2019英语专四真题.pdf

2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)目录2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (1)答案 (15)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷二(完整版) (16)答案 (31)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷三(完整版) (31)答案 (41)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (41)答案 (55)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (56)答案 (64)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题三(完整版) (65)答案 (75)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (75)答案 (88)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷二(完整版) (89)答案 (102)2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷三(完整版) (103)答案 (111)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷一(完整版) (112)答案 (126)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷二(完整版) (126)答案 (140)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷三(完整版) (140)答案 (149)2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2019年12月英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷一）2019年12月英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷一）Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear Lucy,I am delighted to hear that you are going to learn Chinese ina Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university, I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to learn Chinese. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreigner learner.In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and history.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li MingPart ⅡListening ComprehensionSection AQuestions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A）Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B）A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C）Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D）A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A）It was shot to death by a police officer.B）It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C）It became a great attraction for tourists.D）It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A）It is the largest of its kind.B）It is going to be expanded.C）It is displaying more fossil specimens.D）It is staring an online exhibition.4. A）A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B）Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C）Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D）Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A）Pick up trash.B）Amuse visitors.C）Deliver messages.D）Play with children.6. A）They are especially intelligent.B）They are children’s favorite.C They are quite easy to tame.D）They are clean and pretty.7. A）Children may be harmed by the rooks.B）Children may be tempted to drop litter.C）Children may contract bird diseases.D）Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A）It will be produced at Harvard University.B）It will be hosted by famous professors.C）It will cover different areas of science.D）It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A）It will be more futuristic.B）It will be more systematic.C）It will be more entertaining.D）It will be easier to understand.10. A）People interested in science.B）Youngsters eager to explore.C）Children in their early teens.D）Students majoring in science.11. A）Offer professional advice.B）Provide financial support.C）Help promote it on the Internet.D）Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Unsure.B）Helpless.C）Concerned.D）Dissatisfied.13. A）He is too concerned with being perfect.B）He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C）He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D）He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A）Embarrassed.B）Unconcerned.C）Miserable.D）Resentful.15. A）Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B）Compare his present with his past only.C）Always learn from others’ achievements.D）Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B）They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C）They are more likely to become engineers.D）They have greater potential to be leaders.17.A）Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B）Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c）Insist that boys and girls work together more.D）Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A）Offer personalized teaching materials.B）Provide a variety of optional courses.C）Place great emphasis on test scores.D）Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）It often rains cats and dogs.B）It seldom rains in summer time.C）It does not rain as much as people think.D）It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A）They drive most of the time.B）The rain is usually very light.C）They have got used to the rain.D）The rain comes mostly at night.21. A）It has a lot of places for entertainment.B）It has never seen thunder and lighting.C）It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D）It has mild weather both in summer and in winter. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity. B）It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C）It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity. D）It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way. 23. A）Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area. B）Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C）They begin to make repairs immediately.D）They gradually become fragmented.24. A）About one week.B）About two days.C）About ten days.D）About four weeks.25. A）Apply muscle creams.B）Drink plenty of water.C）Have a hot shower.D）Take pain-killers.P art ⅢReading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory （呼吸道）viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented. 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A）accurate B）conclusion C）directlyD）either E）evaluate F）explorationsG）flights H）largely I）nearbyJ）respond K）slim L）spreadM）summit N）vividly O）vulnerable【参考答案】26-30 BLKAO31-35 CEGDHSection BA South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life ofits ownA）Getting around a city is one thing —and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as hehas pu t it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B）“The 18th century really was a waterborne （水运的）century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly conne cted by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed o n the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The gov ernment built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C）Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub （枢纽）. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived （构想）this city of the future back in 1986. He con siders Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people livingin the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Se oul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D）Chances are you’ve actu ally seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ev er to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers tothe fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Song do,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E）The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the wor ld. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F）The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of th e day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a p opular Koreancity 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering （闪烁的）glass towers line the canal’s edge.G）“What’s happe ned is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H）But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear o f being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I）The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars outthere, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies J）Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian （乌托邦的）cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36. Son gdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.【参考答案】36-40 FIDGB41-45 EHAJCSection CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy （征税）1.5cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out bev erage s—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain l asting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities wi ll sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A）It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B）It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C）It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D）It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal? A）Bargain with the city council.B）Refuse to pay additional tax.C）Take legal action against it.D）Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign doabout the soda tax proposal?A）It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B）It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C）It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D）It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A）Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B）Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C）Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D）Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A）They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B）They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C）They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D）They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible forclimate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste di sposal. “It is electricity consumption by micr owaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A）Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B）The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C）CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D）The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A）They are becoming more affordable.B）They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C）They are getting much easier to operate.D）They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make? A）Cooking food of different varieties.B）Improving microwave users’ habits.C）Eating less to cut energy consumption.D）Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A）There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B）People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C）The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D）More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn’t like her maiden name.D. She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America. B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done. B. To let your boss know that you want a pay r ise.C. To let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work B. Because you will be given more work to do.C. Because it is unprofessional to do so.D. Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we’ve done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.10.A. Websites. B. Radio programs. C. Research reports. D. Government documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than .A. will other types of writingB. do other types of writingC. On other types of writingD. other types of writing12.the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwiseabstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained15.Protocol was enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that16.The woman had persuaded him to do he was hired never to do -- reveal the combination for the lock on theentrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person he choose to be.A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. must18.“If not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a .A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal to changeD. denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrong name”?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.” The relative clause inthe sentence serves to .A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent “London”C. put restrictions on the identity of HarryD. narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against22.After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical understand each other’sbehavior and cultures.A. facultyB. personsC. membersD. personnel23.The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many feelings and so muchmisunderstanding in international communication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the rightto falsely “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is to anyenvironment.A. AdoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second abouthow he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons27.Electronic cigarettes should be subject the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobaccoproducts.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on28.FC Barcelona, the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA ChampionsLeague title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatableD. finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically30.The three law officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to killherself.A. enforcementB. reinforcementC. impositionD. coercionPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or (31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the (32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shaped economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This (35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the (36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be our (37), and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power (38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and (39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have thought or (40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell ou t the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of .A.low wages for localsB. imperfect labor marketsC. the design of the welfare systemD. inadequate skills of immigrants42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B. People who run business.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is towards immigration.A.cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2)It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. Afterthe slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliber ate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoon, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?” I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching her mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,” said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15)It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B. She was thinking of what to buy.C. She wanted to ask for help.D. She wanted to buy a DVD.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being .A.impoliteB. uncaringC. naïveD. miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was .A.hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patientPASSAGE THREE(1)Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,” said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psycho logy at the University of Toronto. “It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily live.”(4)Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy for others. His teams has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy – empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6)It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not alike taking people from a (gra de) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Stelle’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9)Oatley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate p rofessor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and on e key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel reader that makes them more understanding of others.(12)Still, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)It’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,” Mar said. “But there is a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skill s that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understand others’ feelings?A.Science fiction.B. Romance novelsC. Literary fictionD. Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A.Oatley and his colleague were involved in the new study.B.Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C.Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D.Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.More focus on character description.B. Presence of an authoritative narrator.C. Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D. Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Why did the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her?53.What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For any parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of fami ly life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’s on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life,” say Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching and browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead a uthor Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context, how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.“The c onsensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful –and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how man minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” say Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can do to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe –and joining in wherever possible.”PART I DICTATION[听写]从此处开始作答SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKRevision of Essay DraftThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: (1)•The rough draft--containing too little or too much material--discussing things unrelated to (2) •How to revise (1)(2)--provide (3) to convince your readers (3) --eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization•Group similar ideas in the proper order•Produce an outline from the draft to check (4) (4)The third step: revise for length•Mind the stated length•Stick to (5) (5)Revise for (6) of the essay (6) •(7) by breaking up some longer sentences (7) •Use short sentences to make important points•Use long sentences to (8) (8) •Eliminate (9) expressions (9) •Use fresh and interesting descriptions•Write with (10) as much as possible (10) •Write in the active voice。

专业英语四级真题2019年PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.SlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk, because they are so vivid and colorful.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.Revision of Essay DraftsThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: 2●the rough draft—containing too little or too much material—discussing things unrelated to 3●how to revise—provide 4 to convince your readers—eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization●group similar ideas in the proper order●produce an outline from the draft to Check 5The third step: revise for length●mind the stated length●stick to 6Revise for 7 of the essay● 8 by breaking up some longer sentences●use short sentences to make important points●use long sentences to 9●eliminate 10 expressions●use fresh and interesting descriptions●write with 11 as much as possible●write in the active voiceSECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of eachconversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.CONVERSATION ONEQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.12、 A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.13、 A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn't like her maiden name.D. She took her husband's surname.14、 A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.15、 A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.16、 A. History of surnames in America.B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.CONVERSATION TWOQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.17、 A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director froma company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.18、 A. To let your boss know that you want a pay rise. B. To prepare a list of things that you have done.C. To let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.19、 A. Because others may lose trust in you. B. Because it is unprofessional to do so.C. Because you will be given more work to do.D. Because the boss has the data on your work.20、 A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we've done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.21、 A. Websites. B. Radio programs.C. Research reports.D. Government documents.PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question.22、 Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ______.A. do other types of writingB. other types of writingC. on other types of writingD. will other types of writing23、 ______ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for24、 Members of the Parliament were poised ______ ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving25、 Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise ______ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained26、 Protocol was ______ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that27、 The woman had persuaded him to do ______ he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing28、 The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ______ he choose to be.A. mightB. couldC. shouldD. must29、 "If not us, who? If not now, when?" These two questions are used as a ______.A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal of changeD. denial of commitment30、 What is the function of the present progressive in "They are always calling me by the wrong name"?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.31、 "Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach." The relative clause in the sentence serves to ______.A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent "London"C. narrate a sequential action taken by HarryD. put restrictions on the identity of Harry32、 A group ______ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against33、 After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ______ understand each other's behavior and cultures.A. membersB. personsC. personnelD. faculty34、 The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ______ feelings and so much misunderstanding in internationalcommunication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury35、 To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ______ "Fire!" in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield36、 The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ______ to any environment.A. adoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable37、 Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second ______ about how he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons38、 Electronic cigarettes should be subject ______ the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on39、 FC Barcelona, ______ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatablyD. finally40、 The store sells liquid vitamins ______ designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically41、 The three law ______ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A. impositionB. coercionC. enforcementD. reinforcement PART Ⅳ CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Marie the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparableG. laysH. makingI. perspectiveJ. residesK. thatL. thinkingM. thoughtfullyN. ultimatelyO. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church's power in Europeor 42 television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the 43 result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This 44 accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology's influence is 45 determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This 46 about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the 47 of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our 48 , and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power 49 in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and 50 to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, "Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or 51 , to imagine something wonderful."PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE52Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat." And if you can't find work, don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.53That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.54Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.55The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make thehunt for a new job less urgent.56None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This "smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.PASSAGE TWO52There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.53It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I'd begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall's concourse as a river of humanity.54The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.55The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.56Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas. 62As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.63We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.64I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier.65As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.66"Is that your morn?" I asked.67I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, "Yeah." There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.68Still watching the mother, I said, "Mind some advice?"69"Sure," said the daughter.70I smiled to show her I wasn't criticizing. "Cherish her," I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, "When she's gone, it's the little moments that'll come back to you. Moments like this. I know."71It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I'd used my impatience to make her life miserable.72The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter's custody. Together they made their way toward the store's exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.PASSAGE THREE52Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed "literary fiction", it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people's emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or "popular" fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.53Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives. 54"Reading literary fiction isn't just for passing the time It's not just an escape" said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. "It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives."55Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people's empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.56But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy—empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some "cause-and-effect" evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as "Reading the Mind in the Eyes". People have to look at photos of actors' eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.62It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, "It's not like taking people from a (grade) 'C' to an 'A'," he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes' reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it's unlikely to have been due to chance.63"Literary" fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included "The Round House", by Louise Erdrich, "Salvage the Bones", by Jesmyn Ward and the short story "Corrie" by Alice Munro. And "popular" fiction included best-sellers like "Gone Girl" by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel's "The Sins of the Mother".64What's so special about literary fiction? "For one, it's usually more focused on characters than on plot," Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single "authoritative narrator" who takes us through the story. "It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in thegaps. You really have to think about the characters," Kidd said.65Oatley agreed. "Alice Munro doesn't tell you what to think," he said. "You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that's often what we're doing in our real-life conversations." Or at least that's what people could do.66Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to "practice" your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. "It's like how pilots train in a flight simulator," said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. "This is a great study," Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is "still in its infancy" and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.67Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar's study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it's possible that there is something else about romance-novel readers that makes them more understanding of others.68Still, according to Mar, it's too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy. 69It's also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no Visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.70Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. "There's a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical," Mar said. "But there's a growing body of evidence that it's important in skills that we need in our lives."52、 Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals' life mainly because of ______. (PASSAGE ONE.A. inadequate skills of immigrantsB. imperfect labor marketsC. low wages for localsD. the design of the welfare system53、 Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California? (PASSAGE ONE. ______A. People who have legal status.B. People who run businesses.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.54、 It can be inferred from the passage that the author's attitude is ______ towards immigration. (PASSAGE ONE.A. cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguous55、 What does "she had a job to do" (Para.1) mean according to the context? (PASSAGE TWO) ______A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She wanted to ask for help.C. She wanted to buy a DVD.D. She was thinking of what to buy.56、 What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant? (PASSAGE TWO) ______A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.57、 In the passage the elderly woman's daughter is described as being ______. (PASSAGE TWO)A. impoliteB. uncaringC. naiveD. miserly58、 While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______. (PASSAGE TWO)A. hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patient59、 According to the new study, what kinds of books are likely to help people better understand others' feelings? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Science fiction.B. Romance novels.C. Literary fiction.D. Nonfiction.60、 Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B. Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D. Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.61、 Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction? (PASSAGE THREE. ______A. Presence of an authoritative narrator.B. More focus on character description.C. Demand on readers' ability to infer.D. Presence of readers' empathetic feelings.62、 SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What does the statement "..., don't expect the taxpayer to bail you out." mean? (PASSAGE ONE.63、 Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her? (PASSAGE TWO)64、 What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter's attitude towards her mother? (PASSAGE TWO)65、 What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage? (PASSAGE THREE.66、 Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies? (PASSAGE THREE.PART Ⅵ WRITING67、Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructionsconcept of "digital nutrition", likens mediadiets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories(or screen time), think about what you'reeating."It's not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationshipto technology and the role it plays in your family life," saysBrewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parentsand kids are playing, watching orbrowsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by theOxford Internet Institute and CardiffUniversity determined that there was no correlation betweenlimiting device use and children's well-being.The study's lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findingssuggest the broader family context,how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they'reactively engaged in exploring the digitalworld together, are more important than the raw screen time.""The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful—and reasonable restrictionsvary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality.There is little point in worrying about howmany minutes a day your kids are spending with screens," saysBrewer. "Instead, parents should bedoing what they can to ensure that what they're watching, playingand reading is high-quality, age-appropriateand safe—and joining in wherever possible."答案:PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、[听力原文]SlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk, because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing/because of a number of drawbacks. /They go out of date quickly/and become tiresome if used too much. /And they may communicate clearly to some readers, but not to others. /In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing./[解析] 听写话题与俚语相关：俚语丰富多彩、鲜活生动，人们经常使用，但是不适合正式的写作，且容易过时，不是所有人都能听懂俚语。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn’t like her maiden name.D. She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America. B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done. B. To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C. To let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work B. Because you will be given more work to do.C. Because it is unprofessional to do so.D. Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we’ve done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.10. A. Websites. B. Radio programs. C. Research reports. D. Government documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ________.A. will other types of writingB. do other types of writingC. On other types of writingD. other types of writing12. ________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for13. Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving14. Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise ________abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained15. Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that16. The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do -- reveal the combination for the lock on theentrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing17. The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. must18. “If not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal to changeD. denial of commitment19. What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrong name”?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.20. “Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.” The relative clause inthe sentence serves to ________.A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent “London”C. put restrictions on the identity of HarryD. narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21. A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against22. After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________ understand each other’sbehavior and cultures.A. facultyB. personsC. membersD. personnel23. The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelings and so muchmisunderstanding in international communication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury24. To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you theright to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield25. The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ________ to anyenvironment.A. AdoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable26. Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second ________ abouthow he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons27. Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobaccoproducts.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on28. FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA ChampionsLeague title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatableD. finally29. The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically30. The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to killherself.A. enforcementB. reinforcementC. impositionD. coercionPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or ________ (31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________ (32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This ________ (33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shaped economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________ (35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________ (36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be our ________ (37), and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________ (38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________ (39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have thought or ________ (40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect thetaxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooth s” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A. low wages for localsB. imperfect labor marketsC. the design of the welfare systemD. inadequate skills of immigrants42. Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A. People who have legal status.B. People who run business.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.43. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is ________ towards immigration.A. cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1) There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2) It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3) The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watchevery few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4) The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5) Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6) As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoon, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7) We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8) I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9) As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10) “Is that your mom?” I asked.(11) I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12) Still watching her mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13) “Sure,” said the daughter.(14) I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15) It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16) The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44. What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She was thinking of what to buy.C. She wanted to ask for help.D. She wanted to buy a DVD.45. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46. In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A. impoliteB. uncaringC. naïveD. miserly47. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A. hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patientPASSAGE THREE(1) Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular”fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2) Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3) “Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,” said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. “It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily live.”(4) Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy for others. His teams has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5) But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy – empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6) It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not alike taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7) “Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie”by Alice Munro. And “popular”fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Stell e’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8) What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,”Kidd said.(9) Oatley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10) Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11) Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel reader that makes them more understanding of others.(12) Still, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13) It’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14) Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,”Mar said. “But there is a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48. According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understand others’ feelings?A. Science fiction.B. Romance novelsC. Literary fictionD. Nonfiction.49. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A. Oatley and his colleague were involved in the new study.B. Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D. Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50. Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A. More focus on character description.B. Presence of an authoritative narrator.C. Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D. Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Why did the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52. Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her?53. What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54. What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55. Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.PART I DICTATION[听写]从此处开始作答SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful._________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKRevision of Essay DraftThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: (1) ________ (1) _____________________ The rough draft--containing too little or too much material--discussing things unrelated to (2) ________ (2) _____________________ How to revise--provide (3) ________ to convince your readers (3) _____________________ --eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organizationGroup similar ideas in the proper orderProduce an outline from the draft to check (4) ________ (4) _____________________The third step: revise for lengthMind the stated lengthStick to (5) ________ (5) _____________________Revise for (6) ________ of the essay (6) _____________________(7) ________ by breaking up some longer sentences (7) _____________________Use short sentences to make important pointsUse long sentences to (8) ________ (8) _____________________ Eliminate (9) ________ expressions (9) _____________________ Use fresh and interesting descriptionsWrite with (10) ________ as much as possible (10) ____________________ Write in the active voice。

2019年12月四级真题及答案（全三套）第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists. D) It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind. B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens. D) It is staring an online exhibition.4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia. B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash. B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages. D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent. B) They are children’s favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases. D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University. B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science. D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic. B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining. D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science. B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens. D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice. B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet. D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure. B) Helpless. C) Concerned. D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect. B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals. D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed. B) Unconcerned. C) Miserable. D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens. B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials. B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores. D) Pay extra attention to top students. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs. B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think. D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time. B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain. D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week. B) About two days.C) About ten days. D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams. B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower. D) Take pain-killers..Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe, sane thing to do, right? The bottle is27 , and the label says “pure water”, but maybe what’s inside is not so28 . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29 microplastics?That’s the conclusion of a recently30 study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a 32 commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled.[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily. “Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced Wednesday morning, “the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations.” Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague V ann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017’s Hurrican e Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. Thevideo is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. “I followed my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I’d come across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so we picked those up and carried on.”[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agen cy’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.[F] As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed. [H] It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive in frastructure as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think we’re unique as a federal agency,” USPS official MikeSwigart told me, “because we’re in literally every community in this country … We’re obligated to d eliver to that point on a daily basis.”[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebu ild. “We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving, prosperous,” he said.[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. “When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “that’s the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor G oel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn’t enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligence and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students’ questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success. B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first. D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial. B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge. D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being enga ging, and having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching more modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurich in Switzerland examined the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as , , and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects that answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 30% of projects receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project’s success, most notably, the size of a scientist’s personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on his or her own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researc hers’ efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel a connection to the person” who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schäfer’s research of rece nt crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations. B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues. D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful. B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care. D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn’t like her maiden name.D. She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America. B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. T o prepare a list of things that you have done. B. To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C. T o let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work B. Because you will be given more work to do.C. Because it is unprofessional to do so.D. Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we’ve done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.10. A. Websites. B. Radio programs. C. Research reports. D. Government documents. PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ________.A. will other types of writingB. do other types of writingC. On other types of writingD. other types of writing12. ________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for13. Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving14. Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions thatotherwise ________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained15. Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that16. The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do -- reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing17. The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. must18. “If not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal to changeD. denial of commitment19. What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrong name”?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.20. “Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.” Therelative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent “London”C. put restrictions on the identity of HarryD. narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21. A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against22. After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________ understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A. facultyB. personsC. membersD. personnel23. The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelings and so much misunderstanding in international communication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury24. To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does notgive you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield25. The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ________to any environment.A. AdoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable26. Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second________ about how he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons27. Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on public use astraditional tobacco products.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on28. FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatableD. finally29. The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically30. The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A. enforcementB. reinforcementC. impositionD. coercionPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or ________ (31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________ (32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This ________ (33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shaped economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________ (35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________ (36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be our ________ (37), and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________ (38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________ (39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophileSteve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have thought or ________ (40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to finda good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, promptingcompanies to grow and hire more locals.41. I ncrease in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A. low wages for localsB. imperfect labor marketsC. the design of the welfare systemD. inadequate skills of immigrants42. W ho will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A. People who have legal status.B. People who run business.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.43. I t can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is ________ towards immigration.A. cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1) There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2) It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3) The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4) The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5) Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6) As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoon, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7) We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8) I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9) As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10) “Is that your mom?” I asked.(11) I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12) Still watching her mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13) “Sure,” said the daughter.(14) I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15) It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16) The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44. W hat does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She was thinking of what to buy.C. She wanted to ask for help.D. She wanted to buy a DVD.45. W hat does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46. I n the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A. impoliteB. uncaringC. naïveD. miserly47. W hile looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A. hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patientPASSAGE THREE(1) Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, themystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2) Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3) “Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,” said Keith Oatley,a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. “It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily live.”(4) Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy for others. His teams has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5) But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy –empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6) It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not alike taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7) “Literary”fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Stelle’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8) What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9) Oatley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10) Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,”said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But headded that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11) Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel reader that makes them more understanding of others.(12) Still, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13) It’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14) Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,”Mar said. “But there is a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48. A ccording to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understand others’feelings?A. Science fiction.B. Romance novelsC. Literary fictionD. Nonfiction.49. W hich of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A. Oatley and his colleague were involved in the new study.B. Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D. Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50. W hich of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A. More focus on character description.B. Presence of an authoritative narrator.C. Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D. Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. W hy did the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52. W hy did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her?53. W hat does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54. W hat are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55. W hy is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN] Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.PART I DICTATION[听写]从此处开始作答SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKRevision of Essay DraftThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: (1) ________ (1) _____________________ •The rough draft--containing too little or too much material--discussing things unrelated to (2) ________ (2) _____________________ •How to revise--provide (3) ________ to convince your readers (3) _____________________ --eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization•Group similar ideas in the proper order•Produce an outline from the draft to check (4) ________ (4) _____________________The third step: revise for length•Mind the stated length•Stick to (5) ________ (5) _____________________Revise for (6) ________ of the essay (6) _____________________•(7) ________ by breaking up some longer sentences (7) _____________________ •Use short sentences to make important points•Use long sentences to (8) ________ (8) _____________________ •Eliminate (9) ________ expressions (9) _____________________ •Use fresh and interesting descriptions•Write with (10) ________ as much as possible (10) ____________________ •Write in the active voice。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Now, listen to the passage.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.特别说明：自本次考试起，听写部分的第一个句子已给出。

2019年专业英语四级考试真题PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like her maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remainsD.The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.10.A. Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answer the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural patternof organization than ________.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing12.________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction ofthe oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinionsthat otherwise________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained15.Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that16.The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do — reveal the combinationfor the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must18.“It not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A.sign of angerB.call for cationC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrongname”?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.”The relative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent “London”C.put restriction on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against22.After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel23.The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelingsand so much misunderstandings in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the ________Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy thatis ________to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond________ about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons27.Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on publicuse as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on28.FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 toclaim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically30.The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger whowas allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercionPART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe ________(31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________(32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This_________(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________(35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________(36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? Ifwe are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our ________(37) and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________(38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________(39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or ________(40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)L ife can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest — able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)T heir results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)N one of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A.inadequate skills of immigrantsB.imperfect labor marketsC.low wages for localsD.the design of the welfare system42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B.People who run businesses.C.People who receive state benefits.D.People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward immigrant is ________.A.cautiously favorableB.slightly negativeC.strongly negativeD.quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow gestures, and unsure of step the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2)I t was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)T he elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me soI could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it wasone she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?” I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,” said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15)I t was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B.She wanted to ask for help.C.She wanted to buy a DVD.D.She was thinking of what to buy.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patientPASSAGE THREE(1)R eading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)E xperts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,”said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives.(4)O atley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)B ut, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy —empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mindin the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6)I t was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9)O atley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)R eading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novelreaders that makes them more understanding of others.(12)S till, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)I t’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)E veryone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understandothers’ feelings?A.Science fiction.B.Romance novels.C.Literary fiction.D.Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A.Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B.Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C.Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D.Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.Presence of an authoritative narrator.B.More focus on character description.C.Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D.Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51. What does the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it forher?53.What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITINGRead carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’s on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life,” says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful — and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe — and joining in wherever possible.”。

2019年英语专业四级真题及答案III. 语言知识：11. ___B_____ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot.A. RegardingB. Whatever.C. In so far asD. No matter12. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, ____B______ the women gave a quick knock before opening it..A. whereinB. on whichC. but whenD. then13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian ______C____ with seven years’ racing experience.A. woman driversB. women driverC. women driversD. woman driver14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.”The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___.A. past event for exact time referenceB. present event for tentativenessC. present event for uncertaintyD. past event for politeness15. “If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.A. alleviate hostilityB. express unfavorable feelingsC. indicate uncertaintyD. make a suggestion16. “It’s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express __B_____.A obligationB disappointmentC future in the past D. tentativeness17. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that _____D______ history.A. could have later madeB. should have made laterC. might make laterD. would later make18. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known ___C___by microbes.A. having been createdB. being createdC. to have been createdD. to be created19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as ______ if I ____A_______alone.A. would have been …had beenB. should be … had beenC. could be … wereD. might have been… were20. You must fire __C____ incompetent assistant of yoursA. theB. anC. thatD. whichever21. Some narratives seem more like plays, heavy with dialogue by which writers allow their__A___to reveal themselves.A. charactersB. characteristicsC. charisma D characterizations22. If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can ___D_____ extra purity by running it through a coffee filter.A. assureB. insureC. reassureD. ensure23. The daisy-like flowers of chamomile have been used for centuries to ___B____anxiety and insomnia.A. declineB. relieve C quench D suppress24. Despite concern about the disappearance of the album in popular music, 2014 delivered a great crop of album ___C_______.A. publications B appearances C. releases D. presentations25. The party’s reduced vote in the general election was ___C______of lack of support for its policies.A. revealingB. confirmingC. indicativeD. evident26. He closed his eyes and held the two versions of La Mappa to his mind’s __B______ to analyze their differences.A. vision B eye C. view D. sightlunchtime.A. criticallyB. enormouslyC. greatlyD. hard28. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested ___C_____ accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high-school.A. overB. withC. onD. for29. It was reported that a 73-year-old man died on an Etihad flight __D______to Germany from Abu Dhabi.A. boundedB. bindedC. boundaryD. bound30. It’s ____B_____ the case in the region; a story always sounds clear enough at a distanced, but the nearer you get to the scene of events the vaguer it becomes.A. unchangeablyB. invariablyC. unalterablyD. immovablyIV. 完形填空：A. alwaysB. barelyC. demiseD. emergenceE. gainedF. implicationsG. leafH. lostI. naturallyJ. objectK. oneL. onlineM. risingN. singleO. valueMILLIONS of people now rent their movies the Netflix way. They fill out a wish list from the 50,000 titles on the company's Web site and receive the first few DVD's in the mail; when theymail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy（31）implications. What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster, which has, in fact, started a similar service? What will it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about "long tail" businesses -- ones that combine many niche markets, like those for Dutch movies or classic musicals, into a (32)single large audience? But one other major implication has (33)barely been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for that stalwart of the old economy, the United States Postal Service.Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from（34）online pharmacies, eBay vendors, and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet.The（35）demise of "snail mail" in the age of instant electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps （36）rising. It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970's.The harmful side of the Internet's impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People (37) naturally write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages. To (38) leaf through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been _(39) lost i n this shift: the pretty stamps, the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible (40) object that was once in the sender's hands.V. Reading comprehensionSection APassage one（1）When I was a young girl living in Ireland, I was always pleased when it rained, because that meant I could go treasure hunting. What’s the connection between a wet day and a search for buried treasure? Well, it’s quite simple. Ireland, as some of you may already know, is the home of Leprechauns – little men who possess magic powers and, perhaps more interestingly, pots of gold.（2）Now, although Leprechauns are interesting characters, I have to admit that I was more intrigued by the stories of their treasure hoard. This, as all of Ireland knows, they hide at the end of the rainbow. Leprechauns can be fearsome folk but if you can discover the end of the rainbow, they have to unwillingly surrender their gold to you. So whenever it rained, I would look up in the sky and follow the curve of the rainbow to see where it ended. I never did unearth any treasure, but I did spend many happy, showery days dreaming of what I could do with the fortune if I found it.（3）As I got older, and started working, rainy days came to be just another nuisance and my childhood dreams of finding treasure faded. But for some people the dream of striking it lucky never fades, and for a fortunate few, the dream even comes true! Such is the case of Mel Fisher. His dream of finding treasure also began in childhood, while reading the great literature classics “Treasure Island” and “Moby Dick”. However, unlike myself, he chased his dream and in the end managed to become one of the most famous professional treasure hunters of all time, and for good reason. In 1985, he fished up the priceless cargo of the sunken Spanish ship Atocha, which netted him an incredible $400 million dollars!（4）After the ship sank in 1622 off the coast of Florida, its murky waters became a treasure tro ve of precious stones, gold bars and silver coins known as “pieces of eight”. The aptly-named Fisher, who ran a commercial salvaging operation, had been trying to locate the underwater treasure for over 16 years when he finally hit the jackpot! His dreams had come true but finding and keeping the treasure wasn’t all plain sailing. After battling with hostile conditions at sea, Fisher then had to battle in the courts. In fact, the State of Florida took Fisher to court over ownership of the find and the Federal government soon followed suit. After more than 200 hearings, Fisher agreed to donate 20% of his yearly findings for public display, and so now there is a museum in Florida which displays hundreds of the objects which were salvaged from the Atocha.（5）This true story seems like a modern-day fairytale: a man pursues his dream through adversity and in the end, he triumphs over the difficulties - they all live happily ever after, right? Well, not exactly. Archaeologists object to the fact that with commercial salvaging operations like Fisher’s, the objects are sold and dispersed and UNESCO are worried about protecting our underwater heritage from what it describes as “pillaging”.（6）The counter-argument is that in professional, well-run operations such as Fis her’s, each piece is accurately and minutely recorded and that it is this information which is more important than the actual object, and that such operations help increase our wealth of archaeological knowledge. Indeed, as in Fisher’s case, they make hist ory more accessible to people through museum donations and information on web sites.（7）The distinction of whether these treasure hunters are salvaging or pillaging our underwater heritage may not be clear, but what is clear is that treasure hunting is not just innocent child’s play anymore but profitable big business. I have learnt that the end of the rainbow is beyond my reach, but in consolation, with just a click of the mouse, I too can have a share in the riches that the Atocha has revealed. As Friedrich Nietzsche so wisely said: “Our treasure lies in the beehive of our knowledge.”41. In Para.4, the phrase “hit the jackpot” means ______according to the text.A. discovered the jackpot.B. found the treasureC. broke one of the objectsD. ran a salvaging operation42. It can be concluded from Paras. 5 and 6 that _________.A. people hold entirely different views on the issueB. UNESCO’s view is different from archaeologists’C. all salvaging operations should be prohibitedD. attention should be paid to the find’s educational value43. How did the author feel about the treasure from the Atocha (Para. 7)?A. She was unconcerned about where the treasure came fromB. She was sad that she was unable to discover and salvage treasure.C. She was angry that treasure hunters were pillaging heritage.D. She was glad that people can have a chance to see the treasure.Passage two（1）PAUL was dissatisfied with himself and with everything. The deepest of his love belonged to his mother. When he felt he had hurt her, or wounded his love for her, he could not bear it. Now it was spring, and there was battle between him and Miriam. This year he had a good deal against her. She was vaguely aware of it. The old feeling that she was to be a sacrifice to this love, which she had had when she prayed, was mingled in all her emotions. She did not at the bottom believe she ever would have him. She did not believe in herself primarily: doubted whether she could ever be what he would demand of her. Certainly she never saw herself living happily through a lifetime with him. She saw tragedy, sorrow, and sacrifice ahead. And in sacrifice she was proud, in renunciation she was strong, for she did not trust herself to support everyday life. She was prepared for the big things and the deep things, like tragedy. It was the sufficiency of the small day-life she could not trust.（2）The Easter holidays began happily. Paul was his own frank self. Yet she felt it would go wrong. On the Sunday afternoon she stood at her bedroom window, looking across at the oak-trees of the wood, in whose branches a twilight was tangled, below the bright sky of the afternoon. Grey-green rosettes of honeysuckle leaves hung before the window, some already, she fancied, showing bud. It was spring, which she loved and dreaded.（3）Hearing the clack of the gate she stood in suspense. It was a bright grey day. Paul came into the yard with his bicycle, which glittered as he walked. Usually he rang his bell and laughed towards the house. To-day he walked with shut lips and cold, cruel bearing, that had something of a slouch and a sneer in it. She knew him well by now, and could tell from that keen-looking, aloof young body of his what was happening inside him. There was a cold correctness in the way he put his bicycle in its place, that made her heart sink.（4）She came downstairs nervously. She was wearing a new net blouse that she thought became her. It had a high collar with a tiny ruff, making her, she thought, look wonderfully a woman, and dignified. At twenty she was full-breasted and luxuriously formed. Her face was still like a soft rich mask, unchangeable. But her eyes, once lifted, were wonderful. She was afraid of him. He would notice her new blouse.（5）He, being in a hard, ironical mood, was entertaining the family to a description of a service given in the Primitive Methodist Chapel. He sat at the head of the table, his mobile face, with the eyes that could be so beautiful, shining with tenderness or dancing with laughter, now taking onone expression and then another, in imitation of various people he was mocking. His mockery always hurt her; it was too near the reality. He was too clever and cruel. She felt that when his eyes were like this, hard with mocking hate, he would spare neither himself nor anybody else. But Mrs. Leivers was wiping her eyes with laughter, and Mr. Leivers, just awake from his Sunday nap, was rubbing his head in amusement. The three brothers sat with ruffled, sleepy appearance in their shirt-sleeves, giving a guffaw from time to time. The whole family loved a "take-off" more than anything.44. It can be learned from the beginning that Mariam’s attitude toward love between her and Paul is ________.A. indifferentB. desperateC. pessimisticD. ambiguous45. The narration in Para. 3 tells us that Miriam had all the following feelings except _______.A.delightB. expectationC. uncertaintyD. forebearing46. Which of the following statements is correct about the family’s response to Paul’s mockery?A. Only the parents found it entertaining.B. Every member except Marriam was amusedC. The brothers found it hard to appreciate.D. Mariam also thought it was amusingPassage three（1）I’ve written this article and you’re reading it. So we are members of the same club. We’re both literate – we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialised western countries, such as the UK and the USA, approximately 20% of the population have 'low literacy levels'. But what exactly does that mean?（2）My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn't play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn't she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn't write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter that he'd written to the bank and asked me to check it forgrammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn't comfortable or confident. Does that mean that my father had a 'low level of literacy'? I don't think so.（3）There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form, –anything that you need to do in everyday life – then you are 'functionally literate'.（4）Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can't read or write as well as you would like to.（5）If you live in a society where most people are literate then you will feel ashamed or embarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn't read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it - and believe it or not, his family had no idea.（6）We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word 'literate' meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call 'articulate'. Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is today in some societies. Reading was often a co-operative activity – someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible.（7）Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn't sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.（8）Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn't so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you.（9）And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.（10）Being illiterate can have a big effect on people's lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, andoften unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.（11）World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don't forget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low level of literacy, isn't necessarily stupid or ignorant – and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn't only found in writing.47. Why does the author give two examples in Para 2?A. To show that literacy is interpreted in different ways.B. To show that Father was more literate than Mother.C. To indicate how important reading and writing are.D. To compare the level of literacy between neighbours.48. According to the author, the following are some of the defining features of literacy EXCETT________.A. psyhchologicalB. functionalC. socialD. independent49. Which of the following statements about reading and writing is CORRECT?A. Reading and writing have always been regarded as equally difficult.B. People had to read and write well in order to be allowed to vote.C. Reading often requires more immediate interaction than writing.D. Reading and writing have always been viewed as being connected.50. What do the last two paragraphs mainly focus on ?A. Effects of illiteracy and employment problems.B. Effects of illiteracy and associated problems.C. Effects of illiteracy on one’s personality development.D. Effects of illiteracy on women’s career development.Section B. Short answer questions. (Answer each question with no more than ten words) Passage one.51. what does This in Para. 2 refer to?It refers to the treasure hoard of Leprechauns.52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)?Because he was sued over ownership of the treasure.Passage two.53.Why did Mariam wear a new net blouse on Sunday afternoon?Because she wanted to attract Paul’s attention.54. What is the meaning of the sentence “…he would spare neither himself nor anybody else” in Para. 5?Everyone, including himself, would become the targets of his mockery.Passage three.55. Explain the meaning of the last sentence of Para. 11 according to the context.Illiterate people may also have knowledge and wisdom.。