材料描述术语中英文对照

、原料 raw materials聚合物 : polymer 树脂：resin 切片：chips 天然纤维：Natural fibers人造纤维： man-made fiber 合成纤维：synthetic fiber 化学纤维：chemical fiber特种纤维：specialty fiber 复合纤维：composite fiber 羊毛：wool 蚕丝：silk黄麻：jute 亚麻：flax 木浆纤维：wood pulp fiber 涤纶：polyester(pet)锦纶：polyamide fiber(pa) 晴纶：polyacrylic fiber (pan) 丙纶：polypropylene fiber(pp) 芳纶：aramid fiber 玻璃纤维：glass fiber 金属纤维：metallic fiber中空纤维：hollow fibers 超细纤维：microfiber 填充棉：fiberfill 长丝：filament短纤维：staple fiber 特：tex 纤维密度：fiber density 纤维直径：fiber diameter纤维细度：fiber fineness 纤维强度：fiber strength 纤维长度：fiber length二、化工料活性炭：activated carbon 热溶胶：hot-melt adhesive 热溶材料：thermo-melt material热粘合粉：thermo-bonding powder 胶乳：latex 染料：dyes 颜料：pigment涂料：coating pigment 海绵：sponge 添加剂：additives 粘合剂：adhesive,binder助剂：auxiliary agent 防老化剂：anti-oxidant 抗静电剂：antisitatic agent杀菌剂：bactericide 阻燃剂：flame retardant agent 消光剂：delustrant 干燥剂：dehumidizer 荧光增白剂：optical brightener 防污剂：soil-repellent 清洗剂：cleaning agent三、生产工艺及设备开包机：bale opener 开松：opening 开棉机：opener 混棉机：blender 梳理：carding道夫：doffer 罗拉：roller 打手：beater 铺网机：lapping machine 交叉铺网：cross lapping 平行铺网：parallel laying 杂乱铺网：random laying 气流成网：air-laid烘燥：drying 烘缸：drying cylinders 烘箱：drying oven 滚筒：dram 滚筒干燥：cylinder drying 尘笼：dust cage 输送帘：lattice 卷绕：winding 切边机：edge cutting machine针刺法：needle-punching 针刺机：needling machine 化学粘合法：chemical bonding process 化学粘合剂：chemical binder 泡沫粘合法：foam bonding 浆点机：paste point machine 粉点机：powder point machine 热粘合：thermal bonding 热轧法：thermal calendaring 成网：web formation 熔喷法：melt brown四：非制造布成人尿布：adult diaper 婴儿尿布：baby diaper 婴儿擦拭布：baby wipe 人造革基布：artificial leather substrate 汽车地毯：automotive carpet 汽车顶蓬：automotive headliner毯子：blanket 妇女卫生巾：feminine hygiene 衬布：interlining 土工膜：geomembrane土工网：geonets 罩衣：gown 家具布：home furnishings 家用毯子：house-wrap工业滤布：industrial filterling cloth 工业擦拭布：industrial wipe 汽车内装垫衬：interior decoration lining for automobile 胸衬：interling for front part 鞋帽衬：interling for shoes and hat 实验工作服：lab coat 口罩：mask 医用绷带：medical bandage 医用纱布：medical gauze 医用口罩：medical mask 枕套：pillow case 防护服：protective apparel 卷材：roll goods 屋顶材料：roof material 卫生巾：sanitary napkin 肩垫：shoulder padding喷胶棉：spray-bonded nonwovens 手术帘：surgical drape 台布：table cover 擦拭布：wipe五、非制造布质量及性能耐磨性：abrasion resistance 透气性：breathabiltiy 定重：basis weight舒适性：comfortability 耐用性：durability 柔韧性：flexibility 功能性：functionality耐热性：heat resistance 亲水性：hydrophility 疏水性：hydrophobicity 强度：intensity加工性能：processability 防护性：repellency 回弹性：resiliency 收缩性：shrinkage稳定性：softness 硬挺度：stiffness 耐温性：temperature resistance 厚度：thickness防水性：water resistance 湿强度：wet strength 抗皱性：wrinkle resistance。

工厂常用专业术语（中英文对照表）Rev: 01英文簡稱5S 5S ,教養6 6 Sigma 六標準差A/I Auto Insertion 自動插件AQL Accept Quality Level 允收水準B/I Burn-In 高溫熱機(老化)過程BOM Bill Of Material 材料明細表BTOBuild To Order接單生產CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Manufacturing 電腦輔助設計/製造CAL Calibration儀器校驗 (儀校)CAR Corrective Action Response 改善對策報告CCR Customer Complain Requirement 客戶抱怨/要求Charge Charge索取費用CND Cannot Duplicate 無法複製,異常現象消失CR Critical嚴重(CR>MA>MI)CS Customer Service 客戶服務CTO Configure To Order 接單組裝Debit Note Debit Note(會計) 帳目通知DELL's Survey DELL's Survey Form DELL 公司稽核供應商的文件ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程變更通知ECR Engineering Change Request 工程變更要求EMI Electro Magnetic Interference 電磁干擾ENGEngineering工程(部)英文全名中文解釋工厂常用专业术语（中英文对照表）按字母查詢簡表1ESD Electrostatic Discharge靜電放電FAE Field Application Engineering客訴前置處理單位FAI First Article Inspection首件檢查FN Factory Notice工廠通知FRR Field Return Rate市場退修率FRU Field Replacement Unit市場不良回修更換套件Hi-Pot Hi-Pot耐電壓測試Hold Hold (shipping, production…)停止 (出貨,生產…) ICT In-Circuit Test(PC板)電路測試IE Industrial Engineering工業工程IPQC In-Process Quality Control製程品質管制IQC Incoming Quality Control進料品質管制ISO International Organization for Standardization國際標准組織JIT Just In Time即時 (行動,入料…) MA Major主要ME Mechanical Engineering機械工程MFG Manufacturing製造部(業)MI Minor次要MIS Management Information System資訊管理系統MP Mass Production量產 (亦指製造部) MRB Material Review Board VQA材料異常會閱MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均失效時間ODM Original Developing Manufacturer原始設計生產OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer原始配備生產O/I Operational Instruction作業指導書ORT On-going Reliablity Test在製品可靠度測試PDCA Plan Do Check Action戴明循環PE Production Engineering製造工程(部)P/N Part Number品名P/R Pilot-Run試作驗證Preforming Preforming預加工P/O Purchase Order採購下訂單(P/O->S/O->W/O)PPM Part Per Million百萬分之一 (品質計算單位)QA Quality Assurance品質保証QC Quality Control品質管制QCCA Quality Control Circle Activities品管圈活動QIS Quality Information System品質資訊系統REV Revision版本R/I Run-In常溫熱機(老化)過程RMA Return Merchandise Approval(or Authorization)退貨品認可RTV Return To Vendor退回廠商Safety Safety安全規格 (安規)SMT Surface Mounting Technology表面黏著技術S/N Serial Number序號S/O Sales Order業務下訂單SPC Statistics Process Control統計製程管制SPEC Specification規格SWOT Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats強勢弱勢潛在機會威脅TE Test Engineering測試工程TPM Total Productive Maintenance全面性生產維護TQM T otal Quality Management全面品質管理TUV TUV德國萊茵技術監護顧問公司 (安規單位)。

建筑施工名词中英文对照建筑施工是一个复杂而细致的过程，其中涉及大量的专业名词。

对于从事建筑施工行业的人士来说，掌握这些名词的中英文对照是非常重要的。

本文将介绍一些常用的建筑施工名词的中英对照，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些术语。

1. Foundation - 基础基础是建筑物最底部的结构，通常是混凝土的平面，用来支撑整个建筑物的重量。

2. Reinforced concrete - 钢筋混凝土钢筋混凝土是一种由混凝土和钢筋组成的材料，具有高强度和耐久性，广泛应用于建筑施工中。

3. Masonry - 砌体结构砌体结构是一种由砖块或石块按照一定的方式砌筑而成的结构，常用于建筑物的墙体和隔墙。

4. Column - 柱子柱子是一种纵向的结构元素，通常用于支撑建筑物的荷载，并传递到基础。

5. Beam - 梁梁是一种横向的结构元素，通常用于支撑楼板和屋顶，并将荷载传递到柱子上。

6. Slab - 板板是建筑物的水平支撑结构，通常用于构成楼板、屋顶和平台等。

7. Wall - 墙体墙体是建筑物的竖向结构，通常用于分隔空间并承受水平荷载。

8. Roof - 屋顶屋顶是建筑物的最顶部覆盖结构，用于保护建筑物免受自然环境的影响。

9. Foundation pit - 基坑基坑是在施工过程中挖掘的一个具有一定深度和形状的空间，用于建筑物的基础施工。

10. Excavation - 开挖开挖是指移除地表土壤或岩石以形成基坑或其它结构的过程。

11. Pile - 桩基桩基是在土壤或岩石中打入的长桩，用于增加地基的稳定性和承载能力。

12. Formwork - 模板模板是一种用于在混凝土浇筑过程中支撑和成型的结构，通常由木材或金属构造而成。

13. Rebar - 钢筋钢筋是一种用于增加混凝土结构强度的金属材料，通常以长条形式使用。

14. Concrete mixer - 混凝土搅拌机混凝土搅拌机是一种用于将水泥、沙子、石子和水混合制成混凝土的设备。

工程材料常用词汇表A奥氏体 austenite奥氏体本质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size奥氏体化 austenitization, austenitii zingB白口铸铁 white cast iron白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy板条马氏体 lath martensite棒材 bar包晶反应 peritectic reaction薄板 thin sheet薄膜技术 thin film technique贝氏体 bainite本质晶粒度 inherent grain size比强度 strength-to-weight ratic变质处理 inoculation, modification变质剂 modifying agent,modificator表面处理 surface treatment表面粗糙度 surface roughness表面淬火 surface quenching表面腐蚀 surface corrosion表面硬化 surface hardening玻璃 glass玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维 glass fiber不可热处理的 non-heat-treatable不锈钢 stainless steel布氏硬度 Brinell hardnessC材料强度 strength ofmaterial残余奥氏体residual austenite残余变形 residual deformation残余应力 residual stress层状珠光体 lamellar pearlite超导金属 superconducting metal成核 nucleate, nucleation成形forming, shaping成长 growth, growing磁材料magnetic materials冲击韧性 impact toughness纯铁 pure iron粗晶粒 coarse grain脆性 brittleness脆性断裂 brittle fracture淬火 quenching, quench淬透性 hardenability淬硬性 hardenabilityD带材 baud, strip单晶 single crystal, unit crystal单体 monomer, element氮化层 nitration case氮化物 nitride刀具 cutting tool导磁性 magnetic conductivity导电性 electric conductivity导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity导体 conductor等离子堆焊 plasma surfacing等离子弧喷涂 plasma spraying等离子增强化学气相沉积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线 isothermal transformation curve低合金钢 low alloy steel低碳钢 low carbon steel低碳马氏体 low carbon?martensite低温回火low tempering点阵常数grating constant, lattice constant电镀electroplating, galvanize电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying电子显微镜 electron microscope定向结晶directional solidification S端淬试验end quenching test断口分析 fracture analysis断裂强度 breaking strength, fracture strength 断裂韧性 fracture toughness断面收缩率 contraction of cross sectional area, 锻造 forge, forging, smithing多晶体 polycrystalE二次硬化secondaryhardening二元合金 binary alloy, two-component alloyF防锈的rust-proot, rust resistant非金属non-metal, nonmetal非晶态amorphous stats分子键 molecular bond分子结构molecular structure分子量molecular weight酚醛树脂bakelite, phenolic resin粉末治金 powder metallurgy粉末复合材料 particulate composite腐蚀corrosion, corrode, etch, etching腐蚀剂corrodent, corrosive, etchant复合材料 composite materialG感应淬火 inductionquenching刚度 rigidity, stiffness钢 steel钢板steel plate钢棒 steel bar钢锭 steel ingot钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢丝 steel wire钢球 steel ball杠杆定理 lever rule, lever principle高分子聚合物 high polymer, superpolymer高合金钢 high alloy steel高锰钢 high manganess steel高频淬火 high frequency quenching高速钢 high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel高碳马氏体 high carbon martensite高弹态 elastomer高温回火high tempering各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy, anisotropism工程材料 engineering material工具钢 tool steel工业纯铁 industrial pure iron工艺 technology共价键covalent bond共晶体 eutectic共晶反应 eutectic reaction共析体 eutectoid共析钢eatectoid steel功能材料 functional materials固溶处理 solid solution treatment固溶强化 solution strengthening固溶体 solid solution固相 solid phase光亮热处理 bright heat treatment滚珠轴承钢ball bearing steel过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution 过共晶合金 hypereutectic alloy过共析钢 hypereutectoid steel过冷over-cooling, supercooling过冷奥氏体 supercooled austenite过冷度 degree of supercooling过热 overheat, superheatH焊接 welding, weld航空材料 aerial material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合金钢 alloy steel合金化alloying合金结构钢 structural alloy steel黑色金属 ferrous metal红硬性 red hardness滑移 slip, glide滑移方向 glide direction, slip direction滑移面glide plane, slip plane滑移系 slip system化合物 compound化学气相沉积 chemical vapour eposition (CVD)化学热处理 chemical heat treatmentJ基体 matrix机械混合物 mechanical mixture机械性能 mechanical property激光热处理 heat treatment with a laser beam激光 laser激光熔凝 laser melting and consolidation激光表面硬化 surface hardening by laser beam加工硬化 work hardening加热 heating胶粘剂 adhesive结构材料 structural material结晶 crystallize, crystallization结晶度 crystallinity金属材料 metal material金属化合物 metallic compound金属键 metallic bond金属组织 metal structure金属结构 metallic framework金属塑料复合材料 plastimets金属塑性加工 metal plastic?working金属陶瓷 metal ceramic金相显微镜 metallographic microscope, metalloscope 金相照片 metallograph晶胞cell晶格crystal lattice晶格常数 lattice constant晶格空位 lattice vacancy晶粒 crystal grain晶粒度 grain size晶粒细化 grain refining晶体结构 crystal structure聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)聚合度 degree of polymerization聚合反应 polymerization绝热材料 heat-insulating material绝缘材料 insulating materialK抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度 compression strength颗粒复合材料 particle composite扩散 diffusion, diffuseL老化 aging莱氏体 ledeburite冷变形 cold deformation冷加工 cold work, cold working冷却 cool, cooling冷作硬化 cold hardening离子 ion粒状珠光体 granular pearlite连续转变曲线continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve 孪晶 twin crystal孪生 twinning, twin螺旋位错 helical dislocation洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardnessM马氏体 martensite (M)密排六方晶格 close-packed xagonal lattice (C.P.H.)面心立方晶格 face-centred cubic lattice (F.C.C.)摩擦 friction磨损 wear, abrade, abrasion模具钢 die steelMf 点 martensite finishing pointMs点 martensite starting pointN纳米材料 nanostructuredmaterials耐磨钢 wear-resisting steel耐磨性 wearability, wear resistance耐热钢 heat resistant steel , high temperature steel内耗 internal friction内应力 internal stress尼龙 nylon粘弹性 viscoelasticity凝固 solidify, solidification扭转强度 torsional strength扭转疲劳强度 torsional fatigue strengthP泡沫塑料 foamplastics, expanded plastics配位数 coordination number喷丸硬化 shot-peening疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳寿命 fatigue life片状马氏体 lamellar martensite, plate type martensite普通碳钢 ordinary steel, plain carbon steelQ气体渗碳 gas carburizing切变 shear切削 cut, cutting切应力 shearing stress球化退火 spheroidizing annealing球墨铸铁 nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron 球状珠光体 globular pearlite屈服强度 yielding strength, yield strength屈强比 yielding-to-tensile ratio屈氏体 troolstite (T)去应力退火 relief annealingR热处理 heat treatment热加工 hot work, hot working热喷涂 thermal spraying热固性 thermosetting热塑性 hot plasticity热硬性 thermohardening柔顺性 flexibility人工时效 artificial ageing刃具 cutting tool刃型位错 edge dislacation, blade dislocation韧性 toughness溶质 solute溶剂 solvent蠕变 creep蠕墨铸铁 quasiflake graphite cast iron软氮化 soft nitridingS扫描电镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)上贝氏体 upper bainite渗氮 nitriding渗硫 sulfurizing渗碳 carburizing, carburization渗碳体 cementite (Cm)失效 failure石墨 graphite (G)时间-温度转变曲线 time temperaturetransformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化 age-hardening实际晶粒度 actual grain size使用寿命 service life使用性能 usability树枝状晶 dendrite树脂 resin双金属 bimetal, duplex metal水淬 water quenching, water hardening, water quench松弛 relax , relaxation塑料 plastics塑性 plasticity, ductility塑性变形 plastic deformation索氏体 sorbite (S)T弹簧钢 spring steel弹性 elasticity, spring弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性极限 elastic limit弹性模量 elastic modulus碳素钢 carbon steel碳含量 carbon content碳化物 carbide碳素工具钢 carbon tool steel陶瓷 ceramic陶瓷材料 ceramic material体心立方晶格 body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.) 体型聚合物 three-dimensional polymer调质处理 quenching and tempering调质钢 quenched and tempered steel铁碳平衡图 iron-carbon equilibrium diagram透明(结晶)陶瓷 crystalline ceramics同素异构转变 allotropic transformation涂层 coat, coating退火 anneal, annealing托氏体 troostite (T)W弯曲 bend, bending完全退火 full annealing微观组织 microstructure维氏硬度 Vickers hardness未经变质处理的 uninoculated温度 temperature无定形的 amorphous物理气相沉积 physical vapour deposition (PVD)X下贝氏体 lower bainite线型聚合物 linear polymer纤维 fibre, fiber纤维增强复合材料 filament reinforced composite显微照片 metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph 显微组织 microscopic structure, microstructure橡胶 rubber相 phase相变 phase transition相图 phase diagram消除应力退火 stress relief annealing形状记忆合金 Shape memory alloys形变 deformation性能 performance, propertyX射线结构分析 X-ray structural analysisY压力加工 press work亚共晶铸铁 hypoeutectic cast iron亚共析钢 hypoeutectoid steel氧化物陶瓷 oxide ceramics延伸率 elongation percentage盐溶淬火 salt both quenching液相 liquid phase应变 strain应力 stress应力场强度因子 stress intensity factror 应力松弛 relaxation of stress硬质合金 carbide alloy, hard alloy油淬 oil quenching, oil hardening有机玻璃 methyl-methacrylate, plexiglass 有色金属 nonferrous metal匀晶 uniform grain孕育处理 inoculation, modificationZ再结晶退火 recrystallization annealing载荷 load增强塑料 reinforced plastics针状马氏体 acicular martensite正火 normalize, normalization致密度 tightness支化型聚合物 branched polymer智能材料 intelligent materials中合金钢 medium alloy steel轴承钢 bearing steel轴承合金 bearing alloy珠光体 pearlite (P)柱状晶体 columnar crystal铸造 cast , foundry自然时效 natural ageing自由能 free energy组元 component, constituent组织 structureα钛合金αtitanium alloy— END —。

无纺布纺织品术语中英文对照一、原料 raw materials聚合物 : polymer树脂：resin切片：chips天然纤维：Natural fibers人造纤维： man-made fiber合成纤维：synthetic fiber化学纤维：chemical fiber特种纤维：specialty fiber复合纤维：composite fiber羊毛：wool蚕丝：silk黄麻：jute亚麻：flax木浆纤维：wood pulp fiber涤纶：polyester(pet)锦纶：polyamide fiber(pa)晴纶：polyacrylic fiber (pan)丙纶：polypropylene fiber(pp) 芳纶：aramid fiber玻璃纤维：glass fiber金属纤维：metallic fiber中空纤维：hollow fibers超细纤维：microfiber填充棉：fiberfill长丝：filament短纤维：staple fiber特：tex纤维密度：fiber density纤维直径：fiber diameter纤维细度：fiber fineness纤维强度：fiber strength纤维长度：fiber length二、化工料活性炭：activated carbon热溶胶：hot-melt adhesive热溶材料：thermo-melt material 热粘合粉：thermo-bonding powder胶乳：latex染料：dyes颜料：pigment涂料：coating pigment 海绵：sponge添加剂：additives粘合剂：adhesive,binder助剂：auxiliary agent防老化剂：anti-oxidant抗静电剂：antisitatic agent杀菌剂：bactericide阻燃剂：flame retardant agent消光剂：delustrant干燥剂：dehumidizer荧光增白剂：optical brightener防污剂：soil-repellent清洗剂：cleaning agent三、生产工艺及设备开包机：bale opener开松：opening开棉机：opener混棉机：blender梳理：carding道夫：doffer罗拉：roller打手：beater铺网机：lapping machine交叉铺网：cross lapping平行铺网：parallel laying杂乱铺网：random laying气流成网：air-laid烘燥：drying烘缸：drying cylinders烘箱：drying oven滚筒：dram滚筒干燥：cylinder drying尘笼：dust cage输送帘：lattice卷绕：winding切边机：edge cutting machine针刺法：needle-punching针刺机：needling machine化学粘合法：chemical bonding process化学粘合剂：chemical binder泡沫粘合法：foam bonding浆点机：paste point machine粉点机：powder point machine热粘合：thermal bonding热轧法：thermal calendaring成网：web formation熔喷法：melt brown四：非制造布成人尿布：adult diaper婴儿尿布：baby diaper婴儿擦拭布：baby wipe人造革基artificial leather substrate汽车地毯：automotive carpet汽车顶蓬：automotive headliner毯子：blanket妇女卫生巾：feminine hygiene衬布：interlining土工膜：geomembrane土工网：geonets罩衣：gown家具布：home furnishings家用毯子：house-wrap工业滤布：industrial filterling cloth工业擦拭布：industrial wipe汽车内装垫衬interior decoration lining for automobile胸衬：interling for front part鞋帽衬：interling for shoes and hat实验工作服：lab coat口罩：mask医用绷带：medical bandage医用纱布：medical gauze医用口罩：medical mask枕套：pillow case防护服：protective apparel卷材：roll goods屋顶材料：roof material卫生巾：sanitary napkin肩垫：shoulder padding喷胶棉：spray-bonded nonwovens手术帘：surgical drape台布：table cover擦拭布：wipe五、非制造布质量及性能耐磨性：abrasion resistance透气性：breathabiltiy定重：basis weight舒适性：comfortability耐用性：durability柔韧性：flexibility功能性：functionality耐热性：heat resistance亲水性：hydrophility疏水性：hydrophobicity强度：intensity加工性能：processability防护性：repellency回弹性：resiliency收缩性：shrinkage稳定性：softness硬挺度：stiffness耐温性：temperature resistance 厚度：thickness防水性：water resistance湿强度：wet strength抗皱性：wrinkle resistance。

合金（Alloy）两种或更多种金属的混合物。

铝（Aluminium）银白色，具延展性的轻型材料。

阳极电镀（Anodising）一种改变金发表面颜色的加工方法，通常用于铝和钛，要用到电流。

基本金属（Base metal）非贵重金属材料，诸如铝、铜、贴金箔金属、镍、锡、钢和钛。

凿沟（Bezel）用于镶嵌宝石的金属槽。

捆绑线（Binding wire）在焊接过程中，用于保护或者捆绑作品的铁线。

凸圆形宝石（Cabochon）宝石通过切割打磨，形成凸起的、平滑的、圆形的表面。

CAD（Computer aided design）计算机辅助设计。

光玉髓红玉髓（Carnelian）一种石英石，颜色通常是红色。

浇铸（Casting）用沙子、墨鱼壳和塑料等材料制成外模，然后把熔融的金属灌入其中，以重新塑成立体形状的方法。

执模（Casting master）将一个主要的图案或形式制成模具，用于铜、白银、黄金或铂金的浇铸。

抓扣（Catch）一种可以开关的扣件，用来确保项链、手镯、链子的安全。

轨道镶嵌（Channel setting）一种镶嵌宝石的方法，把宝石放在像槽沟一样的金属墙中间。

冷蚀刻版画（Cold etching）在物体表面用冷酸创造出装饰性、具有纹理的图案，以控制腐蚀的方法。

切割列表（Cutting list）在列表上写明用于珠宝首饰制作的一系列材料，包括尺寸和数量，是对所需材料记录的一种方法。

铳圆（Doming）使用金属模型，将金属材料变成一个圆形穹顶形状的工艺。

可塑的（Ductile）用于描述材料易弯曲或者可塑性的术语。

电铸（Electroforming）用于把轻便、坚硬的金属表面固定成形，使其部分或完全地覆盖物体表面。

等边三角形（Equilateral triangle）抗蚀涂层（Etch resist）用于保护或遮住金属表面使之不被腐蚀，以保护图案和细节形态。

蚀刻（Etching）把握酸在物体表面的腐蚀，以创造装饰性或肌理图案。

PCB行业最常用术语之中英文对照(按字母检索)A/W (artwork) 底片Ablation 烧溶(laser),切除abrade 粗化abrasion resistance 耐磨性absorption 吸收ACC ( accept ) 允收accelerated corrosion test 加速腐蚀accelerated test 加速试验acceleration 速化反应accelerator 加速剂acceptable 允收activator 活化液active work in process 实际在制品adhesion 附着力adhesive method 黏着法air inclusion 气泡air knife 风刀amorphous change 不定形的改变amount 总量amylnitrite 硝基戊烷analyzer 分析仪anneal 回火annular ring 环状垫圈;孔环anode slime (sludge) 阳极泥anodizing 阳极处理AOI ( automatic optical inspection ) 自动:光学检测applicable documents 引用之文件AQL sampling 允收水准抽样aqueous photoresist 液态光阻aspect ratio 纵横比(厚宽比)As received 到货时back lighting 背光back-up 垫板banked work in process 预留在制品base material 基材baseline performance 基准绩效batch 批beta backscattering 贝他射线照射法beveling 切斜边;斜边biaxial deformation 二方向之变形black-oxide 黑化blank controller 空白对照组blank panel 空板blanking 挖空blip 弹开blister 气泡;起泡blistering 气泡blow hole 吹孔board-thickness error 板厚错误bonding plies 黏结层bow ; bowing 板弯break out 从平环内破出bridging 搭桥;桥接BTO (Build To Order) 接单生产burning 烧焦burr 毛边(毛头)camcorder 一体型摄录放机carbide 碳化物carlson pin 定位梢carrier 载运剂catalyzing 催化catholic sputtering 阴极溅射法caul plate 隔板;钢板calibration system requirements 校验系统之各种要求center beam method 中心光束法central projection 集中式投射线certification 认证chamfer 倒角(金手指)chamfering 切斜边;倒角characteristic impedance 特性阻抗charge transfer overpotential 电量传递过电压chase 网框checkboard 棋盘chelator 蟹和剂chemical bond 化学键chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸着镀circumferential void 圆周性之孔破clad metal 包夹金属clean room 无尘室clearance 间隙coat 镀外表coating error 防焊覆盖错误coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) 热澎胀系数cold solder joint 冷焊点cold-weld 金属粉末冷焊color 颜色color error 颜色错误compensation 补偿competitive performance 竞争力绩效complex salt 错化物complexor 错化物component hole 零件孔component side 零件面concentric 同心conformance 密贴性consumer products 消费性产品contact resistance 接触电阻continuous performance 连续发挥效能contract service 协力厂controlled split 均裂式conventional flow 乱流方式conventional tensile test 传统张力测试法conversion coating 转化层convex 突出coordinate list 数据清单copper claded laminates (CCL) 铜箔基板copper exposure 线路露铜copper mirror 镜铜copper pad 铜箔圆配copper residue (copper splash) 铜渣corrosion rate numbering 腐蚀速率计数系统corrosion resistance 抗蚀性coulombs law 库伦定律countersink 喇叭孔coupon 试样coupon location 试样点covering power 遮盖力CPU 中央处理器crack 破裂;裂痕crazing 裂痕;白斑cross linking 交联聚合cross talk 呼应作用crosslinking 交联crystal collection 结晶收集curing 聚合体current efficiency 电流效率cut-outs 挖空cutting 裁板cyanide 氰化物cycles of learning 学习循环cycle-time reduction 交期缩短date code 周期deburring 去毛头dedicated 专用型degradation 退变delamination 分层dent / pin hole 凹陷/ 针孔department of defense 国防部designation 字码简示法de-smear 除胶渣developing 显影dewetting 缩锡dewetting time 缩锡时间dimension error 外形尺寸错误dielectric constant 介质常数difficulty 困难度difunctional 双功能dimension 尺寸dimension stability 尺寸安定性dimensional stability 尺度安定性dimension and tolerance 尺寸与公差dirty hole 孔内异物discolor hole 孔黑;孔灰;氧化discoloration 变色disposable eyelet method 消耗性铆钉法distortion factor 尺寸变形函数double side 双面板downtime 停机时间drill 钻孔drill bit 钻头drill facet 钻尖切萷面drill pointer 钻尖重(研)磨机drilled blank board 已钻孔之裸板drilling 钻孔dry film 干膜ductility 延展性economy of scale 经济规模edge spacing 板边空地edge-board contact ( gold finger ) 金手指efficiency 能量效率electric test 电测electrical testing 电测;测试electrochemical machine ECM 电化学加工法electrochemical reactor 电化学反应器electroforming 电铸electroless plate 化学铜electroless-deposition 无电镀electropolishing 电解拋光electrorefining 电解精炼electrowinning 电解萃取elliptical set 椭圆形embrittlement 脆性entitlement performance 可达成绩效entrapment 电镀夹杂物epoxy 环氧树酯equipotential 电位线error data file 异常情形etch rate 蚀铜速率etchants 蚀刻液etchback 回蚀evaluation program 评估用程序exposure 曝光external pin method 外部插梢法eyelet hole 铆钉孔Eyeletting 铆眼fabric 网布failure 故障fast response 快速响应fault 瑕庛;缺陷fiber exposure 纤维显露fiber protrusion 纤维突出fiducial mark 光学点,基准记号filler 填充料film 底片filtration 过滤finished board 成品fixing 固着fixture 电测夹具(治具)flaking off 粹离flammability rating 燃性等级flare 喇叭形孔flat cable 并排电缆feedback loop 回馈循环first-in-first-out (FIFO) 先进先出flexible manufacturing system (FMS) 弹性制造系统flux 助焊剂foil distortion 铜层变形fold 空泡foreign include 异物foreign material 基材内异物free radical chain polymerization 自由基连锁聚合fully additive 加成法fully annealed type 彻底回火轫化之类形function 函数fundamental and basic 基本fungus resistance 抗霉性funnel flange 喇叭形折翼galvanized 加法尼化制程gap 钻尖分开gauge length 有效长度gel time 胶化时间general resist ink 一般阻剂油墨general 通论general industrial 一般性(电子)工业级geometrical levelling 几何平整glass transition temperature (Tg) 玻璃态转换温度Gold 金gold finger 金手指gold plating 镀金golden board 标准板gouges 刷磨凹沟gouging 挖破grain boundary 金属晶体之四边green 绿色grip 夹头ground plane 接地层ground plane clearance 接地空环hackers 骇客HAL ( hot air leveling ) 喷锡haloing 白边;白圈hardener 硬化剂hardness 硬度hepa filter 空气滤清器high performance industrial 高性能(电子)工业级high reliability 高可靠度high resolution 高分辨率high temperature elongation (HTE) 高温延展性铜箔high temperature epoxy (HTE) 高温树酯hit 击hole counter 数孔机hole diameter 孔径hole diameter error 孔径错误hole location 孔位hole number 孔数hole wall quality 孔壁品质hook 外弧hot dip 热浸法hull cell 哈氏槽hybrid 混成集成电路hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrolysis 水解hydrometallurgy 湿法冶金法image analysis system 影像分析系统image transfer 影像转移immersion gold 浸金(化镍金) immersion plating 浸镀法impedance 阻抗infrared reflow 红外线重熔inhibitor 热聚合抑制剂injection mold 射模ink 油墨innerlayer & outlayer 内外层insulation resistance 绝缘电阻intended position 应该在的位置intensifier 增强器intensity 强度inter molecular exchange 交互改变interconnection 互相连通ionic contaminants 离子性污染物ionic contamination testing 离子污染试验IPA 异丙醇5I : inspiration (启蒙)identification 确认计划目标implementation 改善方案information 数据internalization 制度化invisible inventory 无形的库存knife edges 刀缘Knoop 努普(硬度单位)kraft paper 牛皮纸laminar flow 层流laminate 基层板laminating 压合lamination 压合laminator 压膜机land 焊垫lay back 刃角磨损lay up 组合叠板layout 布线;布局lead screw 牵引螺丝leakage 漏电learning curve 学习曲线legend 文字标记leveling 平整levelling additive 平整剂levelling power 平整力life support 维系生命limiting current 极限电流line space 线距line width 线宽linear variable differential transformer(LVDL) 线性可变差动:转换器liquid 液状(态)liquid crystal resins 液晶树脂liquid photoimageable solder resist ink 液态感光防焊油墨liquid photoresist ink 液态光阻剂油墨lot size 批量lower carrier 底部承载板mechanical plating 机祴镀法machine scrub 刷磨清洁法macrothrowing power 巨分布力margin 钻头刃带market share 市场占有率marking error 文字错误masked leveling 儰装平整mass lamination 大型压板mass transfer 质量传送效应mass transfer overpotential 质量传递过电压mass transportation 质传master drawing 主图;蓝图material use factor 材料使用率mealing 泡点;白点memory 记忆装置meniscograph solderability measurement 新月型焊锡效果microetch 微蚀microetching 微蚀microfocus 微焦距microfocus system 微焦距系统microprofile 微表面microsectioning 微切片法microthrowing power 微分布力migration 迁移mini-tensile tester 迷你拉力测试仪mis hole location 孔位错误misregistration 焊锡面与零件面对位偏差misregsitration 对不准moisture and insulation resistance test 湿气与绝缘电阻试验molded circuit board (MCB) 模制电路板monoethanal amine 单乙醇氨monohydrate state 水化物monomer 单分子膜;单体mouse bite 锯齿;蚀刻缺口msec 毫秒muffle furnace 高温焚火炉multichip 超大IC型(多芯片模块)mylar 保护膜nail head 钉头NC drill 数字钻孔机negative etchback 反回蚀negative film 负片negative rake angle 负抠耙角network 回路;网络neutralization 中和nick 缺口nickel 镍nodule 铜瘤;瘤粒no flow resin 不流树脂noise 噪声nominal 标示nominal dimension 标定长度nominal gel time 标示胶性时间nominal resin content 标示胶含量nominal resin flow 标示胶流量nominal scaled flow thickness 标示比例流量厚度OA equip 办公室自动:化设备obsolescence factor 报废因素OEM 原设备制造商offset-list 补偿数据清单ohmmeter 欧姆计open 断路open circuits 断路open short testing 断短路测试opening 开口original art work (A/W) 原稿底片Others 其它outgrowth 增出over design 牛刀杀鸡overlap 钻尖重叠overlay entry 盖板overpotential 过电压oxidation 氧化oxide treatment 黑化处理oxided cytochrome 氧化性之细包色素oxygen evolution 氧气发生反应packed bed 充填床式pad 锡垫;圆配pad copper exposure pad露铜panel 小型板面;母板panel plating 一次铜电镀parasitic 寄生的part no. 料号pattern plating 二次铜电镀PCB ( print circuit board ) 印刷电路板pcs 片peel strength 抗撕强度peeling off 剥离(剥落) performance specification 性能规范permittivity 透电率perspectives on experience 经验透视PET 聚酯photodiode detector 发光二极管侦测器photo initiator 感光启始剂photoresist 光阻phototool 光具(指工作底片)piece 子板面pinceton applied research 腐蚀测定仪pink ring 粉红圈pit 凹点pitch 脚距planar 平面plating 电镀plating exposure 下镀层露出plug gauge 插规plug hole 孔塞PNL (panel) 排板polar-polar interaction 极性之间的吸力polyester 聚酯类polyglycols 聚乙二醇polyimide 聚亚醯氨poor bevelling 磨边加工引起突起,剥离poor drill 孔形不良poor HAL 喷锡不良poor marking 字体不良poor pad 锡垫不良poor printed 印刷偏差poor solderability 焊锡性不良poor touch-up 补线不良position control system 位置控制系统positive rake angle 正抠耙角power curve model 幕次曲线模式practice 工艺惯例preferred 良好premature tearing 提前撕裂prepolymer 预聚合物prepreg 胶片pre-process ( front-end) 制前press 压床press cycle 压合周期primary current distribution 一次电流分布primary 主要product lifetimes 生命周期product process 制程promoter 促进剂protocal 初步资料prussic acid 普鲁士酸PTF-based process 厚膜糊法PTH (plating though hole) 导通孔pull away 拉开pumice 浮石粉pumice scrub 喷砂清洁法pyrometallurgy 火烧法冶炼QC ( quality control) 品管QFP (quad flat pack ) 扁方型封装体qualification inspection 资格审查检验qualification testing 资格检定quality classification 品质等级quantitative 计量式测试rack 挂架radiometer 能量剂rake angle 抠耙角RAM [Random Access Memory 随机存取内存real time 关键时刻recessed trace process 凹槽线路法recovery tank 回收槽reduction 还原re-eninforcement 强化refraction 折光率reinforcement style 补强材料的型式register mark 对位用标记registration hole 对位孔registration pattern 长方形铜地REJ ( reject ) 退货;拒收rejectable 拒收release agent 脱模剂relief angle 浮离角remark 备注repair 修理resin content 树脂含量(胶含量)resin flow 胶流量resin flow percentage 树脂流量之百分率resin recession 树脂下陷resin smear 胶渣resist strippers 剥干膜剂resistor network 排列电阻resolution 解像度return on assets 资产报酬率reversibility 可逆性rework 重工rosin 天然松香rotating cylinder 旋转圆柱形roughtness 孔壁粗糙;粗慥routing 切外形,成型routing bit 铣刀runout 偏转S/L on hole 孔内沾文字S/M ( solder mask ), S/L 防焊文字S/M (solder mask) 防焊S/M error 防焊种类错误S/M on hole 孔内绿漆salt spray test 盐水喷雾试验sampling size 抽样数scope 范围scored 刻痕scoring 枢槽;刮线scrap 废框scratches 刮伤screen printing 网版印刷scum 透明残膜sealing 封孔处理secondary 次要semi-additive 半加成法sensitize 敏化sensitizer 敏化液separator 钢隔板sequential lamination 渐成式压法serrated edges 毛边shatter 破碎short 短路shunt 分路silane treatment 硅烷处理silicone coupling agent 硅烷偶合剂silk screen 文字印刷simulator 仿真器single axis 单轴sizing 底片之伸缩补偿skip 漏印skip printing 跳印;漏印sliver 丝条slot 开槽slotting 开槽SMD ( surface mount device ) 表面黏着组件smear 胶渣SMT ( surface mount technology )表面黏着技术sodium carbonate monohydrate 结晶水碳酸钠soft tooling 软性工具solder 焊锡; 锡铅solder bridge 锡桥solder bump 锡突solder float 漂锡solder mask adhesion 绿漆附着力solder on G/F 金手指沾锡solder on trace 线路沾锡solder plug 锡塞solder side 焊锡面solderability 焊锡性solid carbide 实质碳化物spacing 间距spacing nonenough 间距不足SPC ( Statistical Process Control ) 统计生管specification 规范special considerations 特别考虑spin coating 旋转涂布spindle 钻轴spiral contractometer 螺旋收缩仪spot face 铣靶spray coating 喷涂Squeegee 刮刀stacking structure 叠板结构stamping 冲压standard hydraulic lamination标准液压法standardizing 标准化starvation 缺胶step tablet 格片数stock option 认股选择权strain 应度strength 强度stressmeter 应力计subtractive 减除法surface convex 表面突起surface examination 表面检查surface insulation resistance (SIR) 表面绝缘电阻surface mount 表面黏着方式surface roughness 表面粗慥度surges 突波switch circuit 开关线路tab 金手指tack free 不黏taped hole gauge 锥形孔规target hole 靶孔task force 任务编组tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile stress 张性应力tent 浮盖terms and definitions 术语与定义termination load 抗匹配负载test circuit 测试线路test method 试验方法test point 测试点thermal shock 热震荡试验thermal stress 热应力试验thermistor 热电感应式thermo cycling 热循环试验theoretical cycle time 理论性周期时间thickness 厚度time to market 上市时机thickness distribution 厚度分布thief 补助阴极thin core 薄基板;内层板throwing power 分布力tolerance 公差;容差tooling hole 工具孔torque load 扭力拒之负载total quality program 全面的品质计划toughness 坚度trace error 线路错误trace nick & pin hole 线路缺口及针孔trace peeling 线路剥离trace pin-hole 线路针孔trace surface roughness 线路表面粗糙tarnish and oxide resist 抗污抗氧化剂transmittance 透光度trim line 裁切线true levelling 真平整true position 真正位置的孔;真位twist 板翘type 种类umbra 本影undercut 侧蚀uneven coating 喷锡厚镀不平整universal 万用型universal tensile tester 万用拉力试验机universal tester 泛用型测试机upper carrier 顶部承载钢uptime 稼动:时间vacuum deposition 真空蒸镀法vacuum hydraulic lamination真空液压法vaporizer 气化室V-cut V形槽vertical microsection 垂直微切片via hole 导通孔visible inventory 有形的库存vision inspection 目视检查V oid 孔破void in hole 孔壁上的破洞void in PTH hole 孔破walkman 随身听warehouse 仓库warp 板弯warp , warpage 板弯water absorption 吸水性wear resistance 耐磨度weave exposure 纤纹显露weave texture 织纹隐现wedge angle 契尖角week 周wet chemistry 湿式化学制程wet film 湿膜wet lamination 湿膜压膜法wet process 湿制程wetting 沾锡wetting balance 沾锡平衡法wicking 渗铜;渗入;灯蕊效应width 宽度width reduce 线细width-to-thickness ratio 宽度与厚度的比值window 操作范围work-in-process 在制品work order 工单working film 工作片working master 工作母片year 年yellow 金黄色yield 良率。

纸盒 box拉链纹PU raffia pu 大底 ouesole 后踵 heel curre 纸盒印字 Box priting 沙丁布 satin 鞋垫 sock tining 跟踵 crown of last 纸版 card board 麻布 linen 质腹 bottom filler 鞋头翘度 toe spring 纸箱 carton沙绸 mesh鞋跟垫片 heel pad 处理剂 primer 箱上贴签 Carton lable 提花布 tmaterial 皮泉硬纸 eather board 胶水 cement 箱 Case 山东绸 gorsgrain 心纸底板 shank board 中底 insole 层 Layer泰国绸 Thai silk 牛皮 leather大底 outsole 绸布 mircofabric 仿牛皮 imitation leather 鞋带 lace吊钩 Hook 拉菲草 raffia 裁刀 cutting dies 中底垫皮 sock lining 唛头 Mark镜面 ratent 裁断垫皮 cutting pad 单底 unit sole尼龙带 nylon band 烫金 wash gold 布料 cloth material 生胶底 plantation crepe 包装 packing透明PVC clear pvc 灯心绒 corduroy 射出底 injection crepe 装箱单 packing list 透明跟 clear heel 帆布 canvas 中底 midsole 双数 pairage蛇纹 snake反毛皮 suede 中插 wedge 同面包装 Side by side packing AR-18PU truekid wet pu PU poly urethane 后跟 heel 配双 pairingD-3PU wet pu 尼龙 nylon 天皮 top life 价格标 price ticket 珍珠沙 pearl 麻布 flax钉书针 staple 干燥剂 silica fee 弹性 stretch 特立可得 tricot 钉子 nail 包装纸 tissue paper 皱布 micro fab 毛巾布 terry cloth 夹子 lasting胶带 tape编织 woven 泡棉 foam 攀鞋用手头钉 Lasting tacks 标签 Iag lable tichet 牛皮 calf绸面 mesh 楦头润滑剂 Last slip 客户号码 order NO 羊皮 sheepskin法兰绒 flannel 前帮机 lasting pincers 客户型号 article NO 巴西PU Brazilian pu 不织布 non woven螺丝钉 screw 箱号 carton NO 牛巴革 nubuck 橡胶发泡 Rubber pange 根皮 Heel cover号码 size植毛绒 velvet长毛里 boa 橡胶糊 Rubber cement 双数/数量 quantity 金属PU semwtauic pu/met pu 毛暄 felt药水糊 Neoprene 毛重 gross weight 金属PVC semwtauic pvc 布里 backing模子底 shell sole 净重 net weight半PU （仿PU ） mipu.semi 加温式贴合 flame 模子底 moulded sole 柔软PVC casiling pvc 中底 insole鞋口 topline毛孔蚊PVC regularpvc 镜面皮 putent leather 停留时间 time dwell 双包探纹PU pulgup pu小牛皮 calfskin leather 中底滚边 insole binding 小山羊皮 kidskin leather 鞋后高度 back height 猪皮 pigskin leather 鞋头长度 vamp length磨面皮 smooth leather 鞋眼开口部位 eyestay opening 卡其 khaki 鞋子 shoe 压花皮 embossed leather 填腹 bottom filler 紫色 purple颜色 colour 皮克龙 Picalon 后跟垫片 heel pad酒红色 deep wine 黑色 black 鞋头开口 open toe 中底钉合 insole attacching 桔色 orange 红色 red鞋后开口 open back 前帮机 toe lating 粉红色 pink 米色 bone beige 鞋后密口 closed back 腰帮机 side lasting 桃红色 fuchsia 白色 white 鞋后密口 open shank 后帮机 heel seat咖啡色 coffee 金色 gold鞋面 upper 砂纸型打粗机 sand paper 石头纹王彩 tiffany 珠光金色 Pearlied gold 鞋面前端 vamp 砂轮式打粗 stone roughing 骆驼棕 camel tan 浅金色 Light gold 鞋腰 quarter 后踵整型 back part 锈色 rust 白金色 platinum 鞋舌 tongue大底压着 outsole press 骨色 bone银色 silver鞋舌扣环 tongue coop 拨楦 pull out case鞍棕色 saddle.tan 珠光银色 pearized silver 后上片 mustache定型加硫箱 neat setter 龟/玳瑁 tortoise 古铜色 bronze 处包片 outside counter 拨丝钉 pull last 栗褐色 chestnut 红铜色 copper 里包片 inside counter 大底车线 outsole黄色 yellow 蓝色 blue 鞋领 collar冷冻箱 cooling chamber 绿色 green灰色 gray 装饰带 ornament 放置铁心 putting on shank 透明色 clear luctte 棕色 Tan 鞋流 shaft of boot 贴底 outsole浅棕色 light tan 深灰 smoke 后跟包皮 heel cover 混色 mixtz冰色 ice中底边 insole binding 鞋口滚边 topline binding 反口领 cuff首先，平时要注意训练听力，至少要听得懂考官的问题，如果考官一个问题出来，你却听得云里雾里，然后来两三个“Pardon”，那现场气氛定会急转直下。

选取电子衍射Selected-Area Diffraction (SAD)介电常数dielectric permittivity耗散因数(介质损耗角) dissipation factor老化系数aging coefficient平面耦合系数planar coupling coefficient镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated轴承合金Bearing Alloy易溶合金Fusible Alloy分析电子显微镜AFM, Analytical electron microscope透射电子显微镜TEM, Transmission electron microscope调幅amplitude modulators第二泛音发生器second harmonic generators声波传感器acoustic wave transducers弹簧用碳钢片Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 淬火，回火贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏体回火Aus tempering马氏体淬火Mar quenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢– 日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金– 日本标准JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properties锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight ofZinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition 直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI － American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会JIS － Japanese Industrial Standards 日本工业标准AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon S teel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521) 琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality ovality [əu'væliti] n. 椭圆度,椭圆变形,椭圆形铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材– 美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987 Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987ASTM － American Society of Testing Materials 美国材料实验协会化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准– 不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准– 不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(µ) (µ = 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate 锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented &Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets 晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE&SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片– 高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B andSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片– 高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片– 高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, &SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片– 高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, &SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain- Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片– 日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片– 美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheetsand Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢– 种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类– 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Miller's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格– 铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢– 日工标准JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材– 日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬– 日工标准G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢– 日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JISG4103高锰钢铸– 日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数) Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard) 弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Coldrolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the BaseSteel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度刃位错、螺位错(edge dislocation、screw dislocation)孪晶界(twin boundary)晶界（grain boundary匀晶相图somorphous共晶反应（e utectic reaction）包晶反应（peritectic reaction铁素体α (ferrite)奥氏体γ（austenite）珠光体(pearlite)固溶体（solid solution）能带（energy band）空带(vacancy band)导带（conduction band）价带（valence band）禁带（forbidden band）能隙（energy gap）弹性(elastic property)塑性（plasticity）延伸率(percentage of elongation)延伸率指的是试样拉断后标距的伸长和原始标距的百分比。