs to do that action?A robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something,first a person must use a hand-held computer.The computer is used to guide the robot’s arm and hand through the motions it needs to do.Then,the robot stores exact movem ent in its computer memory.The robot has sensors to gather information ,so now the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions.The robot tells its moving part what to do and then it performs the action.For example, to pick up and move a box,the robot first finds the box,next it decides t he weight of the box.Then it decides how much force is needed to lift an d move the box,and finally,it finds the correct place to put the box dow n.It repeats the process over and over until it's turned off.It does the sa me job until it is given the job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that robots of the future will be smarter than today's robots.They may also look more human like or even animal like.In fact,they may wo rk and think more like humans do.The industrial robots we've been talki ng about so far today are automatic robots.They are known as automatic robots because they have program to follo w a specific series of ually,they have parts that move but t hey really don't travel around.On the other hand,an autonomous machi ne can change itsbehavior in relation to its surroundings.For example,an autonomous robot with wheelsor legs to move around can change direc tion when it senses that there are something in its way.A robot such as …can detect the movement of people nearby.It can move to avoid bump ing into ing toward it.Asthma can even learn to dance by followi ng the movements of a dancer next to it.I don't know whether or when people would welcome autonomousmachines or human like robots.I gu ess that we will not only think about that in the future.We need to think about how we will interact with our global doctor:robal teacher,robal p et,or even our robal friend.===========================================================Lesson 8 A Tidal WaveA tidal wave is a very large and very destructive wall of water that rushesin from the ocean towards the shore. Many scientists call these waves tsunami. In Japanese tsunami means “storm wave.” But do you know that tidal are not caused by storms and that they are not true tidal at all? A true tidal is the regular rise a waves and fall of ocean waters, at definite times each day, but a tidal wave comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an underwater earthquake. The word “seaquake” is made up of two words, the word “sea” which means “ocean” and the word “quake”. “To quake” means “to shake” or “to tremble.” When a seaquake takes place at the bottom of the ocean, the ocean floor shakes and trembles, and sometimes the ocean floor shifts. It is this shaking that produces the tidal wave. The tidal wave begins to move across the sea at great speed.Tidal waves have taken many human lives in the past. Today scientists can predict when a tidal wave will hit land. They use a seismograph to do this.A seismograph is an instrument that records the strength, the direction, and the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake. It is not possible to hold back a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming. This warning can save many lives.===========================================================Lesson 9 Levels of LanguageToday I want to talk about levels of language usage. You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general, broad categories, or levels of usage: a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. I’m not talking about correct and incorrect English. What I’m talking about are two levels of correct English. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books such as encyclopedias, and in business letters. For example, a letter to a university would be in formal style. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. People usually use formal English when they give classroom lectures or speeches and at ceremonies such as graduations. We also tend to use formal language in conversations with persons we don’t know well or with people we have a formal relationship with, such as professors, bosses, doctors, friends of our parents’, strangers, etc. Informal language is used in conversations with colleagues, family and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends, as well as in diaries, etc. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. However, today I’m going to talk only about a couple of ways. First of all, formal language tends to be more polite. Interestingly, it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or familymember, "Close the door, please", but to a stranger or someone in authority I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door" or "Excuse me, could you please close the door" Using words like "could" and "would" makes my request sound more polite, but also more formal. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean. Let’s say "I’m just crazy about soccer!" But if I were talking to my supervisor or a friend of my parents’, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or "I like soccer very much". Let’s say I’m telling someone some news I heard about the police arresting a criminal. To my friend I might say "The cops bagged the crook". To my parents’ friend I might say "The police arrested the thief".Although the line between formal and informal language is not always clear and although people are probably less formal today than in the past, it is useful to be aware that these two levels, or categories, do exist. The best way for a non-native speaker of English to learn the difference is to observe the different ways English speakers speak or write in different situations. Television newscasters, your college professors in class, your doctors in their offices, etc, will usually speak rather formally. However, your classmates, teammates, family members, friends, etc. will generally speak in an informal fashion. The difference can be learned over time byobserving and interacting with native speakers.===========================================================Lesson 10 Power: The Kinds People Use and Abuse John Mack, who is the author of a book about power, says that the need for a sense of personal power is one of the primary forces in human life. On the other hand, he also says that a feeling of powerlessness is one of the most disturbing of human emotions ―a feeling to be avoided at all costs. Just what is power?Psychologists define power as the ability to determine or to change the actions or behavior of other people. Psychologists are trying to identify different kinds of power so that they can better understand how people use these different kinds of power to gain control over other people. They are trying to understand how people manipulate other people for good and evil purposes. Psychologists have identified five basic types of power, and I’d like to talk about each of these briefly in the next few minutes.The first type of power is called information power. Some psychologist believe that information power is one of the mosteffective types of power and control. The person who has information that other people want and need, but do not have, is in a position of power. Why is this? Well, most people like to receive and have information. Having information increases a person’s own sense of power. People who provide information can manipulate those who do not have information. Often, when people receive information, they do not know that they are being manipulated by those who provided the information. The psychologist named Edwards says, for example, that newspapers provide a lot of information to their readers, and that these newspaper readers generally believe the information they read. Readers do not question the accuracy of the reports about world events they read in the newspapers.A second type of power is called referent power. For example, a person may want to behave like the members of a particular group, such as a soccer team ( or a group of classmates), or a person may identify with and want to be like a certain teacher, a friend, or say , a rock star. If you identify with another person, that person has power over you, and that person can influence your actions and behavior. Many people imitate and are controlled by the people they identify with. Let me give you a sad example ofthe use of this type of power for evil purposes. In the 1970s in Jonestown, Guyana, more than 900 people committed suicide when their religious leader Jim Jones told them to kill themselves. They did what he told them to do because he had referent power over them. They identified with him; they believe him, and they did what he told them to do. More recently a man named David Koresh controlled the lives and destinies of a small community of men, women, and children in Waco, Texas. Most people in his community died in a fire, along with their leader, during a confrontation with U.S. government agents.A third kind of power is classified as legitimate power. Government officials, according to Edwards, have a lot of legitimate power. When the government decides to raise taxes or make people go to war, most people will do what their government officials tell them to do. One psychologist reported on an experiment that showed an example of this type of power. In this experiment, a researcher asked people on the street to move away from a bus stop. When he was dressed as a civilian, few people moved away from the bus stop. When the researcher was dressed as a guard, most people moved away from the bus stop.The guard’s uniform seemed to give the researcher a look of legitimate power.A fourth kind of power is called expert power. An expert is a person who is very skilled in some area, such as sports, or who knows a lot about something, such as computers. Most people are impressed by the skills or knowledge of an expert. Some of these “experts” use their skills at playing sports or knowing about computers to gain power and influence ―and t o gain money or admiration, according to Edwards. In other words, they use their expertise to gain power.Finally, reward or coercive power is used by people who have the power to reward or punish another person’s actions or behavior. Giving a reward will change people’s behavior because it offers people a chance for gain. Giving a punishment may or may not cause the people to do what the powerful person wants them to do, but the changes may not last for a long time. The person who uses coercive power may also have to carefully watch thatthe less powerful person does, in fact, change his or her actions or behavior.To sum up, then, power may be gained in many ways. It may come from having information that other people want or need; it may come from being a referent for other people to identify with or to imitate; it may come from having an official, or legitimate, position of authority; it may come from having skills or expertise; or it may come from having the power to reward or punish people. We all exercise one or more of these various kinds of power over other people, and other people will try to exercise one or more of these kinds of power over us throughout our lives.==================================================Lesson11 Asian and African Elephants:Similarities and Diff erencesThe African and the Asian elephants are the largest land animals in the w orld.They are really enormous animals.The African and the Asian elepha nts are alike,or similar,in many ways,but there are differences between the2types of elephants,too.What are some of the similarities between the African and the Asian ele phant?Well,for one thing,both animals have long noses,called trunks. An elephant sometimes uses its trunk like a third hand.Both kinds of ele phants use their trunks to pick up very small objects and very large,heavy objects.They can even pick up trees with their trunks.For another thin g,both the African and the Asian elephants have very large ears,althoug h the African elephant’s ears are considerably larger.In addition,both animals are intelligent.They can be trained to do heavy work.They can also be trained to do tricks to entertain people.In other words,they both work for people,and they entertain people also.As I said before,the African and Asian elephants are alike in many ways, but they are also quite different,too.Let me explain what I mean.The Af rican elephant is larger and heavier than the Asian n eleph ants reach a height of about 10 feet, and African elephants reach about 13 feet tall.The African male elephant weighs between12,000and14,000pounds.I n contrast,the average Asian male elephant weighs between7,000and1 2,000pounds.So one is bigger than the other, but as you can see,both are still enormous animals.Another difference between the2kinds of elephants is the size of the ea n elephants have smaller ears than African elephants.The Africa n elephant has2very large teeth.These teeth are called tusks.The Asian elephanthowever sometimes does not have any tusks at all.The elephants differ i n color,too.The African elephant is dark gray in color while the Asian ele phant is light gray.Occasionally an Asian elephant is even white!The lastbig difference between the2 typesof elephants is their temperament.The Asian elephant is tamer than the African elephant, orin another way,the African elephant is much wilder than the Asian eleph ant.As a result,it’s more difficult to train the African elephant to perfor m tricks to entertain people.That’s why the elephants you see in the circ us are probably Asian elephants and not African elephants.Yes,there certainly are differences between the African and the Asian el ephants,but as I mention at the start of mytall,there is one big similarity between the2animals:they are both fasci nating and enormous animals.===========================================================Lesson 13 Lincoln and KennedyJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. K ennedy lived in the 20th century; Lincoln lived in the 19th cen tury. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born m ore than a hundred years earlier, in 1809. As for their family b ackgrounds, Kennedy came from a rich family, but Lincoln’s f amily was not wealthy. Because Kennedy came from a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schools. He graduated from Harvard University. Lincoln, on the other hand, had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of his lack of f ormal schooling, he became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading law books. Li ncoln was, in other words, a self-educated man.In spite of these differences in Kennedy and Lincoln’s backgr ounds, some interesting similarities between the 2 men are ev ident. In fact, books have been written about the strange coin cidences in the lives of these 2 men. Take forexample ,their political careers. Lincoln began his political car eer in congress. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political car eer in congress. Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Repr esentatives in 1847, and Kennedy was elected to the House in 1947. So they were elected to congress exactly 100 years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that each man was e lected president of the United States in a year ending with the number 60. Lincoln was elected president in 1860, and Kenne dy was elected in 1960; furthermore, both men were presiden t during years of civil unrest in the country. Lincoln was presid ent during the American Civil War. At the time Kennedy became president,African-Americans were fighting for theircivil rights ,unrest took the form of civil rights demonstrations.Times change and it’s just over 15 more years,the United States elected its first African-American president Barack Obama. President Obama was elected in 2008 and…,but let me get back to talk about Lincoln and Kennedy.Another striking similarity between these 2 men was that, as y ou probably know, neither president lived to complete his ter m in office. Lincoln and Kennedy were both assassinated whil e in office. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 inDallas, Texas, after only 1,000 days in office. Lincoln was assas sinated in 1865 a few days after the end of the American Civil War. It’s rather curious to note that both presidents were sh ot while they were sitting next to their wives.These are only a few examples of the unusual similarities in th e destinies of these 2 Americans – men who had a tremendou s impact on the social and political life in the United States an d the imagination of the American people.。