英汉文化差异对翻译的影响

Language, culture and translationPosted:2011-4-18 14:53:00 views:23971Abstract: language and Culture are inextricably linked, the language is rich in Culture, do not have the cultural connotation of the language is non-existent. Cross-cultural language communication and cultural differences are often subject to interference. Cultural differences often become translated obstacles, the translator must deal with the differences between language and Culture issues, the spread of cultural translation to truly become a medium.Paper Keywords: language, Culture, cultural awareness, translationTranslation is not only related to language problems, but also involves cultural issues. Translator not only to understand foreign Culture s, but also in-depth understanding of their cultures, and to continue to compare the two cultures, the meaning of their own culture, role, scope , emotional, a proper understanding of the impact of in order to avoid ambiguity due to cultural differences, fall into the trap translation.First, the language, culture and translationCulture refers to the history of a country or nation, customs, traditions and customs, way of life, literature and art, ways of thinking and values combined. Language and culture are inseparable, the language is rich in cultural content, cultural content not available The language does not exist. different countries have different languages, cultural practices, each language reflects a culture that produced it, so any form of language has a certain culture. cross-cultural communication is often the language interference by the cultural differences. because the language is very sensitive to social and cultural development, any change will be reflected in the language. on social and cultural development and change is not clear, it can not reflect a thorough understanding of its language. from the linguistic point of view language as a symbol system, often with a particular cultural system closely linked. Language is the carrier of culture, cultural and deeply rooted in the language. Language is not only a reflection of culture, but also the direct control of a culture effective tool. If a particular cultural system is not the appropriate knowledge and understanding, it will affect their understanding of language and appropriate use.Humans have their own culture and cultural exchanges. Exchanges and promotethe development of a country, a nation, if not as subjective or objective reasons, the long period of isolation, a state of occlusion, more or less can be obtained from the exchange benefits. modern international cultural exchange, even based on an unprecedented scale, content, form and means, directly or indirectly in carrying on. It can be said, in modern countries, absolutely free from foreign influence is not the inherent cultural exist.Cross-cultural exchange and must be translated. No translation, no cross-cultural communication. Countries, cultural exchanges between different ethnic groups, both for the countries, the prosperity of each nation's own culture, but also enriched the world culture, promoting the world civilization development. can be seen, language, culture, translation between closely related and inseparable.Second, cultural differences - barriers of translationTranslation between Languages as a communication, it is not only the language of the conversion process, but also the culture of the transplant process. Translator, as the main body of this process should not only be proficient in the original language and translation of human language in both languages, and should proficient in both languages reflect the culture. any two societies have cultural overlap. But in addition to other similarities, different cultures have their own characteristics. English and Chinese are two different languages, between cultural differences constitute an obstacle to communication. in cross-cultural translation, the translator faced with a mother tongue different from their alien language and culture, often met with some in their own language, culture and social values can not understand or can not explain things, objects or ideas, this cross-cultural confusion in translation practice is common. such as: new television series in English <<College situation>> (Bos-tonPublic) in the dialogue saying "No, youdidn'tdisturbUS. Wewerejustchewingthefat. "Chewtheaft does not refer to chew the fat, the real meaning of" gossip. "Therefore, the sentence should be translated as," No, you did not bother us. We're just gossip. "Another example: just before pay day, it was suggested over the weekend sumptuous meal on the restaurant with everyone. a Chinese women want to lose weight, good wear recently bought a skirt, put off, said: "No, Idon'tthinkIcanmakeit .1 wanttotightenmybeh." Later, her friend whispered: "If you do not hand the recent convenient, What I Can I help you? "The lady was asked a confused, explain only half a day to understand. the original," tightenmybelt "economic constraints, must live frugally. For example:" Theharvestwasbadlastyear, weallhadtotightenourbelts. "( poor harvest last year, we have to tighten their belts to survive.)It seems the trouble caused by cultural differences really a lot of merits further analysis.1. Cultural differences affect access to information because the listener is often the speaker over the literal meaning of words, convey a cultural factors with the implicit intent. For example: Thatguy'SgotaMidastouch. As a listener, we must first understand what Midastouch.Although we know that it comes from the Greek story, Midastouch refers to the Greek King Midas the Golden Touch (theGoldenTouch), but not enough to fully understand the cultural connotation of the phrase, can not get the speaker's message. We also need to combine social context (such as business activities), and ultimately to infer the intent of this sentence is that it will be the man to do business, he is not spending too much effort, it will be like waving as easy money.2. English two nations under the influence in their respective cultures derived from different methods and reasoning patterns speculative, this difference will lead them in the language have different associations. Communication, such as not pay attention to these cultural differences, the two sides, will make that barriers to communication, caused by poor transmission of information between each other. For example: English adultbooks a word, literally, this is "Adult" is a "book", put together naturally, which means "adult book" of . However, such reasoning out the answer is its literal meaning. from the cultural connotation of terms, it is actually "pornographic book (s)" synonymous. the original in Western society, pornographic books flooding the market, in order to cover for them, this euphemism Words come into being. Another example seniorcitizens term, many students say it without thinking refers to "a social status of citizens." In fact, senior and social status where there is no direct contact. The Chinese have respect the old tradition, people often Yilaomailao. and Westerners do not want other people who said that he older, but do not want to grow old, old age means alone, so, on the "citizens" sounds glamorous preceded by the letters of the word senior.On the sort of words, if we only pay attention to the literal meaning, ignoring its social and cultural meaning or significance, it is difficult to really understand and correctly use. In cross-cultural verbal communication and does not understand the language of the load of this "cultural information", effective communication will inevitably disrupted. If people literally on the other, and between culture andother random equate to "milkyway" as "Milky Way", that is not understand astronomy and laughable.3. Cultural differences between East and West caused a cultural connotation does not correspond to the formation of a cultural gap between the phenomenon of language, there has been a lot of "cultural gap word."Listen: With the deepening of economic reform, this city, formerly known as the Far East, financial, economic and trade center of the city is promoting the development of the Yangtze River plays a leading role in the economy.PRESIDENT: Withitsdeepeningeconomicreform, hiscity, formallycrownedasthefinancial, economicandrade huboftheFarEast. isplayingadragonheadroleinboostingeconomicdevelopmentintheYangtzeRiverva l-ley.The sentence of the "leading role" translated as "dragonheadrole" is not appropriate. Because in the English language, dragon meaning of the word is: amvthicalmonster (thatresemblesalargefire-breezinglizard "Collins New English), Chinese people" Dragon "as a good luck The fetish, there are incredible great power, and thus become the supreme symbol of supreme emperor, and even think of it as a bright future, but hopeful. "But the Anglo-American but the" dragon "as the murderous smoke monster spit fire . And here the so-called "leading role" means "to guide, lead, vanguard role." understanding these cultural differences can cause misinterpretation. Links .hi138. Research Papers Download should be changed translated: Withitsdeepeningeconomicreform, thiscity, formerlycrownedastheifnancial, economIc and tradehuboftheFarEastisplayingaleadingroleinboostingeconomicdevelopmentinth eYangtzeRiv-erValley.Shows understanding of cultural differences and translation will bring a lot of obstacles and difficulties. There are some things in a culture is self-evident, while in another culture it is actually difficult to understand, the same word or phrase in the People in different countries often have different meanings. If do not understand their cultural meaning, it is difficult to understand correctly, the correct translation. Therefore, the translation must not only focus on the language translation, but rather through the surface to understand the deep meaning of the language and cultural implications. Translator must be well versed in the national language and culture exchange. As for cultural differences in the translatability how highdepends on the translator's cultural literacy and language skills, depending on the translator's wisdom and initiative.Third, improve cultural awareness, cross-cultural divideCultural awareness that is beyond the translator recognized language translation, cross-cultural communication, cultural differences and language differences with the same, may become an obstacle to communication, the translator during the conversion of the language, we must also pay attention to overcoming obstacles caused by cultural differences, in order to ensure the smooth realization of the exchange of information. To this end, the translator translated and translated not only proficient in one language, but also understand the culture behind the language of many, to be constantly comparing the two cultures, but also In view of the right under the guidance of translation in each particular case to know how to deal with cultural differences and cultural barriers. the lack of cultural awareness of the translator, the conversion may Zhigu to literally ignore the underlying cultural issues, or cultural experience of teaching the mother tongue to distort information. This will lead to mistranslation. So, we said, translation is not just a language activity, it is more a cultural activity. British translation theorists Bennett Susan Barth once likened to the language and cultural organism in the heart. Therefore, the translation is not only the meaning of the language conversion, but also communication between two different cultures and transplantation, translation involves not only two languages, two cultures is more involved.Translators in dealing with cultural factors must be borne in mind two points: first, how to correctly understand the original meaning, the second is how to make the translation of the readers in their own cultural framework to correctly understand the meaning of translation, and as much as possible primitive culture to absorb nutrients. translator as a cultural communicator, should make every effort to strengthen and enhance the eyes of different cultures in the intelligibility of the reader, to shorten the distance between the two languages and cultures ask, clear lack of understanding or misunderstanding caused by obstacles. With this attitude, in order to translate to truly become the translator spread culture medium.The translator, not only to pay attention to language and cultural differences, but also good at finding commonality of language. Such as: Speakofthedevil, andheappears. (Speaking of the devil, to). Not hard to find, in English idiom in this strikingly similar to last place. The Chinese culture, Cao Cao is known as "JianXiong" in the title, and in English on the use of the "devil" the word. in English usage has striking similarities to the well: He that has been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope. (Once bitten, twice shy). To wam a snake in one'S bosom is exactly what we described in the Chinese culture, "the story of the farmer and the snake." Translation, whether as a cultural phenomenon, ideological movement, or as a profession, a kind of knowledge, skills and background in which the total and inseparable. Translation of concepts, methods, style, standards, style, and features all the times . look at the world and China's domestic practice and theory of translation is not difficult to conclude that: Translation of the human spirit is indeed the most dynamic civilization, the most sensitive areas.Because culture has a unique national characteristics, the history of different ethnic groups in special and create a unique geographic environment. Therefore, between different cultures there are many differences, cultural differences determine the readers of different cultures respond to the same work can not be the same. readers of different cultures for their own society and culture which has a unique sensitivity. Readers of this unique cultural sensitivity is the language of work in the creative use of language when the premise. Thus, a particular language works created by living in this language only in the cultural environment of people who expect to make a response, and this response can only be roughly the same. As the saying goes, Reading "<Hamlet>> thousand of readers , there are a thousand Hamlet.Can be seen, the translator of cultural factors at the moment is a very complex problem. Translation conversion between both languages, but also cultural exchanges. From a cross cultural point of view, are the original and the translated product of culture. So and cultural exchanges in the translation not only to overcome the language barrier, but also to overcome cultural barriers. only to fully understand the differences between Eastern and Western culture s, understand the true meaning of words, a good grasp of the causes and scale of the translation, it is necessary to consider the words of the culture What factors are reflected in the translation, but also to avoid errors arising from the translation of cultural factors in order to make the translation closest and most natural.In short, the translator only to improve cultural awareness to bridge the cultural divide. Links .hi138. Research Papers Download。