语法精准讲解

非谓语动词作主语 11. 直接作主语：1）眼见为实。

1.Seeing is believing.2）天天做早操有益于健康。

2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health 3）吸烟不是好习惯。

3.Smoking is not a good habit2. 用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型1）你这么说真是太好了 It is very kind of you to say so.2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了It’s very foolish of him to say such things3）我们学好英语是必要的 It is necessary for us to learn English well4）你们学好英语语法并不难It’s not difficult for you to learn well English grammar Notice：注意it is +adj. +of +sb.+to do sth.以及it is +adj. +for +sb.+to do sth. 的区别下列动词只能带不定式作宾语afford ,agree ,attempt, decide ,demand ,expect ,fail ,help, hope ,manage , offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise, refuse ,seem, tend , wish不定式的省略省to的不定式作宾补：宾补省to记11,一感二听三使役五看一帮两均可,被动该to不能弃feel,hear,listen to,have,let,make,see,look at,notice,observe,watch,helpWe often see them play football; They are often seen to play footballHe was made to stand outside for two hours省to 不定式的固定句型1, had better (not) do…2,would rat her do ...than do…3, prefer to do ...rather than do…4, cannot but do 不得不…必然…5, cannot help but do ...不得不…6,do nothing but do ...\nothing to do but/except do 只能只有7,why (not )do ...8, 当主语部分有do ，则表语可省to9,当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带to 外其余的不加。

She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back .注：如果两者有比较关系，那么每个不定式前都得加toTo try and fail is better than not to try at all .只能接动名词做宾语的情况1）部分动词后面finish; enjoy; admire; avoid; mind; practise; miss…2）部分带to的词组be / get/ become used to; lo ok forward to; due to; devote…to…; object to; stick to; owing to; thanks to; be up to; get down to; pat attention to; belong to…注意下列11种不同动词或句型的用法 2在forget ,remember ,regret ,want ,need ,require ,try ,stop ,go on,mean等动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义差别。

1 forget ,remember , regret +doing 动作已经发生+to do 动作未发生2 want ,need ,require + doing 表被动= to be done注：be worth doing = be worthy to be done3 try doing 试着做 try to do 尽力做，想要做4 stop doing 停止做某事，(先后是一件事).stop to do 停下来做某事,(先后不是同一件事)5 go on doing 继续敌某事，(先后是同一件事 )go on to do 接下来做某事，(先后不是同一件事)6 mean doing 意味着做某事mean to do 故意或想要做某事7 can’t help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’t help (to) do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事8 only to do … 结果是…（出乎预料）only doing… 结果是… (必然是…)9 prefer to do… rather than do … 宁愿… 而不…prefer doing …to doing …would rather do … than do …would do … rather than do …10 have nothing to do /do nothing but/except do …只好做（别无选择）11在 begin , start , continue 等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，意义区别不大.但要注意1）本身是-ing 形式时，其后要接不定式2）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用动名词3）主语是物多用不定式4）其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关的，不用 v-ing 形式know, realize, hate , love , understand , wonder , remember , forget非谓语动词作表语3动名词作表语1 对称原则，主语是动名词，表语一般也用动名词Seeing is believing2 动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）My job is teaching you English \ Teaching you English is my job.不定式作表语1)计划趋势将要做的She is to get married next week.2)责任义务必须做的I’m to see you off at the airport tomorrow3)祁使命令不得不做的You’re to stand here ,do you understand .4)命运安排注定做的Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist.非谓语动词作定语动名词作定语表示被修饰词用途drinking water ==the water that is (used )for drinkingdrinking water , living room ,sitting room ,washing powder分词作定语表被修饰词的特点、特征.单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语，放在所修饰词之后。

现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动boiling water =the water that is boiling. fallen leaves, boiled watersleeping child =the child who is asleep a moving film, a moved girlThere was a surprised look on her face at the news.动词不定式作定语1.后置表示将来In the years to come, we will study harder and harder.This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.2.当特定的谓语动词(有,需要,给,找,弄have, need, want, give, find, get)后的名词(或宾语)用不定式来修饰.1. I have a lot of work to do .2.I want to get something to read .3.Do you need some water to drink?4.Please give me a piece of paper to write on.5.Let’s find a room to p ut those things in .3.当名词有特定的定语,如形容词\副词的最高级,序数词及next, only, right等,其后接不定式作定语He is the first(student) to come and the last to leave.Where is the best place to meet ?We need the next room to hold corn.He is the only person to be fit for the job.4.一些需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名词,agreement, attempt, decision, need, promise, plan, wish等,常用不定式来修饰. There is no need to send for a doctor .注:(1)不及物动词或特殊用法,要加合适的介词.They need a house to live in. There are many model bikes to choose from.非谓语动词作补语4一、带to的不定式作宾补( a bright pace foul 一次聪明的速度犯规)A 在allow, ask, advise, beg, command, cause, encourage, expect,force, get, hate invite like order permit prefer remind tell urgewant ,wish等动词后,用带to的不定式作宾补(1)I prefer you not to play all day long.(2)I’d like you to help me with my homework.(3) You’d better get more people to do the work.二、表示见解\看法的动词+ 宾语+ 带to的不定式(to be doing/ to have done…).具有这种用法的动词有:believe, consider, declare,discover, feel, find,guess, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand1, We found the rumor true. 2, I consider him to have done wrong.3, I always imagine me to be a millionaire. 4, I felt him to be a spy三、“短语动词+ 宾语+ 带to的不定式”这类动词有arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait forYou can not count on Tom to help you. Chairman Mao called on us to serve the people heart and soul.分词短语作宾补一.能带现在分词做宾补的动词有: have ,get ,keep ,set ,send ,leave, catch, hear ,listen to,feel , see , find ,look at ,watch ,observe ,noticeMy father had only two men working for himDon’t have the horse running so fast ,It’s dangerous .Have you noticed the boy passing across the street ?过去分词作宾补二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有make ,have ,get leave及感官动词see ,watch ,look at ,find hear listen to ,feel 等.宾语与补语的关系是被动含义时，用过去分词作宾补I was surprised to see so many people seated at the back of the class.I have never heard this song sung so sweetlyYou’d better get your bike repaired at once★主动语态时态．不定式动名词分词一般时to do doing doing进行时to be doing完成时to have done having done having done★被动语态一般时to be done being done done进行时being done 完成时to have been done having been done having been done非谓语动词作状语 5 （1）不定式做状语，表示原因,目的或结果。