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常见 后缀
名词后缀:表达特殊含义
-hood: childhood, neighborhood, motherhood, 性质,时期
daughterhood
-ship :friendship, leadership,
身份
-ism: socialism, materialism
主义
-ache: toothache, headache
佳一中2016高一英语组
词汇专题(一) 常用词缀
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学
习
目
标
1、了解词根词缀的基本功能 2、学习常见词缀及其含义 3、提升利用词根词缀扩展词汇量的能力
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词根词缀的基本功能 词根:决定词的主体含义
前缀:一般改变词义
词缀
后缀:一般改变词性
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常
见
前
缀
否定前缀:
un- : unexpected, unable, uncommon, unreal, unnatural dis-: disorder, distrust, dishonest mis-: mistake, misunderstand, misuse im-: impossible, in-:inexperienced, independent, inexpensive il-:illegal ir-:irregular anti-: anti-war anti-nature
名词后缀:表人 -ant: assistant, applicant -ist: novelist, specialist -mate: classmate, roommate -ian: musician, historian
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EX1. Add a negative prefix to each group to create words with opposite meaning. __dis__-appear ability agree honest __un__-usual expected willing happy lucky fortunately __in__-correct capable visible experienced __im__-possible polite mature __non__-stop smokers __mis__-understand take fortune lead
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(2) adj.→n.
sad →sadness dark→darkness
different→diffence important→importance
able→ability
active→_activityt agree→ agreement
govern→government decide---decision
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micro-: microwave, Microsoft bi-:bicycle tri-: tricycle, triangle multi-: multicultural en-: enlarge, enrich, encourage
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常
见
后
缀
形容词后缀:
-able: acceptable, usable, reasonable -ous: anxious, curious -ish: selfish, reddish, childish -al/ -ual / -cal : actual, spiritual, medical, practical -ive: active, objective, -ful: painful, handful, mouthful
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常
见
后
缀
动词后缀: -en: soften, harden, widen -ize: realize, organize, -fy: simplify,beautify
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常见 后缀
名词后缀: -ion/ tion/ ation: imagination, operation,
trasportation -ce/ ance: importance, acceptance -ty: difficulty, curiosity, -th: growth, truth, width, -ment: experiment, argument -ness: kindness, rudeness, happiness -some: handsome, tiresome, troublesome
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EX3. Add Suffix to each of the following words to change the part of speech. (1) n.→ adj.
hand→handful mouth→mouthful attract→attractive act→active value→valuable unforget→unforgettable cloud→cloudy fog→foggy nature→natural nation→national danger→dangerous fame→famous child→childish self→selfish
invent→invention suggest→suggestion
celebrate→celebration pollute→pollution
explain→explanation exam→examination
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(4) 表示“人” dance→dancer piano→pianist visit→visitor
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常
见
前
缀
re- : restart, repeat, repay pre-: pre-reading, preshow, prepare post-:post-reading, postwar inter: international, internet
over- : overbook, overwork, overhear co-: co-worker, cooperate auto-: automobile trans- : transport , transform , sub-: subway , subtitle