山东科技大学管理信息学考研真题2017—2018年

一、概念题（每题5分，共30分）1、空间数据结构2、数据模型3、栅格数据4、关系数据模型5、GIS互操作6、数据挖掘二、单选或多选题(每题5分，共30分)1、下面不属于拓扑数据结构的特点为（ ）A. 点是相互独立的，点连成线，线构成面 B．弧段是数据组织的基本对象C. 每个多边形都以闭合线段存储，多边形的公共边界被数字化两次和存储两次D. 每条线始于起结点，止于终结点，并与左右多边形相邻接2、某大型工业园选址项目中，需要同时满足三个条件：1）距离公路1500米以内；2）距离湖泊1500米以外；3）地块面积大于100平方公里。

利用GIS的空间分析功能进行选址，分别采用（ ）A. 基于非空间属性的查询、缓冲区分析、intersect叠加分析B. 基于非空间属性的查询、缓冲区分析、erase叠加分析C. 基于空间关系的查询、缓冲区分析、identify叠加分析D. 基于空间关系的查询、缓冲区分析、clip叠加分析3、GIS区别于其它信息系统的一个显著标志是：（ ）A.空间分析B.计量分析C.属性分析D.统计分析4、GIS空间数据存储在线状或面状实体的弧段文件中，属性数据存储在关系数据库管理系统中， 两个子系统之间通过标识码进行连接，则该数据库管理系统属于（ ） A. 关系式DBMS B. 开放式DBMS C. 扩展式DBMS D. 混合式DBMS5、数据库领域中最常用的数据模型有( )A.层次模型B. 逻辑模型C.关系模型D.对象模型E. 网状模型6、下列哪一个不是数据库的特征( )。

A.数据共享B. 数据融合C. 数据独立D.数据保护E.数据内插三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1、简述地理信息和空间数据的基本特征。

2、简述矢量数据与栅格数据的相互转换的方法。

3、简述空间数据转换方法。

4、简述DEM的构建方法及应用领域。

四、试用层次模型、关系模型、网络模型和面向对象模型分别表示下图M。

（共25分）五、简述建立数字城市的关键技术，并说明智慧城市和数字城市异同点，给出建设智慧城市的想法和建议。

一、解释下列概念（每题6分，共计5×6分＝30分）1. 管理者的人际技能2. 德尔菲技术3. 扁平组织结构形态4. 程序化决策与非程序化决策5.沟通网络二、简答题（任选5题, 每题10分，共计5×10分=50分）1.管理活动具有哪些基本职能？并简述它们之间的关系。

2. 简述改善企业道德行为的途径。

3. 与个人决策相比较，集体决策的优缺点?4. 简述管理科学学派的主要特点。

5. 简述滚动计划法的基本思想及其优点。

6. 什么是适度控制？并简述如何进行适度控制？三、论述题（每题20分，共计2×20分=40分）1.如何理解责任管理原理？结合实际谈谈责任管理原理在管理实践中的指导意义。

2. 结合你熟悉的一个企业，谈谈维持与创新的关系及其对企业发展的重要作用。

四、案例分析题（共30分）案例Ⅰ CEO如何巩固他的领导地位蓝星电脑公司和美国硅谷的许多高科技公司一样，以火箭般的速度发展，但也面临着来自东海岸大公司的激烈竞争。

公司刚开张时，一切就像闹着玩似的，高层管理人员穿着T恤衫和牛仔裤来上班，谁也分不清他们与普通员工有什么区别。

然而当公司财务上出现了困境，原先那个自由派风格的董事会主席虽然留任，但公司聘入了一位新的首席执行官琼斯。

琼斯来自一家老牌公司，他照章办事，十分传统，与蓝星公司的风格相去甚远，因此，冲突也不可避免了。

第一次公司内部危机发生在新任首席执行官的首次高层管理会议时，会议定于上午8点半开始，可有一个人9点钟才跌跌撞撞地进来。

西装革履的琼斯眼睛瞪着那个迟到的人，对大家说：“我再说一次，本公司所有的日常公事要准时，你们中间谁做不到，请下午5点之前向我递交辞职报告。

你们应该忘掉过去的那一套，从今以后，就是我和你们一起干了。

”到下午5点，10名高层管理人员只有两名辞职。

此后一个月里，公司发生了一些重大变化。

琼斯颁布了几项指令性政策，使已有的工作程序改弦易辙。

他告诫公司副总经理威廉，一切重大事务向下传达之前必须先由他审批。

山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷PART I GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20points)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The newly-built Science Building seems________enough to last a hundred years.A)spacious B)sophisticated C)substantial D)ready2.Once you get to know your mistakes,you should______them as soon as possible.A)rectify B)reclaim C)refrain D)reckon3.The circus has always been very popular because it______both the old and the young.A)immerses B)indulges C)fascinates D)facilitates4.These melodious folk songs are generally_____to Smith,a very important musician of the century.A)devoted B)contributed C)composed D)ascribed5.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_______and are no longerused in the present days.A)obsolete B)obscene C)obvious D)oblique6.Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there.She______by bus.A)should have goneB)must have goneC)ought to have goneD)could have gone7.After______seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A)that B)it C)what D)there8.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,_____suggested by the local government,will beseriously considered here.A)while B)since C)after D)as9._______that should be given priority to.A)It is what has the government decidedB)It is what the government has decidedC)It is only the government has decidedD)It is the government has decided10.Mobility is one of the characteristics often______executives,and they must accustom themselvesto moving quite regularly.A)demanded of B)asked for C)expected from D)called for11.I found it difficult to______my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.A)consolidate B)intensify C)amend D)reconcile12.While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they_______by wild animals.A)should be attackedB)had been attackedC)must be attackedD)would be attacked13.I am surprised_______this city is a dull place to live in.A)that you would thinkB)that you should thinkC)by what you are thinkingD)with what you were thinking14.Living in the western part of the country has its problems,______obtaining fresh water is not theleast.A)with which B)for which C)of which D)which15.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,he succeeded_____othermore well-informed experimenters failed.A)which B)that C)what D)where16.“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o’clock tonight?”“I’m sorry.Mr.Williams______to a conference long before then.”A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone17.It was recommended that passengers_____smoke during the flight.A)not B)need not C)could not D)would not18.It’s amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery_____.A)spontaneously B)simultaneously C)collaboratively D)conscientiously19.He could produce no evidence_______his argument.A)in respect of B)in view of C)in support of D)on account of20.You must either_____to the rules or leave the schoo1.A)contempt B)contend C)conform D)confrontPART II READING COMPREHENSION(40points)Directions:There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions21to25are based on the following passage.Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-cooperative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their femalehuman counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins,grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is, as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_______A)posing a contrast B)justifying an assumptionC)making a comparison D)explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph1)implies that_______A)monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B)resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.C)monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.D)no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_______A)more inclined to weigh what they get.B)attentive to researchers’instructions.C)nice in both appearance and temperament.D)more generous than their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________A)prefer grapes to cucumbers.B)can be taught to exchange things.C)will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D)are unhappy when separated from others.25.When can we infer from the last paragraph?A)Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B)Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C)Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D)Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Questions26to30are based on the following passage.“Masterpieces are dumb”wrote Flaubert.“They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature,like large animals and mountains.”He might have been thinking of War and Peace,that vast, silent work,unfathomable and simple,provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is“overpowering,”says the critic Bayley,“disconcerting,”because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it”;like other19th century Russian writers he is “impressive”because he“means what he says.”But he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life,which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist.He is the center of his work,but his egocentricity is of a special kind.“Goethe,for example,”says Bayley,“cared for nothing but himself.”Tolstoy was nothing but himself.For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction,Tolstoy and his work are of a piece.The famous“conversion”of his middle years,movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life,not a departure from it.The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable,from a joyous,buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism,from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata,came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience.“Truth is my hero,”wrote Tolstoy in his youth,reporting the fighting in Sebastopol.Truth remained his hero-his own, not others’truth.Others were awed by Napoleon,believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations,adhered to meaningless rituals,formed their tastes on established canons of art.Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions,and in every reversal he overthrew the“system”,the“machine,”the externally ordained belief,the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic,impulsive life,of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition:the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great,unregarded little Captain Tushin,or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account for it.The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths.Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of these tensions;his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fiction exemplify this search,and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer.Tolstoy wanted happiness,but only hard-won happiness,that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort.He scorned lesser satisfaction.26.Which of the following can best summarize Flaubert’s statement in the first paragraph?A)The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility.B)Masterpieces seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.C)Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history with uniqueness.D)Great works of art do not explain themselves any more than natural objects do.27.The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy________A)writes novels that are reports of copying actual events.B)maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience.C)often writes his works in a quite simple way.D)works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth.28.What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?A)She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.B)She finds him theatrically artificial.C)She admires his wholehearted sincerity.D)She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.29.According to the passage,Tolstoy’s conversion is_______A)a radical renunciation of the world.B)the natural consequence of his early beliefs.C)the acceptance of a religion he had rejected.D)the rejection of avant-garde ideas.30.We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that______A)Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy’s work.B)in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society.C)the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn’t get the answer.D)the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy.Questions31to35are based on the following passage.In most sectors of the economy,it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price,quality,and utility,and it is the buyer who makes the decision.In the health care industry,however,the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer.Once an individual has chosen to see a physician,the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions:whether the patient should return“next Wednesday”,whether X-rays are needed,whether drugs should be prescribed,etc.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care.The physician must certify the need for hospitalization,determine what procedures will be performed,and announce when the patient may be discharged.The patient maybe consulted about some of these decisions,but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final.Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real“consumer”.As a consequence,the medical staff represents the“power center”in hospital policy and decision-making,not the administration.Although usually,there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician,the hospital,the patient and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decision for all of them.The hospital becomes an extension of the physician;the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital;and for the most part, the patient plays a passive role.In routine or minor illnesses,or just plain worries,the patient’s options are,of course,much greater with respect to use and price.But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate.And it is for these illness that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent.We estimate that about75~80percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians,not patients.For this reason,economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.31.In this passage,the author’s primary purpose is to________.A)criticize doctor for exercising too much control over patientB)analyze some important economic factors in health careC)urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityD)inform potential patient of their health care rights32.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because________.A)it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB)most of a patient’s bills are paid by his health insuranceC)a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s healthD)administrations lack the expertise to question medical decisions33.According to the author,when a doctor tells a patient to“return next Wednesday”,the doctor is ineffect________.A)taking advantage of the patient’s concern for his healthB)instructing the patient to buy more medical serviceC)warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryD)advising the patient to seek a second opinion34.The author is most probably leading up to________.A)a proposal to control medical costB)a discussion of new medical treatmentC)a comparison of hospitals and factoriesD)an analysis of causes inflation in the U.S.35.The tone of the author can be best described as_________.A)whimsicalB)cautiousC)analyticalD)inquisitiveQuestions36to40are based on the following passage.In order to tell what I believe,I must briefly sketch something of my personal history.The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.My parents,although sympathetic,and sharing my love of music,disapproved of it as a profession.This was understandable in view of the family background.My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and,though much beloved and respected in the community,earned barely enough to provide for his large family.My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay.As a consequence of this example in the family,the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards.My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music,and to college I went—quite happily,as I remember,for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing,I had many other interests.Before my graduation form Columbia,the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job.Thus I launched upon a business career—which I always think of as the wasted years.Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage business.My whole point is that it was not for me.I went into it for money,and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family,money is all I got out of it.It was not enough.I felt that life was passing me by.From being merely discontented I became acutely miserable.My one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music.I used to get up at dawn to practice before I left for“downtown”,distracting my poor mother by bolting a hasty breakfast at the last minute.Instead of lunching with my business associates,I would seek out some cheap café,order a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises.I continued to make money,and finally,bit by bit,accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad.The family being once more solvent, and my help no longer necessary,I resigned from my position and,feeling like a man released from jail, sailed for Europe.I stayed four years,worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed every minute of it.“Enjoyed”is too mild a word.I walked on air.I really lived.I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do and what I was meant to do.If I had stayed in business,I might be a comparatively wealthy man today,but I do not believe I would have made a success of living.I would have given up all those intangibles,those inner satisfactions,that money can never buy,and that are too often sacrificed when a man’s primary goal is financial success.When I broke away from business,it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family. So conditioned are most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seemed little short of insane.If so,all I can say is“Gee!It’s great to be crazy.”Money is a wonderful thing,but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.36.What is the rhetoric device used in the sentence“it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of mygrandmother that kept the wolf at bay”in Paragraph Two?A)Synecdoche B)SimileC)Personification D)Metaphor37.The point of Paragraph Four is about_______A)how painfully the author endured his business career for his goal of music.B)how boring the author’s business career was that he could not wait to quit.C)how busy the author’s business career was that he rarely had good breakfasts.D)how depressed the author felt because he had to support the whole family.38.The sentence“I walked on air”in Paragraph Five indicates that the author______A)could not find his place in a totally new environment.B)felt at loss when beginning a new life away from home.C)was exceedingly happy because he had quitted his job which he didn’t like to do.D)felt elevated and optimistic because he was doing what he loved to do.39.According to the author’s view,money is_______A)nothing but impediment to success.B)valuable but not the most important.C)sometimes equaled to success.D)capable of offering people freedom.40.To the author,the real success in his life is_______A)to help his family out of financial trouble.B)to earn enough money so as to do what he wants to do.C)to gain inner satisfaction from what he loves to do.D)to work hard and try to enjoy the work itself.PART III TRANSLATION(50points)SECTION A:CHINESE TO ENGLISH(25points)Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into English.哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。

1.名词解释（共5个名词，每个6分，共30分）（1）信息（2）信源（3）自信息量（4）后验概率（5）信宿2.选择题(共9题，每题2分，共18分)(1) 信息的基本特征表明( )A.信息既来源于物质世界又来源于精神世界B.信息不是知识，所以信息没有知识的本性C.信息是一种抽象的概念，它不能像物质、能量那样被感知D.信息量在传递、加工过程中实现增值(2) “给定系统中发生的信息传播是不可逆过程”表示( )A.信息熵是不能减少或增加的B.信息接收方不能再把信息传播给信息发送方C.信息只能在给定系统内部传播D.接收者获得信息消除掉的某种不确定性不可能再回到原先的不确定状态(3) 系统的整体性原理表明( )A.系统的总体功能总是大于各元素独立作用之和B.系统的总体功能一定不会小于各元素独立作用之和C.系统的整体性原理仅表明了系统存在的意义，但实际系统的总体功能并不一定D.超过各元素独立作用之和“一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃”违背了系统整体性原理。

(4) 抽样样本数目( )A.与总体中的个体数N成正比B.与总体中的个体差异成正比C.是抽样误差的单调递增函数D.是抽样误差的单调递减函数(5) 在离散无记忆平稳信道中通信，( )A.码字个数M越大，通信的可靠性越没有保障B.码字的长度N越大，通信的可靠性越没有保障C.信道容量C越大，通信的可靠性越没有保障D.通信的可靠性只与信道容量有关，而与编码无关(6) 设码C=(0000,0011,1000,1100)，在二元对称传送中，检错码是( )位。

A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 3(7) 某条信息告诉你，韦小宝的骰子做了手脚，1和6出现的概率为1/4，5和4出现的概率是1/6，而2和3出现的概率是1/12，则该信息提供的信息量是( )A. 2.585bitB. 2.459bitC. 0.126bitD. 5.044bit(8) 设码C=(0000,0011,1000,1100)，在二元对称传送中，如果收到A=0111，根据极大似然译码法，A应译为( )A. 0000B. 0011C. 1000D. 1100(9)信息传输至少包括下列一些事物、环节和过程( )A. 信源、载体、变换、信道、信宿B. 信源、载体、信号、信道、信宿C. 信源、信号、变换、信道、信宿D. 信号、载体、变换、信道3.填空题（12空，每个空1分，共12分）1.信息的基本特征有：（1）______________，有来源于精神世界；（2）______________；（3）______________，并且可以被人所感知、获取和识别，也可以被传输、存储、变换、处理、显示、检和利用；（4）______________。

一、 选择题（每题2分，共10分）1、A 点的高斯坐标为=112240m ，=19343800m ，则A 点所在6°带的带号及中央子午线的经度分别为( )A x A y A. 19带，111 B. 19带，117 C . 11带，63 D. 11带，662、测量值的中误差越小，表明（ ）。

A ．测量精度越低 B. 其对应的权越小 C. 与测量精度无关 D. 以上说法都不对3、测量了两段距离及其中误差分别为：d1=136.46m±0.015m ，d2=960.76m±0.025m ，比较它们测距精度的结果为( )。

A. d1精度高B. 精度相同C. d2精度高D. 无法比较4、用经纬仪测水平角和竖直角，一般采用正倒镜方法，下面哪个仪器误差不能用正倒镜法消除（ ）。

A. 视准轴不垂直于横轴B. 竖盘指标差C. 横轴不水平D. 竖轴不竖直5、解算一条导线至少须有的已知数据是（ ）。

A. 两条边的坐标方位角，一个点的坐标B. 一条边的坐标方位角，一个点的坐标C. 两条边的坐标方位角，两个点的坐标D. 一条边的坐标方位角，两个点的坐标二、 填空题（每空1分，共15分）1、地形图的分幅方法有 和 两种。

2、衡量测量精度的指标有 、 和 。

3、测量外业依据的基准线是_____，基准面是______；测量内业计算的基准面是________，基准线是_____。

4、竖直角观测中，盘左、盘右的竖盘读数分别为94°24′30″和265°35′54″（竖盘按顺时针标注），则最终竖直角为 ，竖盘指标差为 。

5、某平面三角形中，观测了α、β两个内角，其测角中误差均为±4″，则就此推算三角形第三个内角γ的中误差为 。

6、GPS的误差按来源可分为 、 和 三类。

三、 简答题（每题7分，共70分）1、测绘学研究的对象和任务是什么？2、误差产生的原因主要有哪些？误差包括哪些种类？偶然误差具有哪些特性？3、角度测量中为何要用正、倒镜观测？水准测量时，为何要使用前后视距尽量相等？为何采用后－前－前－后的观测顺序？为何要使一测段中的测站数为偶数？4、高斯投影有哪些特点？如何建立高斯平面直角坐标系？5、什么是数字高程模型？它有何特点？它有哪些用途？6、等高线有哪些种类？等高线有何特性？7、大比例尺地面数字测图软件具有哪些功能？8、何为三联脚架法？它有何优点？简述其外业工作的作业程序。

目录
2016年山东科技大学704管理信息学考研真题试题试卷 (2)
2017年山东科技大学705管理信息学考研真题试题试卷 (6)
2018年山东科技大学705管理信息学考研真题试题试卷 (9)
2016年山东科技大学考研真题试题试卷
一、名词解释（共5个名词，每个6分，共30分）
1、语法信息
2、信源
3、系统
4、汉明距离
5、先验概率
二、选择题（12空，每个空2分，共24分）
1、信息收集的方法不包括（）
A 观察（调查）方法
B 实验方法
C 文献检索方法
D 传感方法
2、以下哪个方法是语义信息组织法（）
A 元素结构组织法
B 字顺组织法
C 代码组织法
D权值组织法
3、信息存储的体系结构中属于逻辑层的是（）
A 数据模型
B 文件系统
C数据结构
D数据库系统
4、二元对称传送是指（）
A 错误传送的概率为p，正确传送的概率为1-p
B 错误传送的概率为p，正确接收的概率为1-p
C错误传送的概率为p，正确译码的概率为1-p
4 1。

一、（20分）在一天中进入某超市的顾客人数ξ服从参数为λ的泊松分布，而进入超市的每一个人以概率p 购买1件商品，以概率1A p -不购买商品，假设顾客是否购买商品是相互独立的，记A A η为一天中顾客在该超市购买商品的件数。

A 1、求η的概率分布；2、求条件概率{|}p l k ξη==，其中为非负整数； ,k l 二、（20分）设随机向量(,ξηy )的联合密度函数为,01,1(,)0,Axy x x f x y ≤≤≤≤⎧=⎨⎩其它 1、求常数；A 2、求,ξη的边缘密度函数，,ξη是否独立？为什么？ 3、求概率(1/2P )η<及概率(P 1)ξη+=的值； 11(|22P ηξ)<= 4、求条件概率),(ηξ三、（20分）设二维随机变量的联合分布函数为(1)(1),0,0(,)0x y e e if x y F x y else αβ--⎧-->=⎨⎩>其中0,0αβ>> 与η1、问ξ是否独立？为什么？ 2、 求),(ηξ的联合密度函数；(2)E ξη+、()E ξη及协方差cov(,)ξηξη-+3、 求数学期望；4、 若0αβ=>，试证明ξη+与/ξη独立。

四、（14分）假设(,)X Y 服从二元正态分布221(0,2;3,4;2N -，Z X Y =+//321、求数学期望，方差；EZ DZX 与Z 2、问是否相关？是否独立？为什么？服从参数为n p }{五、（16分）1、随机变量序列n ξn ξ相互独立，的贝努利分布，其中01n p <<，证明}{n ξ服从大数定律，即对任意0ε>有11{|()|)i i P p n ξ}0,(εni =n ->→→∞∑。

2、设随机变量n ξξξ,,,21 ,(2)=0.9775,Φ相互独立，且均服从均匀分布六、（20分）1、设(0.05,0.05)U -（注：(1)0.8Φ=，试利用中心极限定理求1i i = 的近似值。

适用专业：山东科技大学《管理学》考试试卷（1卷）班级姓名学号一、名词解释（每个4分，共20分）1、管理1、管理是运用科学艺术方法，为有效地实现组织的目标而对组织的资源进行计划、组织、领导和控制、创新的过程。

2、决策2、决策是组织或个人为了实现某种目标而对未来一定时期内有关活动的方向、内容及方式的选择或调整过程。

3、战略3、战略是指组织根据外部环境变化和自身可取资源的比较优势，为谋求组织长期发展，对组织经营目标和实现途径所进行的长远性、全局性和指导性谋划。

4、组织文化4、组织文化是指在一定的社会历史条件下，组织在长期发展过程中逐步形成和培育起来的、独特的，为组织全体员工所持有并遵循的价值观念、组织精神、价值标准和行为准则。

5、激励5、激励是指组织通过设计适当的外部奖酬形式和工作环境，以一定的行为规范和惩罚性措施，借助信息沟通来激发、引导、保持和归化组织成员的行为，以有效地实现组织及其成员个人目标的系统性活动。

二、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分）1、战略活动之所以有鲜明的对抗性，是因为有（）的存在。

A.市场经济B.供需双方C.外部环境变化D.竞争对手2、某企业生产某种产品，固定成本为160 000元，单位变动成本为10 000元，每台售价为12 000元，试计算该产品的盈亏平衡点是（）。

A．14台 B．12.5台C．7.3台 D. 80台3、PEST分析模型中T是指（）。

A．经济环境 B．科技环境 C．政治环境 D．社会环境4、“凡事预则立，不预则废”是强调了（）的重要性。

A.计划B.组织C.指挥D.控制5、不确定型决策和风险型决策的主要区别在于（）A.风险的大小B．可控程度 C．能否确定客观概率 D．环境的稳定性6、从战略角度讲，“东方不亮西方亮”是用来比喻（）A.一体化战略B．战略联盟 C．多元化战略 D．全方位创新战略7、某公司设有：一名总经理，一名主管生产的副总经理，一名主管营销的副总经理和一名主管财务的总经理。

山东科技大学2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试金融学综合试卷一、名词解释（每小题4分，共20分）1．远期利率2．表外业务3．场外市场4．购买力平价5．可转换债券二、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1．劣币驱逐良币规律产生于（）。

A、金本位制B、银本位制C、金银复本制D、金块本位制2．在高通货膨胀的经济环境中，下列表述最正确的是（）。

A、已从银行获得贷款的债务人受益B、在银行存款的债权人受益C、将导致本国货币对外大幅度升值D、对有固定收入的群体有利3．关于商业银行准备金的认识不正确的是（）A、商业银行准备金就是商业银行在中央银行的存款。

B、商业银行为应付日常的提款要求而保留的流动性最高的资产。

C、准备金是收益最低的资产，因为多数国家的中央银行都不为商业银行在中央银行的存款支付利息。

D、一般流动性越高的存款，商业银行提取的准备也越高。

4．证券出售时卖方向买方承诺在未来的某个时间将证券买回的协议是（）。

A、同业拆借B、贴现C、回购D、转贴现5．某投资者以96元的价格，购入还有1年到期的债券，债券面值100元，年息6元，其当期收益率是（）。

A、4.45%B、5.35%C、6.15%D、6.25%6．期权卖方可能形成的收益或损失状况是（）。

A、收益无限，损失有限B、收益有限，损失无限C、收益有限，损失有限D、收益无限，损失无限7．分析公司盈利质量时，无需考虑的指标是（）。

A、经营现金净流量B、净利润C、资本性支出D、现金比率8．以下关于内部收益率的表述，不正确的是（）A、内部收益率不是公司实际取得的报酬率，市场利率变化也不会对其产生影响。

B、内部收益率法对投资型项目比较适用，在融资型项目中应用要反向操作。

C、内部收益率出现无解或多个解时，该方法就会失效，此时应该用净现值法判断。

D、内部收益率是个百分比指标，因此可以比较好地反映不同公司规模变化的影响。

9．甲公司执行一种变动股利政策，公司每年都按不变的支付率向股东支付股利，结果是公司的很多外部股东都觉得公司经营欠稳定。

山东科技大学2017年招生硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
一、简答题（每小题4分，共20分）
1 请简述数据库系统的组成。

2 请简要比较自主存取控制和强制存取控制的异同。

3 请叙述参照完整性检查和违约处理的基本原理。

4 ER图向关系模型转换的基本规则有哪些？
5 恢复的实现技术有哪些？
二、（共45分）
某超市数据库的关系模式包括商品表Product、订单表Order、订单细节表Detail和供应商表Supplier，详细描述见各表。

商品表Product
字段名称 含义 数据类型 约束
pno 商品编号 int 主键
pname 商品名称 Varchar(100)
price 价格 Numberic(9,2)
type 商品类别 char(10)
sno 供应商编号 int 外键，引用Supplier表
订单表 Order
字段名称 含义 数据类型 约束
ono 订单编号 int 主键
Datetime odate 订单产生时的日期时间,格式为年‐月‐日 时:
分:秒，例如2016‐11‐11 13:50:23
订单细节表 Detail
字段名称 含义 数据类型 约束
dno 订单细节编号 int 主键
ono 订单编号 int 外键，引用Order表
pno 商品编号 int 外键，引用Product表
Quantity 销售数量 Numberic(5,2)
sellingprice 销售单价 Numberic(9,2)。