summary-writing总结写法

高中英语写作课Summary Writing教学设计教材分析：“读写任务”是高考的重要题型，它要求学生通过阅读材料，获取信息并概括要点，在此基础上，写出自己的内容。

这就要求学生具备较强的概括水平。

虽然学生已经非常熟悉这种题型，但很多同学在概括文章要点时还存有一定的困难。

学情分析:高三的学生在英语语言知识和英语写作技能方面已经有了一定的基础，他们对如何写摘要都有一定的理解。

1．根据教育心里学的观点, 不同年龄阶段的学生具有自身特有的心理活动, 教学要根据学生的年龄特征以获取更好的效果. 高三的学生大多18、19岁,其个体思维的发展正处于初步成熟期，他们在学习行为上表现更主动。

在学习策略上，他们：1) 会积极探索适合自己的英语学习方法2) 会通过不同信息渠道获取所需信息3）遇到实际困难时，会有效地寻求协助2．高三（3）班是一个理科班，学生有重理轻文的倾向，在用英语实行交际时还存有一定的困难，局部学生可能在完成任务的过程中会遇到一些困难。

教学目标：1．［语言知识目标］写摘要的三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。

2．［技能和策略目标］阅读时找主题句和四个写摘要的微技能3．［水平、情感、态度目标］培养学生的书面表达水平；培养学生合作精神和竞争的意识。

设计理念：1．以探究式教学理论为依据，采取“任务型”教学模式（task—based model），让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与、合作和竞争等方式, 实现任务目标，感受成功.2．渗透主体性合作式学习理念，发挥学生的主体性和教师的指导性作用，让学生在一个轻松、愉快、民主的气氛中获取英语知识和培养英语使用水平。

教学媒体：本节课采取了传统和现代相结合的教学手段，既使用了黑板和粉笔，又使用了电脑制作了多媒体课件。

教学方法设计：合作探究法：个人、2人或4人小组为单位，参与英语的各项交际活动。

教学过程设计及简要分析：Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Lead-in :Task 1: Students read and pick out the topic sentence.----finished by students aloneMaterial One: Reading —Topic sentencePassage 1A terrible earthquake broke out in Istanbul, the capital of Turkey, on the early morning of September 14, 2006, at 4 o’clock. As most people were still in deep sleep when the earthquake was happening, all the people were in a panic, which led to a disastrous result—about 200 people were killed in the earthquake, and many more were seriously injured, with hundreds of thousands homeless. The local government is organizing the rescue and the international aid has also come from many countries, including China.Which of the following is the topic sentence?1 A terrible earthquake broke out in Istanbul.2About 200 people were killed in the earthquake.3The international aid has also come from many countries, including China.4All the people were in a panic during the earthquake.Passage 2Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed.. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take people where their dreams lie, whether within one’s country or abroad. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. So we can say transportation has been improved a great deal.Which of the following is the topic sentence?5Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another.6Today the picture has changed.7Transportation has been improved a great deal.8Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. Step 2 Instruction and DrillingTask 2: 1) Students reflect and summarize how to write a summary.----finished by students alone or in pairsPoint out four skills of summary writing.2) Students do some exercises.----finished by students first individually then in pairsMaterial Two: RewritingRewrite the following sentences ------- (each with one sentence).1. Kate looked at Paul and said angrily, “You put too much salt on your food.”_________________________________________________________________ ______2.She bought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes,potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend._________________________________________________________________ ______3.Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from theirparents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games._________________________________________________________________ ______Step 3 ConsolidationTask 3: Students use the skills acquired from the above and fill in the blanks. Material 3 Summary1. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks.It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep. So I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I don’t think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”“So do I,” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?”“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “You see, I’ve forgotten my key.”“You what?” he called.“My key,” I shouted.Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Summary:On arriving home early in the morning, the writer failed to ______________________________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _________________________________, but was found by ___________________. Soon his shouting woke his wife.Task 4: Students write a summary alone with about 30 words .2. Write a summary with about 30 words.Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when ads give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a wise choice when he buys something. It is useful because it can help the customer know more about the kinds of goods available in the shops.However, some ads are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want unnecessary things by doing ads cleverly. They set out to make us believe what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. For example, the voice on TV says, “By using our SKII, it makes your skin crystal” The screen shows a series of pictures in which a famous actress not only has her skin whitened but also has her pronounced wrinkles silkily smoothed. Some ladies with dark skin will be persuaded to choose that cosmetic（化妆品）.Task 5: Check it in a group of four.Step 4 AssignmentWrite a summary on Page 186.Reflection(反思)：本节课遵循循序渐进，螺旋式推动课堂教学的原则，对课题“Writing a summary”实行教学。

如何写一篇英语文章的summarysummary是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。

它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。

摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要。

1）细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（the maintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。

2）弄清要求。

搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

3）列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。

在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。

将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。

在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例。

摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。

要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。

（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

s u m m a r y-w r i t i n g(原文及范文)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1summary writing(原文及范文）WritingDirections: For this part, you are to write a summary of either of two articles that are presented to you in the following. Your summary should be 150-200 words. Remember to write neatly.Science and HumanityThe twentieth century saw more momentous change than any previous century: change for better, change for worse; change that brought enormous benefits to human beings, change that threatens the very existence of the human species. Many factors contributed to this change but—in my opinion—the most important factor was the progress in science.Academic research in the physical and biological sciences has vastly broadened our horizons; it has given us a deep insight into the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous evolution. Technology—the application of science—has made fantastic advances that have affected us beneficially in nearly every aspect of life: betterhealth, more wealth, less drudgery (单调沉闷的工作), greater access to information.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of sciencehas been employed to the detriment(损害) of mankind. The application of scienceand technology to the development and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction has created a real threat to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use in combat has so far occurred only in 1945—when two Japanese cities were destroyed— during the four decades of the Cold War, obscenely huge arsenals(武器库) of nuclear weapons were accumulated and made ready for use.The arsenals were so large that if the weapons had actually been detonated (爆炸) the result could have been the complete extinction of the human species, as well as of many animal species.William Shakespeare said: "The web of our life is of a mingled (混合的) yarn, good and ill together. " The above brief review of the application of only one strand of human activities— science—seems to bear out this adage (格言). But does it have to be so Must ill always accompany good deeds Are we biologically programmed for aggression and warI am not an authority in genetics, but from my readings and life-long observation I do not see any evidence that we are genetically condemned to commit evil. On the contrary, on very general grounds I would say that genetically we are destined to do things that are of benefit to the human species, and that the negativeaspects are mistakes, transient errors in the process of evolution. In other words, I believe in the inherent goodness of Man.We are thus faced with a daunting (威吓，使胆怯) dilemma. As a process ofnatural evolution, science should be allowed to develop freely, without restrictions. But can we afford the luxury of uninhibited research in the natural sciences, with itsawesome (可怕的) potential of total destruction, in a world in which war is still arecognized social institutionThe preservation of the human species and its continuing enhancement demand that we learn to live with one another in peace and harmony. But thislearning process has been slow and arduous (费力的), and is not yet complete. Dueto the harsh conditions under which primitive man lived, he often had to fight with other human beings for survival. Individual killing and, later, collective killing—war—thus began to be seen as a natural phenomenon.We are still not organized for a war-free world. But in the meantime, the human species may be brought to an end by the use of the tools of destruction, themselves the product of science and technology.In my opinion, the problem has to a large extent arisen from the uneven rate of advance in the different areas of human activities, in particular, between the progress in the natural sciences—which include the physical and biological disciplines, and the various social sciences—economics, sociology, politics (with psychology perhaps at the interface between the two major groups). Undoubtedly, there has been much faster progress in the natural sciences than in the social ones.Why have the natural sciences, especially the physical sciences, advanced so much faster than the social sciences It is not because physicists are wiser or cleverer than, say, economists. The explanation is simply that physics is easier to master than economics. Although the material world is a highly complex system, for practical purposes it can be described by a few general laws. The laws of physics areimmutable (不可改变的). They apply everywhere, on this planet as well aseverywhere else in the universe, and are not affected by human reactions and emotions, as the social sciences are.How can we tackle this unevenness in the rate of progress of of science Two ways come to mind: one, by accelerating the rate of progress in the social sciences; two, by slowing down the rate of advancement of the natural sciences in some areas, for example, by the imposition of ethical codes of conduct.Clearly, the former is by far the preferable way. What we would like to see is faster progress in the social sciences, leading to the establishment of a social system which would make war not only unnecessary but unthinkable; a system in which the existence of old, or the invention of new, weapons of mass destruction, would not matter, because nobody would dream of using them; a system in which people will be able to say: “nuclear weapons: who cares”Responsibility for one's actions is, of course, a basic requirement of every citizen, not just of scientists. Each of us must be accountable for our deeds. But the need for such responsibility is particularly imperative for scientists, if only because scientists understand the technical problems better than the average citizen or politician. And knowledge brings responsibility.In any case, scientists do not have a completely free hand. The general public, through elected governments, have the means to control science, either by withholding (抑制) the purse, or by imposing restrictive regulations harmful to science. Clearly it is far better that any control should be exercised by the scientists themselves, through a self-imposed code of conduct. The establishment of an ethical code of conduct for scientists is an idea whose time has come.Summary：Science and HumanityThe twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a basic instinct that man tends to protect oneself by fighting with others. The progress in the nautral sciences is much faster than that in social sciences because laws in natural sciences are immutable and apply everywhere and are not affected by human reactions and emotions. For even developmemt and for a better future of mankind, imposition of ethical codes is necessary. Everyone should be responsible for his behavior, especially the scientists. (166 words)China Sees Opportunities in Climate ChangeUNLIKE America’s leaders, China’s bosses are not much troubled by recalcitrant（顽强的）legislatures. The government has therefore had no difficulty in executing a smart volte face（完全改变）on climate change. Around three years ago its fierce resistance to the notion of any limit on its greenhouse-gas emissions started to soften. It now seems to be making serious efforts to control them.One reason for this change is the country’s growing awareness of i ts vulnerability to a warming world. The monsoon（季风）seems to be weakening,travelling less far inland and dumping its rainfall on the coasts. As a result China is seeing floods in the south-east and droughts in the north-west. At the same time the country’s leaders are deeply concerned about the melting of the glaciers on the Tibetan plateau, which feed not just the Ganges, the Indus, the Brahmaputra and the Mekong but also the Yangzi and Yellow rivers .A second reason is China’s growing sense of global re sponsibility. The country is not only the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases; it now regards itself, and is regarded, as one of the world’s leading powers, and therefore expects to work with the other big powers to tackle global problems such as the economic crisis, nuclear proliferation（核扩散）and climate change.A third reason is energy security. Although China has large coal reserves, it is also a big importer. Concerns about excessive dependence on foreign fossil fuels sharpened when China’s oil i mports rocketed and, in 2005, the attempt by CNOOC （China National Offshore Oil Corporation), China’s largest offshore oil and gascompany, to buy America’s Unocal was rebuffed. China’s push into nuclear and renewable energy has been driven by its need to diversify its energy sources.The fourth reason is economic. The Kyoto protocol has given China an incentive to clean up its act. China has received $2 billion through the CDM（Clean Development Mechanism) for cleaning up its industrial processes and building clean-energy capacity—half the money that has flowed through the CDM. That is expected to rise to $8 billion by 2012.But a longer-term economic motive springs from a shift in the way China thinks about growth. In the past, its all-out drive for growth has led it to rebuff pressure to cut emissions. Attempts to control pollution foundered on the performance-assessment system for officials at all levels of government, which prioritises growth. But that has been adjusted to encourage energy efficiency, and at the same time the leadership has started to argue that growth and greenery are compatible.Since Wen Jiabao took over as prime minister, the leadership has tried to define economic growth as something broader and longer-term than GDP figures imply: the emphasis has been on a “harmonious society” and “scientific development”. Nobody was sure what the latter meant, but Mr Wen has recently been talking about a more “resource-efficient environmentally friendly society” and Hu Jintao, the president, has refer red several times to a “low-carbon economy” and a “green economy”.Local pollution may help to explain the shift. Residents are infuriated by filthy air and water that kills people and damages unborn children. Policies to cut carbon-dioxide emissions—through reducing the energy used to produce goods—can help clean up China’s cities at the same time.More interesting is the idea that clean energy might be a source of growth rather than a constraint on it. China, so the argument goes, missed out on the computer revolution. It makes hardware, but American firms own most of the valuable stuff—the intellectual property for the software. “You can’t get rich making socks and toys,” explains Lin Jiang, director of the China Sustainable Energy Programme at the Energy Foundation in San Francisco. “They’re looking for the next growth industry. Clean energy clearly has huge potential. And no country dominates the industry yet. It’s a wide-open field.” Hu Angang, an economist at Tsinghua University, calls this “a huge opp ortunity for China. The country will become the largest renewable-energy market, bio-energy market, clean-coal market, nuclear-power market, carbon-exchange market, environmental-technology market, low-carbon economy, exporter of low-carbon products and low-carbon-technology innovator.”The government is giving the economy a shove in that direction. In 2006 the five-year plan set a target for a 20% cut in the energy intensity of GDP by the end of 2010. The start was slow, but by the end of last year it had managed 10% and it now looks on track for its target. According to Mr Lin, that would mean a reduction in carbon emissions of billion tonnes per year by 2010, more than the Waxman-Markey bill’s caps for domestic industry would take out of America’s econom y by 2020. China has relatively tight vehicle fuel-efficiency standards . Electric vehicles are being generously subsidised ($8,800 for a car and $73,500 for a bus) and the government plans to build the capacity to produce half a million a year by 2012.The most visible changes have come in renewable energy. In 2005 the National People’s Congress passed legislation to offer subsidies for renewable energy—around twice the amount for coal. For wind energy, the target was set at 20GW of capacity by 2020. The subsidy generated so much building that China now expects to hit that target by the end of this year and is aiming for 150GW by 2020. “It’s like a gold rush right now,” says Mr Lin. The target for solar energy, similarly, has been raised from to 20GW by 2020.To put this in context, wind currently generates only % of Chinese electricity. Coal generates 80%. And, although China’s government does not have to jump the legislative hurdles faced by America’s president, it sometimes struggles to get policy implem ented on the ground. Yet if China’s many layers of government canbe persuaded that green means growth, they will cleave（坚持）to this policy; andthe leadership seems keen to make that happen.China, thus, is after the same “green jobs” that Americans have b een promised as part of their road to economic recovery. America has huge advantages in terms of technology and capital, but China has a couple of things going for it too: cheaper labour and a leadership unconstrained by the need to get re-elected every four years. China can play a long game, which helps when dealing with climate change.SummaryChina Sees Opportunities in Climate ChangeIn order to help deal with climate change, Chinese government made a smart change and will make serious efforts to control its greenhouse gas emissions. As a big importer of energy resources, with the raising awareness of its vulnerability to a warming world and the growing sense of global responsibility, with the incentive given by the Kyoto Protocol and $2 billion provided by the CDM for cleaning up its industry processes and building clean-energy capacity, this change is justified for China. Since China's leadership realized that growth and greenery are compatible and advocated to have a "low-carbon" and "green" economy, the government set a target of a reduction in carbon emissions of billion tons per year by 2010 by tightening vehicle-efficiency standards and diversifying its energy sources, such as wind energy. Actually, the practice of "green jobs" is a great opportunity for China to clean up its cities and build clean-energy capacity. In the long run, China will become the largest renewable energy market in the world. With cheaper labours and a stronger leadership, China can play a long game in dealing with climate change. (187 words)。

考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

英语写作summary关于总结，我们在接触到英文之后，这个写作也接踵而来。

下面是店铺给大家整理的英语写作summary，供大家参阅!英语写作summary：Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from WrongArticleChildren Must be T aught to Tell Right from WrongWilliam KilpatrickMany of today’s young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension (道德层面) to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews (回避) teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision-making,” was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. (品格教育)” Character education didn’t ask children to reinvent the moral wheel (浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准); instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control.In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, teachers worried about students chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape.Decision-making curriculums pose thorny (棘手的) ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they’ve never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous (薄弱的) hold. The assumption behindthis method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed.This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education (价值观教育) programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem (自尊). These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won’t want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive (无指导性的), non-judgmental (无是非观的), as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality (思想) that has pervaded (渗透) public education for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today’s drug education, sex education and values-education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place.Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with (胡乱摆弄) outdated “feel-good” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money—if it feels right—you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such aconclusion—just about any conclusion—can be reached and justified using the decision-making method.It is time to consign (寄出) the fads (风尚) of “deci sion-making” and “non-judgmentalism” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it.SampleSummary of “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong”In his essay “,” fervently that the approach to the moral education of American youth, which replaced “character education” 25 years ago, has prevented juveniles from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral principles that are fundamental to American society.subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted flexibly and even about what should be clearly right or wrong.are the unexpected outcomes of that subscribe to the “non-judgmental” mindset dominating . that feeling good warrants morality excuses students from criticizing and disciplining their own behaviors.emphasizing practice instead of discussion.英语summary的写作技巧摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。