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专四语法词汇详解

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集体名词作主语主谓一致

1)通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，

通常作复数，用复数动词。如：

Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

The city council is meeting to set its

agenda.

4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如：

A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

近义词辨析

tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out

这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired

可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。

exhausted

表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

fatigued

所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。

He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。

weary

语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。 After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。

worn out

词不太正式，多用于口语。

The troops were worn?out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

关于used to的意义和用法

used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：?

He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given upsmoking.?

在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可：?

He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.?

He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.?

Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre ?

Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre ?

在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：?

Used you to go to the same school as Edward ?

Did you use to go to the same school as Edward ??

近义词辨析

?

use, apply, avail, employ, utilize?

这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。?

use

强调利用人或物作为工具。?

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。

apply

指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。?

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

?

avail

指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。?

I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。?

We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。?

employ

指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。?

He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。?

utilize

指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。?

She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。

关于dare的意义和用法

作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如：?

I dare not go there.?

How dare he say such rude things about me??

dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。

例如：

Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.?

dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如：?

He does not dare (to) answer.?

Does she dare (to) go there alone??

?

近义词辨析?

besides, but, except, except for

?

这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。

? besides

“除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。?

Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗??

but

不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用。?

He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。?

except

不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all, everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。?

They all went to the Summer Palace

except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。

?

except for

常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。?

The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。

语从句中关系代词that的用法?

1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如：?

They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.?

2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如：?

He is the best student that I have ever met.?

3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。如：?

What is it that he wants??

4)在only, all, little的后面?

This is all that I know.?

5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。如：?

There is no person that is always in the right.?

Is there anything that I can do for you?

近义词辨析?

beautiful, good looking, handsome, lovely, pretty?

这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。?

beautiful

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专四词汇语法篇

专四词汇语法篇

专四语法词汇篇

专四应试技巧（语法词汇篇1:集体名词作主语主谓一致)

集体名词作主语主谓一致

1)通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，

通常作复数，用复数动词。如：

Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。

例如：

A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

近义词辨析

tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out

这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired

可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。

专四词汇语法练习(2)

专四词汇语法练习(2)

专四词汇语法练习（2）

1. How do you ____ for coming late for the meeting? 

A) explain B) excuseC) describe D) account

2. The mother was so ____ at the news that she didn’t know what

to do. 

A)admired B) amazedC) amused D) curious

3. He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full

____. 

A) power B) voiceC) volume D) sound

4. The coach must take a large ____ of the blame for the failure

of the football match. 

A) quantity B) numberC) share D) amount

5. Although alone in the house, he was so busy with his research

that he felt____ lonely. 

A) all but B) nothing butC) something but D) anything but

6. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it

necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilled workers.

A) take place B) take overC) take down D) take the place of 7. ____ so few people in the street was unusual. 

英语专四考试词汇与语法详解

英语专四考试词汇与语法详解

英语专四考试词汇与语法详解

语法和词汇是英语考试必考的题目，占得分值也是比较大的，深入

了解语法和词汇是我们必须要做到，下面就和小编一起来看看专业英语

四级的词汇语法详解吧! 一、代数 名词 数词

1.在使用两个以上的人称代词时 顺序是：第二人称 第三人称

第一人称 2.everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以

3.以名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式构成的复合

名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数 直接

来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词

部分变为复数 以man 或者woman+名词构成的复合名词的复数形式是

将两个组成部分全变成复数 以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式

如：homework 4.物质名词一般不可数，但用于表示各种不同品种时 几乎都可

做可数名词 如：different teas 5.当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示某一种或某一方面的抽象概念时

其前可加a/an 6.名词所有格要点：必须用's的场合

(1)'s属格用于表示时间，度量衡，价值的名词之后

(2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加's

(3)人或物为两人共有，在第二个名词后加's

(4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物 如商店，住家，教

堂，医院等，此名词常省略 (5)复合名词在最后一个词后加's

专四词汇语法突击4(附答案详解)

专四词汇语法突击4(附答案详解)

专四词汇语法突击4（附答案详解）

1. Little is known of his childhood ?____? at a factory at the early age of ten.?

A. to begin to work

B. beginning to work?

C. save that he began to work

D. about that he worked?

2. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that

chief attention ?____?to the undertaking that is expected to bring highest profit.?

A. is given

B. gives?

C. should be given

D. must be given?

3. They did not find ?____? to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.?

A. worth their while

B. it worthwhile?

C. it worth

D. it worthy

?

4. Quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over short

courses ?____? breeds can.

A. than the other

B. other?

C. than other

D. of all other?

5. Most insurance agents would rather you ?____? anything about collecting claims