最新高中英语人教新课标必修1 课件Unit5背景素材背景文字马丁·路德·金简介

Neil Armstrong speaksNeil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has finally allowed an official biography, First Man: The Life of Neil Armstrong (Simon and Schuster), written by James R. Hansen. He has always been wary of interviews. But with the release of the new b ook, he’s reluctantly agreed to talk to the Associated Press. He said that he had never felt comfortabl e with the celebrity he achieved. “Friends and colleagues, all of a sudden, looked at us, treated us slightly differently than they had months or years before when we were working together,” the Apollo 11 astronaut said, “I never quite understood that.He also said he reluctantly agreed to the book deal. “Many individuals whose opinions I value have urged me to find a way to put my story in print,” Armstrong said. “I concluded a biography would be superior to an autobiography. I believed the author should have access to my recollections and thoughts although he would not be bound to use or accept them.” First Man: The Life of Neil Armstrong: On July 20, 1969, a quiet, determined man from Wapakoneta, Ohio, stepped out of his fragile spacecraft and into history. Neil Armstrong – engineer, naval aviator, test pilot, astronaut and devoted family man – became the first man to walk on the moon. This is a powerful, unreleing biography of a man of no particularly spectacular talent yet who stands as a living testimony to everyday grit and determination. Former NASA historian Hansen has achieved something quite remarkable. Like a rich pointillist painting, he has created a magnificent panorama of the second half of the American 20th century by assembling a multitude of luminescent moments in one man’s life. From Armstrong’s birth to a middle-class familiar Ohio to the mind-boggling fame of the Apollo 11 triumph, and later his service on the commission investigating the 1986 Challenger space shuttle disaster,Hansen details it all. With the recent renewal of interest in manned space travel, this book is a must for astronaut buffs and history readers alike.。

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe(部落). Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and learned law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 and was busy in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid(种族隔离) policies after 1948.Mandela was arrested(逮捕) in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment(监禁). In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial(审判) with them for trying to destory the government by violence. His statement from the dock(被告席) received considerable international publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was in prison at Robben Island Prison.During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa. He refused to compromise(妥协)his political position to get his freedom.Nelson Mandela was set free on February 18, 1990. In 1991, Mandela was elected President of the ANC. He and a man shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.。

The Life and Story of the True Servant and Martyr of God,William TyndaleWe have now to enter into the story of the good martyr of God, William Tyndale; which William Tyndale, as he was a special organ of the Lord appointed, and as God's mattock to shake the inward roots and foundation of the pope's proud prelacy, so the great prince of darkness, with his impious imps, having a special malice against him, left no way unsought how craftily to entrap him, and falsely to betray him, and maliciously to spill his life, as by the process of his story here following may appear.William Tyndale, the faithful minister of Christ, was born about the borders of Wales, and brought up from a child in the University of Oxford, where he, by long continuance, increased as well in the knowledge of tongues, and other liberal arts, as especially in the knowledge of the Scriptures, whereunto his mind was singularly addicted; insomuch that he, lying then in Magdalen Hall, read privily to certain students and fellows of Magdalen College some parcel of divinity; instructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures. His manners and conversation being correspondent to the same, were such that all they that knew him reputed him to be a man of most virtuous disposition, and of life unspotted.Thus he, in the University of Oxford, increasing more and more in learning, and proceeding in degrees of the schools, spying his time, removed from thence to the University of Cambridge, where he likewise made his abode a certain space. Being now further ripened in the knowledge of God's Word, leaving that university, he resorted to one Master Welch, a knight of Gloucestershire, and was there schoolmaster to his children, and in good favor with his master. As this gentleman kept a good ordinary commonly at his table, there resorted to him many times sundry abbots, deans, archdeacons, with divers other doctors, and great beneficed men; who there, together with Master Tyndale siting at the same table, did use many times toenter communication, and talk of learned men, as of Luther and of Erasmus; also of divers other controversies and questions upon the Scripture.Then Master Tyndale, as he was learned and well practiced in God's matters, spared not to show unto them simply and plainly his judgment, and when they at any time did vary from Tyndale in opinions, he would show them in the Book, and lay plainly before them the open and manifest places of the Scriptures, to confute their errors, and confirm his sayings. And thus continued they for a certain season, reasoning and contending together divers times, until at length they waxed weary, and bare a secret grudge in their hearts against him.As this grew on, the priests of the country, clustering together, began to grudge and storm against Tyndale, railing against him in alehouses and other places, affirming that his sayings were heresy; and accused him secretly to the chancellor, and others of the bishop's officers.It followed not long after this that there was a sitting of the bishop's chancellor appointed, and warning was given to the priests to appear, amongst whom Master Tyndale was also warned to be there. And whether he had any misdoubt by their threatenings, or knowledge given him that they would lay some things to his charge, it is uncertain; but certain this is (as he himself declared), that he doubted their privy accusations; so that he by the way, in going thitherwards, cried in his mind heartily to God, to give him strength fast to stand in the truth of His Word.When the time came for his appearance before the chancellor, he threatened him grievously, reviling and rating him as though he had been a dog, and laid to his charge many things whereof no accuser could be brought forth, notwithstanding that the priests of the country were there present. Thus Master Tyndale, escaping out of their hands, departed home, and returned to his master again.There dwelt not far off a certain doctor, that he been chancellor to a bishop, who had been of old, familiar acquaintance with Master Tyndale, and favored him well; unto。

大多数黑人处在美国最底层在美国，黑人是各族裔中处境最不好的。

贫穷率、失业率和犯罪率都是黑人最高。

据统计，黑人的失业率是白人的两倍以上；黑人占美国总人口的12%，但在监狱中，黑人罪犯却占47%。

一位民权领袖作过统计，在成年黑人男子中，三个人中就有一个人曾经或者正在坐牢。

为什么情况如此触目惊心？一、在各族裔中，黑人收入水平最低。

据2000年统计，美国黑人的年平均收入只相当白人的62.9%。

“穷”是许多问题的根源：住不起好社区，而住在贫民区，不但生活居住条件差，社会环境和社会风气也差；收入低，不仅物质生活好不了，精神生活也粗俗低下；收入低，影响对子女进行教育的能力(财力和家长用于教育子女的精力)，等等。

二、在各族裔中，黑人是教育和文化水平最低的。

在美国，按接受高中以上教育的比例多少排队，亚裔第一，欧裔第二(两者相差不大)，西班牙语裔第三，非洲裔第四。

接受教育少，科学文化水平低，能力就差，找不到好的工作，收入自然低，也就穷；而家庭穷了，子女教育就差。

于是，贫穷和缺乏教育互为因果，形成“恶性循环”。

还需要补充一下，黑人文化传统使他们不重视子女教育，对孩子经常是放任他们自然成长；同时，因为穷，申请社会安全补助的家庭也多，助长他们多生孩子(多一个孩子多一份补助)，遇事向政府伸手，孩子和大人在艰苦奋斗、努力拼搏等方面，不如西语裔，更不如亚裔。

三、黑人青少年不好好上学，在街头游荡的比例，远高于其他族裔。

这是家庭贫困，不重视子女教育和管束的必然结果。

四、贫民社区环境不好，加上街头游荡的青少年多，社会秩序和治安状况差。

黑人贫民聚集的地区，大多是酗酒、卖淫、贩卖毒品，以及偷窃、抢劫和严重刑事犯罪猖狂的地区。

美国的大城市都有这样的贫民区，其中居民以黑人为主，其次是西语裔及其他少数族裔。

在这样地区生活的人，大多数世世代代穷下去，“永世难翻身”。

也有少数人经过奋斗，接受了大学以上的教育，或者靠黑人天赋的体育音乐才能，“出了头”。

William TyndaleWilliam Tyndale gave us our English Bible.Forbidden to work in England, Tyndale translated and printed in English the New Testament and half the Old Testament between 1525 and 1535 in Germany and the Low Countries. He worked from the Greek and Hebrew original texts when knowledge of those languages in England was rare. His pocket-sized Bible translations were smuggled into England, and then ruthlessly sought out by the Church, confiscated and destroyed. Condemned as a heretic, Tyndale was strangled and burned outside Brussels in 1536.His work has survived.Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament was taken almost word for word into the much praised Authorised Version (King James Bible) of 1611, which also reproduces a great deal of his Old Testament. From there his words passed into our common understanding.People across the world honour him as a great Englishman, unjustly condemned and still unfairly neglected. His solitary courage, and his skill with languages - including, supremely, his own - enriched English history in ways still not properly examined, and then reached out to affect all English-speaking nations.His influence has been as wide as Shakespeare's. His phrases are so well-known that they are often thought to be proverbial - 'let there be light', 'we live and move and have our being', 'fight the good fight', 'the signs of the times', 'the powers that be', 'a law unto themselves', and hundreds more. The familiar words telling the great Bible stories are usually Tyndale's.Modern interest in Tyndale is developing rapidly in many fields, particularly history, theology, Bible studies, literature, language, translation theory and the history of art.。