聚丙烯polypropylene（PP）聚乙烯 polyethylene（PE）聚四氟乙烯poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene （PTFE）计算机辅助设计computer aided design（CAD）电弧焊 arc welding聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride（PVC）吹塑blow moulding计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing（CAM）热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics螺杆预热装置screw preplasticiser unit空回程idle reture stroke成品 finished article溶剂保护电弧焊flux-shielded arc welding模锻 closed-die forging（stamping）临界温度 critical temperature吸塑vacuum forming热塑性塑料thermolplastic生铁 pig iron（柱塞式）注射成型机（Ram）injection moulding machine模具维护费用dies maintenance costs球化spheroidizing聚合物分子的几何形状 the geometrical form of polymer molecule 模具设计design of die注射模塑infection moulding力学性能mechanical properties分模线parting line铜基合金copper-based alloys金属压力加工metalworking低碳钢low carbon steel抗拉强度tensile strength对焊buttwelding显微组织microstructures碳化钨tungsten carbide（WC）弹性模量modulus of elasticity热处理heat treatment自由锻open-die forging（blacksmith forging）粉末冶金powder metallurgy线状聚合物linear polymers正火和回火normalizing and tempering第一讲1. 1 专业英语阅读材料：Metal Forming Processes in Manufacturing1. 2 阅读课文—— Welding1. 1 专业英语阅读材料： Metal Forming Processes in Manufacturing制造业中的金属成形工艺Metal Forming Processes in ManufacturingMetal forming includes (a) massive forming processes such as forging, extrusion, rolling and drawing and (b) sheet forming processes such as brake forming, deep drawing and stretch forming. Among the group of manufacturing processes discussed earlier, metal forming represents a highly significant group of processes for producing industrial and military components and consumer goods.译文金属成形包括体积成形和板料成形。
体积成形有锻造、挤压、轧制和拉拔；板料成形有压弯、深拉深和张拉成形等。
早期对这类制造工艺的讨论认为：金属成形是用于工业，军事及消费品生产的重要工艺。
Metal Forming Processes in ManufacturingA common way of classifying metal forming processes is to consider cold (room temperature) and hot (above the recrystallization temperature) forming. Most materials behave differently under the different temperature conditions. Usually, the yield stress of metal increases with increasing strain (or deformation) duringcold forming and with increasing stain rate (or deformation rate) during hot forming. However, the general principles governing the forming of metals at various temperatures are basically the same; therefore, classification of forming processes based on initial material temperature does not contribute a great deal to the understanding and improvement of theses processes. In fact, tool design, machinery, automation, part handling and lubrication concepts can be best considered by means of a classification based not on temperature but rather on specific input and output geometries and material and production rate conditions. 译文一般将金属成形按温度分为冷成形（室温）和热成形（再结晶温度以上）。
大多数材料在不同的温度有不同的特性。
通常，在冷成形中材料的屈服应力随应变的增加而增加，而在热成形中，材料的屈服应力随应变比（变形率）的增加而增加。
但是，在不同温度下决定金属成形的原理基本是相同的。
因此，成型工艺的分类是以原材料的温度为基础的，而不是根据对这些工艺的了解和改进而进行的。
事实上，模具设计、设备、自动化、零件的操控及润滑概念不是通过温度分类来考虑的，而要考虑材料、输入输出时的零件形状、生产率等因素。
Metal Forming Processes in ManufacturingComplex geometries, in both massive and sheet forming processes, can be obtained equally well by cold or hot forming. Of course, due to the lower yield strength of the deforming material at elevated temperatures, tool stresses and machine loads are, in a relative sense, lower in hot forming than in cold forming.译文在体积成形和板料成形工艺中，用热加工和冷加工都可获得形状复杂的零件。
当然，由于变形材料在高温下屈服强度较低，在热成形时模具压力和设备的吨位要比冷成形时小些。
Lesson13 Welding专业名词及术语:welding 焊接pressurewelding压力焊spotwelding点焊buttwelding对头（缝）焊fusionwelding 熔焊flux-shielded arc welding 溶剂保护电弧焊专业名词及术语:diversity不同，多样性fastening 连接件，紧固件shielding 遮护，屏蔽soldering 软钎焊，(低温）焊料bismuth铋cadmium镉专业名词及术语:rivet铆钉，铆接braze硬钎焊，铜焊oxidation氧化flux 焊接，助熔剂squeeze挤压oxy-acetylene 氧（乙）炔专业名词及术语:torch焊炬electrod电（焊) 极，焊条filler填充剂overlap搭接，重叠strike放电句子分析：1. Not only metals can be welded, so can many of the plastics.不但金属能焊接，许多塑料也能焊接。
2. One of the most important operations in soldering is that of cleaning the surface to be joined, this may be done by some acid cleaner.软钎焊中最重要的操作之一是清除所要焊的金属表面，这可以通过酸性清洁剂来实现。
句子分析：3. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat—for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1300 C –in a flame.用火焰把金属端部加热到白热状态----铁的焊接温度约为1300度。
句子分析：4. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld.因为杂质将削弱焊接质量，必须注意要确保金属表面得先清除干净。
句子分析：5. In this important series of welding processes the electric are supplies the heat for fusion while a flux is responsible for the shielding and cleaning functions and often also for the metallurgical control.在这一系列重要的焊接过程中，电弧为熔化金属供热，而焊剂起保护和清理作用，经常用于冶金控制中。
