树形图

/ \
NP VP
/ \ / \
A N Aux. VP
/ \
V A
Flying plane can be dangerous
S
/ \
NP VP
/ \ / \
V-ing N Aux. VP
/ \
V A
Flying plane can be dangerous.
教师主导学生主体的关系
1
教育者主导作用的必然性
从教育是人类有目的的实践活动来看，教育者的主体地位决定了他对实践对象---受教育者的主导作用。

从教育是一种特定的社会现象来说，教育者本身体现着一种社会要求，他的作用于使受教育者的身心朝者社会的要求方向发展，体现了其在教育中的主导作用。

从教育是一种有组织的活动过程来看，教育者是这一过程的组织者，他对受教育者的学习方向内容方法起决定作用。

2 教育者主导作用条件（书上有）
3如何认识主导作用（书上有）
4 受教育者主体性体现（书上有）。

方案树状图概述方案树状图是一种展示方案解决方案结构的图形工具。

它通过树形结构来表示方案的组成部分和它们之间的关系。

方案树状图可以帮助人们更好地理解方案的层次结构，以及各个部分之间的依赖关系。

本文档将介绍方案树状图的基本概念和用法，并提供编写方案树状图的示例。

方案树状图的基本概念方案树状图由节点和连线组成，节点代表方案的各个部分，连线表示节点之间的关系。

节点节点是方案树状图中的基本单元，代表方案的各个部分。

每个节点通常包含以下信息：•名称：节点的名称，用于标识节点。

•描述：节点的描述，用于说明节点的作用和功能。

节点可以按照不同的方式进行分类，例如按照层次结构分为父节点和子节点，按照功能分为关键节点和非关键节点等。

连线连线是方案树状图中节点之间的关系表示。

连线通常有以下类型：•父子关系：父节点与子节点之间的连线表示父节点包含子节点，子节点是父节点的一部分。

•依赖关系：某个节点依赖于其他节点时，可以使用连线表示依赖关系。

连接节点时可以使用不同的箭头来表示不同的关系，例如箭头指向子节点表示父子关系，箭头指向被依赖节点表示依赖关系。

方案树状图的用途方案树状图在方案管理和决策支持等方面有广泛的应用。

以下是一些常见的用途：方案分析与评估方案树状图可以用于方案的分析与评估。

通过绘制方案的树状结构，可以清晰地展示方案的各个部分以及它们之间的关系。

这有助于方案评估人员更好地理解方案，找出其中的问题和潜在风险，并提出改进建议。

方案设计与规划方案树状图在方案的设计与规划阶段也非常有用。

通过绘制方案的树形结构，可以系统地组织和管理方案的各个部分，明确各个部分之间的依赖关系，保证方案的顺利实施。

方案沟通与共享方案树状图能够以直观的方式展示方案的结构和关系，易于理解和传达。

它可以作为一种有效的沟通工具，帮助方案相关人员更好地理解和共享方案信息。

编写方案树状图的示例以下是一个示例方案树状图，展示了一个软件开发项目的方案结构：- 软件开发项目- 需求调研- 概要设计- 详细设计- 数据库设计- 界面设计- 编码和测试- 单元测试- 集成测试- 部署和维护- 部署到生产环境- 日常维护以上示例展示了一个简单的软件开发项目方案，包含了需求调研、设计、编码、测试以及部署和维护等环节。

树形图详细讲解1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. DetA N Qual Vb) The car stopped at the end of the road.Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road.Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each. a) full of peopleAPAfull b) a story P Nof peopleabout a sentimental girlNPNPDetstory PPNPNabout a sentimental girl c) often read detective storiesVPQualoftenV NPA Nread detective storiesPDetNAad) the argument against the proposalsNPNP DetPPP NPDetthe argument against the proposalse) move towards the windowVPVmovePPP Det Ntowards the window3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.a) The jet landed.InflP(=S)NPDetTheNjetInflPstVPVlandedb) Mary became very ill.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPNMaryPst V APDegbecame very illNNAc) What will you talk about?CPNP C SNWhatInflwillNP Inflyou eVPVP NPV P Ntalk about ed) The apple might hit the man.SDetTheORNPNappleVPAux V NPDetmight hit theInflP(=S)DetTheNPNappleInflmightVPV NPDethit themanmanNNe) He often reads detective stories.SNP VPN Qual V NPHeORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPPresN Qual V NPA NHe often reads etective stories4. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst V NPDet A NA frightened passenger landed the crippled airplaneoften reads etective storiesNAb)A huge moon hung in the black sky.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDetAA N Pst Vhuge moon hungPPPinNPDettheNskyc)An unusual event occurred before the meeting.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst VAn unusual event occurred before thed) A quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPNP Pst V PPAA quaint old5. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.P NPDethouse appeared on theN PmeetingNPAgrassyDet AhillDetPPNNblackAa) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.InflP(=S)NP VPAuxDet AN CONshirts andORInflP(=S)NPNDet AN CONthe dirty b) Helen put on her clothes and went out.SNP VPNVP VP NP DetNCONVPV AdvHelen put on her clothes and went outthe dirty shirts andwashedwashedpantspantshas hasJimJimInflNPNPNPNPVPNNNVVVPORNP NInflP(=S)Infl VP Pst VPVP NPDetHelen put on her clothes and went out c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.SOR Mary isNP VPVPNPNliteratureInflP(=S)CONbutVPVP NPV A P N(is) tired of statistics NP Infl VPN Pres VPV A Pfond of literatureCON VPV A P N(is) tired of statisticsV AdvCON VPNV PNVNPbutMary isA PNfond ofVP NP VPVPd) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.SDet TheSNPV Advwent outCONNP VPDet Aand the mysterious man came ine) Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt.SNPNCONVP NPV Det Ncome and the snow6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a) You know that I hate war.SNPN YouVPCPV CNPNPNknow thatknows that spring will will meltSdetectiveAux V Crusoehate warAdvAuxNPVPVPVP VPCPNNN NVVVCSS SSIOR CPC InflP(=S)NPNNPNPNwarb) He said that Tom asked whether the class was over.SNPNHeVVPSthatNPNVPCPSNP VPDet N VL Asaid Tom asked whether the class was overCPknow thatV ChateYouPresInflVPVPCPN VSIV CCc) Gerry can ’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.SNP NGerry VPVPAux Neg Vcan not believeDettheNPCP SN V NPN NP VPfact thatAnna flunked the English examDet A NNPCd) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.SNPNChrisVPCPCNPV NP Nwas happy that his father bought him aNRolls-Roycee) The children argued over whether bats had wings.SNPCPDet The Nchildren7. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Drawsurface structure trees for each of the sentences.the deep structure and thewhether batsargued over Det NwingshadDet NP VLNP VPNP VP VP VPNNA VVCPSSa) The essay that he wrote was too long.Deep structureCPCNPDetCtoo longSurface StructureCPCNPDetTheNessay CPC SNP NP Infl VPNthat Nhe Pst V NPNwrote eVwasAPDeg Ptoo longInfl VPwrote essayDegwasthatTheheNP NP VPVPCPAP N N NVVPSS Sb) The dog that he keeps bites.Deep structureCPCNPDetC Infl SPres NPNkeepsSurface StructureCPCNPDetTheNdog CPC SNP NP Infl VPNthatNhePres VkeepsNPNeVPVbitesVPVbitesthatdogTheheNP VP CPNNVSSc) Herbert found the man she loved.Deep structureCPCNP VPN InflHerbertNPCPN CInfl VPNPVNwhoSurface StructureCPCNP VPInflCPDetCInfl VPNPNN Herbert found the man (whom) she loved efound lovedman shetheDetNPNPNPNP NNNNVVVSSSSd) The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.Deep structureCPCNPVPPNPP NPP PNPNwith whom majors in linguisticsSurface StructureCPCNPDet N CPNP The girl whomVPQual VPVoften quarrels NPNhePP P NPin linguisticsoften quarrels e majors C Infl SQual VPInfl VPwith girlTheheDet NP NP VPVPCP PPNNNNN VVC PSSS8. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences. a) Would you come tomorrow?Deep structureCPCVPAdvPAdvtomorrowSurface structure CPCInflwouldSVPAdvPAdvtomorrowwouldcomecomeyouyouInfl Infl NP NP NN V V eSb) Can you pass me the newspaper? Deep structureCPCVPNPInflcanSurface structure CPCInflCanSInflmeNPDet Nthe newspaperNPDet Nthe newspaperVPNP passyoumeNPN NV SyoupassN NP eNVc)Should the students report the incident?Deep structureCPCVPNPDet studentsSurface structureCPCInfl shouldSVPNPDet N Infl Vthe students e reportthe incidentNPDettheNincidentshould reporttheDet InflNPN NVSd) What did you eat for lunch?Deep structureCPC SVPNPNyou Surface structureCP InfldidVeatNPNwhatPPPforNPN lunchNP N C Inflwhat didSVPNPNPInflNlunchPPNPPeat eyou forNNVee) Who should this be reported to ?Deep structureCPCVPNPNPInflNwhom Surface structureCPNP NwhomCInflshouldSVPNPNPInflNreportedreportedshouldthisthisbebetotoVPVPPPPPNNV VV VeePPS21f) What was Helen bringing to the party?Deep structureCPCSNPVPPPN Infl VHelen was bringingSurface structure CPNPNwhatNPPDet Nthe partyNPNwhatCInflwasSVPNPNPInfl VDete bringingPPNP Pto thepartyHelentoNNNe。

word怎么制作树形图表
在工作中经常需要利用树形图(如图1)来表示不同事物之间的层级关系。

那么下面就由店铺为大家分享下word制作树形图表的技巧，希望能帮助您。

word制作树形图表的步骤如下：
步骤一：打开word，在最上面的标题里找到“插入”，然后在“插入”中找到“smartart”。

步骤二：点击”smartart“后会出现这样的界面，然后根据自己的需要去找到相应的格式，本文以做树形图为例子。

步骤三：找到“层次结构”然后找到相应的理想形状。

步骤四：根据我所选的形状出现这样界面
步骤五：如果你对系统默认的形状不满意，可以点击相应的对话框，鼠标右键，会出现这样的菜单，找到图片表明地方，可以选择形状
步骤六：有时候我们需要增加他的长短，可以点击相应的对话框，鼠标右键，会出现这样的菜单，找到图片表明地方，可以选择步骤七：选择增加“前面”，就是在这个格子的上面平级增加，同理“后面”就是在格子的下面平级增加(图中为“前面”)
步骤八：选择增加“上方”，就是在这个格子的前面增加，同理“下方”就是在格子的后面增加(图中为“上方”)
步骤九：当然如果你需要删除某一格时，只需要点中它然后按delete键。