专业英语作业生态学

《生态学专业英语词汇》一、生态学基础词汇1. 生态系统（Ecosystem）2. 生物多样性（Biodiversity）3. 生态位（Niche）4. 食物链（Food Chain）5. 食物网（Food Web）6. 生物量（Biomass）7. 生产者（Producer）8. 消费者（Consumer）10. 环境因子（Environmental Factor）二、生态学过程与现象1. 竞争（Competition）2. 捕食（Predation）3. 共生（Symbiosis）4. 生物入侵（Biological Invasion）5. 生物放大（Biological Magnification）6. 生态演替（Ecological Succession）7. 生物地球化学循环（Biogeochemical Cycle）8. 碳循环（Carbon Cycle）9. 氮循环（Nitrogen Cycle）10. 水循环（Water Cycle）三、生态学分支与研究方向1. 景观生态学（Landscape Ecology）2. 生态系统生态学（Ecosystem Ecology）3. 行为生态学（Behavioral Ecology）4. 进化生态学（Evolutionary Ecology）5. 环境生态学（Environmental Ecology）6. 应用生态学（Applied Ecology）7. 恢复生态学（Restoration Ecology）8. 城市生态学（Urban Ecology）9. 乡村生态学（Rural Ecology）10. 海洋生态学（Marine Ecology）四、生态学实验与技术研究1. 生态调查（Ecological Survey）2. 样方调查（Quadrat Sampling）3. 实验设计（Experimental Design）4. 遥感技术（Remote Sensing）5. 地理信息系统（GIS）6. 生态模型（Ecological Model）7. 生态模拟（Ecological Simulation）8. 环境监测（Environmental Monitoring）9. 生态修复（Ecological Restoration）10. 生物指示物（Bioindicator）五、生态学政策与管理1. 生态保护（Ecological Conservation）2. 生态红线（Ecological Red Line）3. 生态补偿（Ecological Compensation）4. 生态规划（Ecological Planning）5. 生态风险评估（Ecological Risk Assessment）6. 可持续发展（Sustainable Development）7. 生态文明建设（Ecological Civilization Construction）8. 环境影响评价（Environmental Impact Assessment）9. 生态系统服务（Ecosystem Services）10. 自然保护区（Nature Reserve）六、生态学理论与概念深化1. 生态效率（Ecological Efficiency）描述能量或物质在生态系统中从一个营养级传递到下一个营养级的效率。

生态学专业英语教程Ecology English CourseIntroduction:Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and other sciences to understand the complex relationships and processes that govern ecosystems. This English course is designed to help students in the field of ecology improve their English language skills and enhance their ability to communicate and collaborate with international researchers and scholars.Course Objectives:- Develop English language skills specific to the field of ecology, including scientific writing, speaking, reading, and listening.- Expand vocabulary related to ecological concepts, research methods, and environmental issues.- Improve understanding of scientific literature and ability to critically analyze research papers.- Enhance communication skills for presenting research findings, participating in scientific conferences, andcollaborating with international colleagues.- Foster cross-cultural communication and understanding in the context of ecological research.Course Content:1. Introduction to Ecology: This module provides an overview of the principles and concepts of ecology, including the levels of organization, energy flow, and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.2. Ecological Research Methods: This module focuses on the various methods used in ecological research, including field studies, laboratory experiments, and modeling techniques.3. Biodiversity and Conservation: This module explores the importance of biodiversity, the threats to biodiversity, and the strategies for conservation and restoration.4. Climate Change and Ecology: This module examines the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and the role of ecology in mitigating and adapting to these changes.5. Ecological Interactions: This module explores the interactions between organisms, including predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism.6. Ecological Modeling: This module introduces the use of mathematical and computer models in ecological research andtheir applications in predicting ecosystem dynamics.7. Ecotoxicology: This module focuses on the study of the effects of pollutants on organisms and ecosystems and the strategies for pollution prevention and remediation.8. Human Ecology: This module examines the interactions between humans and the environment, including the impacts of human activities on ecosystems and the development of sustainable practices.Assessment:- Regular quizzes and assignments to test understanding of course materials.- Research paper writing and presentation to demonstrate scientific writing and communication skills.- Participation in group discussions and debates to promote critical thinking and collaboration.This ecological English course aims to provide students with the necessary language skills and knowledge to excel in their academic and professional endeavors in the field of ecology. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the tools to effectively communicate scientific ideas, engage in interdisciplinary research, and contribute to the global effort of understanding and protecting our environment.。

生态学专业英语Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. Ecologists study the interactions between organisms and their environment, including how organisms adapt to their environment and how they affectthe environment. The goal of ecology is to understand the principles that govern the distribution and abundance of organisms.Ecologists use a variety of methods to study ecosystems, including field observations, laboratory experiments, and mathematical modeling. They may study a wide range of organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals, and their interactions with each other and their environment.One important concept in ecology is the idea of the ecosystem, which is a community of organisms and thephysical environment with which they interact. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as a forest, and they can include both living and nonliving components.Ecologists study how energy and nutrients flow throughecosystems and how these flows influence the distribution and abundance of organisms.Another important concept in ecology is the idea of sustainability, which is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its balance over time. Ecologists study how human activities, such as agriculture, urbanization, and pollution, affect the sustainability of ecosystems and how we can manage ecosystems to promote sustainability.In conclusion, ecology is a fascinating and important field that helps us understand the natural world and how we can live in harmony with it. By studying the interactions between organisms and their environment, ecologists can help us make informed decisions about how to manage our natural resources and protect the environment for future generations.生态学是一门研究生物与环境之间关系的科学。

各专业英语专业名词1. 计算机科学：Computer Science，算法（Algorithm），数据结构（Data Structure），编程语言（Programming Language），软件工程（Software Engineering）等。

2. 医学：Medicine，解剖学（Anatomy），生理学（Physiology），药理学（Pharmacology），病理学（Pathology）等。

3. 经济学：Economics，宏观经济学（Macroeconomics），微观经济学（Microeconomics），国际贸易（International Trade），财政学（Finance）等。

4. 物理学：Physics，力学（Mechanics），电磁学（Electromagnetism），热力学（Thermodynamics），量子力学（Quantum Mechanics）等。

5. 生物学：Biology，细胞生物学（Cell Biology），遗传学（Genetics），生态学（Ecology），进化论（Evolution）等。

6. 心理学：Psychology，人格心理学（Personality Psychology），社会心理学（Social Psychology），发展心理学（Developmental Psychology），认知心理学（Cognitive Psychology）等。

7. 工程学：Engineering，机械工程（Mechanical Engineering），电气工程（Electrical Engineering），化学工程（Chemical Engineering），土木工程（Civil Engineering）等。

这只是一小部分专业的英语专业名词示例，每个领域都有其独特的专业术语。

如果你需要特定领域的专业名词，可以提供更多信息，我将尽力为你提供帮助。

一、1.Emerging organic contaminant removal depending on primary treatment and operational strategy in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Influence of redox. 20 在水平潜流湿地中基于初级处理和运行方式对新兴有机污染物的去除：氧化还原反应的影响。

2. Pretreatment methods for aquatic plant biomass as carbon sources for potential use in treating eutrophic water in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. 21潜流人工湿地预处理方法对水生植物生物量作为碳源在富营养化水体处理中的潜在应用。

3.Performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for secondary treatment of chromium-bearing tannery wastewaters. 14 中试规模人工湿地作为制革厂含铬废水的二级处理的性能研究。

4. Influence of plants on microbial activity in a vertical-downflow wetland system treating waste activated sludge with high organic matter concentrations.21垂直流湿地废水处理系统的含高有机物浓度的活性污泥中微生物活动对植物的影响。

5.Toxicity of high salinity tannery wastewater and effects on constructed wetland plants. 12制革厂废水的高盐分对人工湿地植物的毒性和影响。

生态学专业英语词汇总结摘要生态学是研究生物与其所处环境之间的相互关系和作用的科学。

生态学专业是培养具有生态学基础理论和方法，能够从事生态系统管理、保护和恢复等工作的高级人才的专业。

生态学专业的本科核心课程包括基础生态学、代谢生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、保护生物学、进化生物学、生态系统生态学和生态学研究技术等。

本文旨在为生态学专业的学习和教学提供参考。

1. 基础生态学基础生态学是介绍生态学基本概念、原理和方法的课程，主要内容包括生态系统结构和功能、能量流动和物质循环、环境因子对生物分布和适应的影响、种间关系和群落动态等。

该课程涉及的专业英语词汇如下表所示：中文英文生态学ecology生物organism种species种群population群落community生境habitat生态位niche生物多样性biodiversity物种多样性species diversity物种丰富度species richness物种均匀度species evenness物种相似性species similarity物种区系flora and fauna物种地理分布biogeography生物圈biosphere生态系统ecosystem生产者producer消费者consumer分解者decomposer能量流动energy flow物质循环nutrient cycling碳循环carbon cycle氮循环nitrogen cycle磷循环phosphorus cycle环境因子environmental factor光照light温度temperature水分moisture土壤soilpH值pH value盐度salinity适应性adaptation突变mutation自然选择natural selection遗传漂变genetic drift基因流gene flow物种形成speciation物种灭绝extinction种间关系interspecific interaction共生关系symbiosis寄生关系parasitism共利关系mutualism共栖关系commensalism捕食关系predation2. 代谢生态学代谢生态学是研究生物体在不同环境条件下的能量代谢和物质转化过程及其规律的课程，主要内容包括代谢类型、代谢率、代谢平衡、代谢效率、代谢策略等。

生态学专业英语第一篇：生态学专业英语Plot 样方Treatment 处理materials 材料field trial 大田试验design 设计 sample 样品斑块 patch 半荒漠 semi-desert 伴生种 companion species 饱和密度 saturation density 北方针叶林 northern conifer forest 本能instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior 避敌 avoiding predator 边缘效应edge effect 变异性 variability表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation 并行的 simultaneous 捕食predation不重叠的 non-overlapping 草原生态系统 grassland system 层次性结构 hierachical structure 长日照植物 long day plant 尺度效应 scaling effect臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction 出生率natality或birth rate 初级生产者 primary producer 传感器 sensor垂直结构 vertical structure 春化 vernalization次生演替 secondary successon 存活曲线 survival curve 存活值survival value 存在度 presence 单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem 氮循环 nitrogen cycling 等级的 hierarchical 地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes 地上芽植物 chamaephytes点突变genic mutation或point mutation 顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落 climax community 顶极种 climax species动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory 短日照植物short day plant 断层gaps 多度 abundance 多样化 variety 多元的 poly thetic 厄尔尼诺 El Nino 反馈 feedback 反射 reflex 泛化种 generalist防卫行为 defennce behavior 非生物环境 physical environment 非线性关系 nonlinear 分布 dispersion 分解者 decomposer 分子进化的中性理论 the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学 molecular ecology 浮游动物 plankton 负反馈 negative feedback)负相互作用 negative interaction复合种群metapopulation 富营养化现象eutrohication 改良relamation 盖度 coverage 盖度比 cover ratio 干扰 disturbance 干扰作用 interference 高度 height高斯假说 Coarse's hypothesis 高位芽植物 phanerophytes 个体individual 更新 renewal功能生态位 functional niche 关键种 keystone species 关联系数association coefficients 光饱和点 light saturation point 光补偿点light compensation point 光周期photoperiod 旱生植物siccocolous 红树林 mangrove 呼吸量 respiration 互利 mutualism 互利作用synomonal 化感作用allelopathy 化学生态学chemical ecology 环境 environment环境容纳量 environmental carryin capacity 荒漠 desert荒漠化 desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem 黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon 恢复生态学 restoration ecology 混合型 mixed type 基础生态位 Fundamental niche 基质 matrix 集群型 clumped 寄生 parasitism加速期 accelerating phase 价值 value间接排序 indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis 减速期decelerating phase 简单聚合法 lumping 碱性植物 alkaline soil plant 建群种 constructive species 进化适应 evolutionary adaptation 经典型复合种群classic metapopulation 经济密度economic density 景观 landscape景观格局 landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model 景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型 spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学 landscape ecology 竞争 competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle 距离效应distance effect 聚合的 agglomerative 均匀型 uniform可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure 空间模型 spatial model 空间生态位 spatial niche 空间异质性 spatial heterogeneity 库 pool 廊道 corridor离散性 discrete 利己作用 allomona 利他作用 kairomonal 猎食行为hunting behavior 林冠火crown fire 磷循环phosphorus cycling 零假说 null hypothesis 领域性 territoriality 流 flow 逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation 密度density 密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect 灭绝extinction 模拟hametic 模型modeling 内稳态homeostasis 内在的 intrinsic耐阴植物 shade－enduring plants能量分配原则 principle of energy allocation 能量流动 energy flow年龄分布 age distribution 年龄结构 age structure 偶见种 rare species 排序 ordination 配额 quota配偶选择mate selection 偏害amensalism 偏利commensalism 频度 frequency平衡选择 balancing selection 平台 plantform平行进化 parallel evolution 栖息地 habitat气候驯化 acclimatisation 器官 organs 趋光性 phototaxis 趋化性 chemotaxis趋同进化 convergent evolution 趋性 taxis趋异进化divergent evolution 趋异适应radiation adaptation取样调查法 sampling methods去除取样法 removal sampling 全球变暖 global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System 全球生态学global ecology 群丛association 群丛组association group 群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure 群落生态学community ecology 群落水平格局horizontal pattern 群落外貌physiognomy 群落演替 succession 群系 formation 群系组 formation group 热带旱生林 tropical dry forest 热带季雨林 tropical seasonal rainforest 热带稀树草原 tropical savanna 热带雨林 tropical rainforest 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch 人工廊道 introduced corridor 人口调查法 cencus technique人口统计学 human demography 日中性植物 day neutral plant 冗余 redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 熵值 entropy value社会性防卫行为defence behavior 社会优势等级dominance hierarchy 摄食行为 feed behavior 生活史 life history生活史对策life history strategy 生活小区 biotope 生活型 life form 生活周期 life cycle 生境 habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality 生理死亡率physiological mortality 生命表life table生态出生率 ecological natality 生态对策 bionomic strategy 生态反作用 ecological reaction生态幅 ecological amplitude 生态工程 ecological engineering 生态规划 ecological planning 生态恢复 ecological restoration 生态旅游 ecotourism 生态密度 ecological density 生态农业 ecological agriculture 生态入侵ecological invasion 生态设计ecologicaldesign 生态适应ecological adaptation 生态死亡率ecological mortality 生态位 niche生态位宽度 niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap 生态文明 ecological civilization 生态系统 ecosystem 生态系统产品ecosystem goods 生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity 生态系统服务ecosystem service 生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统学 ecosystemology生态型 ecotype 生态学 ecology生态因子ecological factor 生态元ecological unit 生态作用ecological effect 生物 organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity 生物量 biomass 生物潜能 biotic potential生物群落 biotic community，biome 生物群落演替 succession 生殖潜能reproductive potential 剩余空间residual space 湿地wetland 湿地植物 hygrophyte 时间结构 temporal structure 实际出生率realized natality 实际死亡率realized mortality 食草动物herbivores 食肉动物 carnivores 食物链 food chain食物网 food wed 矢量 vector 适合度 fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation 适应值adaptive value 适应组合adaptive suites 收获理论harvest theory 收益外泄externalized profit 衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern 水土流失 soil and water erosion 水循环 water cycling 死亡率 mortality & death rate 酸性土理论 acid soil plant 酸雨 acid rain 随机型 random常用生态学词汇，英汉对照abundance 多度acclimation 驯化age structure 年龄结构age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表agroecosystem 农业生态系统 alleles 等位基因allopatric speciation 异域性物种 asexual reproduction 无性生殖 association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论associations 群丛biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物浓缩biological enrichment 生物富集 biomass 生物量 biome 生物带bionomic strategy 生态对策 biosphere生物圈 bottle neck 瓶颈Some special words in ecology(C)cannibalism 同种相食carnivores 食肉动物 carring capacity 负荷量 catastrophic 灾难性因素 chamaephytes(Ch)地上芽植物 character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物 climate climax 气候顶级 climate school 气候学派 climax community 顶级群落 climax 顶级群落 cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落 clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互动态 co-evolution 协同进化 cohort 同生群 cold desert 冷荒漠 colonization 定居, 建群 coloration 色泽communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落 communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落 communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵 community organization 群落组织community 群落companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食 competition coefficient 竞争系数 competition hypothesis 竞争假说 competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争conservation 保守主义者conspicuousness 显著度 constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争 continental rise 大陆隆 continental shelf 大陆架 continental slope 大陆坡 convergent adaptation 趋同适应 convergent oscillation 趋同波动 cost of gene recombination 基因重组价 cost of mating 交配价 cost of meiosis减数分裂价 courtship behavior 求偶行为 coverage 盖度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隐芽植物Some special words in ecology(D)decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约 density effect 密度效应density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制约density-independent 非密度制约deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链 detritus feeder 食碎生物 development 发育diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表 diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争diominant-submissive 支配—从属directional selection 定向选择discrete generation 离散世代disruptive selection 分裂选择 disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级divergent oscillation 趋异波动dominance 优势度dominant species 建群种 dominant species 优势种dominant-submissive 支配—从属关系 dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 动态分类系统 dynamic life table 动态生命表dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表Some special words in ecology(E)earth nucleus 地幔 earth's crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生态幅ecological density 生态密度ecological dominance 生态优势 ecological environment 生态环境ecological equivalent 生态等值种ecological factor 生态因子ecological force 生态力ecological invasion 生态入侵ecological natality 生态出生率 ecological release 生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystem development 生态系统的发育 Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学 ecosystem 生态系统ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说ecotype 生态型ectotherm 外温动物 edge effect 边缘效应eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象 emergy 能值 emigration 迁出endogenous migration 内因性迁移 endotherm 内温动物environment hormone 环境激素 environment 环境equilibrium theory平衡理论euphotic zone 透光带 euryecious 广栖的 euryhaline 广盐性的euryhydric 广水性的 euryphagic 广食性的eurythermal 广温性的eurytopic species 广适种eutrophication 富营养化evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林 Evolution ecology 进化生态学 evolution force 进化力exogenous migration 外因性迁移 exploitive competition 利用竞争exponetial growth 指数增长Some special words in ecology(F)facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭选择farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统fecundity schedule 生育力表 fecundity 生育力 feedback 反馈feeding niches 取食生态位 filter food 滤食性生物 fine grained 细粒性分布 finite rate of increase 周限增长率fitness 合适度floristic-structural classification 植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation 波动food chain 食物链formation group 群系组formation 群系 formation 植物群系foundational niche 基础生态龛 freshwater ecology 淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统function response 功能反应Some special words in ecology(G)gamete selection 配子选择 gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 气体循环 geng pool 基因库geographic variation 地理变异geographical theory of speciation 物种形成geometric growth 几何级数增长geophytes(G)地下芽植物global ecology 全球生态gradient hypothesis 梯度假说grain 粒性 grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物链greenhouse effect 温室效应gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 总初级生产力 group selection 群体选择 group selection 群体选择group selection 群选择 growth form 生长型 guild 同资源团Some special words in ecology(H)habal zone 深渊带 habitat 生境 heath 石楠群丛 height 高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食动物heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophs 异养生物hibernation 冬眠homeostasis 内稳态homeostasis 自调节稳态homeostatic organism 内稳态生物homeostatic process 内稳定过程human demography 人口统计学 Human ecology 人类生态学 humus 腐殖质hydrarch succession 水生演替 hydrosere 水生演替系列 Some special words in ecology(I)immigration 迁入 importance value 重要值individual converse rate 个体转化率 industrial melanism 工业黑化现象 inner capacity increase 内禀增长力 inner-environment 内环境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率 intensity 强度interference competition 干扰竞争 interference competition 干扰竞争 intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern 内分布型interspecfic relationship 种间关系 intertidal zone 潮间带intraspecific relationship 种内关系inversely density dependent 反密度制约 Island ecology 岛屿生态学 iteroparity 多次繁殖生物 iteroparous 多次生殖Some special words in ecology(J--L)J Jordan's rule 约丹定律 K keystone species 关键种 kin selection 亲属选择 kin selection 亲属选择 k-strategists k-策略者 L land cover 土地覆盖 land use 土地利用Landscape ecology 景观生态学law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum 最小因子法则law of tolerance 耐受性法则 layer 层leached layer 淋溶层 leaf area index 叶面积指数 leaf area index （LAS）叶面积指数 lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统 life cycle 生活周期 life expectancy 生命期望 life form spectrum 生活型谱 life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史对策 life history 生活史 lifespan 生活年限 lifetime 寿命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度 littoral zone 沿岸带lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统Some special words in ecology(M)macroclimate 大气候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology 海洋生态学 marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量 megafauna 巨型生物 mexofauna 中型生物 microclimate 小气候 microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生态系统micro-environment 微环境 microfauna 小型生物 microplankton 小型浮游生物 migration 迁徙 migration 迁移modular organism 构件生物 modules 构件Molecular ecology 分子生态学 monoclimax theory 单元演替顶级 monocultute 单种养殖 monogamy 单配偶制 monpohagous 单食性 monsoon forest 季风林 mortality curve 死亡曲线mortality 死亡率 mosaic 镶嵌性Some special words in ecology(N)natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n维生态龛 negative feedback 负反馈net primary production(GP)净初级生产力neutrality controversy 中性说论战niche compression 生态位压缩niche separation 生态位分离 niche shift 生态位分离 niche 生态位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论non-homeostatic organism 非内稳态生物 Some special words in ecology(O)obiotic component 非生物成分 ocean-current 洋流 ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 杂食动物open community 开放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌丛opportunist 机会主义者ordination 排序 ornamentation 修饰Some special words in ecology(P)panclimax 泛顶级pantropical 泛热带区parabiosphere 副生物圈parasites 寄生生物parasitoidism 拟寄生 parent material 母质层 parental care 亲代关怀 parental investment 亲本投资 patchiness 斑块性per capita growth rate 每员增长率 perclimax 前顶级peritrophic mycorrhizae 周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph)高位芽植物 phenotype 表现型photoperiodism 光周期现象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生态学physiological natality 生理出生率 phytochrom 色素pioneer community 先锋群落 pjarapatric speciation 邻域性物种 plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布 polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元顶级理论 polygamy 多配偶制 polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型现象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 种群生态学 population 种群porosity 粒间空隙 positive feedback 正反馈 postclimax 超顶级predation 捕食者 predator 捕食者present reproductive value 当年繁殖价值 prevail climax 优势顶级 prey 猎物prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔离 primary production 初级生产primary succession 初级演替primary succession 原生演替principle of allocation 分配原理principle of competitive exclusion 竞争互斥原理production rate 生产率 production 生产量 productivity 生产力progressive succession 进展演替protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同体pyramid of energy 能量金字塔Some special words in ecology(R)radiation adaptation 趋异适应 random 随机分布 rare species 偶见种 reaction time lag 反应滞时 reactive species 反映性物种 realized natality 实际出生率 realized nick 实际生态龛 regressive succession 逆行演替 relative frequency 相对频度relative reproductive value相对生殖值 reproduction effect 生殖成效 reproductive cost 繁殖成本 reproductive pattern 生殖格局reproductive time lag 生殖滞时 reproductive value 生殖值residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值 resilient stability 恢复稳定性 resistant stability 抵抗稳定性 Restoration ecology 恢复生态学 richness 丰度r-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略连续系统 r-strategists r-策略者Some special words in ecology(S)saprovores 食腐者savanna woodland 热带稀树草原林地scavenger 食腐者sciophytes 阳性植物scramble competition 利用竞争scramble type of competition 分摊型竞争secondary metabolites 次生代谢物质 secondary production 次级生产力secondary succession 次生演替secondary 次级演替sedimentary cycle 沉积循环selective fertilization 选择受精self-destructive 自我破坏 semelparity 一次繁殖生物 semelparous 一次生殖 sex ratio 性比sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形现象 sexual reproduction 有性生殖 sexual selection 性选择 sexual selection 性选择 shade plants 耐阴性植物Shannon-Weiner index 香农—威纳指数sieve selection hypothesis 筛选说 similarity 相似度Simpson's diversity index 辛普森多样性指数 social group 社群social hierarchy 社会等级social-economic-natural complex ecosystem 社会--经济--自然复合系统 solar emergy 太阳能值 solar emjoules 太阳能焦耳solar transformity 太阳能值转换率spatial pattern 空间格局special heterogeneity 空间异质性 speciation 物种形成species area curve 物种面积曲线 species diversity 物种多样性species evenness or equitability 种的均匀度species heterogeneity 种的不齐性 species turnover rate 种的周转率 spore reproduction 孢子生殖stability-resilience 稳定恢复力stabilizing selection 稳定选择 standing crop 现存量 static life table 静态生命表 stenoecious 窄栖性的 stenohaline 窄盐性的 stenohydric 窄水性的 stenophagic 窄食性的 stenothermal 窄温性的steppe and semideserty 干草原和半荒漠 stochastic model 随机模型 stratification 成层现象subassociation 亚群丛组 subdominant 亚优势种 subformation 亚群系 succession 演替 succulent 肉质植物 succulent 肉质植物summed dominance ratio（SDR）综合优势比 summer-green deciduous forest 夏绿落叶林survivorship curve 存活曲线sympatric speciation 同域性物种Synecology 群落生态学synusia 层片Some special words in ecology(T)Terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学 territorial behavior 领域行为 territoriality 领域性the-2/3 thinning law-2/3自疏法则the effect of neighbours 邻接效应 therophytes(Th)一年生植物 thertnoperiodism 温周期现象thorn forest and scrub 多刺森林和密灌丛time-specific life table 特定时间生命表torpor 蛰伏total neutrality hypothesis 中性说 trophic level 营养级trophic relationship 营养的联系 trophic relationship 营养联系tundra and cold forest 苔原和冷森林Some special words in ecology(U--Z)U uniform 均匀分布unitary organism 单体生物univoltine insects 一化性的昆虫upper horizon 覆盖层Urban ecology 城市生态学V vegetation subtype 植被亚型vegetation type group 植被型组vegetation type 植被型vegetative propagation 营养生殖 volume 体积 W water cycle 水循环 weight 重量X xerarch succession 旱生演替 xerophytes 旱生植物 Zzero net growth isoline（ZNGI）零增长线 zone of emergent vegetation 挺水植物带 zooplankton 浮游动物第二篇：生态学二姐：你叫我办的事情，我已了解的差不多了。