数据中心空调系统节能技术白皮书

数据中心供配电系统应用白皮书一引言任何现代化的IT设备都离不开电源系统，数据中心供配电系统是为机房内所有需要动力电源的设备提供稳定、可靠的动力电源支持的系统。

供配电系统于整个数据中心系统来说有如人体的心脏-血液系统。

1.1 编制范围考虑到数据中心供配电系统内容的复杂性和多样性以及叙述的方便，本白皮书所阐述的“数据中心供配电系统”是从电源线路进用户起经过高/低压供配电设备到负载止的整个电路系统，将主要包括：高压变配电系统、柴油发电机系统、自动转换开关系统（ATSE，Automatic Transfer Switching Equipment）、输入低压配电系统、不间断电源系统（UPS，Uninterruptible Power System）系统、UPS列头配电系统和机架配电系统、电气照明、防雷及接地系统。

如下图：图1 数据中心供配电系统示意方框图高压变配电系统：主要是将市电（6kV/10kV/35kV，3相）市电通过该变压器转换成（380V/400V，3相），供后级低压设备用电。

柴油发电机系统：主要是作为后备电源，一旦市电失电，迅速启动为后级低压设备提供备用电源。

自动转换开关系统：主要是自动完成市电与市电或者市电与柴油发电机之间的备用切换。

输入低压配电系统：主要作用是电能分配，将前级的电能按照要求、标准与规范分配给各种类型的用电设备，如UPS、空调、照明设备等。

UPS系统：主要作用是电能净化、电能后备，为IT负载提供纯净、可靠的用电保护。

UPS输出列头配电系统：主要作用是UPS输出电能分配，将电能按照要求与标准分配给各种类型的IT设备。

机架配电系统：主要作用是机架内的电能分配。

此外，数据中心的供配电系统负责为空调系统、照明系统及其他系统提供电能的分配与输入，从而保证数据中心正常运营。

电气照明：包括一般要求，照明方案、光源及灯具选择。

防雷及接地系统：包括数据中心防雷与接地的一般要求与具体措施。

1.2 编制依据《电子信息系统机房设计规范》GB 50174—2008《电子信息机房施工及检验规范》GB50462—20081.3 编制原则1．具有适应性、覆盖性、全面性的特征。

连载1期数据中心蓄冷白皮书NO.011.1数据中心持续供冷的必要性数据中心是为电子信息设备提供运行环境的场所，在数据中心中需要安装数据处理、数据传输和网络通讯等多种IT 设备。

为保障IT 设备正常有效的运转，保障业务顺畅的进行和服务及时的提供，还需要安装为IT 设备服务的电力、空调等相关设备及传输管路。

图1-1 数据中心常用能源示意图数据中心的电力供应，从市电经过变压器，给不间断电源（UPS）供电，UPS后备电池给机柜内的IT设备提供不间断的高品质电力供应。

服务器的散热量，通过机房空调和空调水系统，最终通过室外的冷却塔将室内的电力消耗转化的热量排至室外。

为了应付电力和供水中断，在园区设置一定数量的存水和存油设备，保证整个园区的电力和制冷不间断供应。

2018年，国际正常运行时间协会（Uptime Institute ,UI）发布了《国际正常运行时间协会全球数据中心调查》报告，报告中给出了2016年1月至2018年６月这些数据中心宕机的原因。

其中停电是数据中心宕机的最主要原因，占比高达36％。

导致停电的主要原因是：市电故障、柴油发电机故障、操作失误、飓风、雷击、转换开关间歇性故障、不间断电源（UPS）故障、电涌，以及人为破坏等。

表1-1 数据中心宕机原因尽管数据中心按照UI的等级标准来设计，但依旧存在服务器宕机的风险。

数据中心每次宕机的平均成本损失约为7908美元／分钟。

在所有引起服务器宕机的原因中，由于冷却系统失效造成的宕机占33％，并且有逐年增长的趋势。

冷却系统失效的一个主要原因是故障性停电，当供电出现故障时时，可能会导致冷却系统出现暂时停机。

与此同时，服务器及其它 IT 设备由于采用 UPS，在一段时间内仍保持运转，并继续产生热量。

而冷却系统虽然有柴油发电机作为后备电源，但由于柴油发电机启动需要时间，因此在停电后冷却系统会失效一段时间。

在冷却系统失效的时间内，数据中心的温度会急剧上升，在一段时间后会达到服务器运行的极限温度。

WHITE PAPERGreen Data Center and Virtualisation Reducing power by up to 50%CONTENTSExecutive summary 3 Blade for Blade, power is the same 5 PAN lowers power by reducing server/CPU count by 50% 8 PRIMERGY BladeFrame’s Data Centre Virtualisation Architecture 9 CoolFrame Technology reduces Data Centre air cooling load up to 83% 10 Summary 12The evolution of distributed computing has led to an explosion in data center complexity as the number of servers, storage devices, and local and wide area networks has grownexponentially. At the same time, processors continue to get more powerful but applications remain rigidly tied to specific servers, leading to low server utilisation across the data center. This makes today’s environment extremely complex and difficult to manage, yielding high costs for:H ardware and software to meet peak loads, high availability and disaster recoveryOperational expenses for space, power and cooling P ersonnel-intensive administration of redundant power, LAN, SAN and management networksAs a result of these industry trends, businesses are spending an increasingly large portion of their IT budgets on maintenance and power and cooling. According to IDC, in 2006 businesses world-wide spent about $55.4 billion on new servers and approximately $29 billion to power and cool those machines. That is almost half the cost of the equipment itself – for every $1 spent on the server, $0.5 is spent on energy to power and cool it! The amount of money that businesses will spend to power and cool the data center is only going up, so it is critical for IT departments to get control over its computing, storage and network resources.Executive summaryFor every $1 spent on new server spend, $0.50 is spent on energy to power and cool it.(Figure 1: IDC) Worldwide Server Installed Base, New Server Spending, and Power and Cooling Expense12010080604020050403545302520151050S p e n d i n g (U S $ i n b i l l i o n s )Installed base (units in thousands)199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010Worldwide Server Installed Base, New Server Spending, and Power Cooling ExpenseNew Server Spending Power and CoolingSource: IDC 2007IDC March 2007 "CIO Strategies to Build the Next-Generation Data Center" by Vernon TurnerData centre complexity and the large number of servers in the data centre are the primary drivers of increased energy consumption for power and cooling. An increasing number of enterprises have hit the limits of their data centre’s power, cooling and space capacity.IT leaders need to consider the following questions:1) H ow can I most efficiently use only the processing powerI need within each server?1) H ow can I eliminate a majority of the components that are drawing power and generating heat (servers, switches, disk drives, etc.) while maintaining high levels of service to my customer?1) H ow can I efficiently remove heat from my data centre?Data centre virtualisation is key to achieving these goals, and alone could reduce energy costs in the data centre by up to 50%. Data centre virtualisation creates dynamic pools of processing, storage and networking resources that can be applied as needed, when needed, to applications. PRIMERGY BladeFrame’s data centre virtualisation architecture is called the PAN (Processing Area Network). The PAN transforms many common hardware components into software, thus dramatically reducing the overall cost and complexity in the data centre. The PAN architecture allows IT to 1) deliver power efficiently by supplying only the power needed at the right time; 2) reduce data centre complexity by up to 80% and the number of servers/ CPUs that need to be cooled by up to 50%; and 3) provide an additional 25% reduction in data centre cooling with advanced system-level cooling technologies, such as the CoolFrame™ solution.The majority of power in blade servers is consumed by the CPU and memory. Therefore, chip manufacturers are focused ondeveloping processors that provide better performance-per-watt, and the ability to dynamically adjust performance, based on CPU utilisation (e.g. optimise the performance-per-watt for each CPU). The remaining 30–40% of the power is consumed by disk drives, networking, I/O, peripherals and power.Hardware vendors are using the same components in their servers, so there are very few differences from a power perspective when comparing a “blade to a blade.” The real impact on power and cooling occurs with data centrevirtualisation, which reduces server/CPU count and powerthe data centre.Blade for Blade, power is the same –BladeFrame allows you to power only what you need50% CPU30-40% Disk, network, I/O, peripherals, power 10% MemorySource: “Full-System Power Analysis and Modelling for Server Environments,” by Dimitris Economou, Suzanne Rivoire, Christos Kozyrakis, and Partha RanganathanComparing PRIMERGY BladeFrame Processing Blade™ (pBlade™) modules to traditional blades, highlights some of the advantages of the PRIMERGY BladeFrame PAN architecture.P ower requirements are the samefor PRIMERGY BladeFrame pBlademodules as competitive blades.On average, power requirements arethe same for each blade configurationbecause each hardware vendor usesthe same components. Figure 3 and 4illustrate that performance/power andpower/blade only slightly vary for avariety of server configurations.R eduction in physical complexitylowers data centre power requirements.PRIMERGY BladeFrame requires~15–20% less power/blade in someconfigurations compared to traditionalbladed architectures (e.g. 4-socketconfigurations). Through the PANarchitecture, many common hardwarecomponents are eliminated (NICs,HBAs, disk drives, CDROMS, externalswitch port consolidation) andcontrolled in software. The PANdramatically reduces the number ofphysical components that exist in thedata centre, and therefore, reducesthe amount of power drawn andheat emitted.S hared-nothing architectures allowyou to only power what you need.PRIMERGY BladeFrame appears torequire ~15–20% more power/bladein some configurations compared totraditional bladed architectures(e.g. higher density 2-socketconfigurations). However, sharedarchitectures power and cool theentire system whether you have twoor 16 blades installed. PRIMERGYBladeFrame has a “shared-nothing”architecture, so you only power whatyou need. Figure 5 illustrates how ashared-nothing architecture is moreefficient regardless of whether thesystem is partially or fully utilised.P RIMERGY BladeFrame pBlademodules are optimised for thehighest efficiency. Each PRIMERGYBladeFrame pBlade has its own powersupply and fan; right-sized to operateat peak efficiency at the maximumrated output power. Power/cooling isnot oversized for larger memory orCPU configurations. Efficiencies inshared architectures are lower whenthe system is not fully loaded or isoperating above the maximumrated power.(Figure 5: Vendor Power CalCulators)0.5P e r f o r m a n c e /W a t t (S p e c /W )AMD-2216,2-socket/4GBIntel 5160,2-socket/16GBAMD-8216,4-socket/32GBIntel-x53552-socket/32GBBladeFrame HP cClass IBM BCH*HP RackBladeFrame HP cClass IBM BCH*HP Rack8006005007004003002001000W a t t s /b l a d eAMD-2216,2-socket/4GBIntel 5160,2-socket/16GBAMD-8216,4-socket/32GBIntel-x53552-socket/32GB2000140012001000180016008006004002000W a t t s /b l a d e0%20%40%60%Traditional Blades: Shared Power/Cooling80%100%System Utilisation with AMD-2216, 2-socket/4GBBladeFrame: Shared Nothing Traditional Blades: Shared Power/Cool Power measurements are based on power sizing tools, which do not reflect application environments (e.g. configuration, application,ambient temperature, and other factors). A more realistic value under typical conditions is assumed to be 80% of the maximum provided, which is assumed for IBM’s power calculator results.Servers/CPUs that you don’t have are the best kind, because they don’t need to be powered or cooled. The PAN architecture reduces the number of servers/CPUs in the data centre by up to 50%. Data centres typically buy enough servers to support an application at its peak demand while ensuring high availability and disaster recovery with additional servers. This environment is often replicated for test, development, QA, production and disaster recovery. That capacity is trapped and cannot be shared between applications or departments as business demands change. The end result is data centres are filled with hundreds to thousands of servers and all the supporting infrastructure includingnetwork switches, storage networks,cables and cooling systems. Each of these components requires power, cooling and real estate, which drive up operational costs for organisations.The best way to reduce the amount of power and cooling required in the data centre is to eliminate servers, which also eliminates the resulting surrounding infrastructure. PRIMERGY BladeFrame’s data centre virtualisation architecture, simplifies the data centre and eliminates the complexity causing most of today's power and cooling challenges.This architecture enables the ability to dynamically provision resources based on business demands, provide costeffective high availability and disaster recovery. This eliminates up to 50% of the servers/CPUs supporting an application and dramatically reduces data centre complexity in the data centre by up to 80%.One BladeFrame customer has anenvironment that requires 70 production servers, of which 50% is highly available. Traditional server architectures would require 105 servers to support production with high availability. PRIMERGYBladeFrame lowers power requirements by 35% by eliminating the need for 33 of these servers.PAN lowers power by reducing server/CPU count by 50%- Servers that you don’t have, don’t need to be powered or cooled60,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000HP cClass BladeFrame105 ServersPRIMERGY BladeFrame's Processing Area Network (PAN) architecture combines stateless, diskless processing blades with unique virtualisation software (PAN Manager™ software) to dramatically reduce data centre complexity and deliver an agile, highly-available infrastructure. PAN Manager replaces hardware infrastructure with software and eliminates manual, resource-intensive systems administration tasks through integrated automation. Rather thantie specific operating systems and applications to a server, PAN Manager creates pools of computer storage and network resources that can be dynamically allocated as needed.In conjunction with the BladeFrame system, PAN Manager software delivers a fully virtualised computing infrastructure in an integrated, highly-available system.Through virtualisation, the PAN can repurpose servers when needed, as needed (on the fly). This reduces the need to have servers:S pecified for the intended peak capacity plus some extra overhead for comfort.C onfigured as passive standby servers or overly clustered active machines. This capability eliminates the need for servers that were provisioning only for high availability.D edicated development or UAT servers without sharing computing resources across applications.S itting idle in a DR mode and not used for development or QA environments. One system can serve as backup to production systems at multiple production data centers (N+1 DR).The role of virtual machine technologyFor less mission-critical applications –those that don’t require HA/DR or the fullcapacity of a single processing resource– consolidation using virtual machinetechnologies is often used to reducepower and cooling requirements.For example, one server hosting fourvirtual machines might draw 600 W(operating at 60% utilisation) comparedto four dedicated physical resourcesdrawing 1200 W (400W for each server,operating at 15% utilisation).PRIMERGY BladeFrame’s PANarchitecture provides the ideal platformfor managing a virtual machineenvironment. The PAN provides a singlemanagement domain for configuring,allocating, repurposing and managingboth physical and virtual servers.In addition, the PAN provides a flexiblepool of resources for delivering costeffective high availability, N+1 failover,disaster recovery, dynamic repurposingand other critical services availablethrough PAN Manager software. Whetherconsolidating hundreds of servers ontovirtual blades or deploying the mostmission-critical applications on physicalblades, the PAN provides managementand physical simplicity. Managinghypervisors within the PAN allows forservers to be right-sized, eliminating idleCPU cycles that are being cooled for noreason.in PAN SANNetworkPRIMERGY BladeFrame’s Data Centre Virtualisation ArchitectureCurrent data centers are designed for power densities of550 W/m2 to 1380 W/m2. With the rapid adoption of blades and hypervisors, rack power densities may be exceeding the data centre’s ability to cool effectively with standard HV AC systems. Increases in temperature associated with larger power consumption have been shown to reduce the reliability and efficiency of systems. Every 10 degree temperature increase over 21C can decrease the reliability of electronics by 50% (Source: Uptime Institute).Given these challenges, reducing data centre complexity in order to lower power requirements and increase the efficiency of cooling dense systems is critical. Rack-level cooling solutions can dissipate heat generated from the rack to reduce the overall room temperature and load on HV AC systems. The CoolFrame solution integrates Emerson Network Power's Liebert XD® cooling technology with the BladeFrame 400 S2 system. Adding CoolFrame to a BladeFrame 400 S2 reduces the heat dissipation of the rack to the room from as much as 20,000 watts to a maximum of 1,500 watts. Each additional server that is added to the BladeFrame results in zero watts emitted into the data centre.Business Benefits of CoolFrame23% reduction in data centre cooling energy costs of a BladeFrame 400 S2 environment83% reduction in data centre cooling load (eliminating1.5 kW of fan load per rack)D ecrease real estate requirements from 23,4 m2 to 11,9 m2 (based on quad-core 4-socket servers). Estimates for “provisioned data centre floor space” is approximately 11.000 €/m2 according to industry analysts Operational Benefits of CoolFrameN ot W ATER − refrigerants − safe and reliableN o additional power requirementsN o impact on cable management and serviceabilityN o additional footprint required − no initial planning required today for cooling requirements, changes can be made in future with no impact on real estate ordata centre operationsC ool only the servers that need additional heat dissipation − avoid overcooling the whole data centre with inefficient air cooling mechanismsCoolFrame Technology reduces Data Centre air cooling load up to 83%The Liebert XD is a waterless cooling solution that delivers focused cooling through an infrastructure that includesa pumping unit or chiller and overhead piping system with quick-connect fixtures. Flexible piping connects Liebert XD cooling modules to the infrastructure, making it easy to add modules or reconfigure the system. With the CoolFrame solution, Liebert XD cooling modules become integral to the rear of the BladeFrame 400 S2 system. A single pumping unit or chiller provides 160 kW liquid cooling capacity for up to eight BladeFrame 400 S2 systems. same footprintas BladeFrame9,250 wattsreduced to0 watts1,500 watts9,250 wattsreduced to0 wattsliebert XdCoolFramemodulesexisting building chillersliebert XdP/XdC160kw liquid coolingpump unitCan support8 BladeFramesComparing power requirements for blade configurations whereprocessor utilisation is high, demonstrates near equivalence in power consumption for similar processors.PRIMERGY BladeFrame offers a dramatic advantage of lower overall power consumption based on:P AN architecture that reduces the number of required servers/CPUs by up to 50%S hared-nothing environment that allows you to power only what you need, lowering power consumption over the typical usage period with high and low server utilisation P owerful virtualisation software that eliminates NICs, HBAs, local disks and external switch ports that contribute to power consumption.SummaryFluid Based Cooling SolutionsPAN architecture provide significant architectural and density advantages Published byFujitsu technology solutions Domagkstr. 28, 80807 Munich, GermanyCopyright: © 2009 Fujitsu Technology SolutionsContact: /contactAll rights reserved, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model. All designations used in this document may be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of their owners. We reserve the right。

数据中心机房空调系统技术白皮书发布为推广数据中心空调系统技术、贯彻执行国家标准，由中国工程建设标准化协会信息通信专业委员会（CECS）数据中心工作组牵头组织业内专家编写的《数据中心机房空调系统技术白皮书》日前正式发布。

该白皮书总结了数据中心空调系统的理论和实践经验，阐述了数据中心的环境要求、数据中心的机柜和空调设备布局、数据中心空调方案设计、数据中心高热密度解决方案、数据中心制冷系统发展趋势及机房环境评估和优化等。

数据中心工作组组长、《数据中心机房空调系统技术白皮书》课题技术负责人钟景华表示，此白皮书可用于指导数据中心空调系统的规划和设计。

白皮书正式发布制冷系统是数据中心的耗电大户，约占整个数据中心能耗的30%~45%。

随着绿色数据中心概念的不断深入，制冷系统的节能也逐渐获得业内人士的关注。

编制技术白皮书，有助于推广成熟的空调技术，对相关的热点问题开展探讨和解释。

《数据中心机房空调系统技术白皮书》课题技术负责人钟景华在发布会上表示，经过多次集中讨论和交流，编写组针对白皮书的整体架构和内容做了反复沟通和探讨，根据国内外相关技术标准规范的要求，开展了多次专题研究和调查分析，广泛征求各方面的意见，总结归纳国内外数据中心空调系统在工程应用中的实践经验，经反复修改和专家审查，最终定稿发布。

白皮书的编制原则主要包括三个方面。

一是考虑内容的适应性、覆盖性和全面性。

白皮书要适应当前数据中心的技术发展状况以及未来新技术、新产品的发展情况。

有关数据和资料要与新设备、新材料、新技术、新工艺的发展水平相适应；要覆盖国内各种数据中心的空调系统工程设计、施工和检验环节；纳入成熟的、经过验证的应用方案、方法和设备等；内容体系要完整。

二是以数据中心空调系统方案设计为中心。

侧重设计方案和原则、重要技术方案确实定、参数计算和确定、设备选型与布置等方面的内容，同时防止内容冗杂，通过分类提供相关标准、规范、参考资料的索引，提供深入学习和研究的途径。

数据中心供配电系统应用白皮书核心提示：任何现代化的IT设备都离不开电源系统，数据中心供配电系统是为机房内所有需要动力电源的设备提供稳定、可靠的动力电源支持的系统。

供配电系统于整个数据中心系统来说有如人体的心脏-血液系统。

一引言任何现代化的IT设备都离不开电源系统，数据中心供配电系统是为机房内所有需要动力电源的设备提供稳定、可靠的动力电源支持的系统。

供配电系统于整个数据中心系统来说有如人体的心脏-血液系统。

1.1编制范围考虑到数据中心供配电系统内容的复杂性和多样性以及叙述的方便，本白皮书所阐述的"数据中心供配电系统"是从电源线路进用户起经过高/低压供配电设备到负载止的整个电路系统，将主要包括：高压变配电系统、柴油发电机系统、自动转换开关系统（ATSE，Automatic Transfer Switching Equipment）、输入低压配电系统、不间断电源系统（UPS，Uninterruptible Power System）系统、UPS列头配电系统和机架配电系统、电气照明、防雷及接地系统。

如下图：高压变配电系统：主要是将市电（6kV/10kV/35kV，3相）市电通过该变压器转换成（380V/400V，3相），供后级低压设备用电。

柴油发电机系统：主要是作为后备电源，一旦市电失电，迅速启动为后级低压设备提供备用电源。

自动转换开关系统：主要是自动完成市电与市电或者市电与柴油发电机之间的备用切换。

输入低压配电系统：主要作用是电能分配，将前级的电能按照要求、标准与规范分配给各种类型的用电设备，如UPS、空调、照明设备等。

UPS系统：主要作用是电能净化、电能后备，为IT负载提供纯净、可靠的用电保护。

UPS输出列头配电系统：主要作用是UPS输出电能分配，将电能按照要求与标准分配给各种类型的IT设备。

机架配电系统：主要作用是机架内的电能分配。

此外，数据中心的供配电系统负责为空调系统、照明系统及其他系统提供电能的分配与输入，从而保证数据中心正常运营。

数据中心空调系统节能技术分析摘要：降低暖通空调运行能耗对降低数据中心能源需求的作用明显。

针对数据中心空调系统能耗比例过高的现状,分析空调系统的特点和高能耗的原因,并对建筑布局与围护结构优化、自然冷却技术、冷热通道封闭、高效冷源和提高冷冻水温度等5种常用的暖通空调节能技术进行分析,从而为数据中心空调系统的综合节能建设与改造提供参考和依据。

关键词：数据中心;暖通空调;高能耗;建筑布局;围护结构优化;自然冷却技术;前言：近年来,随着各个行业信息化发展的不断深入和信息量的爆炸式增长,数据中心建设呈现快速增长趋势,运营商、互联网企业、金融、政府、制造业等各个行业都在规划、建设和改造各自的数据中心。

数据中心建设在负荷密度和可靠性方面面临着极高的要求,研究表明,一般商业建筑能耗为50~110W/㎡,而数据中心的能耗为120~940W/㎡。

并且,数据机房的建设涉及金融、通讯、政府等行业均对数据机房运行时的可靠性、安全性要很高的要求,其中包括环境的温湿度、洁净度的稳定性。

所以,制冷系统设计与选择在数据中心建设中十分重要。

通常,空调系统自身能耗占数据中心总能耗约1/3,是降低能源消耗的关键,具有很大的节能潜力。

因此,研究和优选合理的空调系统节能技术可有效降低数据中心的整体能耗。

1.数据中心空调系统特点分析1.1供冷时间长,送风参数相对稳定。

数据机房负荷主要来自IT设备发热量,IT设备需要全年运行,即使在冬季室外温度较低时,机房模块内仍有制冷需求,要求空调设备长时间供冷。

数据中心围护结构散热量、人员等负荷相对较小,设备全年冷负荷变化不大,因此数据中心空调送风参数比较稳定。

1.2显热大,潜热小。

大部分数据机房为无人值守,室内无散湿源,且新风比例低。

空调设备主要作用为控制室内显热,除湿负荷小,热湿比趋于+∞。

为满足机房室内温湿度要求,空调系统具有送风温差小、送风量大的特点。

2.数据中心空调系统节能技术2.1自然冷却技术数据中心通常都需要常年不间断供冷,常规的制冷系统,室外温度即使是低于或远低于其循环冷冻水温的情况下冷水机组也需要照常运行。

数据中心机房节能措施引言概述：数据中心机房是企业信息技术基础设施的核心，但其高能耗和碳排放已成为环境和经济的重要问题。

为了应对这一挑战，数据中心机房需要采取一系列的节能措施。

本文将从四个方面详细阐述数据中心机房节能措施。

一、优化空调系统1.1 采用高效空调设备：选择能效比高的空调设备，如热泵空调，以提高能源利用效率。

1.2 使用冷热通道隔离技术：通过冷热通道隔离，减少冷气流失，提高冷却效果，降低能耗。

1.3 应用智能温控系统：利用智能温控系统对机房温度进行实时监测和调控，避免能源浪费。

二、优化供电系统2.1 使用高效供电设备：选择高效电源设备，如UPS，减少能源损耗。

2.2 采用分级供电系统：将机房按照不同功耗需求分级供电，避免低功耗设备受高功耗设备影响而浪费能源。

2.3 应用智能电能管理系统：通过智能电能管理系统对供电进行实时监测和管理，发现并解决能源浪费问题。

三、优化机房布局3.1 合理规划机房布局：根据机房设备的功耗和散热需求，合理规划机柜和设备的摆放位置，以提高空气流通效率。

3.2 使用热交换技术：利用热交换技术将机房产生的热能转移到其他区域，减少冷却负荷，降低能耗。

3.3 采用冷热通道隔离技术：通过冷热通道隔离，减少热能流失，提高冷却效果，降低能耗。

四、优化设备管理4.1 定期设备维护：定期对机房设备进行检查和维护，保持设备的正常运行状态，避免能源浪费。

4.2 应用智能监控系统：利用智能监控系统对机房设备进行实时监测和管理，及时发现并解决能源浪费问题。

4.3 建立能耗监测和评估机制：建立能耗监测和评估机制，对机房能耗进行定期评估和改进，提高节能效果。

综上所述，数据中心机房节能措施包括优化空调系统、优化供电系统、优化机房布局和优化设备管理。

通过采取这些措施，可以降低数据中心机房的能耗和碳排放，实现节能减排的目标，同时也能降低企业的运营成本。

数据中心白皮书（2018年）中国信息通信研究院开放数据中心委员会2018年10月版权声明本白皮书版权属于中国信息通信研究院和开放数据中心委员会，并受法律保护。

转载、摘编或利用其它方式使用本白皮书文字或者观点的，应注明“来源：中国信息通信研究院和开放数据中心委员会”。

违反上述声明者，本院将追究其相关法律责任。

在信息技术快速发展的背景下，数据中心作为各行各业的关键基础设施，为我国经济转型升级提供了重要支撑。

我国数据中心产业总体起步较晚，2013年以来，随着移动互联网、云计算、大数据等技术的发展，产业规模高速增长，产业布局逐步优化，能效水平总体提升，产业链不断完善并取得一系列技术创新成果，但是产业发展仍面临着东西部地区供给需求不平衡、市场服务仍需完善、运维水平有待提高等问题。

随着5G、物联网、人工智能、VR/AR等新一代信息技术的快速演进，将对数据中心提出更高的需求，我国数据中心产业将面临新的机遇和挑战。

中国信息通信研究院联合开放数据中心委员会首次发布《数据中心白皮书》，通过梳理国际、国内数据中心产业发展状况，分析国内外数据中心产业发展热点，总结数据中心基础设施、IT设备、建设模式等方面的技术发展特点和趋势，结合我国数据中心产业面临的政策环境，提出了产业发展展望和政策建议，为政府及产业界提供参考。

一、全球数据中心产业发展状况及分析 (1)(一) 全球数据中心产业规模及发展趋势 (1)(二) 全球数据中心产业热点分析 (2)二、我国数据中心产业发展状况及分析 (6)(一) 我国数据中心产业规模及发展趋势 (6)(二) 我国数据中心产业热点分析 (8)三、数据中心技术发展特点 (12)(一) 高密度、绿色化引发数据中心基础设施变革 (12)(二) 模块化数据中心成为数据中心建设新模式 (13)(三) 定制化成为数据中心设施设备的发展方向 (14)(四) 速度和性能成为数据中心计算存储设备追求的热点 (16)(五) 大规模、高流量加速数据中心网络设备与技术演进 (17)四、我国数据中心产业政策环境分析 (19)(一) 政策引导数据中心布局不断优化 (19)(二) 示范评优引领数据中心产业进步 (20)(三) IDC业务管理政策逐步完善 (21)(四) 绿色节能仍是地方数据中心政策的主要抓手 (22)五、我国数据中心发展展望与政策建议 (23)(一) 发展展望 (23)(二) 政策建议 (28)中国信息通信研究院&开放数据中心委员会数据中心白皮书（2018年）一、全球数据中心产业发展状况及分析(一)全球数据中心产业规模及发展趋势全球数据中心数量减体量增。