不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词

改错: He was heard talk to his mother for
to talk
an hour.
The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008 to worry about There is nothing___________.（没有什么可担心的）
进行式
完成式 完成进行式
to be doing
to have been to have done done to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
(1). 主语 Subject
To get enough sleep at night is important. It____________________________________. is important to get enough sleep at night

பைடு நூலகம்
表语 Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 定语 The excited people rushed into the building. 状语 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 补足语 When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
9. 分词 9.1 分词作定语
分词前置 如： We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等) 如： There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given. 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当 于一个被动语态的定语从句。 如： Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a D foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定 语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written

不定式动名词现在分词过去分词作表语的区别和用法The final revision was on November 23, 2020不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词作表语的区别不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词都可用作表语，但它们所表示的含义却各不相同一、什么是表语。

在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。

从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。

如：.阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的物理学家。

.问题仍未解决。

二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。

不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

如：.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。

（主语和表语是相等的）.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。

（主语和表语是相等的）.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。

（主语并不等于表语）.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。

（主语和表语是不相等的）三、不定式和动名词作表语的区别。

不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。

不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。

如：.他的工作是粉刷这些墙。

（一次性的，具体的，目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作）.他的工作是粉刷墙。

（这是他日常的工作）四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。

现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。

现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。

如：.这条狗让人害怕。

（说明狗的特征）.这条狗有些害怕。

（说明狗的状态）'sclimbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。

（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）五、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别。

不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以划等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能划等号的。

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有: fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, + to do refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.
巩固练习2
4.我希望很快收到你的信。 5.我决定不留下来。
I hope to hear from you soon.
医生建议他去南方.
(4). 宾补 Complement
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: watch let 五看 see 三使 make look at notice observe have
二听
listen to
I decided not to stay.
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel
(6) 状语 Adverbial
I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.
2.表原因 3.表结果 1.表目的
in order to , so as to ,
We were very excited to hear the news. This room is big enough to hold us. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词）一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别）（1）做主语和表语的区别一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语：My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词，一般用动名词做真正主语：注意：it是形式主语，动名词是真正主语。

如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正d to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
巩固练习3 1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有: fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, + to do refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.

改错: He was heard talk to his mother for
to talk
an hour.
The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008 to worry about（没有什么可担心的） There is nothing___________.
(5). 定语 Attributive
a house to live in He is looking for__________. （一间可以住的房子）
(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.)
---What do you think of the school? ---It is a very good _____. A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study *我想要几本书在旅途中看。 a few books to read during the journey I’d like________________________________.
It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.
3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。
It only took two years to complete the project.
(2). 表语 Predicative
To see is to believe. My job
How to solve the problem is very important.

7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。
She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
enough…to, too…to, only to, etc.
1.____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题
一感觉: feel
hear
I made him do his work.
He ______________________by was made to do his work me.
See sb do sth --- sb be seen to do
He was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt. A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen
I decided not to stay.
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel

It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.
It takes sb +time to do.
巩固练习1
1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.
2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。
I decided not to stay.
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
巩固练习3 1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有: fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, + to do refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.

英语非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）（一）动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式“not to +动词原形”。

1.用法（1）作主语。

往往用it作为形式主语。

如：It is time to get up.（2）作宾语。

如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。

如：I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。

如：decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。

（3）作宾语补足语A：带to的动词不定式有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，beg，invite等。

如：He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有：see，watch，hear,make ,let等。

如：I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let，have，make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look at注意：feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时，要带to.如：I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意：带but介词的不定式。

如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么but后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。

另外，在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。

非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词）一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别）（1）做主语和表语的区别一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语：My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词，一般用动名词做真正主语：注意：it是形式主语，动名词是真正主语。

非谓语动词的形式和语态非谓语动词在英语语法中占据着重要的地位。

它不仅可以作为动词的形式，还可以在句子中充当不同的语态。

本文将探讨非谓语动词的形式和语态，并举例说明它们在句子中的应用。

一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词和现在分词/过去分词。

它们的形式和用法各不相同，下面将分别进行介绍。

1. 不定式不定式由"to"加上动词原形构成，例如：to go、to eat。

它有时可以带有助动词"to be"，形成被动语态的不定式，例如：to be eaten。

不定式主要用于以下几个方面：- 表示目的或目标：I went to the store to buy some groceries.- 作为动宾结构的宾语：She wants to learn to play the piano.- 用于形容词后面修饰名词：She is the person to ask for help.2. 动名词动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成，例如：going、eating。

它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等。

动名词主要用于以下几个方面：- 作为主语：Swimming is my favorite hobby.- 作为宾语：I enjoy playing basketball.- 作为表语：Her favorite activity is dancing.3. 现在分词/过去分词现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成，过去分词则根据动词的不同形式而变化，例如：going、eaten。

它们可以作为形容词修饰名词。

现在分词和过去分词主要用于以下几个方面：- 作为非限定性定语：The dog, barking loudly, scared the mailman.- 作为限定性定语：I saw a broken glass on the floor.- 作为表语：The situation seems confusing.二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词在句子中可以具有主动语态或被动语态。

进行式
完成式 完成进行式
to be doing
to have been to have done done to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
巩固练习4 1. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。
She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by train. --Why not ____ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by train. --Why not ____ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
enough…to, too…to, only to, etc.
1.____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

动词的不定式，\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。

答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式.动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词.这三种形式都是由动词变来的，但在句子中都不能作谓语，故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。

下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下：一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语在表示一个具体的。

个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式.如:My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.To study English well is very important。

在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时，二者可以互换。

如：To climb mountains is a good form of exercise。

Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise。

二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语1.动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。

如:There is a swimming pool in our school.2。

现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征.如:Listen to the singing bird。

Who is the boy running towards us。

3。

动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。

如:He is always the first to come to school.当所修饰的名词指物时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系.如：I have a meeting to attend。

如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，需加上相应的介词。

如：I have no room to live in。

让…持续的做
get sb/sth doing
使行动起来
I can’t get the car running/going.
have/get sth done
让别人做,使…被…
have sth done遭受不好的事
I can’t get the car started.
Find, get, leave, keep…
Leave sb to do
sth to be done
Leave sb doing
Leave sth undone
不及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语表示完成和状态。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.
表语
指抽象的内容。
表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，后面可用不定式做表语，用以说明主语的内容wish, idea, task, purpose,
4结果状语(意外结果)：he woke up only to find everyone gone.作结果状语常用于一些固定搭配中如:too …to, enough... to，only to，never to，so +形容词/副词+as to, such+名词+as to do引导.
1条件状语: Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
3.抽象名词：ability,chance…
单个现在分词放被修饰词前，不定代词后，分词短语放被修饰词后,主动，正在进行
Boiling water
Something exciting
A boy wearing a red coat