大学英语专业影视欣赏复习资料

英文电影赏析，每年基本都是这些题，好好看这些，基本能考八十分左右，好好复习，把要点都记在脑子里，一定能过。

其实应该是要考出高分才对哦！这里只是给出题型和一个大概的复习范围和资料，外面别乱说，应该实事求是。

否则，如果教务处认为不应该给出复习范围，那成绩作废，试题重出，不给范围，考多少是多少。

不过从复习资料你们可以看出这门课的题是有相当难度的。

◆考试注意事项：必须使用黑色字迹签字笔答题；答案标明题号全部写在答题纸上，写在试题上的无效。

答题纸上务必写清楚班级、姓名和考试证号，未写或字迹模糊的无法登记成绩，记为零分。

考试期间不许提前交卷离场，请认真答题。

◆考试题型及分值：共五个大题。

第一大题为20个英语单项选择题。

每题1分，共20分。

第二大题为一个表格中有5个选择填空题。

每空一分，共5分。

第三大题为将10个术语（terms）由英语翻译为汉语。

每个一分，共10分。

第四大题为将6段话由英语翻译为汉语。

每段2分，共12分。

第五大题为6个简述题，要求用英文回答。

每题3分，共18分。

第六大题为1个英语论述题（essay question）（字数不得少于150个英语单词）。

35分。

◆复习资料：请大家结合所列问题，自学以下材料。

1. Multiple choice questions1.1. History of filmThe history of film is simplified by its shortness. In the case of Hollywood, it is enough to talk about three major historical periods---those of early cinema, classical Hollywood cinema, and post-classical Hollywood cinema.好莱坞的电影历史主要分成三个时期：早期电影、经典好莱坞电影和后经典好莱坞电影。

Appreciating CinemaPart One:Categorization of genresGenreSocial DramaRomanceGangsterWar filmScience fictionFantasyWesternDisasterCrimeEpicActionMusical_____________________________________________________________________ BlockbusterFilm noirComedy intended togeneratelaughterHorror intended to horrifyThriller intended to thrillPart Two: The basic storiesThere are a limited number of stories that form the basis for all fictional narratives.·Achilles Example: Superman·Candide Example:ForrestGump·Cinderella Example:Pretty Woman·Circe Example:FatalAttraction·Faust Example:Wall Street·Orpheus Example: Born on the Fourth of July·Romeo and Juliet Example: Shakespeare in Love, Ghost ·Tristan The Graduate·The Wandering Jew Example: The English PatientPart Three:The Classic Three-Act Linear Structure（经典三幕式直线结构）The majority of Hollywood films employs the classic three-act linear structure(or a variation of it). The three-act structure implies that the film can be divided into three acts.Act 1 would normally be expected to occupy the first quarter of the film; Act 2 would occupy the next half; and Act 3 would occupy the final quarter.Each act has a different function. For a typical two—hour Hollywood film, the act divisions would be as follows.Act Time FunctionAct 1 0-30 minutes set-upAct 2 30-90 minutes development (conflictandconfrontation) Act 3 90-120 minutes resolution and denouncement(结局)Part Four: Alternative Narrative Structures·Episodic Structure章回式结构Episodic narratives follow the protagonist through a series of potentially unrelated adventures. As in thethree-act structure, there are definite turning points at which the fortunes of the protagonist turn from good to bad or vice versa; however, unlike the three-act structure, the number of such turning points is not limited. ·Hero’s Journey Structure英雄旅程结构The hero’s journey narrative forms the underlying narrative structure of many myths and legends; and it is also to be found in many successful Hollywood films. The narrative occurs in a number of stages, which can be simplified as follows:1.Call to adventure2.Journey through unfamiliar World3.Supreme ordeal4.Reward5.Return and reintegration into societyPart Five: SubplotMost Hollywood films have one or more subplots. Subplots are additional stories(secondary plots) that are linked to the main plot and have an influence upon it;they don’t require separate protagonists, but they do require separate actions.The relationship between the main plot and the subplotscan take any one of four forms. These are: ·Complementary·Contradictory·Setup·ComplicatingPart Six: Symbols and MotifsA symbol is something that stands for or suggests something else, usually on account of a relationship, association, convention or resemblance. A motif is a recurring feature or idea related to the theme of the film; frequently it will be a recurring symbol.Question:Symbols may have different meanings in China and the West. List some of the differencesDifferent symbolic values of colors, animals, and number symbols used in the Western cultural tradition alongside their possible meanings and their different symbolic values in the Chinese cultural tradition.Symbol Meaning in the West Meaning in ChinaRed anger, sexuality, passion good fortune, happiness,prosperityWhite purity deathGreen envy, inexperience;the peace; the environment environmentYellow royal power and authorityOwl wisdom bad luckLion majesty, strength, braveryDragon evil majesty, success,goodfortunePhoenix rebirth, resurrection good fortune,precious Turtle slowness longevityPeacock arrogance, vanity good fortune3the Trinity( God, Christ, the Holy Ghost)13Bad luck666 the Devil good luck8 wealth4 deathPartSeven: Identifying ThemeIn practical terms, how does one identify and interpret the theme of the film? Since theme is a complicated and variable phenomenonand can be expressed in so many forms, it isimpossible to give a step-by-step guide. However, it is still possible to outline some basic approaches:·The Title of the FilmFilms will commonly use titles to point out their themes. ·Names of CharactersScriptwriters may use the names of their characters to suggest both something about the characters themselves, and also something about the overall theme of the film. ·SymbolismSymbols, motifs, and symbolic settings may indicate the theme of the film.·Character ConflictThe theme may emerge from the conflict between characters, especially when the characters are representative of deeper values and attitudes.·Speeches and DialogueSpeeches may also indicate the themes of a film. In About a Boy, for example, the protagonist describes his theory of “island living”( i.e.a radically independent lifestyle) in a speech addressed directly to the audience. In fact, this leads directly to the theme:Absolute independence is an undesirable state.·SubplotsThe main plot carries the main burden of the narrative. The subplot, on the other hand, can be used more flexibly to explore the thematic implications of the film.·Social ContextThemes can emerge from the interaction of a film’s subject matter and its social context.Take Forrest Gump as example·Episodic Structure and Repetition(章回式结构和循环)The narrative structure of Forrest Gump is basically episodic: that is, it is made up of separate, loosely connected situations that occur in the life of the protagonist.What holds together the narrative is not the plot but the figure of Gump himself.Accompanying this episodic structure is a pattern of repetitions. The scenein which Gump is bulliedby boys from his hometown is repeated a littlelater in his life, as is Jenny’s famous exhortation(告诫) to Forrest(Run, Forrest! Run). The act of getting on theschool bus to find no one willing to offer a seat is also repeated when Gump sets off for Vietnam. Gump’s meetings with American presidents occur time after time, as do reports of assassinations of prominent figures in recenthistory. Perhaps the most profound repetition, though, is the birth of the young Forrest Gump and his own first trip on the school bus: This time the repetition is accompanied by a change for the better, as the young Gump has all the charm of his father with none of the stupidity. The overall effect of these repetitions is to create an sense of circularity---the reassuring feeling that history repeats itself.Plot and SubplotForrest Gump is something of an exception because the story of Gump’s life and the plot of the film are almost identical. That is to say, the main plot is , essentially, nothing more than the story of Gump’s life: Gump is born, goes to school, goes to college, goes to Vietnam, comes home and sets up a shrimping business, meets Jenny again, runs across the country, etc.The subplot, which deals largely with Jenny’s life story，is radically different. It gives a lot of clues as to what has happened to Jenny during the course of her life, but very little of this is actually shown. We infer that she has caught AIDS , but none of this information is part of the subplot itself. Exercise Use your knowledge of the different kinds of subplot to categorize the Jenny subplot.The Jenny subplot can be categorized as both: ·Complicating: Jenny is Gump’s love interest, and so is adriving force in the main plot. ·Contradictory: Jenny’s underlying motivation(intellectualcuriosity) and attitude to life(experimental)are opposite to those of GumpVogler’s Seven Character ArchetypesChristopher Vogler, formerly story analyst at Disney and nowdirector of Development at Fox 2000 publisheda book, The Writer’s Journey: MythicStructure for Storytellers and Screenwriters,which has been called “the current industrybible”.Vogler argues that there are seven basic character functions:hero, mentor（导师）, threshhold guardian（关卡守卫者）, herald（信使）, shapeshift（变化者）, shadow（影子）, and trickster（骗子，魔术师）.These characters functions are reallybest thought of as character archetypes: thatis , they are mythological types to whichhumans respond on a deep instinctive levelbecause they represent the basic unchangingfeatures of human experiences.HeroMentor:Threshhold GuardianHeraldShapeshiftShadowTricksterThe Devil Wears Prada comedygenre ComedyThe Devil Wears Prada is a 2006 comedy-drama film, a loose screen adaptation of Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel of the same name.Answer the following questionsa) Why does Miranda decide to hire Andrea Sachs,a girl who lacks styleand seems not to fit in there? B/c Andrea is different from the girlsMiranda always hires who are stylish,slender and worship themagazine, but turn out to be disappointing and stupid.b) What is Andrea’sattitude towards her job as Miranda’s assistant atRunway?At first ,she does not take the job seriously. Then sherealizes that if she wants to survive Miranda at Runway, she mustchange her attitude..She starts to respect Miranda’s style and putsforth her best efforts in the jobs.c) What is the reason for Andrea to leave Miranda and the Runway?Because Andrea learns that life is made of choices.She does not wantto live the way Miranda lives and then she chooses to pursue her ownlifestyle.Character AnalysisMiranda Priestly: demanding, a dragon lady, powerful, bossy, merciless,sophisticated, career-obsessedAndrea Sachs: naïve, idealistic, smart, perceptiveFashion runs through the movie as the overriding factor. A fashion magazine and its editor-in-chief provide the movie with the fundamental storyline.The cardinal rule dominating the fashion realm is “thinness”, which is ingeniously revealed in The Devil Wears Prada. Behind this obsession with one’s body image lies a pervasive problem of anorexia( ie, loss of the wish to eat)-------- one of the main types of eating disorders.Cast•Anne Hathaway as Andrea "Andy" Sachs:•Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly:•Emily Blunt as Emily Charlton:•Stanley Tucci as Nigel:•Simon Baker as Christian Thompson:•Adrian Grenier as Nate Cooper: Andrea's boyfriend•Tracie Thoms as Lily: Andrea's close friend, who runs an art gallery.•Rich Sommer as Doug: A college friend of AndreaMemorable Lines1.Fashion is not about utility. An accesory is merely a piece of iconography used to express individual identity.2.For 72 years, Runway has been more than a magazine. It has been a beacon of elegance and grace. Miranda Priestly is the finest possible guardian of that beacon. Setting a standard that inspires people across the globe. About a BoyCharacter AnalysisWill Freeman( a bachelor in his thirties): a loner, a slacker(懒惰的人),selfish,self-centered, shallow, cool, trendyMarcus(a 12-year-old boy): a misfit(不适应环境的人), weird, gloomy, Fiona(Marcus’ mother): a hippie, depressed, near-hystericalAnswer the following questions1.What , according to Will, makes it possible for modern people to leada comfortable island life?2.why does Will refuse to be the godfather for Imogen?3.Why does Will see single mothers as perfect prey?4.How does Marcus feel after his mother’s suicide attempt?5.Why does Marcus decide to sing a song in the school auditorium? Answers1.According to Will, with the right supplies such as TV, CDs, DVDs,videos, home espresso makers and more importantly, the right attitude, everyone in the modern society can be an attractive island.2.He thinks he is a careless man and he will drop Imogen on her head(在头上洒水施洗礼)at her christening and forget all her birthdays. But deep down, he refuses to be Imogen’s godfather because he does not want to take any responsibility.3.They will think Will is a wonderful guy simply by comparison to the“bastard father” of their children. What’s more, Will can have brief affairs with them without a commitment. They are easy to dump. 4.He feels worried about his mother and afraid that she will commitsuicide again. He realizes that two in a family is not enough and he needs a bavkup person.5.Because his mother once tells him that when he sings he bringssunshine to her and he wants to make his mother feel better by singing.6. In the movie Will and Marcus are the two unlikely friends who have formeda close bond. Do you think that two people will develop a close friendshipdespite great difference in age?Memorable lines1.Setting: At the beginning of the movie, Will expresses his opinion that all men are islands. He believes that this is an island age and explains the reason.A hundred years ago, for instance, you had to depend on other people. No one had TV or CDs or DVDs or videos or home espresso（蒸馏咖啡）makers. As a matter of fact, they didn’t have anything cool, whereas now, you see, you can make youself a little island paradise. With the right supplies and more importantly, the right attitude, you can be sun-drenched（充满阳光的）, tropical, a maganet for the young Swedish tourists2.Setting:On the dead duck day Fiona overdoses and is sent to hospital. Will drives Marcus and Suzie home from the hospital at night and he doesn’t want to experience such things again.The thing is, a person’s life is like a TV show. I was the star of the Willshow. And the Will Show wasn’t an ensemble(合奏，合唱，整体) drama. Guests came and went, but I was the regular. It came down to me and me alone.3.Setting: At the end of the movie, Will changes his attitude.Every man is an island. I stand by that. But clearly some men are part of island chains. Below the surface of the ocean they’re actually connected.Forrest GumpQuestions1. The movie begins with a feather flying in the air and ends with it, too. Whatdoes this suggest?2. How did Forrest get his name?3. How do you understand the following quotations?Life is a box of chocolates. You never know what you,ve gonna get.Stupid is as stupid does.4. Do you think everyone has his own destiny or we’re just floating aroundaccidentally on a breeze?5.How do you understand the roles of the two women---Mrs. Gump andJenny---in Forrest’s life?Blind Side dramaCast•Quinton Aaron as Michael "Big Mike" Oher•Sandra Bullock as Leigh Anne Tuohy•Tim McGraw as Sean Tuohy•Kathy Bates as Miss Sue•Lily Collins as Collins Tuohy•Jae Head as Sean "S.J." Tuohy, Jr.•Ray McKinnon as Coach Cotton•Kim Dickens as Mrs. BoswMemorable lines1.Don't use the a-word. 毫无疑问2.I got u back. 我会照顾你的3.I hear "Mrs. Tuohy" I look over my shoulder for my mother-in-law.4.--Why do u need a driver's licence when u don't even have a car?--Something to carry.With my name on it.5.You should really get to know your players. Michael scored in the 98th percentile in protective instincts. "6. Don't u dare to lie to me.别想对我撒谎！7.Courage is a hard thing to figure. You can have courage based on a dumb idea or mistake, but you're not supposed to question adults, or your coach or your teacher, because they make the rules.8.--So u want me to go to Tennessee?-- I want u to do whatever u want. It is your decision, Michael. It's ur life.My Fair LadyQuestions1.What have you learned from this movie about therelationship betweenship between pronunciationand social status? Language and identity?2.Why did Mr. Higgins want to carry out thisexperiment？Why did Eliza agree to be the subjectof this experiment?3.List some strategies that Mr. Higgins employed inhis teaching.4.Was Mr. Higgins a good teacher?Why/why not?5.Why did Eliza decide to leave Mr. Higgins?The Wizard of OzQuestions1.What is the social ideology reflected inthe film?In the film we are exposed to the socialideology that relates to the values of the 1930’s era and ofsmall town rural America. Family, home and hard work arepromoted. This was the depression and the ‘yellow brick’road symbolized gold and we all know what is found at theend of the rainbow – the pot of gold.2.What is the cultural meaning of thefilm?The cultural theme is that we must work hard, keepthe family together and in the end we will have prosperity.If we hold firmly onto our values, the family will remainstrong. This was very important during that period ofeconomic struggle.3.Give a plot summary of the film.4.Analyze the character of Dorothy. Provide examples ofher characteristics from the film.Give an analysis of theCowardly LionPhiladelphia (film) Directed by Jonathan DemmeProduced by Jonathan Demme Edward SaxonWritten by Ron NyswanerStarring Tom HanksDenzel WashingtonJason RobardsMary SteenburgenAntonio BanderasMusic by Howard ShoreCinematography Tak FujimotoEditing by Craig McKayDistributed by TriStar PicturesRelease date(s) December 24, 1993Running time 125 minutesCountry United StatesPhiladelphia is a 1993 American drama film that was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to acknowledge HIV/AIDS, homosexuality and homophobia. It was written by Ron Nyswaner and directed by Jonathan Demme. The film stars Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. It was inspired in part by the story of Geoffrey Bowers, an attorney who in 1987 sued the law firm Baker & McKenzie for wrongful dismissal in one of the first AIDS discrimination cases.Answer the following questions1. What makes Andrew Beckett decide to sue the law firm which he haspreviously served?2. At first glance, Miller is a w orld apart from Beckett’s interests: he is a personal injury lawyer, better known for television commercials than for legal talent, and has had conflicts with Beckett in the courtroom before(Miller lost). Why does Beckett ask Miller to represent him?3. Why does Joe Miller initially refuse to take the case?4. What finally makes Joe Miller take the case?5. What do you think of the scene where Beckett plays an aria(咏叹调)from hisfavorite opera for Miller?Answers:1. Beckett’s bosses claim he has been fired for incompetence andmisplacing an important document for an important client, but Beckett is sure that it’s because he has AIDS. He considers that he is a victim ofprejudice, and is determined to win his case even as his own life begins to fade.2. Because the law firm is so powerful and prestigious, and Beckett is a gayinfected with AIDS, no other lawyer will take the case. After many rejections, with no one else to turn to, Andrew Beckett consults Joe Miller to help him pursue litigation.（诉讼）3. Joe Miller represents the everyman who harbours homophobic tendencies.He does not like homosexuals, who make his skin crawl. He also hasextreme fear of AIDs, and can hardly keep himself from wiping his hand on his pants after shaking Beckett’s hand.4. A chain of events has turned Miller’s emotions in line with Beckett’s case.His wife has a baby, from which he has learned what birth is about, and then he has found out about death too. He comes across the ailing Beckett in the library. Seeing through the face of AIDS, he sees that there’s a dying man there. Then he has a change of heart, recognizing a hint of familiar discrimination in the way Beckett is being treated. He is essentially homophobic but he is also against prejudice. After initial reluctance, he takes the case.5. It’s a brilliant scene where Beckett tries to give a passionate translation ofthe aria “La Momma Morta” while Miller looks on in stunned silence.Miller’s isn’t an opera fan, but as the music plays and Beckett talks over it,passionately explaining his acceptance of death in the midst ofdisplaying his continuing passion for life, Miller undergoes a conversation of the soul. And finally, what Miller sees is a man who loves life and does not want to leave it.Character AnalysisAndrew Beckett: a victim of prejudice, gifted, genuine, forgiving, kindJoe Miller: honest, warm-hearted, prepared for fight for justice, relaxed, witty Charles Wheeler: elegant, smart, selfish, hypocriticalThe setting of the film Philadelphia, which concerns the struggle of an AIDS sufferer to assert his legal rights in the face of prejudice, issymbolic. Think about the (1) the literal meaning of the city’s name, and (2) the city’s role in American history, try to explain why.(1) the literal meaning of Philadelphia is the city of brotherly love. The prefix“phila-“ means “love”; it also occurs in the words “philanthropy”( love of mankind) and “philosophy” (love of wisdom). “Delphia” comes from the Greek “adelphus” meaning “brother”. This is significant because the film seeks to contrast the old ideals of America (i.e. love and tolerance) with the reality of modern prejudice( against AIDS sufferers).(2) Philadelphia was the city in which the first public reading of theDeclaration of Independence occurred. It is also the city in which theLiberty Bell is located. This is significant because the Declaration ofIndependence states America’s commitment to individual’s rights to “ life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”. These are precisely the rights that are denied to the protagonist of the film. The film uses this symbolicsetting to draw attention to the way that the old ideals of the AmericanRepublic are being systematically ignored in the face of the AIDS threat.。

What is film?•Film, or Am. and Aus. movie, is a series of moving pictures, usually shown in a cinema or on television and often telling a story.•As one of the most influential mass media, it has struggled to achieve its proper place as a reputable art form. It merges all the other forms of art: literature, painting, sculpture, music, architecture, drama, and adopts the technical achievements in natural science and applied science like acoustics, optics，electronics，mechanics, and computer, etc.•Film is unlimited not only in its choice of subject matter but also in the scope of its approach to that material.•The motion picture has progressed step by step from drawings, to photographs, to projected, images, to sound, to color, to wide screen, to 3-D.•people enjoy having wide selections of entertainment forms, yet film still has its artistic charm and appeals to people of different ages from all walks of life.Film History•The US was the first country to turn film into a popular form of entertainment and an important industry.•The first full-length “ story ” film was The Train Robbery 《火车大劫案》of 1903.• D. W. Griffith ‟s famous Birth of Nation (《一个国家的诞生》, 1915 ) was the first major feature film made in the US.•The decade 1921~1931 was called the “gold period of silent films ”•Thanks to the innovations in technique, content, and structural forms, Hollywood…s film making culminated for the first time during the 1930s and the 1940s, and many distinguished films came into being, such as Citizen Kane，Great Dictator, Waterloo Bridge , Gone with the Wind, Rebecca , Casablanca etc ,•In the 1950s American movies experienced an all time low. all time low.•In the 1960s Hollywood began to adjust herself to the competing situation by cooperating with television, producing motion pictures and other things for TV.•From 1970s on, Hollywood combined the new technology of video tape and DVD with film making, which helped keep it in the competition of cultural consumption.American film artists shot films, like Jaw , Star Wars, and Superman and won the box office and audience as well.•Hollywood began to adapt herself to the demand of the buyer's market, for example, many a film has been shot to reflect the current issues of American society, since people started to meditate on tradition and materialism.•These were ethical films: Wall Street, Philadelphia , Bridges of Madison County ;film on political issues:JFK , One Flew Over the Cuckoo ‟s Nest;•war- -theme films:Born on the Fourth of July, Schindler‟s List, Saving Private Ryan ;•recreation of American image:Forrest Gump•The audience also enjoyed the visual and psychological stimulation from•the science films like Star Wars , Alien ;•horror film like :Silence of the Silence of the Lambs ; Scream The Omen , •and disaster films like : Twister , V olcano , Earthquake , etcMovie Awards1. Oscar Prize: Oscar is a name of the annual awards, in the form of small statuettes, that have been given by the American Academy Of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences since 1927 for more than 30 categories involving every stage of film making during the year. It is the most influential movie prize for those who contribute a great deal to film art.Why is it called Oscar?•In 1931, when a secretary said•the figure looked like her uncle Oscar, it got this nickname.•Hollywood has another legend about how it got the nickname. It said that Betty Davis coined the term when she took a good look at the statuette and remarked how much the back side looked like her first husband, Herman Oscar Nelson.Oscar PrizeCountries from all over the world value the Academy Awards, so that every film artist from near and far assemble in Hollywood to celebrate the award ceremony. Undoubtedly it promoted the advancement and innovation of film art, the film artists ‟ enthusiasm and diligence, the exchange and cooperation of all the countries. The Oscar has also elevated the countries. Hollywood to a more special position in the world of film making. world of film making.Movie Awards2. Palme d ‟ Or (Gold Palm): The Cannes International The Cannes International Film Festival opened on September 20,1946 in France after receiving the approval of the provisional government. 18 countries were represented on the first Festival, and all the delegates were automatically jury members. The Cannes Festival awards every year Palme d ‟ Or to the best film of the competition. The Palme d‟ ‟ Or is the most attractive and prestigious award of the Festival.• 3. The Golden Globe Award: It began It began from 1943. The Hollywood Foreign •Press Association Press Association awards its Golden film Globes to honor achievements in film and television during the calendar year. The HFPA currently presents awards in the following motion picture categories: Picture (Drama and Musical or Comedy), Actor(Drama and Musical or Comedy), Actress(Drama and Musical or Comedy), Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress, Director, Screenplay, Original Score, the Original Song, Foreign Film and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. （塞西尔·B·德米尔奖；又称美国金球奖终身成就奖）HollywoodHollywood is the center of the United States motion picture and television the northwest of industries. It situates in Los Angeles, California.•Today Hollywood is not only the center of the motion picture industry, but also of the television, film and recording industries of America.•Most of the famous motion pictures corporations of those days, Metro- -Goldwyn, Columbia Mayer, and Warner Brothers are still very much in business.•Now Hollywood is no longer the heart of the world's motion picture industry. Still, about 80%of all American TV entertainment comes from Hollywood.Ratings System•The rating system of rating motion pictures was introduced by the Motion Picture Association of America on Oct. 7, 1968, and went into effect on Nov. 1.•There are four categories of ratings:•G G indicates the film is for general audiences of all ages.•PG means parental guidance suggested. This is a film which clearly needs to be examined about by parents before they let their younger children attend. Parents are warned against sending their children to PG- -rated movies unseen.•R means children under 17s are restricted andrequire accompanying parent or guardian.This is an adult film in some of its aspects and treatment so for as language, violence, or nudity, sexuality or other content is concerned.•X means no one under 17 can be admitted.•This is an adult film and no children are allowed to attend. It should be noted, however, that X does not necessarily mean obscene or pornographic in terms of sex or violence. Genre of Films•Musicals 音乐片•thical Films 伦理片•Crime Films 犯罪片•tective Films 侦探片•Love Films 爱情片•Disaster Films 灾难片•History Films 历史片•Suspense Thrillers 惊险悬念片•War Films 战争片•Sci-Fi Films 科幻片•Animated Cartoon 动画片Musical and Dance Films●Musical and dance films were one of the major film genres, as they were dependent onsound. With the coming of sound motion pictures, the musical film genre emerged from its roots: stage musicals.●Definition of Musical Films:●Musical and dance films are cinematic forms which emphasize song and dance routines ina significant way, or they are films which are centered on combinations of music, dance,song of choreography ( 舞台舞蹈).●Musicals highlight a search for love, success, wealth, and popularity.●The 1930s and the 1940s are considered the Golden Age of the Musical. Musicals cameinto full flower in the 1940s. Color was being introduced into the major productions.●MGM‟s most popular fantasy musical was the artistic, classic masterpiece The Wizard ofOz (1939), starring an appealing and young emerging star Judy Garland as Dorothy in a magical land.●Four Broadway musicals in the 1960s adapted for the screen won the academy Award forBest Picture —West Side Story(1961), My Fair Lady(1964), The Sound of Music (1965), and Olive! (1968). The Sound of Music (1965) surpassed Gone With the Wind (1939) to become the biggest box-office hit to date, and the film won five Oscars in 1966: Best Director; Best Film; Editing; Best Music, Scoring of Music, Adaptation or Treatment(最佳音乐-音乐编配); Best Picture; Best Sound (最佳音响).●Memorable Songs:●The Sound of Music●I Have Confidence●My Favourite Things●Sixteen Going on Seventeen●Do Re Mi●The Lonely Goatherd●So Long, Farewell●Climb Every Mountain●Something Good●Edelweiss●Animated musical blockbusters from Disney‟s studios also succeeded with high- qualityfeature films: The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994).Musicals● A List of Renowned Musicals:●My Fair Lady《窈窕淑女》（1964）●The Sound of Music《音乐之声》（1965)●Singing in the Rain《雨中曲》（1951）●The Wizard of Oz《绿野仙踪》（1939）●West side Story《西区故事》（1961）●Gigi《金粉世界》（1958）●It Happened One Night 《一夜风流》（1934）●The King and I 《国王与我》（1956）●An American in Paris 《巴黎艳遇》（1951）Julie Andrews (1935-●Julia Elizabeth Wells was born in Walton-on-Thames(泰吾士河畔的瓦尔顿) , England,on October 1st 1935. Early, she began to learn both tap dance (踢踏舞) and ballet from an aunt.●When she was 4, her parents, Barbara and Ted Wells separated. Barbara married TedAndrews Wells and Julia changed her name for Julie Andrews. Barbara and Ted were a musical duo (一对音乐艺人) and they discovered that Julie had a “ freak”voice with a range of 4 octaves (4个8度).●Julie began singing lessons with Madame Lillian Stiles-Allen at the age of 8. When shewas 12, she was cast in Starlight Roof《星光之顶》.●She also performed in the Royal Command Variety Performance at the London Palladium( 伦敦皇家宫廷节目的演出) when she turned 13 years old. There, she performed songs in front of the King George VI, Queen Elisabeth, Prince Philip and Princess Margaret.●In 1954, Julie was cast in The Boy Friend The Boy Friend, at The Royal Theater(皇家剧院皇家剧院).●She left her family to move in New York. She also performed the role of Eliza Doolittle inthe production My Fair Lady 《我的丽人》of Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe.●After that, she was in the cast of Camelot 《伏魔神剑》with Richard Burton.She had the role of Guinevere.●She stopped in 1962, to give birth to Emma Kate, her first and only child with TonyWalton, her first husband.●In 1965, she was heroine in The Sound of Music , which made her famous all over theworld, and she made a lot of movies thereafter.●In 1967, she divorced from Tony Walton. In 1969, she married Blake Edwards, thedirector of Darling Lili Darling Lili《拂晓出击》.●She adopted, in 1974, two orphans children, Amy and Joanna.●She wrote children's books. Mandy, The Last of the Really great Whangdoodlesand more recently, Little Bo.●In 1998, Julie lost her wonderful voice. This was due to an operation that she had on herthroat, to remove non-cancerous nodules (良性的喉瘤手术), but in May 1999, she made her first attempt at singing in public.●Julie has been named on Britain…s Honours List (英国名人荣誉) and has beenmade a Dame (女爵士).Julie Andrews’ MoviesJulie Andrews‟ Movies Year1 The Princess Diaries 22004《公主日记2：皇家婚约》2 Shrek 2 《怪物史莱克2 》20043 The Princess Diaries2001《公主日记》4 A Fine Romance《浪漫之旅》19925 Tchin- Tchin《嘴对嘴的战争》1991Julie Andrews‟ Movies Year6 Duet for One《怨女春曲》19877 That‟ s Life! 《生之乐章》19868 The Man Who Loved Women《男生爱女人》 19839 Victor/Victoria 《雌雄莫辨》198210 S.O.B. 《疯狂人生》1981Julie Andrews‟ Movies Year11 Little Miss Marker《小麻烦》198012 10 《十全十美》197913 The Tamarind Seed《激情》197414 Darling Lili 《拂晓出击》197015 Star! 《星光灿烂乐升平》1968Julie Andrews‟ Movies Year16 Thoroughly Modern Millie 《蜜莉姑娘蜜莉1967姑娘》17 Hawaii 《夏威夷》196618 Torn Curtain 《冲破铁幕》196619 The Sound of Music1965《音乐之声》20 Mary Poppins《欢乐满人间》1964Julie Andrews‟ Movies Year21 The Americanization of Emily 《丁副官》196522 The Rose of Baghdad 1952Ethical Films▪Definition of Ethical Films:▪Ethical Films are films with the ethics as its subject, and serve as an exploration of the moral conducts and ethical standards accepted in a society. Different from the other kinds of film, such ethical subjects as love, marriage, family, religion, generation gap andsocial problems can be found in almost every ethical film. Therefore, they enjoy broader ranges and come harder to define.▪ A List of Renowned Ethical Films:▪Kramer vs. Kramer 《克莱默夫妇》（1979）▪Driving Miss Daisy 《为黛西小姐开车》（1989）▪Rain Man 《雨人》（1988）▪Forrest Gump 《阿甘正传》（1994）▪Scent of a Woman 《闻香识女人》（1992））▪The Best Years of Our Lives 《黄金时代》（1946）▪ A Place in the Sun 《郎心似铁》（1951）▪ A Street car Named Desire 《欲望号街车》（1951）▪One Flew over the Cuckoo‟s Nest 《飞越疯人院》（1975）▪American Beauty 《美国丽人》（1999）▪Wall Street 《华尔街》（1987）▪Philadelphia 《费城故事》（1993）▪Terms of Endearment 《母女情深》（1983）▪Sophie‟s Choice 《索菲的选择》（1982）Forrest Gump 《阿甘正传》▪Tom Hanks (1956- )▪Height: 5'11"▪Religion: Greek Orthodox Church, his wife's choice▪Hobbies: Surfing, golf, hockeyTom Hanks (1956- )▪Thomas J. Hanks was born on July 9, 1956 in Concord, California. Hanks spent much of his childhood moving about with his father, an itinerant (巡回的) cook, and continually attempting to cope with constantly changing schools, religions, and stepmothers.▪Hanks says that by the time he turned 10, he already had “ thre e mothers, five grammar schools and 10 houses ”; nevertheless, he hates it when the news media say he came from a broken home, because he feels he and his family are still close.▪After settling in Oakland, California, he began performing in high school plays.▪At age 20, he dropped out college to pursue acting.▪In 1978, in New York, he married his first wife, actress-producer Samantha Lewes. Tom Hanks was married to Samantha Lewes from 1978 to 1985 and has two children, Colin and Elizabeth.▪He married Rita Wilson —who he met during filming of the movie, V olunteers 《志愿者》— on April 30, 1988 and now has two children, Chester and Truman.▪in 1989, Tom Hanks won a Golden Globe Award, the Los Angeles Film Critics Award and earned his first Oscar nomination for his endearing role of a little boy in a man’s body in Penny Marshall‟s Big 《飞跃未来》.▪Tom Hanks has received two Best Actor Academy Awards in 1994 and 1995. He became the first actor in over 50 years to win consecutive Best Actor Academy Awards when he captured his second Oscar for his unforgettable performance in the title role in Robert Zemeckis’Forrest Gump. His work in the film also brought him a Golden Globe Awardand a Screen Actors Guild honor.▪The year prior, Hanks was honored with his first Oscar (as well as another Golden Globe Award) for Best Actor for his moving portrayal of AIDS- stricken lawyer Andrew Beckett in Jonathan Demme’s Philadelphia 《费城故事》.▪He won his fourth nomination for his leading role of a WWII platoon captain leading a squadron in search of a missing soldier in Steven Spielberg‘s epic drama, Saving Private Ryan《拯救大兵瑞恩》.▪He earned another Golden Globe nomination for his work opposite Meg Ryan in the romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle《西雅图不眠夜》, directed by Nora Ephron. Hanks received widespread critical and audience acclaim for his work as astronaut Jim Lovell in the Academy Award nominated space epic Apollo 13《阿波罗13号》▪His other film credits include Bachelor Party《疯狂今晚夜》, A League of Their Own 《女子棒球队／红粉联盟》, Punchline《头条笑料》, Nothing in Common《对头冤家》and The Money Pit《钱之坑》.▪Hanks also created the voice of cowboy Woody in the Disney animated films Toy Story 《玩具总动员》and Toy Story 2《玩具总动员2》.▪Sleepless in Seattle 《西雅图不眠夜》▪The Terminal 《幸福终点站》▪Band of Brothers 《兄弟连》Forrest Gump 《阿甘正传》▪US (1994) Paramount Pictures▪Director: Robert Zemeckis▪Cast: Tom Hanks Forrest Gump▪Gary Sinise Lt. Dan▪Robin Wright Jenny▪Awards:▪The film won Oscars for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Visual Effects and Best Adapted Screenplay.Animated Films•Definition of Animated Films:•Animated Films are ones in which individual drawings are photographed frame by frame.Usually, each frame differs slightly from the one preceding it, giving the illusion of movement when frames are projected in rapid succession.•Animated films are often directed to, or appeal most to children, but can be enjoyed by all.Animation, fairy tales, stop-motion films (模型定格拍摄，静帧动画), and adventures that appeal to children are included in this genre category.Animated Films•The earliest animated films that most people remember seeing are Disney films which contain exquisite details, flowing movements, gorgeous and rich color, enchanting characters, lovely musical songs and tunes, and stories drawn with magical or mythological plots.•The first, full-length animated film was the classic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), other classic Disney tales include the story of a wooden puppet that comes alive in Pinocchio (1940), and the storybook tales of Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland(1951), and Sleeping Beauty (1959). Another timeless fantasy enjoyed perennially is the tale of a journey to Oz in The Wizard of Oz (1939).•Disney Studios returned to the quality of its heyday of animation from the 30s and 40s with The Little Mermaid(1989), Beauty and the Beast(1991) —nominated for a well-deserved Best Picture Academy Award, Aladdin (1992),and The Lion King (1994).Another exceptional film is Who Framed Roger Rabbit(1988), a remarkable blend of animated imagery and live-action human characters.•Pixar Studios created the first completely computer-generated animated feature film with the landmark Toy Story (1995). The visuals were entirely generated from computers.• A List of Renowned Animated Cartoons:•The Lion King《狮子王》（1994）•Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs《白雪公主》（1937）•Sleeping Beauty《睡美人》（1938）•Toy Story《玩具总动员》（1995）•Beauty and the Beast《美女与野兽》（1991）•Tom and Jerry《汤姆与杰瑞》（1991）•Aladdin 《阿拉丁》（1996）•Steamboat Willie《“威利”号轮船》（1928）•The Hunchback of Notre-Dame《钟楼怪客》（1996）The Lion King 《狮子王》•The Lion King, released by Walt Disney Picture in 1994, was one of the top blockbusters in the past ten years in the US.•In 1995, The Lion King, won the Oscar for the Best Music, Original Score （最佳音乐- 最佳原创音乐）by Hans Zimmer. Elton John (music) and Tim Rice (Lyrics) won the Oscar for the Best Song （最佳歌曲）: Can You Feel the Love Tonight. Their song “Hakuna Matata” was nominated Oscar Best Music. （最佳音乐歌曲提名）•There are at least two reasons for its popularity. One is the charm of Shakespeare‟s theme: Hamlet, and the other is the attraction of African scenery. Just as some of the reviewers said, “Hamlet meets The Jungle Book —that‟s what The Lion King is.” Chapter FiveLove Films⏹Definition of Love Films:⏹Romance films, love stories, or affairs of the heart center on passion, emotion, and theromantic, affectionate involvement of the main characters (usually a leading man and lady), and the journey that their love takes through courtship or marriage.⏹Romance films make the love story or the search for love the main plot focus. Oftentimes, lovers in screen romances face obstacles and the hazards of hardship, finances, physical illness, racial or social class status, occupation, psychological restraints, or family that threaten to break their union and attainment of love.⏹Definition of Love Films:⏹Romantic films often explore the essential themes of love at first sight, young (and older)love, unrequited love, obsessive love, sentimental love, spiritual love, forbidden love, sexual and passionate love, sacrificial love, explosive and destructive love, and tragic love.⏹Romantic films serve as great escapes and fantasies for viewers, especially if the twopeople finally overcome their difficulties, declare their love, and experience life “happily ever after” implied by a reunion and final kiss.⏹ A List of Renowned Love Films:⏹Love Story 《爱情故事》（1970）⏹Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》（1939）⏹Waterloo Bridge 《魂断蓝桥》（1940）⏹Roman Holiday 《罗马假日》（1953）⏹The Red Shoes 《红铃艳》（1948）⏹Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧和朱丽叶》（1968）⏹Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》（1940）⏹The English Patient 《英国病人》（1996）⏹Shakespeare in Love 《恋爱中的莎士比亚》（1998）Sleepless in Seattle⏹US (1993) TriStar Pictures⏹Director: Nora Ephron⏹Cast: Tom Hanks Sam Baldwin⏹Meg Ryan Annie Reed⏹Awards:⏹T he film was nominated Oscars for Best Music, Original Song (“A wink and asmile”) and Best Writing, Original Screenplay.⏹⏹Choose the best answer to each of the questions that follows.⏹ 1. The elements of surprise and suspense in this movie come from _____.⏹ A. the adventures which the characters experience⏹ B. the difficulty of knowing how the story will end⏹ C. the fear we share that Jonah may be lost⏹ D. the difficulties in the way of a meeting between Annieand Sam⏹ 2. Annie, played by Meg Ryan, is employed as _____.⏹ A. a fashion model⏹ B. a journalist⏹ C. a merchant banker⏹ D. a computer programmer⏹ 3. The story is set in two places, Baltimore and Seattle. This is important because_____.⏹ A. Seattle is in the West and Baltimore in the East of North America,several hours of flying time apart⏹ B. Seattle and Baltimore are cities in the same part of North America, withinan hour of each other by car⏹ C. Baltimore and Seattle are suburbs separated by no more than half anhour‟s travelling time⏹ D. Baltimore and Seattle are connected only by radio and telephone⏹ 4. Radio talk show offers⏹ A. general advice on dilemmas that may be similar to those faced by listeners ⏹ B. interviews in which well-known people discuss problems they haveencountered in the past⏹ C. opportunity for listeners to speak to qualified advisers about their problems ⏹ D. answers by broadcasters to listeners‟ letters⏹ 5. The pseudonym “Sleepless in Seattle” is .⏹ A. a description of Sam‟s state of mind in the story⏹ B. a way of identifying Sam while concealing his identity⏹ C. the title of a movie known to the audience and knownalso to people in the story⏹ D. an easily remembered title for this movie, with no special meaning⏹Write the names of the following people in the story.⏹Sam⏹ 1. the hero: ____⏹Jonah⏹ 2. the hero‟s son: ______⏹Becky⏹ 3. the heroine‟s best (girl) friend: ________⏹⏹Walter⏹ 4. the heroine‟s intended husband: __________⏹Dennis⏹ 5. the heroine‟s brother: _______⏹Excerpt 1⏹Note: Dr. Marcia Fieldstone‟s phone -in program on National Radio —You and YourEmotions.⏹⏹Task 2.⏹Answer the questions. These can be answered by using a short phrase.⏹Keys:⏹ 1. You and Your Emotions⏹ 2. Wishes and Dreams⏹ 3. A year and a half⏹ 4. Maggie⏹ 5. Dr. Marcia⏹ 6. Magical and merry⏹Excerpt 2⏹Note: Annie confides in her brother, Dennis, her doubts about whether she should marryWalter.⏹Excerpt 3⏹Note: Annie confides her doubts to her friend Becky.⏹Task 3.⏹Answer the questions. These can be answered in a word or short phrase.⏹Keys:⏹ 1. No⏹ 2. In movies⏹ 3. Rain nine months of the year⏹ 4. Dear Sleepless and son⏹ 5. Top of the Empire State Building. St.Valentine‟s Day⏹ 6. Rick and Martin⏹Excerpt 4⏹Note: Sam talks with friends about how life imitates movies.⏹⏹Task 4.⏹Answer the questions.⏹Keys:⏹ 1. Victoria; Her laugh⏹ 2. An Affair to Remember⏹ 3. Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr⏹Excerpt 5⏹Note: Walter‟s gift of a ring on St. Valentine ‟s Day.⏹⏹Excerpt 6⏹Note: The parting with Walter.⏹⏹⏹Task 5.⏹Answer the questions.⏹⏹Keys:⏹ 1. distant, distracted⏹ 2. to his mother⏹ 3. 10⏹ 4. Dom Perignon (a kind of champagne)⏹ 5. Marry Walter⏹ 4. The Dirty Dozen⏹Task 1.⏹Choose the best answer to each of the questions that follows.⏹ 1. Peggy gives a number of reasons for liking the movie.⏹The first one she mentions is that _____.⏹ A. the music is attractive⏹ B. the principal actors give excellent performances⏹ C. the movie reflects American society⏹ D. the mood of the movie is happy and positive⏹ 2. Pro. Zhu questions Peggy about Jonah‟s call to Dr. Marcia on behalf of his father.She is surprised by this because _____.⏹ A. she would not expect a child of eight to act so independently⏹ B. Jonah‟s behavior would be unthinkable in a Chinese setting⏹ C. she would not expect that the presenter would accept a callfrom a child⏹ D. children cannot imagine how older people think and feel⏹ 3. According to Peggy, Americans typically see love and marriage as _____.⏹ A. something mysterious and magical⏹ B. a business partnership⏹ C. an undertaking requiring much hard work⏹ D. a means of preserving family inheritance⏹ 4. Peggy feels that from the start there is something wrong in the relationship betweenAnnie and Walter, on the grounds that _____.⏹ A. Walter seems unlikely to be a good steady provider⏹ B. the two families seem not to get on well⏹ C. Walter is not a generous person⏹ D. there is no sign of passion in the relationship⏹ 5. Peggy believes the most important thing that the movie offers the viewer is ____.⏹ A. a significant message⏹ B. comic dialogue⏹ C. a range of attractive traditional music⏹ D. an escape from everyday life⏹Task 2.⏹Choose the best answer to each of the questions that follows.⏹⏹ 1. When the reviewer first heard about this movie, she expected that she would dislikeit because it sounded _____.⏹ A. violent and vicious⏹ B. sentimental and romantic⏹ C. absurd and ridiculous⏹ D. full of unlikely coincidences⏹ 2. The director of the movie is ____.⏹ A. Meg Ryan⏹ B. Tom Hanks⏹ C. Nora Ephron⏹ D. Stanley Kubrick⏹ 3. The movie intends to remind audiences of _____.⏹ A. the movie rom ances of the ‟40s and ‟50s⏹ B. the movies made of the Second World War⏹ C. the movies of the old silent cinema⏹ D. the famous Ealing Comedies⏹ 4. The Baltimore Sun is _____.⏹ A. a TV program⏹ B. a newspaper⏹ C. an advertising agency⏹ D. a radio program⏹ 5. Someone suffering from insomnia cannot _____.⏹ A. forget the past⏹ B. eat⏹ C. sleep⏹ D. be happy⏹ 6. The time and place of the meeting that Annie suggests⏹is straight out of _____.⏹ A. a novel⏹ B. a poem⏹ C. a radio program⏹ D. a movie⏹7. Movies designed in the main for a female audience are sometimes called “weepies”because _____.⏹ A. they are about dreadful events⏹ B. the audiences are touched by sympathy with the characters⏹ C. the audiences admire the courage of the characters⏹ D. they are about events that occur in everyday life⏹8. Sleepless in Seattle is enjoyed _____.⏹ A. mostly by women⏹ B. mainly by men⏹ C. equally by women and men⏹ D. by younger audiences⏹9. This reviewer enjoys the movie Sleepless in Seattle because _____.⏹ A. it is a comedy and has a happy ending⏹ B. it is free of sex and violence⏹ C. it includes no violent language⏹ D. for all the above reasons⏹ 1. Compose the plot summary of the movie Sleepless in Seattle.⏹ 2. Write an essay on your reflection of the movie Sleepless in Seattle.Family / Comedy Films⏹Family Films: A family film is a film that has been carefully written, directed, cast andacted so that it will appeal to the all members of a typical family (or if not typical, at least representing the cultural ideal): Father / Mother / Teens / Small children.⏹ A comedy film is a film laced with humor or that may seek to provoke laughter from theaudience. Along with drama, horror and science fiction, comedy is one of the largest genres of the medium.。

影视欣赏复习材料一．电影流派：德国表现主义Expressionism形式主义 formalism印象主义 impressionism超现实主义surrealist film新写实主义，意大利新写实主义new realism 法国新浪潮 new wave真实电影Cinéma vérité第三电影third cinema巴西新电影cinema novo （从头(再,重新)）德国新电影 new German cinema直接电影 direct cinema二．电影分类(films types)Action：动作片Animation：动画片(cartoon film) Comedy：喜剧片tragedy 悲剧片Crime：黑帮片Documentary：纪录片Drama：文艺片（literary film）Fantasy：神话剧（幻想片）Film-Noir：(Noir: [ nwɑ:(r) ] a. 轮盘戏中黑色数字的) 黑色电影Horror：恐怖片Musical：音乐剧Sci-Fi：（science fiction）科幻电影Romance：爱情片（affection film ）Thriller：惊栗（li）片/（惊悚片）War：战争片Western：西部片Adult: 成人电影Short: 电影短片detective film 侦探片ethical film 伦理片serial 系列片trailer 预告片disaster film 灾难片epic 史诗片feature film 剧情片gangster film 盗匪片三．看过的影片1.甜心先生（Jerry Maguire）导演 Director：卡梅伦〃克罗Cameron Crowe编剧 Writer：卡梅伦〃克罗Cameron Crowe主要演员Actor：汤姆〃克鲁斯Tom Cruise.....Jerry Maguire小库珀〃古丁Cuba Gooding Jr......Rod Tidwell芮妮〃齐薇格René e Zellweger.....Dorothy Boyd类型：爱情/剧情/喜剧/运动本片最风光的奖项应当属1997年的奥斯卡奖，共获得了五个奖项，其中一项大奖，四项提名：小古巴〃古丁获最佳男配角奖；获得4项提名的分别是：汤姆〃克鲁斯的最佳男主角提名、最佳电影剪辑、最佳摄影、卡梅伦〃克罗获得的最佳原创剧本奖。

影视欣赏考试资料————包括《小鞋子》《天生杀人狂》《罗拉快跑》《阳光灿烂的日子》《飞跃疯人院》《春夏秋冬又一春》等1、电影用光按方向划分有哪几种？正光、逆光、侧光、顶光、底光2、电影音乐主要有哪几种作用？抒发感情、渲染气氛、揭示心理、主观评价。

3、电影音效主要有哪些功用？音效还原逼真感音效刻画人物音效表达情思音效创造空间。

4、电影运镜方式主要有哪几种？推镜头、拉镜头、移镜头、摇镜头、跟镜头5、在电影作品中主要有哪几种景别？远景、全景、中景、近景、特写6、什么是镜头？镜头（the shot：影视画面表达意念的最基本单位，指一段影片或录相带，其上所摄录的景物在空间或时间上没有切断的痕迹。

在前期拍摄工作中，往往指按动快门到放开快门之间所摄录的那段连续不断的画面；在后期剪接中，是指两次镜头转换之间的那段连续不断的画面）7、什么是景别？电影画面中的主体形象，如人物、景物等等一般被称之为“景”，在镜头景框和焦距固定的前提下，取景距离的变化会形成远近大小不同的各种画面，这些不同的画面就叫景别。

8、什么是长焦距镜头？长焦距镜头：指焦距大于50毫米的镜头，又称为望远镜头，可以将远距离物像拉到近处，纵深被压缩，使深度空间被压缩为平面空间。

镜头的视野小、景深感也小。

9、什么是短焦距镜头？指焦距小于40毫米的镜头，又称广角镜头。

该镜头被拍摄对象被横向扩张，近景有明显的变形感。

同时画面景深也加大，前景和后景体积对比鲜明，造成深远的纵深感。

10、景别电影功能是什么？规定视野，确定观众与影像的空间欣赏距离与心理感受关系。

11、什么是标准镜头？标准镜头：指焦距为40—50毫米的镜头。

以此焦距拍摄的画面，接近于人的肉眼感觉和视野，其影像效果侧重对现实物像的还原。

这是常规影片通常采用的镜头，也是现实主义风格的常用镜头。

12、蒙太奇：即对列构成，其原意为构成，是法国建筑学上的术语，现在借用到影视制作中来作为构成方法的专门词语。

意思是：按照一定的构思，把原来分散存在的画面、声音素材结构成整体。

16.蒙太奇:前苏联蒙太奇电影学派.蒙太奇作为电影代名词,即为”剪辑”.原为建筑学术语,构造,装配.后来被早期电影创作家和电影理论家借用,特制件一系列在不同地点,不同距离的角度,以不同的方法,拍摄的镜头组合起来,得以产生各个镜头单独存在时所不具有的含义效果的叙事方法. 蒙太奇有三层面的意思:叙事蒙太奇,艺术蒙太奇,思维蒙太奇.17.蒙太奇效应;库里肖夫效应。

为了弄清楚蒙太奇的并列作用，给俄国著名演员莫兹尤辛拍了一个无表情的特写镜头，并见这个镜头分别和一碗汤，游戏的孩子和老妇的尸体接在一起，观众在观看过程中认为莫兹尤辛的演技非常好，分别表现出了饥饿、愉悦及悲伤的感情，因此库里肖夫认识到造成观众情绪反应的并不是单个镜头的内容，而是几个画面的并列：单个镜头只是电影的素材，蒙太奇的创作才是电影的艺术。

库里肖夫借此实验证明：有目的的将不同镜头加以并列，便可获得一种新的涵义，一种新的艺术的质。

18.纪实电影的特点：纪实电影就是真实的、客观的记录生活，保持客观生活的完整性，再现生活的本来面貌。

由于导演要有发现问题、反映问题、分析问题的能力和魄力，并赋予现实故事以哲理性。

所以，纪实电影更像生活的“苦咖啡’:一提起纪实风格的电影，人们首先想到的就是新闻纪实。

纪实是”按照生活本来的样子“讲故事。

长镜头就是纪实风格电影的基本特征之一，也是纪实风格电影的主要手法之一。

长镜头,是指电影在’不间断地表现一件事情或者一个人物的行动时’时，其长度在30秒以上，甚至可以达到10分钟左右的镜头。

19.对中国特色电影的理解;从美学观念上来看，中国传统美学的儒家、道家和禅学，但在封建社会结构中，以儒家为主导，建立在理性基础上，重视伦理教化，近代美学倡导美和艺术的创造，同社会改革、国民性改造密切相连。

这是中国影视（尤其电影）美学的渊源。

第一部故事片《难夫难妻》就具有强烈的封建礼教的社会性主题。

30年代，注重民族精神和抗日爱国，《松花江上》、《一江春水向东流》、《乌鸦与麻雀..80年代《青春之歌.》、《董存瑞》、《白求恩大夫》。

考试题型：1. 多项选择（10题共20分）2. 导演或演员与电影匹配（10分）3. 经典台词翻译与赏析（20分）4. 简答题（4题20分）5. 影评（30分，任选一）考试范围：四部电影，结合书和课堂讲授及讨论内容。

1.重点复习导演和演员：Will Smith, Roland Emmerich, MorganFreeman, Tom Hanks2.影评（见书或上网）3.书p28, p31, p33, p71, p74-75, 76, p113, p115, p124(翻译)，p127,p138Will.smith代表作：indepandence day(独立日) 合作导演：罗兰德•艾默里克Roland EmmerichThe Pursuit of Happiness（当幸福来敲门）合作导演：加布里尔·谬奇诺Gabriele Muccino Enemy of the State （国家公敌）…合作导演：托尼·斯科特Tony ScottMuhammad Ali （拳王阿里）合作导演：迈克尔·曼MichaelRoland Emmerich（导演）作品：indepandence day The Day after Tomorrow Morgan Freeman：代表作：The Shawshank Redemption（肖申克的救赎）合作导演：Frank Darabont弗兰克·达拉邦特七宗罪(Seven deadly sins)：合作导演：大卫·芬奇David FincherBruce Almighty（冒牌天神）合作导演：汤姆·沙迪亚克Tom Shadyac汤姆·汉克斯：作品：Forrest Gump(阿甘正传) 导演：罗伯特·泽米吉斯Robert Zemeckis二：电影剧情介绍Forrest Gump(阿甘正传)：（comedy）天空中，一根羽毛随风飘舞，飘过树梢，飞向青天……最后，它落在福尔斯特·甘的脚下，阿甘把他夹进自己最喜欢的书中，他正坐在萨凡纳Savannah州的一个长椅上，向同坐等公车的路人滔滔不绝地诉说着自己一生的故事——阿甘于二战结束后不久出生在美国南方亚拉巴马州一个闭塞的小镇，他先天弱智，智商只有75，然而他的妈妈是一个性格坚强的女性，她要让儿子和其他正常人一样生活，她常常鼓励阿甘“傻人有傻福”，要他自强不息。

英文影视赏析复习提纲基本知识电影史（History）电影的历史并不漫长。

以好莱坞电影来说，主要分三个历史时期—早期电影(early cinema)、经典好莱坞电影(classic Hollywood cinema)、和后经典好莱坞电影(post-classic Hollywood cinema)。

每个时期的电影在艺术风格上都有各自的特点。

（1）早期电影（19世纪末20世纪初）1826年摄影技术的发明给电影的出现打下了基础。

1889年柯达（Kodak）公司研制出一种又薄又软的底片即赛璐珞（celluloid），这种底片可以高速穿过镜头，拍摄影像，并且可以高速连续地在投影仪上放映。

另外一个突破性发明是美国的爱迪生(Edison)和法国的吕米埃克兄弟(Lumiere brothers 法国人)分别发明的可以拍摄连续活动的摄像机，于1895年拍摄了世界上第一部电影（《火车进站》)，这标志着美国电影史的开端。

这个时期的电影主要通过镍币影院（nickelodeons一种门票一律五分镍币即五美分的小型电影院）放映。

早期电影的制作基本是依靠“摄影师制度”(cameraman system)，即每部电影都是由个人（摄影师）制作，这个人负责策划、编剧、摄影和剪辑。

这时的电影业被两个公司垄断：爱迪生和贝尔格拉夫(Edison and Biograph)公司，两家公司合办了电影专利公司MPPC(Motion Pictures Patents Company)。

从美学角度看，早期电影最显著的特点是倾向于记录和重视现实生活的某些方面，这种“真实摄影”（actually filming）是对单个人，名人或运动员，地点（风景区）或者行动（日常生活或新闻事件）进行长距离的连续拍摄。

虚构的场景也不过是小品、歌舞杂耍或对真实事件的重现。

这一时期的电影主要依赖于景象，而不是叙事。

喜剧小品、魔术表演是其核心内容,我们最熟悉的是卓别林（著名的英国喜剧演员，编剧，导演，喜剧电影的奠基人）的电影。

《勇敢的心》梅尔·吉卜森的一部自编自导自演的《勇敢的心》在奥斯卡典礼上再次向人们展示了一个好莱坞才子梦想成真的故事。

这部影片的背景是真实的历史，里面的人物也是一个十分典型的英雄，应该说这是一部不容易表现好的影片，可梅尔·吉卜森从整体故事、情节的构思到人物形象的塑造都煞费苦心，以情动人，使得这一部可能拍成历史教科书式的影片感人至深，颇有可圈可点之处。

首先是整体故事结构的形成，既不离苏格兰反抗英格兰压迫的大背景，也不刻意去正面表现这些矛盾，影片的开始，华莱士的父亲及亲人牺牲一段完全从侧面切入，以少年华莱士的视角去体会那段痛苦，而后华莱士回到故乡，也将他和梅伦的爱情故事作为前台，英格兰对苏格兰人的欺侮作为背景，就在华莱士和梅伦似乎就要那样恬然而又麻木的度过他们的一生的时候，矛盾激化了，一个英雄诞生了。

记得初次看过这部影片的时候，我的思绪着实混乱了一段时间，英雄的作为是否真是这样而起的，让人感到迷惑，我试图在历史书籍中找寻答案，但后来我知道那是徒劳的，正如影片后来所表现的，华莱士已经成为了一个神话，不管符不符合历史真实，老百姓都会乐于告诉你，那是真的。

我们象在听老人们讲述一个很久很久以前的故事，重要的是，这个故事会感动我们。

在华莱士成为苏格兰民间抗英领袖之后，故事也没有变得单调乏味，影片的战争场面拍的紧张刺激，气势不凡，带有明显好莱坞当代电影特色，既有斗智，又有斗勇，华莱士的英雄形象曰益丰满。

就在此时，另一个女人出现了，看够了港台莫名其妙的历史爱情片之后，这样的故事却没有使我们感到别扭，既然有英雄当然要有美人，当我们觉得她该出现的时候，她就出现了。

影片的故事情节以两条爱情线路架构前后，中间的琐碎的战事与传奇似乎也就成为观众心中牵肠挂肚的历险，爱情赋予了华莱士丰富的感情色彩，以至于在这个600年前的英雄就义之时，今天的电影院里再次响起了唏嘘之声。

说到华莱士服刑一场戏，真是妙不可言，首先音乐的烘托十分到位，人们的情绪被充分调动，其次几个画面的切换也起到了很好的作用，气氛显得十分紧张。