固定管板式换热器的结构设计
摘要
换热器是化工、石油、动力、冶金、交通、国防等工业部门重要工艺设备之一，其正确的设置，性能的改善关系各部门有关工艺的合理性、经济性以及能源的有效利用与节约，对国民经济有着十分重要的影响。
换热器的型式繁多，不同的使用场合使用目的不同。其中常用结构为管壳式，因其结构简单、造价低廉、选材广泛、清洗方便、适应性强，在各工业部门应用最为广泛。
固定管板式换热器是管壳式换热器的一种典型结构，也是目前应用比较广泛的一种换热器。这类换热器具有结构简单、紧凑、可靠性高、适应性广的特点,并且生产成本低、选用的材料范围广、换热表面的清洗比较方便。固定管板式换热器能承受较高的操作压力和温度，因此在高温高压和大型换热器中，其占有绝对优势。
固定管板式换热器主要由壳体、换热管束、管板、前端管箱（又称顶盖或封头）和后端结构等部件组成。管束安装在壳体内，两端固定在管板上。管箱和后端结构分别与壳体两端的法兰用螺栓相连，检修或清洗时便于拆卸。换热器设计的优劣最终要看是否适用、经济、安全、运行灵活可靠、检修清理方便等等。一个传热效率高、紧凑、成本低、安全可靠的换热器的产生，要求在设计时精心考虑各种问题.准确的热力设计和计算，还要进行强度校核和符合要求的工艺制造水平。
关键词：换热器；固定管板式换热器；结构；设计
The Structural Design of Fixed Tube Plate Heat Exchanger Author : Chen Hui-juan
Tutor : Li Hui
Abstract
Heat exchanger is one of the most important equipments which is used in the fields of chemical, oil, power, metallurgy, transportation, national defense industry. Its right setting and the improvements of performance play an important role in the rationality o technology, economy, energy utilization and saving, which has a very important impact on the national economy.
The type of heat exchanger is various, the different use occasions and the purpose is are commonly used for the tube shell type structure, because of its simple structure, low cost and wide selection, easy to clean, strong adaptability, the most widely used in various industry departments.
Fixed tube plate heat exchanger is a kind of typical structure of tube and shell heat exchanger, also is a kind of heat exchanger is applied more widely. This kind of heat exchanger has simple and compact structure, high reliability, the characteristics of wide adaptability, and the production of low cost, wide range of selection of materials, heat exchange surface cleaning more convenient. Fixed tube plate heat exchanger can operate under high pressure and temperature, therefore, the heat exchanger in high temperature and high pressure and large in its possession of absolute advantage.
Fixed tube plate heat exchanger is mainly composed of shell, heat
exchange tube bundle, tube plate, the front tube box (also known as the roof or head) and the back-end structure parts. Tube bundle is installed on both ends of casing, which is fixed on the tube plate. Tube box and the back-end respectively connected to the
flange bolts at the ends of the shell structure, maintenance or cleaning for easy disassembly. The merits of the heat exchanger design ultimately depends on whether applicable, economic, safe, flexible and reliable running, convenient maintenance cleaning, etc. A high heat transfer efficiency, compact, low cost, safe and reliable production of heat exchanger, requires carefully considered in the design of all sorts of problems. The accurate thermal design and calculation, but also for intensity and conform to the requirement of process manufacturing level. Keywords:Heat exchanger,Fixed tube plate heat exchanger, Structure,Design
