Interview Prep for Junior Structurers
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面试的准备英文作文英文:Preparing for an interview can be a nerve-wracking experience, but with the right preparation, you can ace it. Here are some tips to help you get ready for your interview.Firstly, research the company and the role you are interviewing for. This will help you understand the company culture and the expectations of the role. You can alsotailor your answers to the specific needs of the company.Secondly, practice your answers to common interview questions. This will help you feel more confident and prepared during the interview. You can also practice with a friend or family member to get feedback on your answers.Thirdly, dress appropriately for the interview.Dressing professionally shows that you take the interview seriously and respect the company. It also helps you feelmore confident and comfortable.Lastly, be yourself during the interview. Don't try to be someone you're not. Be honest and authentic in your answers. This will help the interviewer get a better sense of who you are and whether you would be a good fit for the company.中文:准备面试可能会让人感到紧张,但是只要做好充分的准备,你就可以轻松应对。
小升初面试技巧英文作文英文:Interviews can be nerve-wracking, especially for young children who are preparing for the transition to a new school. However, with the right preparation and mindset, anyone can excel in an interview. Here are some tips that have helped me in my own experience:1. Research the school: Before the interview, take some time to learn about the school you are applying to. Look at their website, read their mission statement, and ask current students or parents about their experiences. This will help you understand what the school values and what they are looking for in a student.2. Practice with a friend or family member: It can be helpful to practice answering common interview questions with someone you trust. This will help you feel more confident and comfortable during the actual interview.3. Be yourself: It's important to be honest andauthentic during the interview. Don't try to pretend to be someone you're not, as this will come across as insincere. Instead, focus on highlighting your strengths and interests.4. Use examples: When answering questions, try to provide specific examples to illustrate your points. Thiswill help the interviewer get a better sense of who you are and what you can bring to the school.中文:面试可能会让人感到紧张,特别是对于正在准备转学的年轻孩子来说。
Dear Hiring Manager,I am writing to express my interest in the middle school teacherposition at your esteemed institution. As a dedicated and passionate educator with several years of experience in teaching middle school students, I believe that I possess the skills and qualifications required to make a positive impact on your students' academic and personal growth.I have a Bachelor's degree in Education and a Master's degree in English Language and Literature, which have provided me with a strong foundation in the subject matter and pedagogical techniques necessary toeffectively teach middle school students. During my teaching career, I have had the opportunity to work with students of diverse backgrounds and abilities, and I have successfully adapted my teaching methods to meet their individual needs.In addition to my formal education, I have also participated in numerous professional development opportunities, including workshops on instructional technology, classroom management, and differentiated instruction. I am confident in my ability to incorporate thesestrategies into my teaching practice to create an engaging and inclusive learning environment for all students.One of the key reasons why I am particularly interested in teaching at your school is because of its commitment to providing a well-rounded education that not only focuses on academic achievement but also on the development of character and social skills. I strongly believe in the importance of fostering a positive and supportive classroom atmosphere where students feel valued and encouraged to explore their interests and talents beyond the traditional curriculum.As a teacher, I am dedicated to creating lesson plans that are both challenging and fun for my students, and I am always looking for ways to make learning more interactive and hands-on. I am also committed to regularly assessing my students' progress and providing them with constructive feedback to help them improve their skills and achievetheir goals.Furthermore, I am an active member of the school community and believein the importance of collaboration with parents, colleagues, and administrators to ensure the success of our students. I have experiencein organizing parent-teacher conferences, participating in school events, and serving on various committees to improve the overall quality of education at my previous schools.I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences align with the needs of your middle school program. Thank you for considering my application. I have attached my resume for your review, and I look forward to the possibility of meeting with you to further discuss my qualifications.Sincerely,[Your Name]。
如何准备一场面试初中英语作文Title:PreparingforaJuniorHighSchoolEnglishInterview PreparingforajuniorhighschoolEnglishinterviewcanbeadauntingtask,butwiththeright approachandadequatepreparation,itcanbeanexcitingandrewardingexperience.Thisessa yaimstoguideyouthroughtheprocessofpreparingforsuchaninterview,drawingfromthebes tpracticesandexamplesfoundonline.Firstly,itiscrucialtounderstandthepurposeandformatoftheinterview.Juniorhighscho olEnglishinterviewsoftenfocusonassessingyourlanguageproficiency,communicationsk ills,andabilitytothinkcritically.Theymayincludeavarietyoftaskssuchasspeaking,li stening,reading,andwriting.Therefore,itisessentialtofamiliarizeyourselfwiththep otentialformatsandquestionsthatmaybeasked. Oneeffectivewaytoprepareistoconductmockinterviewswithfamilymembersorfriends.Thi swillhelpyougetcomfortablewiththeinterviewprocessandimproveyourconfidence.Durin gthesemockinterviews,trytosimulatereal-lifescenariosandaskquestionsthatcoverdif ferentareasofEnglishlanguageproficiency.Forexample,youcouldbeaskedtodescribeapi cture,discussatopic,orgiveyouropiniononacurrentevent. AnotherkeyaspectofpreparationistobrushuponyourEnglishlanguageskills.Thisinclude svocabulary,grammar,andpronunciation.Reviewcommoninterviewvocabularyandpractice usingitinsentences.Payattentiontoyourgrammarandmakesureyoursentencesarestructur edcorrectly.Also,workonyourpronunciationbylisteningtonativeEnglishspeakersandim itatingtheirsoundsandtones. ListeningskillsareequallyimportantinanEnglishinterview.Youshouldbeabletounderst andthequestionsclearlyandrespondappropriately.Toimproveyourlisteningskills,prac ticelisteningtoEnglishconversations,podcasts,ornewsbroadcasts.Trytofocusonunder standingthemainpointsandkeyinformationbeingdiscussed. Readingcomprehensionisanothercrucialareatofocuson.Youmaybeaskedtoreadapassagean dthenanswerquestionsorgiveasummary.Toprepareforthis,readavarietyoftextssuchasne wspapers,books,andonlinearticles.Workonyourspeedandaccuracybytimingyourreadinga ndcheckingyourcomprehensionwithcomprehensionquestions. WritingskillsarealsooftentestedinEnglishinterviews.Youmayberequiredtowriteaness ayorcompleteawritingtask.Toprepare,practicewritingdifferenttypesoftextssuchases says,stories,andemails.Focusonyourwritingstyle,grammar,andspelling.Itisalsoimpo rtanttoplanyourwritingandorganizeyourideasclearly.Inadditiontolanguageskills,itisessentialtoprepareforbehavioralandsituationalque stions.Thesequestionsassessyourpersonality,attitude,andabilitytohandledifferent situations.Thinkaboutpossiblescenariosyoumightencounterinschoolorinajobandprepa reresponsesthatshowcaseyourpositivequalitiesandabilitytohandlechallenges. Moreover,researchtheschoolyouareinterviewingfor.Knowingabouttheschool'scurricul um,extracurricularactivities,andculturewillhelpyouconnectwiththeinterviewerandd emonstrateyourinterestintheinstitution.Youcanalsousethisinformationtotailoryourresponsestoquestionsandshowhowyoufitintotheschool'senvironment.Lastly,remembertodressappropriatelyfortheinterview.Firstimpressionsarecrucial,a ndyourappearancecanreflectyourattitudeandprofessionalism.Chooseaclean,tidy,anda ppropriateoutfitthatmakesyoufeelconfidentandcomfortable.Inconclusion,preparingforajuniorhighschoolEnglishinterviewrequiresacomprehensiv eapproachthatcoverslanguageskills,behavioralquestions,andknowledgeoftheschool.B yconductingmockinterviews,brushinguponyourEnglishskills,practicinglisteningandr eadingcomprehension,preparingforwritingtasks,researchingtheschool,anddressingap propriately,youcanincreaseyourconfidenceandchancesofsuccessintheinterview.Remem bertostaycalm,confident,andpositivethroughouttheprocess,andyouwillbewellonyourw aytoasuccessfulinterview.以下是一个具体的例子来说明如何准备面试:假设你被邀请参加一个初中英语面试,其中一个可能的环节是要求你描述一幅图片。
面试准备英语作文Title: Preparing for an Interview: Strategies and Tips。
In today's competitive job market, preparing for an interview is essential to stand out and secure the desired position. Whether you are a seasoned professional or afresh graduate, mastering the art of interview preparation can significantly increase your chances of success. In this essay, I will explore various strategies and tips to effectively prepare for an interview.First and foremost, thorough research about the company and the position you are applying for is crucial.Familiarize yourself with the company's history, mission, values, products/services, and recent developments. Additionally, understand the job description thoroughly, including the required skills, qualifications, and responsibilities. This knowledge will not only demonstrate your genuine interest in the company but also enable you to tailor your responses to align with the organization'sgoals and requirements.Furthermore, practicing common interview questions and preparing concise yet impactful responses is essential. Anticipate questions related to your qualifications, strengths, weaknesses, past experiences, and situational scenarios. Reflect on your achievements, challenges overcome, and lessons learned from previous roles toprovide compelling examples during the interview. Additionally, practice articulating your responses confidently and concisely, emphasizing relevant skills and experiences that showcase your suitability for the position.Moreover, conducting mock interviews with a friend, family member, or mentor can provide valuable feedback and help you refine your interview skills. Practice answering questions in a simulated interview environment, focusing on maintaining eye contact, body language, and overall professionalism. Solicit constructive criticism regarding your communication style, clarity of responses, and areasfor improvement. Incorporate this feedback into your preparation process to enhance your performance during theactual interview.In addition to verbal communication, paying attentionto non-verbal cues is equally important during an interview. Practice positive body language, such as maintaining good posture, offering a firm handshake, and smiling appropriately. Dress professionally in attire that aligns with the company culture and industry standards. Remember that your demeanor and appearance contribute to the overall impression you make on the interviewer.Furthermore, researching common interview formats, such as behavioral or situational interviews, can help you anticipate the structure and expectations of the interview process. Familiarize yourself with different interview techniques and strategies for effectively addressingvarious types of questions. Additionally, prepareinsightful questions to ask the interviewer about the company culture, team dynamics, growth opportunities, and expectations for the role. Engaging in meaningful dialogue demonstrates your genuine interest in the position and your proactive approach to learning more about the organization.Lastly, remember to exude confidence, positivity, and enthusiasm throughout the interview process. Believe inyour abilities and qualifications, and convey your passion for the role and the company. Maintain a positive attitude, even in challenging or unexpected situations, and approach each question or interaction with poise and professionalism.In conclusion, preparing for an interview requires comprehensive research, strategic planning, and effective communication skills. By investing time and effort into preparation, practicing interview techniques, and showcasing your qualifications confidently, you can maximize your chances of success and secure the desired position. Approach the interview process with diligence, enthusiasm, and a commitment to presenting your best self, and you will undoubtedly leave a lasting impression on the interviewer.。
初中招聘广告英语作文Recruitment Advertisement for Junior High SchoolAre you passionate about education and making a positive impact on young minds? We are currently seeking dedicated and enthusiastic individuals to join our team at our junior high school. If you are a qualified and experienced educator who is committed to fostering a supportive and challenging learning environment, we want to hear from you!Position: Junior High School TeacherResponsibilities:1. Plan and deliver engaging and interactive lessons in accordance with the school curriculum.2. Create a positive and inclusive classroom environment that encourages student participation and collaboration.3. Assess and evaluate student progress through avariety of methods, including tests, projects, and presentations.4. Communicate effectively with students, parents, and colleagues to provide feedback on student performance and address any concerns.Requirements:1. Bachelor's degree in Education or related field.2. Teaching certification or license.3. Proven experience in teaching at the junior high school level.4. Strong communication and interpersonal skills.5. Ability to adapt teaching methods to meet the diverse needs of students.Benefits:1. Competitive salary and benefits package.2. Professional development opportunities.3. Supportive and collaborative work environment.If you are passionate about education and dedicated to helping students reach their full potential, we invite you to apply for this exciting opportunity. To apply, pleasesubmit your resume and cover letter to [contact information].初中招聘广告你是否热爱教育,想要在年轻的心灵上产生积极的影响?我们目前正在寻求敬业和热情的个人加入我们初中学校的团队。
面试前期准备英语作文范文Title: Preparing for an Interview: A Comprehensive ApproachChapter 1: Understanding Yourself and the Company (250 words)Before heading into an interview, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of both yourself and the company you are applying to. Begin by introspecting and identifying your strengths, weaknesses, experiences, and achievements relevant to the job position. Reflecting on one's skills and accomplishments helps in crafting convincing responses during the interview.Next, conduct thorough research on the company. Gain insights into its history, mission, values, products/services, and recent achievements. Familiarize yourself with the company's culture, work environment, and expectations from potential employees. By understanding the company's goals and values, you can align your answers to demonstrate your compatibility.Chapter 2: Preparing Responses to Common Questions (250 words)Interviewers often ask certain common questions that assess the candidate's suitability for the job. Anticipating and preparing for these questions can greatly enhance one's chances of success. Some typical questions include "Tell me about yourself," "Why do you want to work for this company," "What are your strengths and weaknesses," and "Describe a challenging situation you faced and how you resolved it."To tackle such questions effectively, create a list of potentialquestions and practice answering them. Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure your responses. Ensure your answers are concise, relevant, and focus on showcasing your skills and experiences. Additionally, consider preparing a few questions to ask the interviewer, displaying your interest and enthusiasm for the role.Chapter 3: Professional Appearance and Body Language (250 words)The importance of a professional appearance and body language during an interview should not be underestimated. Dress appropriately for the job, aiming to present a polished and well-groomed appearance. This shows respect and seriousness towards the opportunity.Equally important is demonstrating positive body language. Maintain eye contact, sit up straight, and offer a firm handshake when greeting the interviewer. During the interview, avoid fidgeting or excessive hand movements. Gestures that convey attentiveness and confidence, such as nodding and smiling, can make a favorable impression.Chapter 4: Mock Interviews and Confidence Building (250 words) Conducting mock interviews is an effective way to build confidence and prepare oneself for the actual interview. Enlist the help of a friend or mentor to play the role of the interviewer and simulate an interview environment. This exercise allows for practicing responses, refining delivery, and identifying areas ofimprovement.To boost confidence, review your accomplishments and remind yourself of your strengths. Eliminate self-doubt by emphasizing your relevant skills and experiences. Visualize a successful interview scenario, envisioning yourself confidently answering questions and impressing the interviewer.In conclusion, preparing for an interview involves a comprehensive approach that encompasses understanding oneself and the company, preparing responses to common questions, maintaining a professional appearance and body language, and engaging in mock interviews to build confidence. By investing time and effort into these areas, applicants can increase their chances of impressing the interviewer and securing their desired job position.Chapter 5: Researching the Interviewer (250 words)In addition to researching the company, it can be beneficial to research the interviewer or interview panel members. This extra effort demonstrates your interest and preparedness. Look for information such as their professional background, areas of expertise, and any recent publications or projects they have been involved in. This knowledge can help you establish a connection during the interview and tailor your responses accordingly.It is also important to familiarize yourself with the interviewer's role in the company and their potential influence on the hiring decision. This understanding can help you anticipate their priorities and expectations, allowing you to emphasize relevant skills and experiences.Chapter 6: Practicing for Different Interview Formats (250 words)Interviews come in various formats, such as one-on-one, group, panel, or behavioral interviews. Each format requires different approaches and strategies. Take some time to understand the format of the upcoming interview and practice accordingly.For one-on-one interviews, focus on building rapport with the interviewer and showcasing your individual strengths. In group interviews, display your ability to work collaboratively, listen actively, and contribute meaningfully to the discussion. In panel interviews, be prepared to address questions from multiple interviewers and adapt to different communication styles. Behavioral interviews typically assess how candidates have handled past situations. Prepare specific examples of challenging situations you have faced in the past and how you successfully resolved them. Use the STAR method to structure your responses and highlight your problem-solving abilities and adaptability.Chapter 7: Researching Industry Trends (250 words)To stand out in an interview, show that you are knowledgeable about the industry as a whole. Research the latest trends, technologies, and innovations in your field. Stay updated on any recent industry news, challenges, or advancements. By demonstrating your awareness of industry trends, you showcase your passion and dedication to staying informed and continuously improving your skills.Additionally, researching industry trends allows you to tailor your responses to address potential challenges or opportunities the company may be facing. This demonstrates your ability to think strategically and provides insight into how you can contribute to the company's growth and success.Chapter 8: Managing Pre-Interview Anxiety (250 words)It is natural to feel nervous before an interview, but excessive anxiety can hinder your performance. To manage pre-interview anxiety, practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, visualization, or meditation. Engage in activities that help you feel calm and confident, such as exercise or listening to uplifting music.Consider conducting mock interviews with different people to simulate the interview environment and help alleviate anxiety. The more you practice, the more comfortable and prepared you will feel on the actual day.Finally, remind yourself that an interview is a two-way conversation. It is an opportunity for you to evaluate if the company aligns with your values and career goals. Shift your mindset from focusing solely on impressing the interviewer to also assessing if the company is a good fit for you.In conclusion, preparing for an interview requires a comprehensive approach that includes understanding yourself and the company, preparing responses to common questions, maintaining a professional appearance and body language, engaging in mockinterviews, researching the interviewer and industry trends, and managing pre-interview anxiety. By dedicating time and effort to these aspects, you can enhance your chances of success and leave a positive and lasting impression on the interviewer.。
为参加上纽、昆杜准备的英文面试问题及回答老师们下午好!我是在寄宿制高中学习,众所周知寄宿制高中的学生一天24小时没有属于自己的时间,在我的知识体系中最大的弱项是英语口语,我对未来的第一个规划就是利用高考结束后的这个假期加强英语学习。
Good afternoon, sir/ miss! I studied in boarding high school,as weall know, students in boarding high schools do not have time of theirown 24 hours a day. The biggest weakness of me is spoken English. My firstplan for the future is strengthen my English study in this vacation afterthe college entrance examination.1.自我介绍Self-introduction中国有句古老的谚语:“三岁看大,七岁看老”,它是说“从7岁的孩子身上,就能看到他中年以后的成就。
”,这虽然有一定的概率,但已被现代科技证明是非常有道理的。
There's an old Chinese saying,Three years old to see the big, sevenyears old to see the old, It means you can see what one's accomplishedin middle age from its childhood.我出身于教师世家,自小便沉溺书香,小学阶段便有11篇作文习作在全国公开发行的报刊、杂志发表。
I come from a teacher's family, be fond of reading since childhood.there was 11 compositions published in the national public publicationof newspapers and magazines when I was a pupil.我学习刻苦努力,5年高难度奥数的学习经历使我拥有了扎实的数学基础和较强的逻辑性思维能力,高三学习成绩稳步提高。
面试前准备英文作文Preparing for an Interview。
英文,When it comes to preparing for an interview, there are a few things that I always make sure to do beforehand. Firstly, I research the company and the position that I am applying for. This helps me to understand the company culture, values, and what they are looking for in a candidate. It also allows me to tailor my answers to their specific needs and requirements.中文,准备面试时,我会先进行一些研究。
首先,我会了解公司和我申请的职位。
这有助于我了解公司文化、价值观以及他们在寻找什么样的候选人。
这也让我能够根据他们的特定需求和要求定制我的回答。
英文,Secondly, I prepare my answers to common interview questions. This includes questions about my strengths, weaknesses, experience, and why I am interested in the position. I try to come up with specific examplesthat demonstrate my skills and abilities, and how they relate to the job.中文,其次,我会准备常见的面试问题的答案。
这包括关于我的优点、缺点、经验以及我为什么对这个职位感兴趣的问题。
)(..)(.21d N e K d N S C rtDoug Ward, Tony Ofori, PhD ,Gianna TongMichael Page City – 2004 (London) ©I n t e r v i e w P r e p a r a t i o n : Q u a n t i t a t i v e S t r u c t u r i n gI N T E R V I E W P R E P A R A T I O N F O R J U N I O R Q U A N T I T A T I V E S T R U C T U R E R SThis document is intended to provide a preparation framework ahead of interviews for junior structuring interviews. It is not meant to be exhaustive and more in-depth reading should be undertaken as part of the preparation process.1) IntroductionThe primary role of a Quant structurer is to act as a solutions provider in the preparation of transactions involving derivative financial products. This can be done through the creation of new products or the application of existing ones.The responsibilities of a structurer can be summarised as follows:x Create new products – primarily based on derivativesx Enhance existing productsx Reverse-engineer product ideas seen in the marketx Create ideas for the Sales teams to engage the interest of customersx Listen to customers’ issues, and create a product or solution tailored to that customerx Provide term sheets and materials to support the sales effort.x Assist the front office Quants/Traders with modeling/execution of ideasTypically structurers act as the interfacial connection between Financial Engineering (Quant Analytics), Traders and external customers. This fundamentally establishes the requirement of a structurer to be a strong mathematician. However to be better equipped to deal with the different responsibilities he may face, a structurer must have a strong personality and excellent communication skills. In addition to this, he must be business-focused with an appreciation of how derivatives can be used to enhance speculative trading strategies, arbitrage strategies and hedging strategies. Furthermore, there should be some level of comprehension of programming languages (namely C++ and VB) since the limitations of model implementation will be a dominant factor in evaluating product feasibility – there may also be a requirement for the structurer to get involved in actually programming some of the models that are developed. Another key point to understand is that given the skill set of a structurer he may also act as a trader, because, in essence, a trader’s responsibility will only differ in that he will actually get involved with execution of the trades.A popular concept is that structurers should aim for a multi-asset philosophy, i.e. a single team covering all asset classes, split into smaller teams dedicated to each asset class, with the intention to create a cross-asset environment for cross fertilisation of ideas. Additionally this allows for comprehensive coverage of clients’ needsA multi-disciplinary team can provide better cross-asset tailored products more easily. Central to this is the aim of providing flexibility and efficient service. Hybrids increasingly appear to be the future of derivatives and such teams tend to be equipped to push development in that area.2) Product knowledgeDerivatives fall into three main classesx Optionsx Swapsx Futures/FRAsThere is a lot of jargon associated with the products that fall under these classifications, and it is important to be aware of this. During the interview you will be expected to demonstrate: some level of interest in different types of derivative products; and the capability to analyse them from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. There are literally hundreds (perhaps thousands - depending on how they are categorised) of different derivative products, and it would be aninefficient use of one’s time to attempt to learn the structure and nuances of each ahead of an interview, with the view of regurgitating this should the relevant questions come up. However, it is vital that you have an appreciation of the more important types of derivatives and how/why they are useful. An excellent introduction to the basics of derivatives is given by Stefan Bernstein in his book Understand Derivatives in a Day.Also an understanding of the general derivatives markets (for example, the fact that swaps are by far the most popular type of derivative, in terms of quantity), and the ability to speak in-depth about a few key products that you yourself find genuinely interesting, would be advisable. The spectacular collapse of Bearings Bank in the 1990s which was triggered by a trader (Nick Leeson) writing uncovered put options on the Japanese Stock Index is an example of a case study that would be easy to find information on.Typical product-related questions that have been asked at a junior structurer interview include:x What is the price of a Forward?x How do you hedge it?x What is its delta?For a European call:x When is gamma the highest?x How does the gamma moves with the volatility?x What are the first and second derivatives in function of the strike?Explain and calculatex How can we build a digital?x How is the vega at the barrier of an up and out Call?x If we have an increase in volatility, how would the price move?x Discuss the limitations of applying the original Black-Scholes approach to pricing an option?3) Basic Maths:It has been mentioned by a number of our clients that the failing of many junior candidates they interview is their lack of ability to solve problems using the fundamentals. For example, whilst 90%+ can apply Ito’s lemma in the context of Black Scholes to calculate the price of an option where a stochastic process is involved, over half of these people are not able to solve it as an ODE once the stochastic component has been removed. This suggests two things;i. They have merely learned the solution by memory; and/orii They are only aware of standard methodologies;without understanding the fundamental mechanics of the model. What clients are looking for at the entry to 2 year level is strong competency on the basics and strong (almost intuitive) mathematical and logical problem solving skills that would suggest that in the future you will be capable of learning the difficult and complex processes applied to harder problems. If you slip up on the basics it’s difficult to judge your potential of coping with the more challenging products or indeed your longer term potential to bring innovative ideas to the forum. We would therefore suggest that prior to interview you spend at least a 40-50% of your time consolidating your understanding of basic math applicable to quantitative finance and the rest revising programming and learning about the products and their structures. See Table 1 and Figure 1 for a fuller explanation of this).Table I. Areas of maths which are fundamental for a Quant interviewCalculus:Functions of a single variable:o Ordinary calculuso Ordinary differential equationso Solution methodso Basic numerical integrationo Simple integral equations Functions of two or more variables:o Partial differential calculuso Partial differential equationso Classificationo The diffusion equationo Solution methodso Basic numerical methodsMatrices:o Matrix manipulationo Eigenvalues andeigenvectorso ExponentiationProbability:Elementary probability theory:o Distributions, discrete andcontinuouso First and second moments(mean and variance)o Higher moments (skew andkurtosis)o Important distributionso Several variableso Correlationo Central Limit Theorem Elementary statistics:o Data representationo Regressiono Confidence intervalso Hypothesis testingRandom walks:o Trinomialo Transition probabilitydensity functionso Deterministicequations from randombehaviour4) Basic Financial Maths:You should then make sure you have mastered the basic math behind derivative pricing theory, for example, you understand Black Scholes and are able to not only solve the equation using at least two different methods but are able to discuss the application in a real world context. A complaint from clients is that some candidates are not “pragmatic” mathematicians – i.e. if they do have a good understanding of how an equation works they can often be too zealous about the equation itself rather than its application and practicality.Example: When asking someone to price an option the “purists” dive straight into finding the solution with the most precision, however before attempting any question like this it is important to know the precision limits required as this may fundamentally change the approach one may take (speed vs precision optimization).In terms of specific math look at: Markov Processes, Ito Processes, Ito’s Lemma, Wiener/Brownian Motion, PDEs, and Monte Carlo techniques. It goes without saying that you should understand the terminology and simple behavior of vanilla derivatives, for example, the relationship between derivative prices and their underlyings.Finally, as a basic rule, ensure you are able to talk in depth about what you have put on your CV. Even if it is something you have not done for a few years make sure you are able to give a thorough overview of the projects you have done and that you can give a good summary of the considerations behind the technical decisions you made during these projects. Be prepared to be questioned on these and make sure you have re-familiarized yourself with the subject areas involved.5) “Complex” Maths“Compex” mathematical questions typically only contain complexity in the way that they are structured. Within an interview for an entry/junior level position, if you are presented with a highly complex problem the interviewer will often talk you through the approach to solving it giving you pointers where you get stuck. All you need to ensure is you have mastered the basics and that you are showing that you understand the approach being taught to you by the interviewer.With regard to the more complex problems interviewers are looking for creativity in finding solutions. It is difficult to be creative with mathematical rules unlessi you know them well and therefore can apply them accurately; andii you have been actively applying them to a multitude of problems and therefore understand the different approaches to finding solutions.Sample Questions on the basicsx Evaluate the following integrals(a )dx ex x .02/22³f(b ) dx x e x.cos ³(c )³ tt t dt0265xSolve the following ordinary differential equations for y (x )(a ) 1)0(,06' y xy y(b ) 0)0(',1)0(,06''' y y y y yx Solve the partial differential equation22xu t u w w w w xFind all eigenvalues and all (normalised) eigenvectors for the following matrix¸¸¹·¨¨©§2112 xCalculate E[e X ], where X follows a Normal distribution N(u, s) of mean u and standard deviation s . xIft t t dW s dt X X a dX .).( fandf is a function of X and t ;calculate df , where a , X and s are constant.What if the Brownian motion term in the above is 0 (i.e. s.dW t = 0)?x Write a probability density function for normal and log-normal distributions.x You are dealt 13 cards randomly from a pack of 52. What is the probability your hand contains exactly 2 aces?6) Programming Skills (C++ and Visual Basic)Software development in C++ is one of the key technologies employed by global financial institutions, particularly due to its support of object-oriented programming. This has resulted in a minimum requirement for all quantitative professionals to have some appreciation of C++ modelling. In addition to this, the accessibility and “user-friendly” nature of VB/VBA has led to its increasing popularity. Ideally junior candidates for structuring will have used C++ and VB beyond a basic level (for example, implemented a PDE solver), and should have a deep understanding of core programming principles.Sample questions (basic level C++):x What is the difference between a pointer and a reference? x When would you use a pointer/reference?x What does it mean to declare a function or variable as static?x What is a class?x What is the difference between a struct and a class in C++?x What is the purpose of a constructor/destructor?x What is a constructor, destructor, default constructor, copy constructor?x What does it mean to declare a member function as virtual/static?x What is virtual inheritance?x What is polymorphism?x What is the most difficult program you have had to write?7) Problem Solving Questions/Brainteasers.It is likely that during the course of interviews you will be asked some “brainteaser” type questions designed to test your intuition for problem solving – such skills are vital for a structurer. The solutions are often mathematical but can also require simple logic or lateral thinking. Often there can be several solutions, some more optimized than others. Interviewers are looking to see your thought process in solving the problem and will usually require you to prove your answers.Sample questions:x What is the sum of all the numbers between 1 and 1000?x How would you sum a series of 1 to n numbers? Demonstrate proof for this.x You are given a set of balance scales which you are to use to measure eight balls. Seven of these balls have the same weight: the eighth ball is heavier than the rest. What is the minimum number of weighs you could perform to find the heaviest of the eight balls?x Same as above but with 12 balls?x To qualify for a race, you need to average 60 mph driving two laps around a 1 mile long track. You have some sort of engine difficulty the first lap so that you only average 30 mph during that lap; how fast do you have to drive the second lap to average 60 for both of them?x A river is flowing downstream at 15 mph relative to the shore. A rowing team is practicing rowing and at first they row upstream (against the current). They can only go 1.5 mph relative to the shore at this rate. The guy at the back end of the boat is wearing a hat when they begin, but after a while his hat falls into the water (and floats) and it is15 minutes before they notice it. They then instantaneously reverse direction and row back to catch up with the hat,rowing with the same strength or power they were rowing with before. How long will it take them to catch up with the hat as it is pushed downstream by the current?x There are 10 open boxes containing 100 coins each. In 9 of these boxes the coins are made of gold, and in the other the coins are made of copper. You are given a large digital balance which can be used once only. Can you identify the box containing copper coins knowing the weight of both gold and copper coins?x A bag contains a total of N balls with either blue or red colour. If five balls are randomly chosen from the bag, the probability is precisely 1/2 that all five balls are blue. What's the smallest value of N for which this is possible?(Hint: Use different number of blue/red balls to get to the answer?)x You are given 5 bags containing 100 coins each. The bags can contain coins of 3 different types that look identical.The first type weighs 9 grams, the second type 10 and the third type 11 grams. Each bag contains coins of equal weight but you do not know how many of the 5 bags are of the different types. (i.e. all 5 bags might well contain 9 gram coins as far as you are concerned). You are given a huge digital balance. How many times do you need to use the balance to clearly determine the type of coin contained in each bag?x You are playing Russian roulette with a six chamber revolver, you load 2 bullets into the revolver in adjacent chambers. You spin the barrel place the gun to your head and pull the trigger, you don’t shoot yourself. You now have the option of either spinning the barrel or pulling the trigger again, which do you take?x You are in a boat on a lake, in the boat there is a suitcase, you throw this suitcase over the side of the boat. Whathappens to the level of the water in the lake? Does it rise, fall or stay the same? x How many manhole covers are there in London? x How many petrol stations are there in the UK?x You are gambling on the roll of a fair six sided dice, in this game if you role a 1 you get $1, if you role a 2 you get$2 if you role a 3 you get $3 and so on. What is the expected return after 100 roles of the dice.(Note – there are a large number of variations on this game, you should spend some time looking at various dice games and probabilities).If you wish to discuss any of this material further, please contact Gianna Tong or any of the other consultants listed belowDr Tony Ofori ConsultantQuantitative Analysis Michael Page City 50 Cannon Street London ENGLAND EC4N 6JJTel: +44 (0) 20 7269 1979 Mob: +44 (0) 7815 174 459 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7329 2986Email: anthonyofori@Doug Ward ConsultantQuantitative Analysis Michael Page City 50 Cannon Street London ENGLAND EC4N 6JJTel: +44 (0) 20 7269 1981 Mob: +44 (0) 7876 565 803 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7329 2986Email: dougward@Gianna Tong Consultant DerivativesMichael Page City 50 Cannon Street London ENGLAND EC4N 6JJTel: +44 (0) 20 7269 1979 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7329 2986Email: giannatong@ Simon Barker Consultant DerivativesMichael Page City 50 Cannon Street London ENGLAND EC4N 6JJTel: +44 (0) 207 269 1873 Mob: +44(0) 7092 239 586 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7329 2986Email: simonbarker@FinancialMathstimeTypical entrylevel StructurerProductKnowledgeFigure 1: Skills mapping against revision space。