高中英语语法知识——代词
英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为九种：
人称代词分为主格（如：I, you, he等）和宾格（如：me, you, him）
物主代词分为形容性物主代词（如：my, his, your）和名词性物主代词（如：mine, his, yours）
指示代词常见的有四个：this这，that那, these这些, those那些
反身代词如：myself我自己，himself他自己，themselves他们自己
疑问代词用在特殊疑问句中。有：who, whom, whose, what, which。如：Who is that boy? What do you like?
不定代词如：some一些, many许多, both两个都, everything, everybody等
关系代词引导定语从句。如：This is the boy who won the race.
相互代词指each other 与one another，意为“互相”
连接代词疑问代词在引导从句时，都称为连接代词，包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whomever, whichever, whatever，一共九个。如：
It is clear enough what she meant. 她是什么意思很清楚。（引导主语从句）
I don’t care what they think. 他们怎么想我不管。（引导宾语从句）
第1讲人称代词
第2讲指示代词
人称代词分为主格和宾格。
考点1. 代词作同位语
如果代词和名词指代相同时，常用主格或宾格作同位语，不用物主代词。改错：Our Chinese people are friendly. 把our改为we, 因为我们本身就是中国人。
考点2. 用人称代词宾格代替主格的情况
①口语中作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，不用主格。—Who is it? —It’s me.
②在比较句型中，as和than后的主格可以用宾格代替。I am taller than she/her.He is as tall as she/her.
③ but, except作“除了……”解并且位于主语之后时，后面可以跟主格也可跟宾格。Nobody but/except he/him knew it.
④人称代词单独出现时，常用宾格。Who runs faster, you or me?
考点3. this, that
that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用, this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
考点4. that 指代前面提到的名词，后总是跟限制性的后置修饰语, 复数时要用those
that可以代指可数名词也可代指不可数名词。it和that都可替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。
第3讲不定代词（一）
没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词有：
all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由some, any, no, very 和body, one, thing 构成的复合词
在指代时，one可以替换为：a+名词, 而it指特定的某一个，相当于the+名词。在the one和the ones中，one指代前面提到的可数名词。
①从数量上：each用于两个或两个以上的人或物，而every用于三个或三个以上的人或物。也就是说，只有两个时，必须用each, 三个及三个以上时，用each 和every都行。Each/Every student has a computer.
②从意义上：each侧重于个体，强调“每一个”,而every侧重于整体，强调“全部”。Each student has a computer. 每个学生都有台电脑。Every student has a computer. 所有的学生都有电脑。
③从词性上：every只能作形容词，而each可作代词、形容词和副词。Each boy has eaten one apple. (each为形容词)Each of them has eaten one apple. （each为代词）They each have eaten one apple. （each为代词，作同位语）They have eaten one apple each. （each为副词）
改错：
①There are many tall trees on every side of the road.②Every of the students in our class has a dictionary.
改为：
①把every改为each, 因为路只有两条边，而every用于三者及三者以上。②把Every 改为Each，或在Every后加one。
any, either表示“任何一个”时的区别
① any表示“任何”的意思, 用于三者及三者以上。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语）
② either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them. （宾语）
③ each指两者时可与either互换。如：There are many trees on either/each side of the road.
neither, both与all, none(both与all表示部分否定)
① both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
② all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or: All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
③另外，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以作形容词，修饰或代替单数可数名词，它所修饰的名词用单数形式，后面的谓语也用单数形式。如Neither boy knows French.
another, other, others, the other, the others,the rest的区别
①“the other +名词复数” (或用the others) 表示“其余的全部……”；“other + 复数名词（或用others）”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”（并不有意强调全部）。如：Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow.Some are singing, and others are dancing.（others泛指其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用the others则指剩余的全部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。）some…,some…,some…,others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。
② the other 强调剩下的这一个，此时只有一个；常出现在one…the other中, 用于两者之间。如：He got two books; one is a textbook, the other is a novel.也可用于其他表示“只剩下这一个”的情况。如：There were three boys in the classroom. One is Tom, another is John, and the other is Ken.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于“三个或三个以上”，指代剩下的两个或两个以上中的一个。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.（宾语，外衣总数为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外，剩下的起码有两件；如果只剩一件的话，就要用the other。）one … another/a second… a third…the other…常用于列举，意为“一个……一个……一个……一个，剩下的那一个”，用于三者或三者以上的排列。
③ another还可表示“再，又”。（参看：P. 32 many more + 名词，much more + 名词，与another）
④ the rest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词, 而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。
⑤ else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如：Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗？Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁？
⑥ each other, one another(相互)。按传统语法，each other 指两者；而one another 指三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中，两者常可互换。如：You should help each other (one another). 你们应该互相帮助。We know each other’s (one another’s) weak points. 我们都彼此了解对方的缺点。
⑦ one after another(一个接一个), 如：I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill—he was eating one ice-cream after another!
⑧“any other ＋单数名词”(别的/ 其他的任何一个)Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
one way or another “以某种方式”；“无论如何”。Everyone at the party was related (in) one way or another. These bills have to be paid one way or another.
第4讲不定代词（二）
考点1. something, anything, everything与somebody, anybody, everybody
在everyone (everybody)和everything中，every虽然表示“每一个”，但它侧重于“全部的，所有的”。因此，everyone (everybody)和everything虽然意为“每个人”，“每件事/物”，但却侧重于表示“全部的、所有的”。它们表示的是“整体”的概念。如：Is everyone here? 大家都到齐了吗？Everything goes well. 一切顺利。
在someone (somebody)和something中，some表示“特定”的某一个，属于“不确定特指”，即：虽然没有指明是哪一个，但也是“特定”的某一个，并且只能是“这个”而不能是别的任何一个。因此，someone (somebody)和something意为“某个人”“某件事/物”。它们表达的是“特定”的“个体”概念。如：Somebody broke the glass yesterday.昨天有人把杯子打碎了。Something is wrong with the machine.机器出故障了。
在anyone (anybody)和anything中，any是“任何一个”的意思。它们表达的是不确定的“个体”概念，即：所代指的可以是“这一个”，也可以是其他任何一个。它们意为“任何一个人”“任何一件事/物”。如：Has anybody been to Hong Kong in our class? 我们班有没有人去过香港？Is anything wrong with you? 你怎么了？
考点1. everyone 与every one
everyone是一个词，只用来指人，等于everybody，在它后面不能跟介词of；every one是两个词，既可用来指人，也可用来指物，等于each one，后面可跟介词of。请看以下例句：
Everyone of the children likes this game.（误）每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。Every one of the children likes this game.（正）
链接: everyday日常的，every day每天He recites everyday English every day.他每天背日常英语。
考点2. none, no one, nobody的区别
① no one，nobody只指人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。
②用作主语时，no one, nobody后的谓语动词一般用单数, 按传统语法，两者之后均不能接of 短语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。None后可跟of
短语。如：No one （Nobody）knows. 谁也不知道。No one （Nobody）likes it. 没人喜欢它。None of the money has been found.那些钱都没被找到。None of the trees grow/grows well.那些树长得都不好。
③ none 往往暗示有一定的范围（这种范围通常就表现在其后的of 短语上），着眼于数量概念，“特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有”。而no one 或nobody 则不暗示这种范围，即指“谁都没有。”体会下面的两组对话：A：Did any
of your friends come to see you? 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗?B：None. 一个也没来。A：Did anyone come to see you? 有人来看过你吗?B：No one (Nobody). 谁也没来。
在回答how many 或how much 的提问时，通常用none，而在回答who 的提问时，通常用no one 或nobody 。体会：A：How many English books have you read? 你读过多少本英文书?B：None. 一本也没读。A：How much money did you give her? 你给了她多少钱?B：None. 一分也没给。A：Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了?B：No one (Nobody). 谁也没去。
考点1. something, somebody, nobody的特殊用法
① something意为“重要的人物”,相当于somebody。She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest. 选美比赛得了奖，她就自以为了不起了。链接：He thinks he is somebody but he is nobody.他自以为了不起，实际他一文不名。
③ something of a（an）+n.表示“可以说是一个……”的意思。Dr. James is a scholar and something of a philosopher. 詹姆斯博士是个学者，也可以说是个不错的哲学家。
联系: He isn’t much of a cook.
考点5. everybody/something等人称代词替代问题
anyone/ anybody/somebody/everybody
①指个体时，谓语动词用单数：Has anyone a dictionary he can lend me? Everyone in our class goes in for sports.
②指“全部、无一例外”时，anyone/anybody在附加问句中，则其主语用复数代词表示此意：Anybody can enter for the race, can’t they?Everyone in our class goes in for sports,don’t they?
③在口语中，特别是对话中，为避免明确指出所指对象的性别。
Everybody was wearing their shorts.I told everyone to run as fast as they can. something, everything 谓语动词用单数（包括在反意问句的陈述和疑问部分中）：Everything has gone wrong today, hasn’tit?
第5讲反身代词
反身代词指：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
表示单数的反身代词以self结尾；表示复数的反身代词以selves结尾；
第一人称和第二人称前面用的是物主代词；第三人称前面用的是代词宾格。
反身代词有两种用法：反射，强调
精品-高中英语语法通霸-2.代词用法常考点分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题分类练习题及答案.doc
I. 反射
反身代词指代主语，与指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义。如：
He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他自己。（himself ,he 为同一人）He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。（him 显然指另外一人）
因此当宾语和主语指代同一人时，要用反身代词，不能用人称代词。
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
She seated herself by the window.她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来。
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
She was beside herself with grief.她悲伤过度，精神失常了。Behave yourselves, children.孩子们，规矩点。
The girl fell off her bike and hurt herself.女孩从自行车上摔下来，受了伤。
改错：
He had a deep voice, which set himself from others in our small town. 【2013新课标Ⅰ】
答案：himself改为him
II. 强调：常作同位语
I myself heard him say so yesterday.
我昨天亲自听他这么说的。
She did it herself. （=She herself did it. ）
她自己做的。The story itself is not interesting.
故事本身并不令人感到有趣。
第6讲代词it的常考点
考点1. 用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等
①It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school. (指距离)
②It’s nice and warm here. （指天气、气候）
But it’s two o’clock now, and it’s time for us to go to school. （指时间）
考点2. make it 的用法
①表示事业获得成功
You will make it if you try. 你会成功的，如果你努力的话。
He’s never really made it as an actor. 他当演员从未有所成就。
②表示某人做成某事
You needn’t worry; he will make it. 你不必担心，他会办成的。
I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made it at last. 我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他还是爬上去了。
③表示设法做到某事
I’ve been having violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on. 我一直是每两个星期上一次小提琴课，但是我想从现在起每个星期都上课。
④表示及时抵达某地
We are too late; I don’t think we can make it. 我们太迟了，我想我们难以准时赶到了。
The train won’t leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can make it. 离开车还有10分钟，我想我们能赶得上。
⑤表示约定时间
—Shall we make it next week? —OK, let’s make it next week. —下个星期可以吗？—好的，咱们就定在下个星期吧。
Let’s make it at 8:30. Is that all right for you? 我们约在8点半吧，这对你合适吗?
⑥表示病情好转
The doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it. 医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。
增强背诵记忆的方法
? 勤动手指
锻炼手指功能可健脑益智，促进思维。学做针线活，或手拿两个核桃，不停地在手中转动或练习绘画，长期坚持都会有健脑作用。
? 适当慢跑
下肢活动可刺激对侧大脑皮层的活动，起到健脑作用。慢跑可以持续刺激大脑创造新的神经细胞生成以及脑内血管的健東运转。
? 多听音乐
听音乐能改善脑力，缓和心境，平稳情绪。音乐可以影响听觉，进而刺激大脑皮层兴奋，保持大脑活力。
? 放开嗓子大声朗读
朗读的过程是把视觉的刺激反馈给听觉，并加以确认，还会用到唇、舌、喉等身体的各个部位。这样一来，朗读就能充分调动身体，带给大脑的刺激比默读多得多，记忆也更加深刻。
? 多回想细节
读书或听人说话的时候，要不时停下来回想刚才读到或者听到的内容，想得越详细越好。大脑储存这些信息时，细节越多，记忆效果越好。
? 锻炼观察力
这是防止健忘最好的方式之一。每次去一个新地方时，在心中记下房间内10件东西摆放的位置，等你离开的时候，再仔细回想那10件东西的位置。
? 对自己说“肯定能行”
脑不会马上发生变化，不要一下子设定过高的目标。通过把目标说出来、写下来等方法，能够强化意识，这是你激活脑的第一步。
高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如： When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语） a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？ b. -- Me.--我。（me作主语补语= It's me.） 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)
一、选择题 1．My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 2．—Did you buy a large house? —No, not really, at least not as large as ______. A．yours B．your C．you 3．—Which one do you like better, English-Chinese dictionary or Words app? — I like________ of them. They are useful for English learners. A．none B．neither C．all D．both 4．—Hurry up! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me check if there’s ________ left. A．anything else B．important something C．other things 5．—Hi, Jack. Is this your dictionary? —No. is over there. It’s a present from my uncle. A．Mine B．Yours C．My D．Your 6．The government is making an effort to improve the life of elderly people, many of whom are suffering（遭受） from either loneiness or poor health, or even___________. A．neither B．none C．all D．both 7．Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A．Neither B．None C．Each D．Any 8．I don’ t like the color of this shirt. Could you please give me one? A．the other B．others C．another D．other 9．Be careful and try to make mistakes next time. You will get a better grade. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less 10．----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 11．I left a message to my parents yesterday, but ______ of them called me back. A．both B．none C．neither 12．--- Which sweater do you prefer, the red one or the blue one? -- _______. I think I like the green one best. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．All 13．---When shall we meet again next week? ---_____ day is possible. It’s no problem with me. A．Either B．Neither C．All D．Any 14．My mother is a teacher. She loves students very much. A．her B．his C．my D．your 15．Dear boys and girls, you will face the most important examination in less than 100 days.
初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。
高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
一、选择题 1．—I can’t believe Jim got first in the competition. — As you know, God helps those who help ______. A．yourself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves 2．I tried two stores for the present I wanted，but ______ of them had it． A．none B．either C．neither D．both 3．—What do you know about bamboo? —Maybe bamboo has more uses than ________ in the world. A．any plant B．all the plants C．any other plant 4．—Hi, Jack. Is this your dictionary? —No. is over there. It’s a present from my uncle. A．Mine B．Yours C．My D．Your 5．-Whose CD is it? -Miss Lee always listens to music. It must be________. A．he B．she C．her D．hers 6．My head teacher knows me better than _______. A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．myself 7．Be careful and try to make mistakes next time. You will get a better grade. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less 8．I left a message to my parents yesterday, but ______ of them called me back. A．both B．none C．neither 9．Not ______that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced. A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 10．My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 11．--- Whose book is this, Jack? -- Oh, it’s ______. I am looking for it everywhere. A．me B．my C．mine D．I’m 12．I ate ______ at lunch because the food was terrible. A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything 13．Don' t you think _ _ necessary for friends to trust each other? A．one B．that C．those D．it 14．Life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups will mean A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 15．Some people are interested in _______women’s sense of smell is better developed than _____of men. A．which; that B．what; one C．which; one D．whether; that 16．The charity show lasted nearly three hours, but ______ left the hall early.
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高中英语语法知识——代词 英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为九种： 人称代词分为主格（如：I, you, he等）和宾格（如：me, you, him） 物主代词分为形容性物主代词（如：my, his, your）和名词性物主代词（如：mine, his, yours） 指示代词常见的有四个：this这，that那, these这些, those那些 反身代词如：myself我自己，himself他自己，themselves他们自己 疑问代词用在特殊疑问句中。有：who, whom, whose, what, which。如：Who is that boy? What do you like? 不定代词如：some一些, many许多, both两个都, everything, everybody等 关系代词引导定语从句。如：This is the boy who won the race. 相互代词指each other 与one another，意为“互相” 连接代词疑问代词在引导从句时，都称为连接代词，包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whomever, whichever, whatever，一共九个。如： It is clear enough what she meant. 她是什么意思很清楚。（引导主语从句） I don’t care what they think. 他们怎么想我不管。（引导宾语从句）
第1讲人称代词 第2讲指示代词 人称代词分为主格和宾格。 考点1. 代词作同位语 如果代词和名词指代相同时，常用主格或宾格作同位语，不用物主代词。改错：Our Chinese people are friendly. 把our改为we, 因为我们本身就是中国人。 考点2. 用人称代词宾格代替主格的情况 ①口语中作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，不用主格。—Who is it? —It’s me. ②在比较句型中，as和than后的主格可以用宾格代替。I am taller than she/her.He is as tall as she/her. ③ but, except作“除了……”解并且位于主语之后时，后面可以跟主格也可跟宾格。Nobody but/except he/him knew it. ④人称代词单独出现时，常用宾格。Who runs faster, you or me? 考点3. this, that that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用, this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
一、选择题 1．A smile costs , but gives much, so always keep smiling! A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 2．—Sonia, is this your dictionary? —Oh, no, it’s not ______. Ask Li Lei. He is looking for ______. A．me; hers B．mine; him C．my; her D．mine; his 3．I tried two stores for the present I wanted，but ______ of them had it． A．none B．either C．neither D．both 4．As volunteers, they should do ______to help the children in trouble. A．nothing B．anybody C．something D．somebody 5．—Which one do you like better, English-Chinese dictionary or Words app? — I like________ of them. They are useful for English learners. A．none B．neither C．all D．both 6．—What do you know about bamboo? —Maybe bamboo has more uses than ________ in the world. A．any plant B．all the plants C．any other plant 7．Success comes from hard work. Lazy people can achieve . A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 8．A new study shows that shouting at children may have the results that go beyond of beating(打)them. A．that B．those C．it D．ones 9．-Whose CD is it? -Miss Lee always listens to music. It must be________. A．he B．she C．her D．hers 10．Mr. Wang recommended me a few foreign movies, but ____was to my taste. A．all B．neither C．nothing D．none 11．My head teacher knows me better than _______. A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．myself 12．I ate ______ at lunch because the food was terrible. A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything 13．---Is_______here？ ---No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 14．I have tried several jackets, but _________ of them fits me well. A．both B．neither C．all D．none 15．—Shall we meet at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning? —I won’t be free then .Let’s make it ______day.
初中英语语法专项习题—代词一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 温馨提示：考查人称代词时，该词谓语动词前用主格形式，在行为动词和介词后则用宾格形式，而在名词前应该用形容词性物主代词，如果物主代词后省略了被修饰的名词，就用名词性物主代词。在考题中如果有“亲自、独自、自己”等含义，或出现一些由by等连接的固定搭配时，则用反身代词。 1. 人称代词 人称代词用来指人、动物或事物的代词，分为主格和宾格。主格作主语，宾格作宾语。 小试牛刀： ( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ( ) 2 Tom and _______ will go to see our teacher, for ________ is ill. A. I; she B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her ( ) 3 Only_________know it. A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you ( ) 4 I saw ________ playing in the street at that time. A. them B. they C. their D. theirs ( ) 5 Jim will give _________ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
第三讲代词 代词主要分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词，指示代词, 疑问代词, 不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。 1、人称代词 (1)在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则： 在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. (3)she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。 The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she? (4) it 指代baby Look at that baby. It's lovely. (5)It 作形式主语 It is wrong to build a chemical factory here. 2.物主代词 （1）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。do sth. on one's own= do sth by oneself （2）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 如：take sb. by the arm 3.反身代词 （1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood adapt oneself to seat oneself devote oneself to sth 4.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, ） (1)为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. （2）such和same的用法。 (i). such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语。 Such was the story. Such was Einstein, a simple man of great achievement. (ii) such 修饰名词，做定语 I didn't expect to meet such great trouble in the work. 这家店出售手套，帽子和运动鞋之类的东西。______________________. We have never seen such a tall building..=so tall a building 5、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose） (1)疑问代词与介词的连用 To whom did he give the message? 你为谁买的蓝西装？________________________ 6、不定代词 （1）some与any （都有代词的名词和形容词用法）,anyone, anybody i)一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。 He has some Chinese paintings. Do you have any questions to ask?
一、选择题 1．Lily is a very kind girl. We all love ______. A．you B．him C．them D．her 2．As volunteers, they should do ______to help the children in trouble. A．nothing B．anybody C．something D．somebody 3．—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils? —Oh, no. The y’re not ______. A．her B．him C．hers D．his 4．—Hurry up! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me check if there’s ________ left. A．anything else B．important something C．other things 5．Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A．Neither B．None C．Each D．Any 6．—When is your father’s birthday? —________ birthday is on April 2nd. A．He B．She C．His D．Him 7．I left a message to my parents yesterday, but ______ of them called me back. A．both B．none C．neither 8．—Which do you prefer, coffee or tea. —_________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None 9．—Shall we meet at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning? —I won’t be free then .Let’s make it ______day. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 10．Dear boys and girls, you will face the most important examination in less than 100 days. ________________ and go out of your way, and you will get a satisfying result. A．Have confidence in yourself B．Being confident of yourself C．Have confidence in yourselves 11．As for__________students from Grade 9, the biggest __________ is learning how to take care of ourselves as well as improve our grades. A．us , challenge B．Our, chance C．we , choice 12．Did you buy ________ in the supermarket? A．anything delicious B．delicious anything C．something delicious D．delicious something 13．After chatting happily with the new student in my class, I gave her my QQ number and she gave me . A．she B．hers C．her D．herself
代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。 （5）用物指代词填空 1. I own（拥有）that cat; that cat is ____ . 2. You own that cat: that cat is ____ .
一、选择题 1．My grandparents live in the countryside. We often go to see ______. A．him B．them C．her D．you 2．—Hi. Jack. Our T-shirts are the same. —Yes, But ________ looks newer. A．his B．yours C．you D．him 3．—How many friends of ________ can come to celebrate your birthday? —________, I think. They’re all preparing for the new term. A．you, No one B．yours, None C．you, None 4．Did you buy ________ in the supermarket? A．anything delicious B．delicious anything C．something delicious D．delicious something 5．—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils? —Oh, no. They’re not ______. A．her B．him C．hers D．his 6．—Hi, Jack. Is this your dictionary? —No. is over there. It’s a present from my uncle. A．Mine B．Yours C．My D．Your 7．---Can you tell me how to have a good relationship with parents? ---Certainly. If you often talk about your ideas with them, they will talk about with you, too. A．their B．them C．theirs 8．---Is_______here？ ---No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 9．I don’ t like the color of this shirt. Could you please give me one? A．the other B．others C．another D．other 10．---When shall we meet again next week? ---_____ day is possible. It’s no problem with me. A．Either B．Neither C．All D．Any 11．It’s one thing to have a dream, but quite _______ to realize it. A．another B．other C．every D．each 12．--- Which sweater do you prefer, the red one or the blue one? -- _______. I think I like the green one best. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．All 13．Dear boys and girls, you will face the most important examination in less than 100 days. ________________ and go out of your way, and you will get a satisfying result. A．Have confidence in yourself B．Being confident of yourself C．Have confidence in yourselves