英美文化 (英国部分答案)

英美文化概况10套试题与答第一套：Ⅰ.1. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland. F2. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quitewell-known: in the world for its endless political problems. T3. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged peoplefrom Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because they wanted to increase its control over Ireland. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. F8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party. T10. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T11. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office.F13. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celti c language, called “Gaelic”F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits continuing importance in world politics. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. FⅡ.21. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? D A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? CA. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.24. What did the US mean by Containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by itsparticipation in CA. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etcD. a European federal government26. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.27. After the WWII, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the following facts except A.A. the US suffered no losses in the war.B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.C. the US had over 70% of the gold reserve of the world in its coffers.D. the US had over 50% of industrial production of the world in its hand.28. Lord Baltimore’s fe udal p lan failed NOT because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.29. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? cA. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160633. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres34. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of t he following was not an activity inShakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football37. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of AA. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. Where is the international tennis championship held? BA. WembleyB. WimbledonC. LondonD. EdinburghⅢ. 41. The Functions of Parliament42. Puritanism43. Grammar School44. The declaration of Independence45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please commenton these purposes.47. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?第二套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.F2. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes. t3. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were readyto separate themselves from Europe. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8. American foreign policy has been swinging betweenisolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party.10. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by theancient warriors. t12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. F13. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authorityfrom his subjects. F14. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63American military bases in the UK. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F18. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves thesport of boxing. F20. Wales is rich in coal deposits. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best com pletes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisionsis true? CA. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.26. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. bA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons32. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day33. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.36. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.37. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students mustmeet the following requirements except that D.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations38. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with“direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above40. Which of the following schools would admit children without referenceto their academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsⅢ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The making of Britain’s foreign policy44. The functions of Parliament45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with th第三套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.T2. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F3. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland andWales. F4. Most people in Scotland speak the o ld Celtic language, called “Gaelic”F5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.T7. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland.F8. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that areparticularly British. T9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party,formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T10. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T11. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F12. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them witha general education. F13. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits contribution in setting up the United Nations. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F19. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t20. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. FⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?CA. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricket26. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?CA. BonfiresB. The Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. Masquerades27. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is the only branch that can makefederal laws, andlevy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? CA. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing33. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center34. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth? dA. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.37. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. BA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act44. The functions of the British Parliament.45. George WashingtonⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain and the Unite concerningthe goal of education47.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point wi第四套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F2. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. F3. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F4. The most important single factor which influences Britishpolicy-makersis its history. t5. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people areCatholics.F6. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F7. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F8. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector andtuition rates, with some government support. T9. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F10. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F11. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F12. British universities are public bodies which receive funds fromcentral government. T13. In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which isgenerally regarded as the formal declaration of the implementation of the US containment foreign policy. T14. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London.F15. When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to beat the SovietUnion in the space technology race and so he initiated the Star Wars project. T16. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T17. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F18. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T19. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T20. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people22. Lord Baltimore’s feu dal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.23. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160624. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president25. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking outof its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror26. Easter commemorates D.A. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the coming of springD. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ27. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that DA. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations28. Which of the following is NOT a true description of theQueen’s role? AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.29. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education30. When was the NATO founded? DA. In 1945.B. in 1955C. In 1948D. in 194931. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in C.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government32. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans33. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China? AA. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 197134. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. The New Deal was started by A.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson36. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptB.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ37. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres38. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majorityof Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above39. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords? CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.40. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. The Open University42. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain43. The strategy of preemption 44. The functions of Parliament45. The Bill of RightsⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题共任选一题， 20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. What are some of the major powers of each of the three。

英美文化课后答案6Lecture 6 Social Life and CustomsT ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FFFTT/FFTFT 11-20: FFFFF/TTTTT 21-29: FTFFF/FTFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the public opinion; people’s morals, rule2. The Times; The Guardian; The Daily Telegraph; The Observer3. The Guardian; the Labor Party; the Conservative4. Football Association5. flat racing; hurdle racing6. American Football Conference, National Football Conference7. The New York Times; The Washington post; The Wall Street Journal; The Los Angeles Times8.2.25 million 9. candy 10. bonfires; jack-o’-lanterns 11. Football Association 12. steeplechase 13. 16 or 17 14. during the July to September quarter 15. The British LibraryChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BBDAC/DDCCA11-20: BDBCD/CCADC 21-30: DABDC/ DACBDExplain the following terms.1. TabloidTabloids always deal in some scandals and gossip of the famous people in politic s, sports or entertainment.2. BBCFor a long period, the only television programs in Britain were produced by the BBC, the British Broadcasting Company, which was funded by the sale of TV licenses. The BBC was sponsored by the national government, which broadcasts radio and television programs for domestic and foreign markets.3. WimbledonWimbledon is the place now where the best tennis players gather to compete for a championship. It is a suburb of London. The Wimbledon Cup is one of the major sports events in Britain and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Horse racingHorse racing is the true sport of British Kings and Queens. The two types of horse racing are flat racing and hurdle racing. Flat racing is racing where horse riders compete on a flat track. Hurdle racing is racing across the countryside or around the obstacles encountered.5. ChristmasChristmas is celebrated on December 25 and is the greatest of the Christian festivals. Christmas is a religious holiday during which Christians commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. There are three traditions for Christmas Day in Britain. The first is Christmas Pantomime, which is a comical musical play. Another tradition on Christmas is to hear the Queen of Britain give her Christmas message through television and radio. The third British tradition is Boxing Day whichis the day after Christmas.6. USA TodayOf all the newspapers, the most widely circulated paper in the United States is USA Today averaging over 2.25 million copies every weekday.7. All-Star GameIt is the game in which the best players from basketball teams from the eastern and western divisions display their skills. It begins in mid-February.8. ThanksgivingThanksgiving always occurs on the fourth Thursday in November at the end of the harvest season. It is a festival to express thanks for the year’s harvest. On Thanksgiving Day family members always gather for a rich dinner of roast turkey with stuffing, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie, which are traditional foods eaten on the first Thanksgiving.9. HalloweenHalloween is celebrated on October 31st, shortened from All-Hallows-Eve, the night when the ghosts of the dead walked around. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, haunted houses, reading scary stories and watching horror movies.10. Trick-or-treatingOn this day the children will dress like the character of a book or movie and go “trick-or-treating”. Children knock on neighbors’ doors asking for candy as a treat.Short Answer Questions1.These magazines often contain short stories and serials of strong romantic interest, as well aspractical advice and hints for housewives.2.These are terms which refer to the size of the paper: broadsheet being double the size tabloid.However, the term “tabloid” is traditionally associated with the popular press and concentrates on entertainment; broadsheet is associated with the quality press and places its emphasis on information and analysis.3.In the nineteenth century, students at Oxford and Cambridge, Britain’s two oldest universities,were huge fans of rowing. In 1829, the two schools agreed to hold a race against each other for the first time on the Thames River. The oxford boat won and a tradition was born.4.Shakespeare’s famous plays include tragedies, such as Hamlet (1603), Othello(1604), andKing Lear (1605); comedies, such as A midsummer Night’s Dream(1594-96) and Twelfth Night (1602); and history plays, such as Henry IV, part 1 – 2.5.Rugby League is played mainly in the north of England, and Rugby Union is played in therest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The main difference between the two is that the former (which used to be strictly amateur) is played with teams of 15 players, and the latter (which is played by amateurs and professionals) has 13 players to a team.。

英美文化课后答案2Lecture 2 HistoryTell wheher each of the following statements is true or false1-10: FTTFT/TFTFF 11-20: FTTTF/FTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Celt2. Romans3.5th4. Viking; 10665. Hundred Years’ War6. York7. divorce8.11 9. Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. America 11. 1492 12. Virginia; 1607 13. Thanksgiving Day 14. 13 15. Declaration of Independence 16. 4th of July 17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. 1865 19. World War I 20. World War II 21. Puritans, religious, Mayflower 22. Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, National Day 23. Monroe Doctrine, colonize, interfere 24. agrarian, industrial, Andrew Jackson 25. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, slavery 26. 1932, recovery, New DealChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in text.1-10: ABDCD/CBDAB 11-20: CBDCB/DCADD 21-30: BDABA/DCBCBExplain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid i n the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of t he Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’ “discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.11. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.12. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon (1561-1626): English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.13. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of parliament where King James I was present on 5 November, 1605. The plan was discovered and Guy Fawkes was caught and burnt alive. In England, 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies.14. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London (2-5 September, 1666): Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.15. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.16. John MajorJohn Major (1943- ): British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. during this administration, he advocated privatization, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.17. the First Continental CongressIn September 1774, 55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia held a meeting in Philadelphia to talk about their troubles with their mother country. The meeting was called the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrel with the British by peaceful means. They agreed to refuse to buy British goods, hoping in this way to force the British Government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise a volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.18. Louisiana PurchaseThe most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmer use of the important Mississippi River waterway, removed the French presence from the western border of US, provided US farmers with vast expanses of land, and furthered American leaders’ vision of creating a “Great Nation”.19. US-Spanish WarThe US-Spanish War broke out in April, 1898, lasted for only 70 days and ended with US as the victor. A peace treaty was signed in December 1898 in Paris. As a result of the war, Spain was forced to cede her former colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to US; US agreed to pay 20 million dollars for them in an attempt to put a good face on its foreign expansion. Cuba remained a US “protectorate”for some years, while the Philippines were not granted its independence until after the end of WW I. US seized Hawaii from Spain after the US-Spanish War. The US-Spanish War was the first imperialist war for re-dividing the world. It marked a new stage in which US transformed into an imperialist power. From that time the US began its modern history.20. roaring twentiesThe expression of “roaring twenties” is often used to describe the period of American life. The roaring twenties ushered in an exciting time of social change and economic prosperity, as the recession at the end of WW II was quickly replaced by an unprecedented period of financial growth. The stock market soared to unimaginable heights because of the so-called Second Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, which saw the development of new inventions and machines that changed American society drastically.21. Wathergate ScandalIn the presidential election year 1972, five men of the Committee for the Reelection of the President broke into the Democratic national headquarters at the Water Hotel, Washington, D.C., where they planted bugs in order to get information for the Committee. But unfortunately they were arrested. Although it was never approved that Nixon planned the Watergate break-in or that he ever knew about it beforehand, he was eventually forced out of office because he was found guilty for his effort to avoid the investigation and disclosures.。

第一章社会风俗习惯如何使用头衔，举止随意的原因，隐私的概念，感谢与道歉，被邀请时做什么，女士优先，闲谈，英国的“三三”习俗◆What titles do you use to show your respect for people?“Sir” and “madam” show respect for position and seniority.◆What suggestion does the author give to the Chinese who are in need of help in the United States?If you go to the United States and are in need of help, do not hesitate to ask for it.◆How do Americans get familiar with one another?They ask some questions about personal subjects (such as his family, job, or home) to learn what they may have in common with you or just in order to begin a conversation.◆What will happen if a person ethers a private house without permission in the United States?He is likely to be accused of trespassing or even burglary.◆What do you avoid asking when you meet a lady?Her age.◆What do the Westerners think of the Chinese students’ excessive expression of gratitude and what is overdoing apology actually considered in the Western world?Empty thanks and insincerity, an awkward behavior.◆What will an American teacher get annoyed when a Chinese student makes excessive expressions of gratitude?Because excessive expressions of gratitude gives American teacher the sense of empty thanks and insincerity, and makes him feel uncomfortable.◆What is considered an awkward behavior in the American society?Overdoing apology actually is an awkward behavior in the American society.◆What is the proper time that you should get to the place where you are invited?We should get to the place at the fixed time, or ten minutes after that.◆What do you have to do if you are likely to be 15 minutes late?We should make a telephone call to your hostess, and have a proper reason for being late.◆What is a proper gift that you should take to the hostess?Some flowers at the party. And if you are going to stay overnight or over the weekend, a book, a box of candy, a bottle of wine, or some other similar gift are proper.◆What are men expected to do when a woman guest comes into the sitting room?Men in the room are expected to stand up when she comes in.◆Where should the guest sit if the host or hostess or both of them come in a car to fetch him/her for dinner?The guest should squeeze into and sit at the front seat and leave the rear seat vacant, as the host or hostess is also the driver.◆What are the general rules that you have to follow when people speak to you?People in the States expect those whom they speak to put aside whatever they are doing and listen, and the conversation distance between two people is at least two or three feet.◆Why don’t the British try to bargain when they do shopping?Because sometimes they consider it losing face. And they just buy what they want at what they think a reasonable price, and take such a practice for granted.◆What do the three “ings” refer to?Three “ings ” refer to betting, drinking and tipping, the ending for each of which is “ing”.第二章社交礼仪与礼节表达礼貌的方式，携带礼物，公共场合的举止行为，餐桌礼仪，校园内的社会交往◆What is the common way for Americans to entertain a guest?Americans warmly welcome visitors into their homes, and try to do as many special things for a guest as time permits.◆What is a suitable gift that you should bring to a hostess if you are going to stay overnight or fora weekend?It’s customary to bring the hostess a small present—often a book, a box of candy, a bottle of wine, or some similar gift.◆Which flowers are not suitable ones as gifts according to the usual European caveat?Red roses, white lilies, or chrysanthemums.◆Why is pushing one’s way through a crowd considered quite rude in the U.S.?Because physical contact make them extremely anxious. And visitors who violate Americans’ notions concerning touching are likely to be regard as “pushy” or “aggressive”.◆What does the notion “Line up, and wait your turn.” reflect?It reflects all people are equal, in the sense that no one has the privilege of going directly to the front of a line. It also reflects their aversion to touching, which is much less likely to happen in a line than in a crowd jostling to get service.◆How do you define the notion “Don’t block the traffic”?Americans give priority to people who are moving rather than to those who are stationary.◆What should foreign smokers do before they start smoking?Asking those around them, “Do you mind if I smoke?” is a good idea, and so is acceding to the wishes of those who say they mind.◆How do you use the set of silverware at a classy dinner?Use it from the outside in.◆What is the definition of “Dutch treat”?Split the check.◆Why do Americans prefer to split the check?Because they are fond of the ideas of self-reliance and fairness. If you don’t owe me and I don’t owe you we have a nice even relationship.◆Who is usually responsible for the expenses on a date?When a man invites a woman for a date, he generally assumes responsibility for all expenses on the date. If the man continues to date the same woman, she may offer to pay part of the expenses.◆What does dating a variety of people indicate in the U.S.?It does not indicate frivolity on the part of a man or promiscuity on the part of a woman, but on reasonable accord.第三章生活方式与风格生活节奏，友谊模式，住房，开车，住在郊区的美国人，英国人的闲暇时光和私生活◆Why is American society said to “be ruled by the clock”?Everything is done in orderly fashion or by means of schedule.◆What do most Americans do when they find that you are a stranger?Most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you.◆What is the most outstanding characteristic of the contemporary United States society? Perhaps the most outstanding characteristic of the contemporary United States society is its diversity.◆What is the foreigners’ comment on the Americans’ materialism?Some foreigners view this as a “lack of appreciation for the spiritual or human aspects of life”, while others see it as a way of assuring the continuation of comparatively high standard of living in the country.◆Where can a foreign student gain the detailed information on local housing options?The foreign student adviser, the housing office of the institution, bulletin boards located in dormitories, cafeterias, libraries, etc.◆What does a foreign student have to do before signing a contract?He should study it carefully or ask a lawyer or some other knowledgeable person to read it, and examine the apartment carefully.◆What is the common form of paying the rent of an apartment or a house?Rents are normally payable one month in advice, usually on the first day of each month.◆Why does a foreign student have to pay a deposit before moving into an apartment or a house? For the damages during one’s occupancy.◆What do American traffic laws generally cover?American traffic laws cover the same subjects that traffic laws elsewhere cover: who can legally drive, minimum and maximum speeds, turning, parking, entering moving traffic, responding to emergency vehicles, vehicle maintenance, and so on.◆What are American people’s attitudes toward traffic laws?Generally, Americans expect traffic laws to be enforced.◆What does an American do once he has reached home?He is interested in working to improve it—making things, mending things, and work on the car —to make it as pleasant as possible.◆What does the American new suburb recreate?The new suburb recreates the sense of community of the old country village.◆Why do the British often visit the fish—and—chip shop?Because it’s possible to buy over the counter a piece of fried fish and potatoes.◆Which place is as British as pubs in Great Britain?The teashop is almost as British as the pub.◆Where do middle class people in Britain prefer to go to spend their leisure hours and why?To saloon bars, which are more comfortable and less crowded.第四章食品与饮食习惯饮食习俗，传统的英国食品，与美国人共餐◆What is America described as? And why?America is describe d as a “melting pot”. Because of its diversity.◆What is the warning to a diner before he/she enters a restaurant in a city?Never judge by appearance, which may be misleading. Those that look small and informal may really be very expensive; and those that look large and expensive may just be ordinary.◆Where can a person get a quick and inexpensive meal?A variety of informal eating places, such as snack bars, coffee shops, cafeteria, drugstore restaurants, and so on.◆What is American food like in general?In general, American food is mild tasting; most Americans do not season their food to any great degree.◆What does a main course include?The main course served in American meals is usually meat, fish, or poultry, but rarely is more than one of these served at the same meal.◆What are the other popular drinks apart from coffee and tea?Besides tea and coffee, other drinks popular in America are cola, milk and milk drinks called milkshakes, fruit juices, and other mild drinks.◆What are the most popular fast food in the U.S.?Hot dogs and hamburgers are the most popular fast food in the U.S.◆What helped the English to add a number of colorful foreign words to the vocabulary and foreign dishes to the table in the Victorian time?The Victorian tendency to send splendidly choleric officials to war and rule over far-flung corners of the empire, and then later to retire them to the home countries, add a number of colorful foreign words to the vocabulary and foreign dishes to the table.◆Why do the English tend to underrate their own food and slight their cookery?Because it is homely and familiar.◆What are the traditional English food that may impress foreigners?The puddings and cakes are the things that a foreigner will remember the most.◆What are the three ways that the American people prepare their food?Boiled in water, grilled, and deep-fried.◆What are usually served as the main course?Usually a piece of chicken or steak or a slice of ham, with a few fried potatoes and some peas, or whatever, boiled to a pulp.◆What do American people usually do after dinner?Invite you to the living room to talk for two or three hours.第五章传统节日及其历史新年，四月愚人节，复活节的象征物，传统万圣节和万圣节的变化，感恩节的历史和现代感恩节，圣诞节◆Who was Janus? Did it have anything to do with January?Janus was the Roman god of beginnings and endings. The month January was named for Janus.◆How did the custom of the Tournament of Roses Parade get started?In 1890, some people living in sunny and warm Pasadena, California picked flowers from their gardens and put them on their horses and buggies, and on New Year’s Day drove through their small town of Pasadena.◆What do the majority of Americans and New Yorker do on New Year’s Eve?It was a time to think back over the past year, and especially of your sins and failures.◆How did April Fools’ Day develop into an international fun feast?The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century, and it was later introduced to the American colonies of both the England and French.◆What do people usually do on April Fool’s Day?They play practical jokes on other people.◆What rules should we obey when we play tricks on April Fools’ Day?An April Fools’ joke must always be done in kindness, and only to a fr iend. It should be what is called “good clean fun.”◆Why is there such a symbol as the Easter Bunny?The symbol originated with the pagan festival of Easter.◆Why is the egg used as the Easter symbol?Because from the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures.◆What do adults often do for Halloween?They take part in Halloween costume party at hotel or home.◆What are American people supposed to do on Thank-giving Day?Americans give thanks to God for the grace and mercy He has granted, acknowledging His blessings toward us throughout the year.◆What are the Four F’s concerning the modern Thanks-giving Day?Food, family, football and friends.◆What does it mean by a white Christmas?What we mean by a white Christmas is an old-fashioned Christmas or a traditional New England Christmas. There will be snow, and there will be a traditional white New England church.◆Why do American people have a tree at Christmas?Because one thing that most homes in America have at Christmas time is a Christmas tree.◆Why is it said that sports business is a big business in America?Sports games require clothing, supplies, equipments that can be quite costly experience, and some companies make big profits by advertising their products on TV, newspapers, magazines, etc.◆Americans’ casual wear and behavior in routine life best display their characteristic of informality. (T)◆You’d better not to ask people in the Western countries such questions as marriage ,status ,income ,religious belief ,or choice of voting ,etc. (T)◆The British do not expect or welcome bargaining because they consider it insensitive and offensive. (F)◆Americans do not expect you to show your courtesy in return, for they are understanding and enjoy welcoming you and feel pleased if you accept their friendship easily. (T)◆A host/hostess usually offers additional serving to the guests by passing the dish containing food from one person to another. (F)◆Americans’ preference to splitting the check fully in dicates their stinginess. (F)◆The relationship of the individuals of the opposite sex may lead to casual acquaintance, a type of friendship or a passionate involvement or even marriage. (T)◆Both of the boy (man) and the girl (woman) in American have the responsibility for the expenses on the date. (F)◆You may miss smiles and brief conversations with people in the American cities where everyone appears in a hurry. (T)◆As Americans live in a mobile and ever-changing society in which people tend to avoid deep involvements with others, they tend to have casual friendship. (T)◆When struggling for their status and wealth, Americans usually ignore the spiritual or human aspect of life. (F)◆Driving in the US entails not only mechanical manipulations of an automobile, but customary styles of driving. (T)◆People of all classes in Britain prefer to go to pub, in which they will have great fun and free talk in their private hours. (F)◆Restaurants on campus and on the outskirts of towns attract students, drivers and motorists because they are convenient and serve large portion of good and filling food at low prices. (T)◆The English people tend to underrate their own food and slight their cookery because their national cuisine is simple and awful. (F)◆The English enthusiastic adoption of foreign food has enriched their cuisine, and they have almost made some foreign food national dishes. (T)◆The tradition of holding an “Open House” on New Year’s Day was brought into America by Dutch immigrants and the customs of d ressing up in special costumes for New Year’s Day parade and eating baked ham were brought by Swedish immigrants. (T)◆The rules for the game of Easter Egg Roll are:a) To see who can roll an egg the longest time.b) To see who can make the egg roll without breaking in on a rough and windy road. (F)◆Americans’ interest in spectator sports seems really excessive and even obsessive to many foreign visitors. (T)◆The American government is not allowed to operate a radio or TV station to reach American people, because American people fear that the government might take the advantage of media to influence voters in elections. (T)◆A person’s privacy is viewed as an individual territory or private property that no one can share without permission in the US.◆“Avoiding excess at the dinner table” is viewed as “modesty”, which is the hallmark of the common people in the Western world.◆In the United States, there is a widespread practice of making “small talk” in certain social situations. Small talk deals with various topics superficially, simple for the sake of keeping a conversation going.◆Americans do not show visitors great quantity of special courtesy if doing so requires much of their time.◆In American, dating a variety of members of opposite sex does not indicate frivolity on part ofa man or promiscuity on part of a woman.◆City people in America always appear in a hurry and tend to be impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. They lead a fast paced life.◆The notable characteristics: Individualism, Informality, Casual Friendship, Time Consciousness, and Materialism best describe attitudes and practices that common among the American people.◆On the arrival in the US, a foreign student should gain further information on local housing options, and some knowledge of types of housing, rent, utilities, facilities, transit service, etc. before signing a contract.◆Traffic accidents in the US are usually considered to result from carelessness, or mechanical failures, and not from “fate”, “God’s will”, or other forces beyond human control.◆A great number of colorful foreign words have been brought into the English language, and many foreign dishes have gradually been adopted and anglicized since the Great Britain’s colonial time.◆The Chinese woman found that eating American meals most troublesome. She could neither appreciate the food prepared by the Americans nor understand Americans’ talk and laugh after the dinner.◆A New Year’s resolution is a determination to yourself to improve in some way in the coming new year.◆Easter is now a festival less religious and people in the Western countries celebrate it just for fun and enjoy it with the Easter Symbols-Easter Bunny, Easter Egg, and Easter flowers.◆On Halloween night, people dress up in different costumes, wear masks, and yell “trick or treat!” at the doors of their neighbors’ houses.◆Sports and recreation absorb a huge amount of Americans’ emotion, as well as their time, and in some cases, money.◆Marking noise while eating is considered as ill-bred, and a person who does so may offend those who are having dinner with him/her.◆When invited to a dinner, you should not express your disapproval or dislike of certain foods. Either eat it or pass it over quietly. Eat it if you like and set it aside if you dislike it.◆When purchasing a car, it is advisable for the foreign student to be accompanied by an American who is familiar with the procedures involved, price ranges, and so forth.◆The most refined action of “please pass me the salt/pepper.” is not about the efficiency but requires the greatest number of steps to carry it out.◆President Nixon had to resign mainly because reporters for Washington Post newspaper revealed that the president had lied when he was asked about the Watergate burglary.。

1、What was the British Empire?What do you know about it?In what way is the Empire still felt in British and in the international field?and how are the old colonies connected at present?（大英帝国是什么?你知道些什么呢?以何种方式是帝国还觉得在英国和在国际领域吗?目前,旧殖民地是如何连接的?）1)The British Empire comprised the dominions,colonies,protectora tes,mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the Uni ted kingdom.大英帝国的领土组成,殖民地,保护国、授权和其他领土或由英国统治。

2)The effect of the old imperial role loes in 4 aspects.First,Britain still have a close relationship with the countries which uesd to be a part of empire in a organization called Commonwealth of Nations.Second,Britain had been a member of European Union since 1973,which is more important today in Britain's international relationship.Third,Britain is still a relatively wealthy country and member of the Group of Seven large developed economies.Fourth,the obvious effect lies in the make-up population.Immigration from some of those Commonwealth countries has produced a population which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.旧帝国的影响作用卫矛在4个方面。

各位同学：问答题第2题What are the elements and functions of British government? Discuss the role of each element and explain chiefly.这道题去掉.改为学习手册英国文化第一章的问答题Why is it not easy to talk about a typical Englishman? State the reasons from the historical points of view.It’s not easy to talk about a typical Englishman, because, from the historical point of view, the English are descended from so many different peoples who all came and settled in England at some time or other.The Celts came from central and north-western Europe between 700 and 200 BC. Then the Romans invaded England in 55 BC. The Celtic-Roman culture had been well-established when the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes came. From AD 450 to 600 they gradually took control of most of the country, became Christians and settled down as farmers and came to be the basis of modern English race.Next, came the invasion of the Viking Danes from Scandinavia. They too settled, intermarried and fused with the local population.In AD 1066, William of Normandy invaded England from France. The French-speaking conquerors intermarried with the ruling Saxon families. At that time, French influence grew so strong that many aspects of England’s social and cultural life became totally French.After England became a Protestant country in the 16th century, it became a refuge for other Protestants from Catholic States who were being persecuted for their faith.Over the centuries, many other refugees suffering from political and religious persecution have found a home in England and their specific skills, as well as their languages, have enriched the English economy and culture. Great migrations also occurred in this century until the Commonwealth Immigrants Acts came into effect in 1962.英国文化课后题答案Unit one1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the NorthernIreland2.55BC3. inventive, hard-working , serious-minded andcautious with money4.love of music and poetry, a great feeling for the music ofwords5.10,0006. Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Dylan Thomas ,Gwyn Thomas, Jonathan Swift , Oscar Wilde6.Angles, Saxons , JutesIII. DDBABUnit Two1.The Crusades2. Columbus , Vasco d a·Gama2.Hundred Years’ War3.Parliament, the king 5. Charles Darwin7.the great slump 7. the League of Nations, the New UnitedNations OrganizationIII. BDACDUnit Three1.AD 587 10662. latin, Germanic3. Norman French4.Anglo-saxon, Latin, French5. Middle, Modern5.AD 1500 7. BBC annoucersIII. DACCUnit Four1.Elizabeth the Second2. On her majesty’s service3.the Most Noble Order of the Garter4.the head of the Church of England5.Acts of Parliament, the prerogative of the Crown, Coventions of the Constitution, common law, Parliamentary Privilege6. 5, 6357.the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons8. the Queen in Parliament 9. the final appeal court in civil cases and criminal cases except criminal cases in Scotland10. make laws, to control and criticize the executive government, control the raising and spending of money11. the Lord Chancellor 12. The Prime Minister13. the Queen in Parliament, cabinet, the House of Commons, ParliamentIII. BCADCAUnit five1.coal, water power2. the Second World War , the Bank ofEngland, coal, civil aviation 3. Labour 4. a nation of shopkeepers 5. the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North SeaIII. ADDAAUnit Six1.the Anglo-Saxon, epic of Beowulf, 6th2.P114 4段3.P114 6段4. Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton6.Thomas More , Utopia 6. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, The Taming of the Shrew, A Mid Summer Nights’Dream, As you like it, Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV parts I and II7.Essays 8. Paradise Lost , Paradise Regained, SamsonAgonistes 9. Pilgrim’s Progress 10. Jonathan Swift11. London and the Vanity of Human Wishes 12. Robert Burns 13.Robinson Crusoe 14. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats 15. Jane Auston, Charlotte Bronte ,Emily Bronte16. Robert Louis Stevenson, Lewis Carroll, William Makepeace Thackeray, David Copperfield, Pockwich Papers, George Eliot, Oscar Wilde, the Return of the Native, Tess of the D’urbervilles 17. James Joyce , Ulysses, George Bernard ShawIII. DACAA DAADDUnit Seven1.Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church2.the Old Testament , the New Testament3.the Queen , the Archbishop of Canterbury4.God, Jesus, Holy Spirit5.presbyterian6.the Pope in Rome7.the Methodist Church, Congregational Church, the BaptistChurch, the Presbyterian, Quakers8.humbler of lifeunit 81.ill-bred2.modesty, conceit3.a sense of humor4.sportsmanshipunit 91.5, 152.Christmas, Easter, summer3.the selective, the comprehensive4.Eton, Harrow, Rugby5.freedom6.Oxford, Cambridge7.Glasgow Aberdeen8.London University9.Leeds, Lancaster10.e xclusiveness11.A CDDUnit 101.the insurance fund2.the first3.P188 第二段倒数第六行4.14 Regions ，a university medical school, 72 areas5.has made its weekly contributions to the fund6.5, 19 monthsIII. CABA美国文化Unit 41.Irving and Cooper2.Poe , The Fall of the House of Usher3.a small town 20 miles northwest of Boston ,Ralph WaldoEmerson, Henry David Thoreau ,Nathaniel Hawthorne4.Nature, The American Scholar, Self-Reliance5.Walden6.Scarlet Letter7.Melville8.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.Theodore Dreiser10.T he Great Gatesby , a man at the end of his youth ,striving torecapture a beautiful dream he once believed in11.D os Passos12.T he Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom13.The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom theBell Tolls14.John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison15.E ugene O’Neill Long Day’s Journey into Night III. CADBD BCCA D BC。

英美文化课后答案Chapter7英美文化课后答案7Lecture 7T ell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1-10: FTFTT/FTTFT 11-20: TFTFT/TFTTTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Old English2. The Canterbury Tales3. The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus4. William Shakespeare5. historical plays; comedies6. P. B. Shelley; William Wordsworth7. Sense and Sensibility8. Oliver Twist9. The Heart of Darkness 10. stream of consciousness 11. the Transcendentalist Club 12. Natty Bumpoo 13. Moby Dick 14. Walt Whitman 15. The Red Badge of Courage 16. King of the English 17. Lord Protector 18. Princess Diana 19. Alchemist 20. calculus, gravitation 21. religious, interpretation 22. Boz 23. clerk, potential 24. florid, poetic 25. Locomotive 26. instructor 27. James Bond Series 28. satirist, boom, 1960s 29. Julie Andrews 30. big, gigantic 31. John Peel 32. The Lady with the Lamp 33. land, water 34. George Washington 35. New Deal 36. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 37. George Walker Bush 38. Barack Hussein Obama 39. Martin Luther King 40. Ray Kroc 41. Disneyland Park 42. William Henry Bill Gates 43. The Sketch BookChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1-10: BACCA/DABDB 11-20: CABBA/CDCAD 21-30:CBADC/BACBA31-32: CDExplain the following terms.1. The Canterbury TalesChaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is made up of a series of stories. These stories are told by pilgrims who were on their way to the important Christian church at Canterbury. Although these tales are incomplete, they cover all major types of medieval literature. It contains almost all the typical medieval figures. It isa miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time.2.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is probably the best known literary figure in the world. His many plays include tragedies, comedies and history plays. Shakespeare created four great tragedies. Hamlet is the most performed play in the world. Shakespeare is regarded as one of the founders of realism in the world literature.3. Jane EyreJane Eyre tells the story of an orphan, who has a loveless childhood at a terrible boarding school. When she grows up, she goes to work for Mr. Rochester as a governess to his child. Mr. Rochester becomes attracted to her because of her independence and free spirit.4. Tess of the D’UrbervillesThis story tells the tragic fate of Tess, a beautiful country girl. Tess is seduced by Alec D’urbervilles and has an illegitimate baby. She meets Angel Clare and they fall in love with each other. However, she is abandoned by Angel when he knows her past story. Tess has no choice butto live with Alec because her father dies and the family is starving. Later Angel regrets how he abandoned Tess and comes back to find her. Tess kills Alec in strong despair and greatmadness.5. Stream of consciousnessIn literary critic ism, “stream of consciousness” is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.6. TranscendentalismTranscendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Among transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.7. The lost generationThis is a term coined by author and poet, Gertrude Stein. Often it is used to refer to a group of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe, some after military service in the First World War. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound. The Lost Generation captures the zeitgeist of the time period: disillusionment.8. Moby DickIt is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces. This is a story about a whaling voyage. The hero Ishmael went out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain, Ahab, lost one leg on a previous voyage when he met the white whale Moby Dick, so he was determined to kill the white whale. At last MobyDick appeared and Captain Ahab ordered his ship to fight with it. All the crew were drowned except Ishmael, who survived to tell the story.9. Mark TwainMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Twain had an American sense of humor; he dealt with the lower strata of society. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success and its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, became his masterwork. Mark Twain made colloquial speech a literary medium. This is his great contribution to American literature. His style influenced writers who followed, like Sherwood Anderson and Ernest Hemmingway.10. The Great GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece is The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald created a myth out of American life from his personal experience. Gatsby falls in love with Daisy, but he is too poor to marry her. Daisy married Tom Buchanan. In order to win his love back, Gatsby began bootlegging and other activities to make a big fortune. But finally he found Daisy was not the ideal love of his dreams. He had a strong sense of loss and disillusionment.11. Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era. He became one of the best-known film stars in the world before the end of the First World War. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Loveonwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing, and from 1918 composing the music. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.12. John LennonJohn Lennon (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles, and together with Paul McCartney formed one of the most successful songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, his writing, on film, and in interviews, and became controversial through his work as a peace activist. He moved to New Y ork City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while his songs were adapted as anthems by the anti-war movement. Disengaging himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to his family, Lennon reemerged in 1980 with a comeback album, Double Fantasy, but was murdered three weeks after its release.13. David BeckhamDavid Beckham (born 2 May 1975) is an English footballer who currently plays in midfield for Los Angeles Galaxy in Major League Soccer, having previously played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, and Milan, as well as the England national team, for whom he holds the all-time appearance record for an outfield player.Beckham has twice been runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Y ear and in 2004 was the world's highest-paid footballer when taking into account salary and advertising deals. Beckham was the first British footballer to play 100Champions League matches. He was Google's most searched of all sports topics in both 2003 and 2004. With such global recognition he has become an elite advertising brand and a top fashion icon. When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given the highest player salary in the league's history, with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth $6.5m per year.14. James WattJames Watt (19 January 1736 –25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.15. Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. A Christian universalist, Nightingale believed that God had called her to be a nurse. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where shetended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment, in 1860, of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, the first secular nursing school in the world. The Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses was named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday.Translation1. 值得怀疑的是在人们最需要开心、快乐与放松的时候，是否能有人比卓别林带给人们更多的欢乐。

英美文化课后答案1Lecture 1 GeographyTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: TTTFF/FTFTT11-20: FTFFF/TFFFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the North Sea, the English Channel2. Great Britain, Ireland3. the highland zone, the lowland zone4. the Republic of Ireland5. London6. Buckingham Palace7. the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh9. the British Isles 10. Scotch whiskey 11. fourth 12. Canada, Mexico 13. Pacific Ocean 14. the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains 15. cold, mild 16. Christopher Columbus, George Washington 17. Wall Street 18. San Francisco 19. the Oscars 20. Walk of Fame 21. English Channel 22. North Sea, Atlantic Ocean 23. cooler, rainfall, sunlight 24. Highlands 25. 11.8 26. 58.4, 239 27. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 28. English, Gaelic, Welsh 29. established 30. free, Baptist, the United Reformed Church, Methodists, Quaker 31. Reformation 32. Christians 33. Sabbath 34. metric, monetary 35. Canada; Mexico; Russia 36. 1783 37. Russia; Canada; China 38. north-central; four 39. tropical; volcanic islands 40. “Father of Waters”; “Old Man River”, the Rockies; the Gulf of Mexico 41. the Mississippi River; the Columbia River 42. the Great Lakes, lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Canada 43. the west, the USA, Mexico, Canada 44. hurricanesChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stted in the text.1-10: BDBDC/ADCAA 11-20: ABDBA/CCBAB 21-30: ABDDA/BCCDA 31-40: CADAA/BCBABExplain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the U.K. mainly consists of these two islands.2.LondonLondon is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburg h is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside severalother arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the U.S.6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.7. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is that part of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and also the Northern part of Ireland. The full title of the United Kingdom is therefore “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.8. The highland zoneThe highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. And the highest elevations in the Britain Isles are in the highland zone. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9. The lowland zoneThe lowland zone in the south and east of Britain consists mostly of rolling plains with a gentle, undulating surface and extensive areas of almost-level ground. It receives less rain and more sunshine than the highland zone and much of the soil in the zone is fertile. Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone.10. The Pennine ChainThe Pennine Chain is the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260km north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending in the Midlands of central England. It is made up of several broad, rolling, windswept moorlandsseparated by deep river valleys. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of the Pennie Chain, where there are many coalfields.11. ThamesThe Thames is the second longest river in Britain. It is 338km long, and flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.12. The Church of EnglandIt is the established church of the English nation, with the king or queen as the head of the Church and being crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster.13. Free ChurchesThey are Protestant churches outside the Church of England, including Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Quakers and Methodists. They suffered religious and political persecution in the 17th century, and were excluded from many offices and places, until the early 19th century. They were once called “dissenters” and “non-conformists”, now they are called members of Free Churches.14. EasterIt is a Christian festival, kept on the first Sunday after the first full moon of the vernal equinox, commemorating Christ’s resurrection. Parents usually color hard-boiled eggs before Easter. Late Saturday night or early Sunday morning the eggs are hidden, and the children have an Easter egg. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them.15. Westminster AbbeyIt is an ancient church where kings and queens are crowned and where, particularly in Poets’Corner, many famous men and women are buried.16. ReformationIt began as a political movement as much as a religious one: when the Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and dissolved the monasteries. Protestantism, of a Calvinist type, was introduced under Edward VI, Mary I brought a catholic reaction, but with Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate protestant basis.。

第1部分英国文化第1章谁是英国人I.Explain each of the following in English1.The Scottish Highlanders【答案】The Scottish Highlander consider himself the’true’Scot and he wears his national dress,the kilt,with pride.They are a proud,independent and hardy people who mainly live by farming sheep in the mountain areas.2.The British Isles【答案】The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain,Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles.There are two sovereign states located on the islands:the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.The National Eisteddfod【答案】The National Eisteddfod takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisteddfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh;the winner is crowned Bard,considered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard【答案】In medieval Gaelic and British culture,a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron,such as a monarch or nobleman,to commemorate the patron’s ancestors and to praise the patron’s own activities.5.Northern Ireland(Ulster)【答案】In1922,Ireland was partitioned.The26countries of southern Ireland became the Irish Free State,later re-named the Republic of Eire.The six countries of Ulster,in the north,remained part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament, Stormont,responsible for internal affairs.6.Oliver Cromwell【答案】He was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,Scotland and Ireland.7.William III【答案】William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth.From1672he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland,Utrecht,Gelderland,and Over Ijssel of the Dutch Republic.From1689he reigned as William III over England and Ireland;it is a coincidence that his regna number(III)was the same for both Orange and England.As King of Scotland,he is known as William II.He is informally known by sections of the population inNorthern Ireland and Scotland as“King Billy”.In what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”,on5November1688William invaded England in an action that ultimately deposed King James II&VII and won him the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland.In the British Isles,William ruled jointly with his wife,Mary II, until her death on28December1694.The period of their joint reign is often referred to as“William and Mary”.8.The Orange Day celebrations【答案】(1)Celebrations held by Protestants on12August each year in Northern Ireland to commemorate the battle of the Royne in1690when the Protestant King William III(William of Orange)crushed a Catholic rebellion in Londonderry.(2)The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marchers and Catholic bystanders.9.The Provisional IRA【答案】(1)IRA,the Irish Republican Army,is a nationalist organization dedicated to the unification of Ireland.(2)It was organized in1919.(3)In1969it split into an“official”majority,which disclaimed violence,and a terrorist”provisional”wing,whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, random bombings,and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10.The Peace People【答案】(1)In the summer of1976Betty Williams,a Protestant house-wife,was so horrified at the killing of two children by a running IRA car that she decided to organize the women of Ulster,both Protestant and Catholic,into a pressure group.(2)It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her catholic partner,Corrigan,soon gathered thousands of followers despite threats and intimidation from both sides.(3)They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of1976the two leaders were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.11.William the Conqueror【答案】In AD1066William of Normandy(William the conqueror)landed with a large armed force on the south coast and won a great victory over the Saxons.He and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to the country.II.Fill in the blanks.1.The full name of the United Kingdom is_____.【答案】the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

英美文化概况考研真题答案一、选择题1. 英国的国教是：A. 天主教B. 东正教C. 新教D. 伊斯兰教答案：C2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月4日D. 4月16日答案：A3. 英国文学史上最著名的戏剧家是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 威廉·莎士比亚C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 托马斯·哈代答案：B4. 美国的首都是：A. 纽约B. 华盛顿特区C. 洛杉矶D. 芝加哥答案：B5. 英国的君主立宪制开始于：A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 法国大革命D. 美国独立战争答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是_________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的宪法制定于_________年。

答案：17873. 英国的第二大城市是_________。

答案：曼彻斯特4. 美国的国花是_________。

答案：玫瑰5. 英国的议会分为_________和_________。

答案：上议院下议院三、简答题1. 简述英国的工业革命对世界的影响。

答案：英国的工业革命是18世纪末至19世纪初的一场重大经济和社会变革，它极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化进程，改变了人类的工作和生活方式。

工业革命还推动了全球贸易的发展，加速了资本主义经济体系的形成，并对全球的政治、经济格局产生了深远的影响。

2. 描述美国的文化多元性。

答案：美国是一个文化多元的国家，其文化多元性主要体现在种族、宗教、语言和社会习俗等方面。

美国汇聚了来自世界各地的移民，形成了一个包容各种文化和价值观的社会。

这种多元性不仅丰富了美国的文化生活，也促进了创新和社会进步。

四、论述题1. 论述英美两国在教育体系上的差异。

答案：英国和美国在教育体系上存在一些显著的差异。

英国的教育体系较为传统和统一，强调学术性和等级制度，而美国的教育体系则更为灵活和多样化，强调创新和实践能力。

英国的大学教育通常为期三年，而美国的大学教育则为四年。