篇一:《英语作文--中西医的比较》Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western MedicineAs living standards improving,more and more attention has been paid for human health including both physical condition and psychological there are some problems with our body,we have to go to the hospital for purpose of this essay is to contrast the differences between western medicine instead of traditional Chinese three main differences are awareness,diagnosis and therapy.The most notable difference between these two kinds of medicines is their awareness of human disease and medicine,a medical system based on the pathological anatomy basis,considers that pathological changes of organs lead to disease,which has been developed from organization organ to cells,molecules,or even DNA the contrary,traditional Chinese medicine,a kind of evidence-based medicine,suggests that diseases are caused by inharmony between human body and the environment or their disequilibrium between internal organs.Contrasting both types of medicines we notice another difference,the diagnostic medicine diagnosis takes advantage of the advanced medical equipment and laboratory to make accurate diagnosis of disease,which contain the main five approaches of interrogation,physicalinspection,electrocardiography and examination,laboratory medical imaging,traditional Chinese medicine supports the methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment,which draw the conclusion about body problems by look,smell,ask,cut.Yet another difference between these two types of medicines is western medicine, the treatment object is disease and its goal is to vanish main treatment methods include medicine,surgery,laser treatment,and ,as to traditional Chinese medicine,the treatment object is people and its goal is to cure patients. There are various treatment methods ,such as internal drugs,externalapplication,acupuncturists,cupping,chiropraxis,and so on. In conclusion，western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine have three mian we can see,in our country,instead of traditional Chinese medicine,western medicine has been widely accepted by people because of its fast ,I think either of these two selected by us should depend on our physical condition.篇二:《传统中药与西药对比的英文论文》What is the major difference betweentraditional Chinese medicine andWestern medicine?【Abstract】 Because of the globalization, the comparison between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine have been attracted far more attentions than before. As one of the aspects of intercultural communication, this paper focuses on two major points, the different two concepts, the treatments or their prescriptions. They will be given a brief introduction in this paper so that after reading this paper people in different cultural backgrounds will know more about the difference between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and be more convenient to communicate.【Key words】Concepts Treatments Prescriptions Attitudes Communication Different cultural backgrounds1. Differences between Two ConceptsFrom this table, we may get some explanations of why are traditional Chinese and westerners so different to treat disease.The Concepts of Traditional Chinese MedicineIn general, disease is perceived as a disharmony (or imbalance) in the functions or interactions of yin, yang, qi, xuĕ, zàng-fǔ, meridians etc, or of the interaction between the human body and the environment.[1]Therapy is based on which "pattern of disharmony" can be identified. Thus,"pattern discrimination" is the most important step in TCM diagnosis. It is also known to be the most difficult aspect of practicing TCM. In order to determine which pattern is at hand, practitioners will examine things like the color and shape of the tongue, the relative strength of pulse-points, the smell of the breath, the quality of breathing or the sound of the voice. [2] For example, depending on tongue and pulse conditions, a TCM practitioner might diagnose bleeding from the mouth and nose as: "Liver fire rushes upwards and scorches the Lung, injuring the blood vessels and giving rise toreckless pouring of blood from the mouth and nose."[3] He might then go on to prescribe treatments designed to clear heat or supplement the lung.The Concepts of Western MedicineIn western medicine, the clinical practice is thought highly of. Doctors personally assess patients in order to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using clinical judgment.The doctor-patient relationship typically begins an interaction with an examination of the patient's medical history and medical record, followed a medical interview[4] and a physical examination. Basic diagnostic medical devices ( stethoscope, tongue depressor) are typically used. After examination for signs and interviewing for symptoms, the doctor may order medical tests ( blood tests), take a biopsy, or prescribe pharmaceutical drugs or other therapies. Differential diagnosis methods help to rule out conditions based on the information provided. During the encounter, properly informing the patient of all relevant facts is an important part of the relationship and the development of trust. The medical encounter is then documented in the medical record, which is a legal document in many jurisdictions.[5]2. Therapies of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineReferring to these concepts, I will put my emphases on two primary roots as follows, which have comparatively reflected two different therapies.Therapy of Traditional ChineseThe traditional Chinese medicine thought most diseases are aroused by “SixExcesses”(六淫, pinyin: liù yín, sometimes also translated as "Pathogenic Factors", or "Six Pernicious Influences"; with the alternative term of 六邪, pinyin: liù xié, - "Six Evils" or "Six Devils") are allegorical terms used to describe disharmony patterns displaying certain typical symptoms.[6] These symptoms resemble the effects of six climatic factors. In the allegory, these symptoms can occur because one or more ofthose climatic factors (called 六气, pinyin: liù qì, "the six qi") were able to invade the body surface and to proceed to the interior.This is sometimes used to draw causal relationships (, prior exposure to wind/cold/etc. is identified as the cause of adisease), while other authors explicitly deny a direct cause-effect relationship between weather conditions and disease, pointing outthat the Six Excesses are primarily descriptions of a certain combination of symptoms translated into a pattern ofdisharmony.[7]It is undisputed, though, that the Six Excesses can manifest inside the body without an external cause. In this case, they might be denoted "internal", ,"internal wind" or "internal fire (or heat)".The Six Excesses and their characteristic clinical signs are:{中药和西药对比英语作文}.1. Wind (风, pinyin: fēng): Rapid onset of symptoms, wandering location ofsymptoms, itching, nasal congestion, "floating" pulse; tremor, paralysis,convulsion.2. Cold (寒, pinyin: hàn): Cold sensations, aversion to cold, relief of symptomsby warmth, watery/clear excreta, severe pain, abdominal pain,3.4.{中药和西药对比英语作文}.5.6. contracture/hypertonicity of muscles, (slimy) white tongue fur, "deep"/"hidden" or "string-like" pulse, or slow pulse. Fire/Heat (火, pinyin: huǒ): Aversion to heat, high fever, thirst, concentrated urine, red face, red tongue, yellow tongue fur, rapid pulse. (Fire and heat are basically seen to be the same) Dampness (湿, pinyin:shī): Sensation of heaviness, sensation of fullness, symptoms of Spleen dysfunction, greasy tongue fur, "slippery" pulse. Dryness (燥, pinyin: zaò): Dry cough, dry mouth, dry throat, dry lips, nosebleeds,dry skin, dry stools. Summerheat (暑, pinyin: shǔ): Either heat or mixed damp-heat symptoms.According these six excesses, Chinese not only have herbals to treat these diseases, but also have practical treatments, such as acupuncture and moxibustion, Tui na, and Qigong. And also they have cupping(拔罐), GuaSha, and Die-da. Acupuncture means insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) - usually at acupuncture points (acupoints) - and their subsequentmanipulation; this aims at influencing the flow of qi.[8] Accordingto TCM it relieves pain and treats (and prevents) various diseases.[9]Acupuncture is often accompanied by moxibustion - the Chinese characters for acupuncture Chinese: 针灸; pinyin: zhēnjiǔ literally meaning{中药和西药对比英语作文}."acupuncture-moxibustion" - which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupuncture point. There are three methods of moxibustion: Direct scarring, direct non-scarring, and indirect moxibustion. Direct scarring moxibustion places a small cone of mugwort on the skin at an acupuncture point and burns it until theskin{中药和西药对比英语作文}.blisters, which then scars after it heals. Direct non-scarring moxibustion removes the burning mugwort before the skin burns enoughto scar, unless the burning mugwort is left on the skin too long. Indirect moxibustion holds a cigar made of mugwort near the acupuncture point to heat the skin, or holds it on an acupuncture needle inserted in the skin to heat the needle.[10]In electroacupuncture, an electrical current is applied to theneedles once they are inserted, in order to further stimulate the respective acupuncture points.Tui na (推拿) is a form of massage akin to acupressure (from which shiatsuevolved). Oriental massage is typically administered with the patient fully clothed, without the application of grease or oils. Choreography often involves thumb presses, rubbing, percussion, and stretches.Qigong (气功 or 氣功) is coordinated breathing, movement, and awareness used for exercise, healing, and mediation. Traditional Chinese medicine practioners believe that qìgōng (气功/氣功) and related practices prevent, heal, and treat diseases.{中药和西药对比英语作文}.The Prescriptions of TCMRaw materialsThere are roughly 13,000 medicines used in China and over 100,000 medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient literature. Plant elements and extracts are by far themost common elements used. n the classic Handbook of Traditional Drugs from 1941, 517 drugs were listed - out of these, 45 were animal parts, and 30 were minerals. Animal substances{中药和西药对比英语作文}.Some animal parts used as medicines can be considered rather strange such as cows' gallstones. Some can include the parts of endangered species, including tiger penis and rhinoceros horn. The black market in rhinoceros horn reduced the world's rhino population by more than 90 percent over the past 40 years. Concerns have also arisen over the use of turtle plastron and seahorses. In general, Chinese traditional medicine emphasizes the penis of animals as therapeutic. Snake oil, which is used traditionally for joint pain as a liniment, is the most widely known Chinese medicine in the west, due to extensive marketing in the west in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and wild claims of its efficacy to treat many maladies; however, there is no clinical evidence that it is effective. Since TCM recognizes bear bile as a medicinal, more than 12,000 asiatic black bears are held in "bear farms", where they suffer cruel conditions while being held in tiny cages. The bile is extracted through a permanent hole in theabdomen leading to the gall bladder, which can cause severe pain; the bears are known to regularly try to kill themselves.Human body partsTraditional Chinese Medicine also includes some human parts: the classic Materia medica (Bencao Gangmu) describes the use of 35 human body parts and excreta inmedicines, including bones, fingernail, hairs, dandruff, earwax, impurities on the teeth, feces, urine, sweat, organs, but most are no longer in use.[11] [12]Therapy of Western MedicineWithin medical circles, specialities usually fit into one of two broad categories: "Medicine" and "Surgery." "Medicine" refers to the practice of non-operativemedicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in "Internal Medicine". In the UK, this would traditionally have been evidenced by obtaining the MRCP (An exam allowing Membership of the Royal College of Physicians or theequivalent college in Scotland or Ireland). "Surgery" refers to the practice of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in "General Surgery." (In the UK: Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (MRCS).)During the medical care, the provision of it is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary care categories. Primary medical services are provided by physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, or other health professionals who have first contact with a patient seeking medical treatment or care. These occur in physicianoffices, clinics, nursing homes, schools, home visits, and other places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated by the primary care provider. Theseinclude treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, preventive care and health education for all ages and both sexes. Secondary medical services are provided by medical specialists in their offices or clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient.Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or proceduresperformed by specialists. These include both ambulatory care and inpatient services, emergency rooms, intensive care medicine, surgery services, physical therapy, labor and delivery, endoscopy units, diagnostic laboratory and medical imaging services, hospice centers, etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalizedpatients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting. Tertiary medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not generally available at local hospitals. These include traumacenters, burn treatment centers, advanced neonatology unit services, organ transplants, high-risk pregnancy, radiation oncology, medical care also depends on information - still delivered in many health care settings on paper records, butincreasingly nowadays by electronic means. At the end of the treatment, doctors always give patients some pills which should been had regularly.The Prescriptions of Western MedicineA medication or medicine is a drug taken to cure and ameliorate any symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may be used as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms.Dispensing of medication is often regulated by governments into threecategories—over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are availablein pharmacies and supermarkets without special restrictions, behind-the-counter (BTC), which are dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctor's prescription, and Prescription only medicines (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical professional, usually a physician.[citation needed]篇三:《中西药对比》西药、中成药、新型中药产品对比篇四:《中药与西药》论文作业题目：面临西药，中药的优势及不足系别：药学院专业：中药学学生姓名：张正兴学号：512050801410目录：绪论一、西药和中药的了解及概念二、中西药研发三、中药西药合理配伍四、中药现状及需要注意问题五、天然药六、中药的优势七、例举中药患者极其医治情况面临西药，中药的优势及不足绪论：近些年来,国内外的医药学工作者,对中药给予了更多的重视。
