Unit4 课文翻译及课后练习答案

新视界大学英语综合教程第四单元课文翻译及练习答案Active Reading跨种族婚姻“路易斯安那州的一位治安法官刚刚辞职了。

此法官拒绝批准一对情侣结婚，因为女方是白人，而男方是黑人。

几个星期以来，他拒绝离开职位，但最终还是辞职了，而且并未给出原因。

路易斯安那州州长接受了他的辞职。

这位白人治安法官声称，他一直避免批准不同种族间的婚姻，原因是他认为其子女会因此受罪。

他说：‘对婚姻双方的任一种族来说，接纳这样家庭的孩子都是有难度的。

我认为这些孩子会因此受罪，我不想让这种事情发生。

’”你认为这篇报道是什么时候发表的？也许是20 世纪50 年代吧？那个时候黑白种族隔离是有法可依的。

也许是20 世纪60 年代吧？那个时候有马丁·路德·金领导的民权运动。

事实上，这篇报道发表于2009 年10 月。

这个国家是著名的“大熔炉”，有着悠久的种族冲突的历史，也有一些成功融合的例子。

这位法官今日仍然持有这种观点，我们是否应当感到耻辱？或者，他认识到了自己的错误并辞去职务，我们是否应当为此高兴？经济全球化运动使得全世界范围内商品共享、服务共享、技术共享，这促进了跨种族婚姻。

经济全球化运动同样对社会和文化产生影响，这也许会带来不同种族间的友谊、爱情和婚姻。

但是，在美国的某些地区，“一滴血原则”似乎仍然有很大的影响。

这一原则的内容是：只要你有一滴非裔的血，你就是黑人。

那么，现如今，对于跨种族婚姻双方和美国大众来说，这样的婚姻有什么样的挑战和机遇呢？在美国的某些政治和社交圈子里，人们认为跨种族婚姻只不过是为了让身为移民的一方得到绿卡，以便在此居留和工作。

也有人声称，跨种族婚姻的动机在于较穷困的一方渴望获得经济保障，尽管这意味着他们也许不得不背井离乡。

幸运的是，还有很多其他人明白人类的基本价值(如相互吸引）在跨种族婚姻中起着最重要的作用。

无论结婚的真正动机是什么，所有这些情侣都会面对不同金钱观与不同传统价值观的挑战，这些传统价值观包括对伴侣的尊重、传统的宗教观、被社区接受、男女分工以及传统的语言观等。

Unit4 Passage A 课后练习Read and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage.1 She decided to experience living abroad early in her college years and she actually went to liv e abroad two months after she graduated from college．2 Her classmates looked for permanent jobs in the “real world” but she looked for a temporary job in another country．3 Because she only had a work visa but no job or place to live．She had no one to rely on but to depend entirely on herself．4 She had her first interview the first week and she had three altogether．5 She thought it had many advantages．Firstly she truly got to learn the culture. Secondly，it was an economical way to live and travel in another country．Thirdly，she had the chance to gain valuable working experience and internationalize her resume．She strongly recommended it．Read and complete3 Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the passage．Don’t refer back to it until you have finished.1 living abroad；the“real world”2 go and work；interviewing for3 to live abroad；was willing to do anything4 a program；with the interest5 language；opportunities6 graduated from college；traveled throughout7 finding a job；financial resources；paycheck8 found a job in London；very well—known；employers9 accepted；international bank；located10 the best decision；hesitate for a secondLanguage FocusRead and complete4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below．Change the form where necessary．1 undertaken2 had intended3 resources4 inquiries5 investigated6 recommend7 participates8 aspects9 hesitate 10 economical5 Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 running low2 turned out3 participate in4 as a result5 so far6 Rewrite the following sentences，replacing the underlined words with their synonyms you have learned in this unit．1 employment 2 opportunities 3 advantages 4 expenses 5 accommodation(s)Read and translate7 Translate the following sentences into English．1 I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet．2 John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble．3 I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa．4 It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found／took a job in an international bank．5 After finishing his teaching，Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America．Read and simulate8 Read and compare the English sentences，paying attention to their italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences．1 Of the three jobs available／offered，I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition．2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company．3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since 1 was not well prepared and I needed t o do more homework ／preparation．4 The university I work at is in a beautiful．scenic spot Located two miles from the Xiang River．5 Exercise has many advantages．For one，it helps you to lose weight．Secondly, it helps prevent disease．Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong．Unit4 Passage A课文译文玛塞娜的工作经历进大学不久我就下定决心，在进入“现实世界”前先到国外呆一段。

2020年春PEP四年级英语第四单元课文翻译及练习答案Unit 4 At the fɑrm 在农场ALet's tɑlkLook ɑt these!Are these cɑrrots?看这些！这些是胡萝卜吗？Yes,they ɑre.是的。

Wow! They're so big!哇！它们好大啊！What ɑre these?这些是什么？They're tomatoes.它们是西红柿。

But they're yellow!但是它们是黄色的！Try some!They're good.来尝尝！它们很好吃。

Thɑnks.Yum.谢谢。

真好吃。

Let's leɑrnLook ɑt the green beɑns. They're so long!看这些豆角。

它们好长啊！Yes, ɑnd the potɑtoes ɑre big.是的，而且这些土豆很大。

tomɑtoes 西红柿 green beɑns 豆角 potɑtoes 土豆 cɑrrots 胡萝卜Let's chɑntI like tomɑtoes.我喜欢西红柿。

I like potɑtoes.我喜欢土豆。

Cɑrrots I will try.胡萝卜我会尝尝。

I love to eɑt green beɑns.我爱吃豆角。

But onions mɑke me cry.但是洋葱让我哭。

Let's spellReɑd, listen ɑnd chɑnt./ɔ:/ h or se f or k homew or k w or ld mɑp /ɜ:/马餐叉作业世界地图Reɑd, listen ɑnd number.fork for born餐叉为出生world horse work世界马工作序号：143265Look, listen ɑnd write.I'd like four forks.我想要四个餐叉。

Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo comprehend the whole storyTo lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercome inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles inlye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, movi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ’em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award （美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fame .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed StudyEveryday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, ugly If someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [‘ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people’s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are workingThe breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We’re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretended She lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.Don’t be afraid of monster - the story’s only make-believe.The little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement. He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one’s wit’s end: at the end of one’s tether25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (麦斯林纱, 平纹细布) with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women’s dresses(蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)。

Unit 4 Meeting the MuseUnderstanding ideasWhat inspires you?Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an idea. But where do artists get their ideas from? Who or what inspires them? Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists.express v. 表达n.expression influences n./v. 影响（力）adj. influentialinspire v. 激励，启发n. inspiration find out 查明，弄清你的灵感从哪儿来？每位艺术家都希望创作出能表达自己理念的作品。

但艺术家们的这些理念从何而来？是谁，抑或是什么启发了他们？下面，我们进一步发掘了三位截然不同的艺术家成功背后的因素。

Florentijn Hofman, visual artist①Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, whose large sculptures are on display all over the world.One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys. These objects have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.②Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through thegenerations. He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.③“During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish being fed by people. You see alsosome fish sculpted on the wall.” These sights set Hofman’s idea for Floating Fish in motion.visual 视觉的turn to 求助于，转向sculpture n.雕像，雕塑品on display展出，陈列inspiration 灵感，鼓励folk tales民间故事set… in motion使…开始pass…down through generations把某物世代相传float漂浮being fed by people 在句子中作定语成分,修饰fishsculpted on the wall在句子中作定语_成分,修饰fish弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼，视觉艺术家①弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。

译林版七年级上册英语Unit4 My day第42页部分课文翻译1 Wake up, Eddie!醒醒，埃迪！2 Is it time for breakfast?到早饭时间了吗？3 Shall we go walking in the hills?我们到山间去散步好吗？No. I seldom go out. After breakfast, I sleep, and then I have lunch. After lunch, l always need a good rest. 不。

我很少出去。

早饭后，我睡觉，然后我吃午饭。

午饭后，我总是需要好好休息。

4 Some dogs just don t know how to have fun. 有些狗就是不知道怎样娱乐。

School life学校生活Millie writes to her online friend about her school life. She also writes about her likes and dislikes at school. 米莉给她的网友写关于她的学校生活。

她也写了关于她在学校的喜恶。

Task: Tell your friends about your day at school and your likes and dislikes.任务：告诉你的朋友们关于你在学校的一天以及你的喜恶。

Unit4 Welcome to the unit B部分课文翻译Millie is telling her aunt about her school life. Work in pairs and talk about your school life. Use the conversation below as a model.米莉在告诉她的姑母关于她的学校生活。

结对活动并谈论你们的学校生活。

用下面的对话作为范例。

Unit Four CommunicationText AComprehensionⅠ. Getting Main IdeasThe whole text can be divided into three parts. Read the text and complete the following table. The partition has been given to you, so you are supposed to finish the main idea of each part.Ⅱ. Identifying DetailsAnswer the following content questions based on details of the text.1.When Juliet was six years old, the author started the writing tradition with her daughter.2.Because the author gave in reasons why Juliet wanted clogs.3. They exchanged notes about boys, homework, phone calls, helping with housework, apologies after shouting matches and any happy thoughts.4. Because she thought writing down feelings to her mom is much easier for her than trying to speak about them.5. Yes! She is satisfied with Juliet’s makeup because Juliet’s face seemed to light up.6. Yes! Juliet’s letters from college have been wonderful.Language FocusⅢ.Working with the Proper Word or PhraseFill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Make change to the form when necessary.1. apologies2. brush3.exchanged4.match5. tremendous6. responded7.mood8. touched9. appropriate 10. makeupⅣ.Focusing on grammar tipsPlease select the correct answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. B2.A3.A4.A5.C6. D7.C8.A9.A 10.DⅤ.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English.1.Fighting with fists is not a good way to settle an argument.2.The young parents scolded their child because he spoke rudely to the guest.3.The government called on people to hold on to the tradition of respecting the old.4.No matter what he met, his family will pull him through.5.True, you have failed this time, but at least you can draw a lesson from thisexperience.Ⅵ. ClozeThere are 10 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for for each gap from the box following the passage.1. walked2. break3. lying4. laughter5. sparkle6. share7. turned8. grow9. hold 10. crashedⅦ. WritingSample:The Equality in Family Communication Recently, an English website launched a survey with the question “do you think there is communication problem within your family”. 72.6% of the participants believe communication problem do exist in their family. When they were asked what have caused this kind of problem, 31.6% of them think that the way in which they communicate is inappropriate and 27.6% believe it has something to do with the compelling force of parents. Another 23.3% blame for the social problems while the rest 17.5% think that the rebellious children are responsible for that.In my opinion, no matter what caused the communication problem between the family members, we should take active measures to deal with it. For one thing, equal communication should be advocated within the family. We’ll be more willing to open our heart when we’re all in an equal position. Equality is essential for parents and children to make friends with each other. For another, the whole family should take part in some activities that all the members are interested in. if the family members can do things together, they will stay with each other longer and of course, will talk more and know each other better. Last but not the least, children should always put their feet in their parents’shoes and listen more to their parents. Once the children understand the purpose of the parents they may not be so rebellious and the communication between them will be much easier.All in all, the communication problem within the family should be solved by the joint efforts of all the family members.Text BComprehensionⅠ. Understanding the MessageRead the text and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1-5 D D C B AⅡ. Working with the Proper Word or PhraseComplete each of the following sentences by deciding on the most proper word from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1—5 ABCDD 6-10 CBAAA课文翻译Text A我的女儿，我的朋友你相信文字书信的奇妙作用吗?当用话语无法表达时，文字书信更能使人们相互亲近。

大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。

男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。

轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。

“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。

”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。

塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。

“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。

“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。

“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。

孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。

我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。

午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。

电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。

她想知道我这一天过得可好。

“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。

“你过得怎么样?”我问道。

“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。

“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。

又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。

”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。

第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。

我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。

既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。

”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。

公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。

“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。

“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。

就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。

这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。

Unit4 翻译题参考答案(课本53页4、5题)英译汉：1．在过去的15年里，手机已成为改变英国人日常行为方式的最主要的因素。

据估计，目前英国手机用户已超过5,500万，而在1997年还不足1,000万。

2．现在有消息说，伦敦的手机信号覆盖范围将拓展延伸。

以后，在伦敦的每一个角落都有手机信号，就连地铁也不例外。

3．这个研究话题激起了我的兴趣，为此，我走遍了法国各地。

4．这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悦，但偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。

5．但是这不等于说我们需要熟悉掌握不同文化的风俗习惯和礼仪。

丰富的知识能使你自如地应对世界各国不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。

汉译英：1．It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobile phone subscribers is in danger.2．The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for leisure activities, such as travelling.3．What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures. 4．In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.5．You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.。

Unit4 Passage A 课后练习Read and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage.1 She decided to experience living abroad early in her college years and she actually went to liv e abroad two months after she graduated from college．2 Her classmates looked for permanent jobs in the “real world” but she looked for a temporary job in another country．3 Because she only had a work visa but no job or place to live．She had no one to rely on but to depend entirely on herself．4 She had her first interview the first week and she had three altogether．5 She thought it had many advantages．Firstly she truly got to learn the culture. Secondly，it was an economical way to live and travel in another country．Thirdly，she had the chance to gain valuable working experience and internationalize her resume．She strongly recommended it．Read and complete3 Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the passage．Don’t refer back to it until you have finished.1 living abroad；the“real world”2 go and work；interviewing for3 to live abroad；was willing to do anything4 a program；with the interest5 language；opportunities6 graduated from college；traveled throughout7 finding a job；financial resources；paycheck8 found a job in London；very well—known；employers9 accepted；international bank；located10 the best decision；hesitate for a secondLanguage FocusRead and complete4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below．Change the form where necessary．1 undertaken2 had intended3 resources4 inquiries5 investigated6 recommend7 participates8 aspects9 hesitate 10 economical5 Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 running low2 turned out3 participate in4 as a result5 so far6 Rewrite the following sentences，replacing the underlined words with their synonyms you have learned in this unit．1 employment 2 opportunities 3 advantages 4 expenses 5 accommodation(s)Read and translate7 Translate the following sentences into English．1 I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet．2 John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble．3 I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa．4 It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found／took a job in an international bank．5 After finishing his teaching，Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America．Read and simulate8 Read and compare the English sentences，paying attention to their italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences．1 Of the three jobs available／offered，I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition．2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company．3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since 1 was not well prepared and I needed t o do more homework ／preparation．4 The university I work at is in a beautiful．scenic spot Located two miles from the Xiang River．5 Exercise has many advantages．For one，it helps you to lose weight．Secondly, it helps prevent disease．Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong．Unit4 Passage A课文译文玛塞娜的工作经历进大学不久我就下定决心，在进入“现实世界”前先到国外呆一段。

Unit 4 Fresh StartIn-Class Reading Fresh Start新的开端1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。

我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。

我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。

我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。

2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。

然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。

坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。

3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。

天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。

4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。

算了吧。

我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。

5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。

我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。

手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。

就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。

6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。

但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。

7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。

到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。

也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。

于是我去了食堂。

8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。

突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。

抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。

当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。

他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。

我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。

Unit 4Text A The Healing Power of NatureI. Exploring the Texti. Comprehension of the Text1. D C A C3.1) Professor Roger Ulrich reported in the journal Science that patients who viewed trees outside of the windows were discharged from the hospital almost a day earlier, on average, than those whosaw walls, and they took fewer strong doses of pain-relieving narcotics.2) According to some studies, psychologists have found that exposure to trees, streams and other natural features improves concentration, creativity and emotional functioning. Office workers with nature views are more enthusiastic about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their lives. Nature can ease ADHD symptoms in kids, and children who see trees from their windows concentrate better, act less impulsively and are more able to delay gratification.3) The term qi can refer to material, energy, even conditions like dampness or heat, and experts disagree about how to define it.4) One theory of Western scientists about nature’s benefits is that nature can restore our tired minds mainly because it’s quietly fascinating, which rests our mental muscles. And the other theory is that the refreshment by nature might even be hardwired.II. Activating Your Vocabularyi. 1)-5) d g i f j6)-10) c b a e hii. 1) account for 2) vibrant3) rejuvenated4) irritable/irritated5) boost 6) put in perspective7) ailments8) refreshed/refreshes9) impulsive10) healedIII. Enriching Your Word Poweri.1) henpecked 2) much-used 3) homemade4) snow-covered5)ill-informed 6) town-bred7) well-paid 8) newly-builtii.1) for instance 2) In addition 3) such as 4) other 5) Finally 6) SoⅣ. Challenging Your Grammar1) leaving 2) burnt 3) Encouraged 4) Dropping 5) Delighted6) shopping 7) Being 8) Confined 9) knocking 10) ObservedV. Translationi. 西方科学家提出自己的两套理论来阐明大自然的裨益。

Unit 4学英语既有乐趣又有回报文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，并且有教化作用，而且是流行的和实际的。

在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的主修英语。

让人惊异的是可，这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。

他们的经验表明，这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的，即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作：事实上，主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。

有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格指定的课程。

有人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理，甚至人体解刨学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。

未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，实际上，这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。

令人惊讶的是，许多法学院和医学院却指出，如此专门化的准备不但没有必要，而且并不可取。

没有什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好的准备是培养学生能够进行批判性的思考；能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表达，能够对他人的动机、行动和思想进行敏锐的分析。

这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。

此外，要进入法学院就读，通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试中取得一个通得过的分数。

这项测试包括三个部分：首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。

测试的第二部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。

第三个部分是检验学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。

显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院的录取考试回得心应手。

至于医学院，入学要求的一条知识修满32个学时的理科课程。

这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。

另外，许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中取得规定的最低分，这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说有十分有利。

Unit 4 My home我的家ALet's talkI have a cat. She's cute.我有一只猫。

她很可爱。

Where is she?她在哪儿？Mmm. Is she in the living room?嗯。

她在客厅里吗？No, she isn't.不，她不在。

Is she in the study?她在书房里吗？No, she isn't.不，她不在。

Look! She's in the kitchen.看！她在厨房里。

Let's learnWhere's Amy?埃米在哪儿？Is she in the study?她在书房里吗？Yes, she is.是的，她在。

bedroom living room study kitchen bathroom 卧室客厅书房厨房浴室Let's doGo to the living room.Watch TV.去客厅。

看电视。

Go to the study.Read a book.去书房。

看书。

Go to the kitchen.Have a snack.去厨房。

吃点心。

Go to the bedroom.Have a nap.去卧室。

打个盹。

Go to the bathroom.Take a shower.去浴室。

洗澡。

Let's spellRead, listen and chant./ju:/ u s e c u t e exc u s e使用可爱的打扰一下Listen, circle and say.cute cut us use fun tube可爱的剪我们使用有趣管up excuse bus /ʌ/ mum mule向上打扰一下公共汽车妈妈骡Listen, circle and write.圈u-e cute圈u up圈u-e useBLet's talkOpen the door, please.请打开门。

21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后习题答案unit 4我喜欢动物劳拉?A?莫雷蒂“你觉得你为什么这么喜欢动物呢？”这是圣诞夜我的家人问我的问题。

我知道他们期待我会说些诸如“我喜欢动物是因为它们聪明、好玩”之类的话。

可是我却说：“我喜欢动物，因为它们诚实。

”“在哪方面呢？”我的一个兄弟问道——似乎诚实仅仅表现在说实话，而众所周知动物是不会说话的！他的问题引来一阵开怀大笑。

“我喜欢动物，因为它们从不假装成别人，”我继续我的回答，“动物不会伪造感情。

”圣诞晚餐吃过了，礼物也打开了，我们正坐在沙发和扶手椅上。

咖啡正端上来，于是我抓紧机会继续说。

“我喜欢动物，因为它们从生活中只索取它们需要的东西。

它们不糟蹋环境，不污染水和它们所呼吸的空气。

它们不生产大规模杀伤性武器，然后用这些武器去攻击别人——尤其是它们的同类。

我喜欢动物因为它们根本不需要那些东西。

”“那是因为它们无知，”我的姐姐争论道,“它们不做这些事是因为它们根本不知道怎么做。

”狮子们不会聚在一起，”我反击道,“来商议如何灭绝斑马——即它们的食物来源。

我想这并不是因为它们不知道怎么做，而是因为这么做会适得其反。

”他们笑了。

“我喜欢动物，”我继续道，“还因为它们不留恋过去的东西，也不把过去的东西用作现在行为的借口。

它们不去计划未来的生活，它们只活在今天，这一刻，充实地，完全地，单纯地活着。

我喜欢动物因为它们比人类活得自由得多。

”“那是因为它们不会思考,”我的一个表亲说。

“这就是差别之所在吗？”我感到疑惑。

“你是想说它们不以我们的方式思考吧。

”屋里变得异常安静。

我很惊讶我的家人竟听得如此专注。

“还有，”我想起了自己成为保护动物权益积极分子的原因，随即补充道，“动物是地球上受害最深的生物：甚于儿童，甚于妇女，甚于有色人种。

偏见使我们去剥削、利用它们，把它们当作科研工具和可消耗的商品，还去吃它们。

我们把所能想到的任何暴行都用在它们身上。

我喜欢动物，因为它们不对自己或别人做那些我们对它们做的事情。

Unit Four Job HuntingCommunicative FunctionTalking about Job ApplicationsTask 2 Listen and RespondKey1. She is now working at Creative Advertising Company.2. The atmosphere in the company drives her crazy.3. Secretary.4. The boss is very hard to get along with.5. She has been a secretary before.6. She knows how to handle a bad-tempered boss.Task 3Listen and SimulateSample 11)My name‟s2)Would you like to have a seat?3)Now, have you brought your resume with you?4)Can I send them to you?Sample 21.Tell me a little bit about yourself.2.What kind of personality do you think you have?3.What would you say are your weaknesses and strengths?4.Do you have any licenses or certificates?5.How do you get along with others?Video WatchingHow to Choose the Right CareerKeyStep 1:List your passions and interests.Step 2:Identify your strengths, skills, and talents.Step 3:List your personal preferences and needs.Step 4:Get professional advice by taking career assessment tests and tests that evaluate your personality and temperament.Step 5:Research the job market to learn about careers that match your interests and personality. Step 6:Prepare to begin a new chapter in your life as you pursue a career.1)Guidance2)belief3)managing4)lack5)increase6)commute7)available8)online9)satisfaction10)painter.Text A Related TasksTask 2 Read and ExploreWords1.excellent2. navigate3. law4. educated5. technical6.recommend7. marketing8. wealth9. hire10. mentionPhrases1. B2. D3. A4. C5. AStructure1. 当他工作时2. 而数英里外的沙漠中天气却很干燥3. 虽然玛丽更喜爱纯咖啡4. 虽然我承认存在问题5. 虽然教书确实是一份艰难的工作6. 当他们仍在母亲体内生长时Word Formation1.novelist2. motorist3. Socialist4. Pessimist5. pianistTranslation1. 一位精通药品贸易的商务顾问曾经告诉我，有许多医生和牙医生活拮据。

Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo comprehend the whole storyTo lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercome inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles inlye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, movi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ’em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award （美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fame .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed StudyEveryday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, ugly If someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [‘ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people’s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are workingThe breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We’re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretended She lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.Don’t be afraid of monster - the story’s only make-believe.The little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement. He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one’s wit’s end: at the end of one’s tether25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (麦斯林纱, 平纹细布) with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women’s dresses(蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)。

Unit 4 Career Planning择业规划1 进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤。

我们每个人对不同的因素有不同侧重，也许在不同的时候会考虑择业规划的不同方面。

进行择业规划，要收集有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料，估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果，最后做出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。

2 许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。

他们列出了以下事实：1）大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄；2）多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业，而实际上只有15%至18%的从业人员在做专业性的工作；3）男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然，尽管这些领域会提供许多就业机会；4）多达三分之一的学生说不出选择什么职业好。

3 欧文·贾尼斯和利昂·曼在他们的《决策》一书中指出，许多人的决策方式存在严重缺陷，而这些问题似乎与人们处理问题的模式有关。

第一个缺陷是自满。

有些人对于要费心思考虑的择业信息置之不理，这就是自满的表现。

有些人采取“这不会影响我”或“这永远也不会发生”的态度，这就是以自满作为支配地位的行为模式。

当然，对于那些不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但在做职业方面的决策时，来不得自满。

4 人们在决策方式上存在的第二个缺陷是消极回避。

每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。

有些学生没有考虑到职业抉择会产生的影响，往往采取文过饰非（对自己的行为所作的解释虽能自我满足但却是错误的，以此来欺骗自己）或者拖延（推迟或耽搁）的态度。

面对现状也许会令人焦急不安，但认真考虑一下各种方案也能给人宽慰。

5 第三个缺陷是过份地提心吊胆。

当人们面对职业选择而又感到没有足够时间找到解决方法时，会感到惊慌失措。

他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会，然后采取匆忙的决定，忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果，也忽视了其他的择业机会。

惊慌失措的人往往会思路不清，缺乏逻辑。

6 最好的做法就是眼观六路，耳听八方。