The President's Year of Action

Since 1828, Andrew Jackson started his career in the White House as the seventh president of U.S. until 1837, created the Jacksonian Democracy Era for American history. Andrew Jackson made a number of impressive political initiatives during his presidency, especially the reform of the electoral system during the Jackson Era made some contribution to promoting the process of democratization in the United States, expanding the right to vote for American citizens, promoting the evolution of the American electoral system and promoting political democratization.This paper aims to explore the function and function of the electoral system in party politics through the analysis of the evolution of the electoral system during the period of "Jackson democracy".In the 1920s and 1930s, with the gradual formation of the American political system, the electoral system was also involved in party politics, Making the election an important tool for political party struggles. This period of the election system is gradually formed with the gradual formation of the party system. Jackson came to power, through official officials, to strengthen the political party politics, To further improve the corresponding election system. Thesepolitical initiatives, while being used by various interest groups, serve the two-party competition for the presidential post, but objectively see that the campaign provides an opportunity for the interest groups to gain political participation and promote the electoral system towards more democratization Direction, so that the electoral system and the political party made an indivisible organic whole.On the election system of Jackson 's time, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the two parties in the United States. After the independence of the United States political and economic development, conflicts of interest between the increasingly prominent groups, resulting in party disputes, So that elections become part of political party politics安德鲁?杰克逊（1767.3.15-1845.6.8）是美国第七位总统。

2021年高中英语新高考外刊知识学习讲义（002）Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.苹果公司推出了一款数字健康工具，以帮助人们减少沉迷于手机的时间。

1unveil sth to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the publicfor the first time （首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公诸于众SYN reveal◆ They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.这款名为“屏幕时间”的新应用面向的是苹果手机和苹果平板电脑的用户，将会用数字仪表板的形式显示出用户使用哪一款应用消耗了多少时间，用户收到了多少个通知，以及他们拿起手机的频率，还有他们的使用模式和平均水平的对比。

1 notification：the act of giving or receiving official information about sth 通知；通告；告示◆ advance/prior notification (=telling sb in advance about sth) 预先通告◆ written notification 书面通知The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire.Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.这款应用还让用户设置单个应用的每日使用时间上限，时间快到时会发出通知。

英语翻译基础--英汉互译名词解释英语翻译基础--英汉互译名词解释1、国际组织类已经考过的：apec，国际货币基金组织，G20，世界银行，世贸组织，EU，WTO，关税总协定，安理会常任理事国，CDED,IAEA,ASEM,UNICEF,ASEAN,OECD,APEC，前苏联可能要考的：联合国、联合国大会/联大、联合国安全理事会、欧盟、东盟、阿盟、非盟、20国集团、亚太经合组织、北约、上合组织、金砖四国、八国集团首脑会议、经合组织、关税及贸易组织、石油输出国组织/欧佩克、国际奥委会、国际足球联合会、国际原子能机构、核供应国集团、禁止化学武器组织、国际能源机构、博鳌亚洲论坛、英联邦、独联体、欧洲委员会、世界卫生组织、世界知识产权组织、世界旅游组织、联合国粮食及农业组织、联合国教科文组织、联合国儿童基金会、国际劳工组织、国际标准化组织、国际红十字会、亚太空间合作组织、欧洲货币联盟、国际复兴开发银行/世界银行、亚洲开发银行、非洲开发银行、欧洲中央银行、欧洲复兴发展银行、美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行、伊斯兰开发银行、不结盟运动、巴黎俱乐部、南方中心、阿拉伯各国议会联盟、拉丁美洲议会、海湾合作委员会、联合国工业发展组织、联合国开发计划署、联合国环境署、世界动物卫生组织、世界穆斯林大会、世界气象组织、世界和平理事会、国际金融公司、国际海事组织、国际民用航空组织、国际开发协会、国际商会、国际贸易中心、国际捕鲸委员会、阿拉伯石油输出国组织、太平洋岛国论坛、SCO、UNSC、OECD、OIE、OPEC、FAO、UNESCO、UNCF、UNIDO、UNDP、UNEP、UNCDF、UNCTAD、WHO、WMO、GATT、WIPO、WPC、ILO、IMF、IOC、IPC、ISO、ICC、IAEA、NATO、OPEC、EEC、NAM、UNCITRAL、UNDP、UNEP、UNIDO、WB、WCO、WEC、WFC、WFP、WTO、EMU （European Monetary Union）、PLO(PalestineLiberationOrganization)巴勒斯坦解放组织、EFTA/欧洲自由贸易联盟2、中国政府机关名词已经考过的：全国人民代表大会，政协，npc、可能要考的：主席团、常务委员会、办公厅、秘书处、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、国务院、外交部、国防部、国家发展计划委员会、教育部、科学技术部、国家科学技术工业委员会、国家安全部、监察部、民政部、司法部、财政部、人事部、劳动和社会保障部、国土资源部、建设部、铁路部、交通部、信息产业部、水利部、农业部、对外贸易经济合作部、文化部、卫生部、国家计划生育委员会、中国人民银行、国家审计署、国务院办公厅、国务院研究室、新闻办公室、海关总署、国家税务总局、国家环境保护总局、中国民用航空总局、caac、国家广播电影电视总局、国家体育总局、国家统计局、国家工商行政管理局、新闻出版署、国家版权局、国家林业局、国家质量技术监督局、国家药品监督管理局、国家知识产权局、国家旅游局、新华通讯社、中国科学院、中国社会科学院、中国工程院、中国地震局、中国气象局、中国证券监督管理委员会、国家轻工业局、国家纺织工业局、国家海洋局、国家测绘局、国家外汇管理局、国家出入境检验检疫局、中国共产党中央委员会、中央政治局、CPPCC、中央政治局常务委员会、中央书记处、中央军事委员会、中央办公厅、中央组织部、中央宣传部、中央统一战线部、中央对外联络部、中央政策研究室、中央党校、中央翻译局、中央档案馆、中国人民政治协商会议、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会、中国共产党、中国国民党革命委员会(民革)、中国民主同盟(民盟)、中国民主建国会(民建)、中国民主促进会(民进)、九三学社3、美国《时代》周刊评出年度热词已经考过的：defacto，Neet，unfriend，somebody'scupoftea，givethefloorto，thein-thing，infortainment，可能要考的：Vuvuzela/呜呜祖拉、TopKill/JunkShot/StaticKill/T opHat顶部封杀/垃圾弹/静态封杀/盖帽法、深水地平线/DeepwaterHorizon、Bedbugs/臭虫、Eyjafjallajokull/冰岛火山、Austerity/节衣缩食/欧洲紧缩政策、AnchorBabies/定锚婴儿、MamaGrizzlies/棕熊妈妈军团、ReleasetheKraken/释放海妖、Double-dip/二次探底、Bungabunga/强行侵犯俘虏/意大利总理贝卢斯科尼举办的性派对、海地地震、维基解密、援救智利矿工、巴基斯坦特大洪灾、朝鲜半岛局势、也门/反恐战争新前线、基地组织、主权债务/sovereigndebt、实体经4、科技发明类已经考过的：HDTV，CPU，显示器，小排量汽车可能要考的：Semiconductor/半导体、5、近年重大疾病类已经考过的：CBS，TheGuardian，FIT，新华社、CCTV可能要考的：CBC、BBC、ABC、CNN、AP/Associated Press、美联社、路透社、全国广播公司(NBC )、哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)、美国广播公司(ABC)、美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）、福克斯新闻频道(FOX NEWS)、日本广播协会（NHK）、半岛电视台（Al Jazeera)、加拿大广播公司（CBC）、澳大利亚广播公司（ABC）、东京广播公司（TBS）、韩国kbs电视台（KBS）、家庭影院频道(HBO)、[V]音乐台（channelv）、探索频道（discovery）、美国音乐电视频道(MTV)、NPR（National Public Radio）美国全国公共电台、7、美国之音常用新闻词汇已经考过的：commuter/乘车上班族、lipsynching/假唱、入境签证，Commuter，爵士摇滚，可能要考的：intangibleculturalheritage/非物质文化遗产、holdoff/保持距离、barrage/接连发问sound-detectiongear:声音探测器spam:垃圾邮件hideout:藏身点snap:仓促的coupplotter:政变策划者stemcell:干细胞playup:大肆渲染graffiti:涂鸦feverpitch:高度兴奋,狂热overstaff:人员过多peacesaboteur:和平破坏者comatose:昏迷的crackdown:取缔，制裁down-to-earth:实际的切实的BallisticMissileTest：弹道导弹试验Ordeal：严峻的考验Kidnapper：拐子、绑匪AtomicNucleus：原子核ConfidenceVote：信任票Denuclearization：非核化Blast：爆炸，冲击波GreenBeltMovement：绿带运动Argumentative：爱争论的Cram：塞满、拥挤SnapPoll：即席调查Premature：过早的，仓促的Paralyzed：瘫痪的LiftAnEmbargo：解除禁运Barbecuestoppage:中止；中断abstention:弃权clinicaltrial:临床试验ChrysanthemumThrone：天皇王位VaccinateBlockbusterMascotSleasyCULLOutofwhackhotwords:fie ldworkriotRedtape：繁文缛节ColdfrontAbduct：诱拐，绑架Preemptive：先发制人的Footage：电影胶片Incumbent：现任者，在职者MilitaryChief：军事最高统帅StateVisit：国事访问PermanentMember：常任理事国Relevance：意义，实用性UraniumEnrichment：铀浓缩PowerPlant：发电站Evacuate：撤退、疏散Bayard：骑士，勇武异常者launchpad:发射台Constituency：选区，选民atadiscountTabloidAchilles'heelPostmodernComeout （ofthecloset）Reggae Rap music Platonic Punk Blackball Coat tail Lame duck Independent counsel Preset Orbit：预定轨道Milestone：里程碑，转折点BallisticMissile：弹道导弹HeartBbypassSurgery：心脏搭桥手术Wail：大哭Denunciation：谴责、指责Holeup：藏匿StepDown：辞职，下台Benchmark：基准点，衡量标准BeakedWhale:突吻鲸，喙鲸Procurement:采购Handset:手机Stake:股份Portal:门户网站Showcase:展示Sedan:小轿车StrategicPetroleumReserve:战略石油储备BackT ax:退缴税CrudeOutput:原油生产LogOn:进入系统LagBehind:落在后面TeamUp:合作，协作AudienceRating:收视率PlayDown:对……不太重视FloorTrader:场内交易人APackageOfProposals:一揽子建议OperatingMargin:营运利润率Hedge-Fund:对冲基金Shortfall:不足、差额、赤字Anti-Trust:反托拉斯FullSwing:达到活动的ClawBack:夺回，费力收回BalanceSheet:资产负债表Inventory:货存、库存量MutualFund:共同基金LoanGuarante:借款保函ClassAction:集体诉讼Antidumping：反倾销Confetti:五彩纸屑FederalReserve:美国联邦储备系统Ink：签署（合同、文件等）HSBC:汇丰银行HotMoney:国际套利资本Scooter：速克达、踏板车、单脚滑行车InARow：一个接一个NetWorth：资本净值ABM=anti-ballisticmissile反弹道导弹abortivecoupattempt未遂政变absenttrial（absentvoting缺席审判（缺席投票absolutemajority绝对多数abstainfromvoting弃权abuseofpowerforpersonalgain以权谋私academia学术界academiccareer学历，学业academician院士AcademyAward奥斯卡金像奖academysciences科学院accreditedjournalist特派记者acquit （beacquitted宣告无罪（无罪释放actingpresident代总统activecapital流动资本activesubstance放射性物adversetradebalance逆差advisorybody顾问团after-saleservice售后服务aircrash飞机失事album专辑alliedpowers同盟国all-outban全面禁止all-roundtitle全能冠军alumnus（复数:alumni）校友amendment修正案，附加条款amicablerelations 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黄金时间pedestrian行人pensioninsurance养老保险Pentagon五角大楼perk外快PM=primeminister首相，总理politburo政治局poorbox济贫箱pope教皇poseforagroupphoto 集体合影留念poverty-strickenarea贫困地区powerfailure断电，停电premiere首映，初次公演pressbriefing新闻发布会presscorps记者团pressspokesman新闻发言人prize-awardingceremony颁奖仪式professionalescort"三陪"服务profiteer投机倒把者protocol草案，协议puberty青春期publicservant公务员questionnaire调查表quick-frozenfood速冻食品quizgame智力竞赛racialdiscrimination种族歧视rapport默契reciprocalvisits互访recital独唱会，独奏会red-carpetwelcome隆重欢迎red-hotnews 最新消息red-letterday大喜之日redundant下岗人员re-employment再就业rep=representative代表ripoff宰客senate参议院tenureofoffice任职期theotherman （woman第三者topnews 头条新闻tornado龙卷风tourdeforce代表作townshipenterprises 乡镇企业townshiphead乡长traffictie-up交通瘫痪truce停火，休战trustee董事two-daydayoffs双休日tycoon巨富umpire裁判V.D.=venerealdisease性病vaccine疫苗vehicle-freepromenade步行街votedown否决well-offlevel 小康水平well-to-dolevel小康水平Who'sWho名人录workingcouple双职工8、国际贸易类已经考过的：installment plan，chenck and balance，boned good，优惠合同，购货合同，报关，贸易顺差，售后服务，安检，POD，L（C，bonded warehouse,转基因食品,可能要考的：9、金融危机相关词汇已经考过的：IPR,Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis,Free Trade Agreement,稳健的货币政策,可能要考的：10、大陆对台政策类已经考过的：CEPA,可能要考的：一国两制、11、中国航天事业类已经考过的：载人航天计划，载人飞船可能要考的：12、美国机构类已经考过的：NASA，USNE，美国联邦储备银行，奥巴马、奥斯卡奖、花旗银行，Arbor Day，可能要考的：ANSI（美国国家标准学会、美利坚合众国、USDA、ACM、USNA、NSC、USMA、AMA、ABA （American Bar Association美国律师协会、ECMA（European Computer Manufacturers Association欧洲计算机制造商协会、IDC （International Data Corporation国际数据公司、NAS（National Academy of Sciences国家科学院、AAA（American Automobile Association美国汽车协会、ABA（American Bankers Association 美国银行家协会、ARC（American Red Cross美国红十字会、IATA （International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会DA （Department of the Army (美国)陆军部、OSS（Office ofStrategic Services战略情报局、NMD/国家导弹防御系统、13、全球著名快递公司已经考过的：EMS、14、全球航空公司已经考过的：BA（British Airways英国航空公司可能要考的：CAB（Civil Aeronautics Board民航局、AAL （American Airlines美国航空公司、AA（American Airlines 美国美洲航空、15、全球著名企业已经考过的：可能要考的：HP（Hewlett-Packard惠普公司、GM（General Motors美国通用汽车公司、16、各国缩写已经考过的：可能要考的：CAN加拿大SP西班牙IR伊朗PE（Peru秘鲁IRE （Ireland爱尔兰AR（Argentina阿根廷JP（Japan 日本、SFO（San Francisco三藩市、16、各国央行及全球著名银行已经考过的：中国工商银行，可能要考的：ECB（European Central Bank欧洲中央银行、17、全球证交所已经考过的：NSDAQ、创业板,可能要考的：ASE美国证券交易所、SEX（(Singapore Stock Exchange)新加坡证券交易所、SSE(上海证券交易所)、ASX澳大利亚证券交易所Australian Stock Exchange、纳斯达克，道.琼斯,香港恒生,东京证券交易所，18、全球运动协会缩写已经考过的：NBA可能要考的：AHL（American Hockey League）美国曲棍球联盟、MLB（Major League Baseball）美国全国棒球协会和盟国棒球协会、NBA（美国）国家篮球协会、NHL（National Hockey League）全国曲棍球联盟、WWF（World Wrestling Federation）世界摔角联盟、CBA、19、中国特色的词汇已经考过的：中国特色的社会主义市场经济,外向型经济，政企分开，恶性循环，自负盈亏，扫黄打非,西部大开发,高度自治,中小企业，打造知名品牌，晚婚晚育，可能要考的：20、百科全书已经考过的：Encyclopedia Britannica, binary opposition,可能要考的：21、古代巨著已经考过的：《论语》《红楼梦》《红楼梦》《毛泽东语录》《论语》《钦定圣经》、可能要考的：水浒、三国、西游记、一千零一夜、天方夜谈、道德经、TAO，孔子、孟子、22、军事外交类已经考过的：外交庇护,战略伙伴关系，Special Safeguard Mechanism,可能要考的：23、节能减排、气候大会已经考过的：节能，温室气体排放可能要考的：24、中国网络热词已经考过的：选秀,囧，绿坝，SOHO、可能要考的：25、中国成语可能要考的：26、中国自然灾害已经考过的：地震，可能要考的：27、中国名盛古迹已经考过的：颐和园，天坛、兵马俑，可能要考的：28、翻译专业述语已经考过的：音译、对等翻译、direct Translation，MTI，Simultaneous Interpretion，会议传译，应用语言学，可能要考的：29、节日已经考过的：老人节，Arbor Day，可能要考的：30、中国特色的评选已经考过的：中国十佳宜居城市可能要考的：31、科技类已经考过的：the king of kings, Dubbling，文本对等，可能要考的：。

美国总统罗斯福就职英语演讲稿American President Roosevelt's inaugural English speec h编订：JinTai College美国总统罗斯福就职英语演讲稿小泰温馨提示：演讲稿是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表的讲话文稿。

演讲稿是进行演讲的依据，对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示，体现着演讲的目的和手段，用来交流思想、感情，表达主张、见解；也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等等；同时具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。

本文档根据演讲稿内容要求展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。

美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿（英文版）President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our countrytoday. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmersfind no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted inthe court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in thethrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation is asking for action, and action now.Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes, the task can be helped by definite effortsto raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, the State, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that theircost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and otherutilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.We must act. We must act quickly.And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with otherpeople's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade byinternational economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as afirst consideration, upon the interdependence of thevarious elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a commondiscipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our Constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself themost superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.But, in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall notevade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.We face the arduous days that lie before us inthe warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication -- In this dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿（中文版）胡佛总统，首席法官先生，朋友们：今天，对我们的国家来说，是一个神圣的日子。

一礼仪性讲话（欢迎词，感谢词，祝酒词）（1）．欢迎词典型句型：1.我很荣幸地代表某某向来自某某地方的某某表示热烈的欢迎。

On behalf of sb, I have the honor/ I feel great honored to express/extend this warm welcome to sb from sp.2.请允许我向远到而来的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和亲切的问候。

Permit me/ please allow me to express/extend these warm welcome and gracious greetings to our distinguished guests coming fromafar.3.我很愉快地以我个人的名义，向某某表示热烈的欢迎。

例1：我怀着愉快的心情，以我个人的名义，向光临悉尼农业技术展览会的中国来宾，表示热烈的欢迎。

//I am delighted to extend this personal welcome to Chinese visitors to the Sydney Agricultural Technology Exhibition. //我们在这里向中国朋友全面展示我国的农业成就，并介绍我们所能提供的先进的农业技术。

//Here we present to our Chinese friends a comprehensive display of A ustrian agricultural achievements and advanced technology in farming that we have to offer. //我非常珍视澳中两国在贸易合作中发展起来的友谊和建立起来的信心。

//I greatly value the friendship and confidence that we enjoy as your tr ading partner. //我确信，这次展览会将进一步加强我们的经济合作，并直接对扩大我们之间的贸易往来作出贡献。

Unit11. 对一些人来说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓；而对另一些人来说，婚姻是拯救那些过着孤独单调生活的人的好办法。

（salvation）For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.2. 此次会议肩负着重大的历史责任，必然将对该组织的发展产生深远（be destined to do sth）Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the developm ent of the organization.3. 所有这些都寄寓着人们对美好生活的向往，因此得以代代相传。

（yearning）All of these show peoples yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward generation after generati on.4. 总统警告说，如果国会现在通过这一法案，那么他一直努力维护的脆弱的和平进程可能就会破裂。

（fall apart）If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.5. 夫妻之间必须能够容忍彼此性格上的一些瑕疵，否则的话他们的婚姻很可能会以离婚而告终。

（imperfection）The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each others character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.Wondrous peril emeritus yearning erode nibble strandErupt shackle salvation devastation imperfection1. During the Gulf War, the Chinese Embassy helped Taiwanese labour service personnel stranded in Kuwait pull out of dan gerous places safety.2. While conventional wisdom-holds that conflicts in a relationship slowly erode-the bonds that hold partners together, co uples who are happy in the long term turn out to have plenty of conflicts, too.3. G. Wilson Knight,emeritus Professor at the University of Leeds, has had a long and prolific career as a critic.4. She let her joyous eyes rest upon him without speaking, as upon some wondrous thing she had created out of chaos.5. She drew him towards her with all her might, seeking to know him in the depths of his heart, with a(an) yearning to lose herself in him.6. Many Americans have misunderstandings about China, believing its a closed country and that the people’s thinking is shackled.7. Government loans have been the salvation of several shaky business companies.8. Her teeth having all dropped out, Granny Li could only nibble away at her food.9.If_you_aim_at_imperfection, there are some chances of your getting it; whereas if you aim at perfection, there is none.10. Some of his peers were convinced that the early stages of the illness manifested themselves in graduate school, but the full-blown symptoms did not erupt until he was 30.1. It is becoming increasingly clear that as many as 80 percent of people who are obese are predisposed genetically.A. ThinB. fatC. crazyD. lazy2. The IT industry is developing so fast that an advanced computer program today may be obsolete next week.A. DesiredB. qualifiedC. outdatedD. frightened3. In such dry weather, if a forest fire cannot be extinguished ,devastation is sure to ensue.A. DestructionB. salvationC. associationD. communication4. I should like to put forward a proposal; merge the two firms into a big one.A. InterrelateB. associateC. defineD. combine5. Utilization of the land which leaves it in an infertile condnition is considered pollution.A. SterileB. richC. productiveD. destructive6. Dont cling to you old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will always lag behind others.A. Put forward toB. hold on toC. run toD. put up with7. In modern society, the world’s transport systems would fall apart without a supply ofelectricity.A. Come upB. step upC. split upD. warm up8. Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage--- I was expected to be an actor.A. Fated to beB. up to beC. made up forD. derived from9. We don’t think he is a dependable person because he acted counter to his promise.A. Similar toB. according toC. up toD. contrary to10. In order to finish the task in time, he wat out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold.A. Resulted fromB. resulted inC. brought upD. gave up.Tend strand tough bored conduct fulfillingaffiliate reveal pressure condition ranging validA recent survey of woman in 20 large and medium-ized cities across the country revealed that about half of the respo ndents were happy with their marriages and relationships, while nearly 30_percent_said_they_were_bored_and 3.4perce nt they were in agony. 3percent said they were worried about their relationships and 12percent said they did not know ho w to describe their mixed_feelings.The_Huakun_Woman_Survey_Center,_a(n)_affiliate_of the All-China Womens Federati on,_conducted_the survey of 2,000 women aged between 20 and 40 at the end of last year, Altogether_1,955_valid_quest ionnaires were collected. The average age of the surveyed woman was 35, and 70percent were married. About 57percent of the respondents had monthly incomes ranging-from 1,000yuan to 3,000yuan. Woman in Shanghai seemed to have the most-fulfilling-love lives, with more than 70 percent saying they felt happy. They were followed by woman in Beijing, Qing dao, Ningbo and Tianjin in terms of fulfillment. The survey also-revealed-that_marriages_tend_to_get_less_happy_the_lo nger_they_lasted .Pressure from work, problems with their childrens education and tough personal relationships were t he main causes of tension, according to the results of the survey.Unit 21. 因为对文化和艺术的热爱，让我们通过提高中文水平来利用我们的文化遗产吧。

2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the pict ure below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then co mment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? ”Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36）the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most."All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39）," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep（40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative solutions, but we must work together to （42）our focus on how to better recruit, support and （43）effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.critically H.develop I.distributingJ.enhance K.entitled L.potentialM.properly N.qualified O.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticize them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% ,but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eatat home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smallerfast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hardin this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees ( 特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice ( 引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue ( 烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "wecan sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum !Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannotbe forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains thathave more healthy offerings.K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating ( 创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell morevegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tacklethe obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serveon the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C) andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen ( 防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if youhave periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's notentirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of securityin the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the riskof all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates,as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on ( 抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more willalmost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers ( 二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that usedto encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。

高一英语询问政治体制单选题50题1. In the United States, citizens can vote to elect their representatives. Which of the following best describes this democratic practice?A. Direct democracyB. Representative democracyC. Absolute monarchyD. Oligarchy答案：B。

解析：美国公民通过投票选举代表这种制度是代议制民主。

A选项直接民主是公民直接参与决策等，美国不是这种情况；C选项绝对君主制是君主拥有绝对权力，与美国的民主制度完全不同；D选项寡头政治是少数人掌握政权，也不符合美国的政治体制。

2. In ancient Athens, citizens could directly participate in making laws. This is an example of _.A. Indirect democracyB. Representative democracyC. Direct democracyD. Dictatorship答案：C。

解析：古代雅典公民能直接参与立法，这是直接民主的典型例子。

A选项间接民主与直接参与相反；B选项代议制民主是通过选举代表来治理，而不是公民直接参与；D选项独裁与雅典的民主制度背道而驰。

3. In a certain country, power is mainly in the hands of a small groupof wealthy people. What kind of political system might this be?A. PlutocracyB. TheocracyC. SocialismD. Federalism答案：A。

One principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to (36) goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in (37) for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And (38) a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit. The gasoline tax. for instance, is sometimes (39) using the benefits principle. In some states, (40) from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a (41) way to pay for this government service. The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, (42) because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example. the benefits of police protection from (43). Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should (44) more than the poor to the cost of (45) the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system.The U.S. Department of Education is making effortsto ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is __36___the launch ofth e Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and scho ol districts supportgreat educators for the students who need them most. “All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip c ode or familyincome. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principa ls the support they need tohelp students reach their full 39 ,” U.S. Secretary o f Education Arne Duncan said.“Despite theexcellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principal s, students in high-poverty,high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Localleaders and educators will 41 their o wn creative solutions, but we must work together to 42our focus on how to b etter recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for allstudent s, especially the kids who need them most.”Today’s announcement is another important step forward in improving acces s to quality education, a 44 of President Obama’s year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead aroundtable discussion with principals and school t eachers from across the country about the 45of working in high-need schools and how to adapt promising practices for supporting greateducators in thes e schools.。

Lyndon Baines Johnson： Let Us Continue 1963年11⽉22⽇，美国第三⼗五任总统约翰·肯尼迪遇刺⾝亡。

副总统约翰逊在肯尼迪遇刺两⼩时后，在达拉斯机场宣誓成为美国总统（见左图）。

以下是约翰逊总统为悼念约翰·肯尼迪发表的讲话。

Mr. Speaker， Mr. President， Members of the House， Members of the Senate， my fellow Americans： All I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today. The greatest leader of our time has been struck down by the foulest deed of our time. Today， John Fitzgerald Kennedy lives on in the immortal words and works that he left behind. He lives on in the mind and memories of mankind. He lives on in the hearts of his countrymen. No words are sad enough to express our sense of loss. No words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of America that he began. The dream of conquering the vastness of space， the dream of partnership across the Atlantic —— and across the Pacific as well —— the dream of a Peace Corps in less developed nations， the dream of education for all of our children，the dream of jobs for all who seek them and need them， the dream of care for our elderly， the dream of an all-out attack on mental illness， and above all， the dream of equal rights for all Americans， whatever their race or color. These and other American dreams have been vitalized by his drive and by his dedication. And now the ideas and the ideals which he so nobly represented must and will be translated into effective action. Under John Kennedy's leadership， this nation has demonstrated that it has the courage to seek peace， and it has the fortitude to risk war. We have proved that we are a good and reliable friend to those who seek peace and freedom. We have shown that we can also be a formidable foe to those who reject the path of peace and those who seek to impose upon us or our allies the yoke of tyranny. This nation will keep its commitments from South Vietnam to West Berlin. We will be unceasing in the search for peace， resourceful in our pursuit of areas of agreement —— even with those with whom we differ —— and generous and loyal to those who join with us in common cause. In this age when there can be no losers in peace and no victors in war， we must recognize the obligation to match national strength with national restraint. We must be prepared at one and the same time for both the confrontation of power and the limitation of power. We must be ready to defend the national interest and to negotiate the common interest. This is the path that we shall continue to pursue. Those who test our courage will find it strong， and those who seek our friendship will find it honorable. We will demonstrate anew that the strong can be just in the use of strength， and the just can be strong in the defense of justice. And let all know we will extend no special privilege and impose no persecution. We will carry on the fight against poverty， and misery， and disease， and ignorance， in other lands and in our own. We will serve all the nation， not one section or one sector， or one group， but all Americans. These are the United States： A united people with a united purpose. Our American unity does not depend upon unanimity. We have differences； but now， as in the past， we can derive from those differences strength， not weakness， wisdom， not despair. Both as a people and a government， we can unite upon a program， a program which is wise and just， enlightened and constructive. For 32 years Capitol Hill has been my home. I have shared many moments of pride with you， pride in the ability of the Congress of the United States to act， to meet any crisis， to distill from our differences strong programs of national action. An assassin's bullet has thrust upon me the awesome burden of the Presidency. I am here today to say I need your help. I cannot bear this burden alone. I need the help of all Americans， and all America. This nation has experienced a profound shock， and in this critical moment， it is our duty， yours and mine， as the Government of the United States， to do away with uncertainty and doubt and delay， and to show that we are capable of decisive action； that from the brutal loss of our leader we will derive not weakness， but strength； that we can and will act and act now. From this chamber of representative government， let all the world know and none misunderstand that I rededicate this Government to the unswerving support of the United Nations， to the honorable and determined execution of our commitments to our allies， to the maintenance of military strength second to none， to the defense of the strength and the stability of the dollar， to the expansion of our foreign trade， to the reinforcement of our programs of mutual assistance and cooperation in Asia and Africa， and to our Alliance for Progress in this hemisphere. On the 20th day of January， in 19 and 61， John F. Kennedy told his countrymen that our national work would not be finished "in the first thousand days， nor in the life of this administration， nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet." "But，" he said， "let us begin." Today in this moment of new resolve， I would say to all my fellow Americans， let us continue. This is our challenge —— not to hesitate， not to pause， not to turn about and linger over this evil moment， but to continue on our course so that we may fulfill the destiny that history has set for us. Our most immediate tasks are here on this Hill. First， no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the Civil Rights Bill for which he fought so long. We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights. We have talked for a hundred years or more. It is time now to write the next chapter， and to write it in the books of law. I urge you again， as I did in 19 and 57 and again in 19 and 60， to enact a civil rights law so that we can move forward to eliminate from this nation every trace of discrimination and oppression that is based upon race or color. There could be no greater source of strength to this nation both at home and abroad. And second， no act of ours could more fittingly continue the work of President Kennedy than the early passage of the tax bill for which he fought all this long year. This is a bill designed to increase our national income and Federal revenues，and to provide insurance against recession. That bill， if passed without delay， means more security for those now working， more jobs for those now without them， and more incentive for our economy. In short， this is no time for delay. It is a time for action —— strong， forward-looking action on the pending education bills to help bring the light of learning to every home and hamlet in America； strong， forward-looking action on youth employment opportunities； strong， forward-looking action on the pending foreign aid bill， making clear that we are not forfeiting our responsibilities to this hemisphere or to the world， nor erasing Executive flexibility in the conduct of our foreign affairs； and strong， prompt， and forward-looking action on the remaining appropriation bills. In this new spirit of action， the Congress can expect the full cooperation and support of the executive branch. And， in particular， I pledge that the expenditures of your Government will be administered with the utmost thrift and frugality. I will insist that the Government get a dollar's value for a dollar spent. The Government will set an example of prudence and economy. This does not mean that we will not meet our unfilled needs or that we will not honor our commitments. We will do both. As one who has long served in both Houses of the Congress， I firmly believe in the independence and the integrity of the legislative branch. And I promise you that I shall always respect this. It is deep in the marrow of my bones. With equal firmness， I believe in the capacity and I believe in the ability of the Congress， despite the divisions of opinions which characterize our nation， to act —— to act wisely， to act vigorously， to act speedily when the need arises. The need is here. The need is now. I ask your help. We meet in grief， but let us also meet in renewed dedication and renewed vigor. Let us meet in action， in tolerance，and in mutual understanding. John Kennedy's death commands what his life conveyed —— that America must move forward. The time has come for Americans of all races and creeds and political beliefs to understand and to respect one another. So let us put an end to the teaching and the preaching of hate and evil and violence. Let us turn away from the fanatics of the far left and the far right， from the apostles of bitterness and bigotry， from those defiant of law， and those who pour venom into our nation's bloodstream. I profoundly hope that the tragedy and the torment of these terrible days will bind us together in new fellowship， making us one people in our hour of sorrow. So let us here highly resolve that John Fitzgerald Kennedy did not live or die in vain. And on this Thanksgiving eve， as we gather together to ask the Lord's blessing， and give Him our thanks， let us unite in those familiar and cherished words： America， America， God shed His grace on thee， And crown thy good With brotherhood From sea to shining sea.。