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高考英语语法详解：现在分词作状语和过去分词作状语的区别非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如：The students standing there are from Class Three.The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed inOctober.Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.Being ill, she can't go to work today.The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information2.现在分词的完成式由“having+动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having+been+动词过去分词”。
例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest.Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down.Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to takesome medicine with him wherever he goes.3.现在分词的否定式为“not+动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not+having +动词过去分词”,被动式的否定式为not+having+been+动词过去分词”例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.二、过去分词作状语过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。
可以表示时间，原因，条件，结果，伴随，让步等情况。
举例：1.Seeing from the top of the mountain，he saw a beautiful city.2.Her mother died in 2001，leaving her with her younger brother.3.Having read the letter from her daughter，he sat down with relief.4.Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call.对比：Not knowing his dress，she went to a policeman for help.5.Seen from the top of the mountain，Chongqing is a beautiful city.6.The child learns fast，well brought up by his parents.7.Being struck by the heavy storm，they felt helpless.8.Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake. 总结：分词做状语的表现形式及区别注意点：1. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时候可以由while/when引出。
Eg：When offered help，one often says，“thank you”.Be careful when crossing the street.2.有些分词货不定式短语作状语，其形式不受上下文限制，我们称其为独立成分。
常见的有：Generally/frankly speaking；Judging from/by；Considering/ taking .....into consideration；To tell you the truth；Seeing....考虑到；Supposing....假如，如果；Provided (that)....如果；3.独立主格的问题。
现在分词和过去分词的用法之状语用法在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；分词（包括现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle）。
注意：分词按其构成及意思上的主被动关系不同，可分为现在分词和过去分词。
虽然现在分词和过去分词在句子中所作的成分大体相同，但在意思上有主动和被动之分。
一般说来，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。
两者所表示的时间也不相同，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词则表示已经完成。
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
1.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.=_______________________________, they all jumped with joy.ing what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.= _________________________________________, ou can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.3.Given better attention, the plants could grow better.=__________________________, the plants could grow better.4.He looked tired and depressed, disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.=_____________________________________, He looked tired and depressed.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。
现在分词／过去分词／不定式做状语详讲及分析一．现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系,就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语．例如：①Hearing the got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)现在分词逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系② She got home, feeling very tired.逻辑主语现在分词主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系③Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. (When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.)注：当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行．除了省略其连接词be 动词．When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice.Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar.’t enter into the interbarbe 动词的现在分词形式．即Being excited, he speaks incoherently.(Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.)ll go camping. ’ll go camping.)从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。
从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。
因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her.⑧I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first..①(knowing为一般式)②从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。
关于现在分词以及过去分词做状语的问题这篇文章是两个不同的答案整合而成，所以可能某些地方的衔接显得不是很自然，但是大家就以探讨知识为首要目的吧，行文方面的问题就担待下。
其实要看这篇文章，首先要明白什么是状语。
我会在其他文章中详细解释。
一般来说，状语是为一个事件或动作本身提供补充信息。
虽然状语中可能有某种形式的动词，但这里的动词形式不是谓语。
过去分词状语一般表示被动，现在分词状语一般表示主动。
所谓被动和主动，都是针对整句的主语。
需要注意的点：（1）现在分词可以有被动语态，也可以用完成时，也可以否定看例子：Seeing this problem, I got confused again.看到这个问题，我又糊涂了。
（是我看到这个问题，是我又糊涂了。
）Faced with this problem, I got confused again.面对这个问题的时候，我又糊涂了。
（这里其实说的 I was faced with，所以其实是被动）Having solved this problem, I felt quite excited.解决了这个问题后，我感到非常兴奋。
(我解决了这个问题，所以我仍然活跃)Not having solved this problem, I felt quite frustrated.没有解决这个问题，我觉得很沮丧。
（是我没有解决这个问题，是我觉得沮丧，这里是完成时的否定）Being solved，this problem will not be a barrier anymore.当被解决之时，这个问题将不再是一个障碍。
（这里虽然用的是现在分词作状语，但是因为是用的是被动语态，所以依然表示的被动，请厘清这里的逻辑关系。
）Not being solved, this problem remains the biggest barrier for us.因为没有解决，这个问题还是我们最大的障碍。
分词作状语的用法讲解分词作状语啊，这可是英语语法里挺有趣的一部分呢。
咱先来说说啥是分词。
分词就分现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词一般是动词原形加上 -ing，像eating，running这些；过去分词呢，规则动词就是动词原形加 -ed，不规则的就各有各的样儿了，像broken，written 啥的。
这分词啊，就像一个个小精灵，它们可不仅仅能在句子里老老实实做谓语，还能跑出来做状语呢。
你看啊，当分词做状语的时候，就好像是给句子加了个小跟班，这个小跟班能说明很多事情呢。
比如说原因。
好比说，“Exci ted by the news，he jumped up and down.”这里的“Excited by the news”就是过去分词作状语，表示原因。
就像你听到你中了大奖这个消息，高兴得不得了，那“中了大奖”就是你“高兴得不得了”的原因。
那要是用现在分词呢，“Being ill，he didn't go to school.” “Being ill”就是现在分词作状语表示原因。
这就好比一个小乌云（生病）飘到你头上，然后就有了后面不去上学这个事儿。
分词作状语还能表示时间呢。
“Hearing the bell，the students rushed out of the classroom.” “Hearing the bell”这现在分词短语就告诉我们时间，一听到铃声这个时候，学生们就冲出教室了。
这就跟早上一听到闹钟响，你就从床上弹起来是一个道理。
再说说表示伴随状况的。
“He sat on the sofa，reading a book.” “reading a book”就是现在分词作状语，表示伴随。
就像你走在路上，哼着小曲儿，哼小曲儿就是伴随你走路这个动作同时发生的。
那怎么判断用现在分词还是过去分词呢？这就看和句子主语的关系了。
如果这个动作是主语主动发出的，一般就用现在分词。
就像前面说的“Hearing the bell”，是“students”主动听到铃声。
现在分词、过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时的区别（一）现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me.=The mobile phone which is lying on the desk belongs to me.（the mobile phone 和lie为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.=The injured who suffered from the shock in the traffic accident were lying the hospital。
（the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.=The house which was built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.（the house 和build为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me.=The mobile phone which is laid on the desk belongs to me.（the mobile phone 和lay 为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）小试牛刀:1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter.2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again.4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world.6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago.8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.9.The car ____________________(make ) in Japan is of high quality.10.A checking delegation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school.A checking delegation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class.The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt?Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt?13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearlyThe students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.( 辅助信息:Our school is located in the centre of the town)（二）现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别find ，make，feel，keep，leave，have ，see，observe，notice，watch，hear 。
