上海复旦实验中学2020年期中单元测试

2020年上海复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAQUILA Children’s Magazine is the most intelligent read for curious kids. Full of enthusiastic articles and challenging puzzles, every issue covers science, history and general knowledge. AQUILA is a quality production, beautifully illustrated with contemporary artwork throughout.● Intelligent reading for 8-12 year-olds● Cool science and challenging projects● Inspires self-motivated learning● Exciting new topic every issueAQUILA is created and owned by an independent UK company. It has 28 pages,printed on high-quality paper and there are no advertisements or posters. Instead it is full of well-written articles, thought-provoking ideas and great contemporary artwork. Each monthly issue is centred around a new topic.AQUILA works as a superb learning extension to current primary (or KS2 and KS3) curriculum (课程), but it is much more than that! Entertaining and always surprising, AQUILA is recommended because it widens children’s interest and understanding, rather than encouraging them to concentrate only on their favourite subjects. It gives children a well-rounded understanding of the world, in all its complexity.The concepts in AQUILA can be challenging, requiring good comprehension and reading skills. 8 years is usually a good age to start. Some gentle interest from an adult is often helpful at the start.In 2020 AQUILA will have been in publication for 28 years, but it has never appeared in newsstands or shops. We are subscription only.AQUILA SubscriptionUK: 12 Months £55 - 4 Months £30Europe: 12 Months £60 -4 Months £35World: 12 Months £70 - 4 Months £35BirthdaysSelect the Birthday option, write a gift message and choose the birthday month. We will dispatch to arrive at the start of the month you have entered. The package posts in a blue envelope marked ‘Open on your birthday’.1.What is special about AQUILA?A.It is available in shops.B.It is for kids of all ages.C.It has no advertisements.D.It prints readers’ artworks.2.What does AQUILA offer its readers?A.Articles on modern art.B.Family reading materials.C.Ideas on improving readingskills.D.Knowledge beyond school subjects.3.AQUILA is intended for ________.A.foreign language learnersB.children with learning difficultiesC.parent-child reading loversD.curious kids with good comprehensionBFor 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to unheard of levels. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea-levels to rise and has brought about adangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense climatic changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic (人为的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The most recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0. 74 degrees in the period from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, sea levels have risen and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries inAsiaand small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference inParis. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that will, for the first time, commit nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address globalclimate change. That was certainly an encouraging step forward for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We are left with not much of a choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!4. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The information of industrial revolution.B. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C. The reasons of climate change.D. The result of extreme weather events.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We have made great achievements.B. Some measures are still required to take.C. Mars is suitable for people’s living.D. Some countries will receive urgent aid.6. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Long Live Planet Earth!B.Environment Changes Rapidly!C. What Serious Global Warming!D. How Important the UN Agreement Is!7. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?A. B.C. D.CWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.8. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.9. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.10. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.11. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.DThefirst thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are most highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill. By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s.Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face.Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color1 blindness. Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain color1 s such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different color1 s.There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being, people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they may find a cure.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The way to improve one’s face-recognition skills.B. The simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces.C. The fact that some people have face-recognition problems.D. The importance of face recognition in human communication.13. When do children have the best face-recognition skills?A. At birth.B. Half a year old.C. Nine months old.D. In adolescence.14. What does the underlined word “startled” in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?A. Depressed.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Surprised.15. What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?A. People need to take it seriously.B. Certain techniques can make up for it.C. It will be cured in the near future.D. It has the same effect with color1 blindness.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图所示的细胞可能是（）A. 酵母细胞B. 原核细胞C. 动物细胞D. 植物细胞2. 一个成熟的植物细胞，其原生质层主要包括( )A. 细胞膜和液泡膜之间的细胞质B. 细胞壁、细胞膜、液泡膜及细胞核C. 细胞膜、核膜和这两层膜之间的细胞质D. 细胞膜、液泡膜和这两层膜之间的细胞质3. 普通光学显微镜的分辨力极限约为0．2微米，小于0．2微米的结构就需要用电子显微镜进行观察，科学家将之称为亚显微结构。

下列有关显微观察的叙述，正确的是（）A.将藓类叶片制成临时装片，直接在普通光学显微镜下观察可见叶绿体、线粒体B.调暗视野后，可在普通光学显微镜下观察到未经染色的动物细胞的细胞膜C.核糖体、中心体属亚显微结构，用电子显微镜可在低等植物细胞中观察到D.尼克森等据电子显微下细胞膜呈清晰的暗—亮—暗结构提出了流动镶嵌模型4. 如图是根据细胞器的相似或不同点来进行分类的，下列选项中不是此图分类依据的是（）A.有无膜结构B.单层膜还是双层膜C.有无色素D.是否普遍存在于动植物细胞中5. 下列有关内环境及其稳态的说法正确的是（）A. 内环境是指细胞外液，包括血液、组织液和淋巴等B. 内环境稳态遭到破坏一定与外界环境的剧烈变化有关C. 人体在寒冷环境中产热增加、散热减少，从而维持体温的恒定D. 胰岛素的作用结果影响胰岛素分泌的过程属于反馈调节6. 有一条多肽链由12个氨基酸组成，分子式为CXHYOWNZS(Z>12，W>13)，这条多肽链经过水解后的产物中有5种氨基酸：半胱氨酸(C3H7O2NS)、丙氨酸(C3H7O2N)、天冬氨酸(C4H7O4N)、赖氨酸(C6H14O2N2)、苯丙氨酸(C9H11O2N)。

水解产物中天冬氨酸的数目是（）A.(Y＋12)个B.（Z＋12)个C.(W－13)个D.(W－13)/2个7. 其人因一次意外而导致下丘脑受到损伤，这样可能会导致他的（）①甲状腺激素分泌量发生变化①体温调节发生变化①血糖含量发生变化①细胞外液渗透压发生变化①垂体释放抗利尿激素减少A.①①①B.①①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①8. 马铃薯四倍体栽培种没有青枯病的抗性基因，少数马铃薯野生种存在青枯病的抗性基因。

2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中考试试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 金链花由于受到能分泌细胞分裂素类物质的病原体的侵袭，侧芽生长失控，形成大量分支，称为“扫帚病”，有关分析正确的是A. 该现象说明细胞分裂素类物质能解除植物的顶端优势B. 该病原体分泌的细胞分裂素类物质是一种能调节植物生长发育的植物激素C. 侧芽生长失控是因为该部位生长素与细胞分裂素的比值增大D. 正常生长的金链花侧芽生长受抑制是因为生长素含量不足2. 图1表示芽的生长与生长素浓度的关系，图2表示幼苗横放时，根的生长与生长素浓度的关系。

下列叙述错误的是（）A. 图1中a点可表示植株的侧芽部位的生长状况B. 图2中d、f点的作用效果体现了生长素作用的两重性C. 图2中f点可表示根近地侧生长素的作用D. 图2中e点的生长素浓度对植物的生长没有抑制作用3. 生命科学研究中常用“建模”方法表示微观物质的结构，图中甲～丙分别表示细胞中常见的三种大分子有机物，每种有机物都有其特定的基本组成单位。

则与下图中甲～丙对应完全吻合的是哪一组（）A.DNA、RNA、纤维素B.多肽、RNA、淀粉C.DNA、蛋白质、糖原D.核酸、多肽、糖原4. 科学家在太空船上做实验处理如下图，下列关于实验的叙述正确的是（）A.生长素浓度：a>b>c=d，①①①①胚芽都出现生长现象B.生长素浓度：a=b=c=d，①①①①生长状况基本相同C.生长素浓度：a>c=b>d，①生长最快D.生长素浓度：a>c=d>b，①生长最快5. 如图为洋葱细胞在适宜浓度的硝酸钾溶液中发生质壁分离及复原过程中的某一时刻图像，下列判断错误的是A.①是细胞壁，对植物细胞具有支持和保护作用B.①处是硝酸钾溶液，若替换为30％的蔗糖溶液则不会自动复原C. 结构①①①化学组成不同，但都具有选择透过性D. 外界溶液浓度与细胞液浓度的大小此时无法确定6. 如图为叶绿体结构与功能示意图，A、B、C、D表示叶绿体的结构，①①①①①表示有关物质。

2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于人体内环境及其稳态的叙述，正确的是（）A. 人体剧烈运动后，血浆的pH会明显下降B. 蛋白质消化分解成氨基酸发生在人体的内环境中C. 有三种以上的生理系统参与维持人体内环境稳态D. 血浆渗透压与蛋白质含量有关，与无机盐离子含量无关2. 如图为神经—肌肉连接示意图，以下分析正确的是A. 刺激N点引起的肌肉收缩属于反射活动B. 刺激图中的肌肉，电流表的指针一定偏转2次C. 刺激M点可以引起肌肉收缩，电流表指针偏转2次D. 在该反射弧中，兴奋在神经纤维上的传导是双向的3. 为探究植物细胞的吸水和失水过程，某同学以紫色的洋葱鱗片叶和蔗糖溶液等为实验材料，具体操作过程如下图所示。

下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.为便于观察应撕取洋葱鳞片叶的外表皮B.步骤①~①中，均应保持细胞的活性C.三次显微镜下观察均需在低倍镜下找到物像后再换成高倍镜D.若将蔗糖溶液换成适宜浓度的KNO3溶液，无需步骤①，细胞也可复原4. 如图是某哺乳动物减数分裂过程中三个细胞部分染色体及其上的基因示意图，乙、丙均来自甲细胞，下列叙述错误的是（）A.甲细胞产生的突变基因可能通过卵细胞传递给子代B.乙细胞含有2个染色体组，丙细胞含1个染色体组C.丙细胞产生的卵细胞的基因组成是aB或ABD.若甲细胞产生基因型为Aab的配子，则说明减数第一次分裂时同源染色体未分离5. 下图表示A TP-ADP的循环图解。

下列叙述正确的A.①属于放能反应，在细胞内与其他吸能反应密切联系B.溶酶体中蛋白质水解为氨基酸需要①过程提供能量C.人在饥饿时，细胞内的过程①和①也能达到平衡D.各种生物均能独立完成ATP-ADP的循环6. 其人因一次意外而导致下丘脑受到损伤，这样可能会导致他的（）①甲状腺激素分泌量发生变化①体温调节发生变化①血糖含量发生变化①细胞外液渗透压发生变化①垂体释放抗利尿激素减少A.①①①B.①①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①7. 下图为相互联系的两个神经元部分结构示意图。

2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANAME: JohnFAVORITE SPORT: Basketball FAVORITE SNACK: PizzaHOBBY: Photography PET: Beagle named MaxFUNNIEST MOMENT: “On Max's birthday, we sang the ‘Happy Birthday’ song to him and he got a big treat. A month later, my family sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to me. Max got so excited because he remembered the song. He whined(嘀咕) when he didn't get a treat, so we gave him one.”NAME: SarahFAVORITE SPORT: Track and field FAVORITE SNACK: GranolaHOBBY: Guitar PET: Cat named LuluFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One day in my kindergarten, I opened my snack bag and found a tennis ball and a sock! My little brother had played his first practical joke. Thanks, Bryan!”NAME: PaulFAVORITE SPORT: Baseball FAVORITE SNACK: Apple with peanut butterHOBBY: Making comics PET: Tropical fishFUNIEST MOMENT: “In a school play, I was supposed to say the line ‘Stop right there, cowboy!’ Devin was playing the cowboy, and 1 said, ‘Stop right there, Devin!’ It was supposed to be a serious part of the play, but Devin cracked up. Then everybody else laughed, too, including me.”NAME: ScottFAVORITE SPORT: Soccer FAVORITE SNACK: BananasHOBBY: Drawing dinosaursPET: Hermit crab named HermieFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One night, we were camping in a state park. I heard a loud thumping(砰砰作响) outside the tent. I was sure that it was a bear! I used my flashlight to look around the campsite(野营地) and saw a little toad hopping away, going thump, thump, thump!”1.Whom will you get in touch with if you also like taking photos?A.Scott.B.Sarah.C.John.D.Paul.2.Where did Sarah find the tennis ball and the sock?A.At her friend's birthday party.B.In her kindergarten.C.In her school.D.In a state park.3.Outside the tent, what thumped that night?A.A bear.B.A cat.C.A fish.D.A toad.BMove over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”4. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D. It provides more than enough services for children.5. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A. Its cost.B. Its benefits.C. Its popularity.D. Its ending.6. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.7. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.CBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TVaudience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.8. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.9. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.10. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.11. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientDAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species of ocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” the reporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.12. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.13. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.14. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.15. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In Decline第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. A TP、GTP、CTP和UTP是细胞内四种高能磷酸化合物，它们的结构只是碱基的不同，下列叙述错误的是（）A.A TP的合成常伴随着细胞内的放能反应B.1分子GTP彻底水解可得到3种小分子物质C.CTP中“C”是由胞嘧啶和脱氧核糖构成的D.UTP断裂两个特殊化学键后可作为合成RNA的原料2. 在特异性免疫和非特异性免疫中均发挥作用的是A.T细胞B.B细胞C.巨噬细胞D.红细胞3. 下列关于细胞内化合物的叙述，错误的是（）A.DNA、RNA和磷脂的组成中都有P元素B.糖原水解的最终产物是葡萄糖C.蔗糖和乳糖水解的产物都有葡萄糖D.脂肪、生长激素、核酸都是生物体内的能源物质4. 如图表示一个细胞周期中每条染色体上DNA含量的变化，下列叙述错误的是（）A.bc段发生DNA分子的复制B.cd段细胞内一定存在染色单体C.de段表示着丝粒的分裂D.ef段核DNA含量是cd段的一半5. 由于轻微创伤使小腿某处皮下青紫并且局部水肿，对这一现象合理的解释是（）A.毛细血管破裂，部分血液外流，使局部组织液渗透压增高B.毛细淋巴管破裂，淋巴液外渗，使局部组织液回渗到血管C.毛细血管收缩，血流量减少，使局部组织液含量减少D.毛细血管扩张，血流量增加，使局部组织液含量减少6. 下列所用技术与原理不相符的是A.胰蛋白酶处理——酶的专一性B.细胞融合——细胞膜的流动性C.动物细胞培养——细胞的全能性D.克隆羊的诞生——细胞核的全能性7. 下列疾病中，与免疫功能无关的是（）A. 艾滋病与类风湿性关节炎B. 癌症与系统性红斑狼疮C. 高度近视与苯丙酮尿症D. 吃海鲜过敏与过敏性鼻炎8. 下例关于细胞“一定”的说法正确的是（）A.含细胞壁结构的细胞一定为植物细胞B.含中心体的细胞一定为动物细胞C.绿色植物细胞内一定含叶绿体D.所有生物的蛋白质一定是在核糖体上合成的9. 细胞周期同步是指利用特定方法使分裂细胞都处于细胞周期的同一阶段，高浓度TdR（胸腺嘧啶核苷）双阻断法是常用的同步方法。

2020届上海市复旦实验中学高三生物期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.世界卫生组织(WHO)将2019年引起肺炎疫情的新冠病毒命名为2019—nCoV，该病毒为有包膜病毒，可以通过膜融合进入宿主细胞，其基因组长度为29．8kb，为单链+RNA，其5’端为甲基化帽子，3’端有多聚腺苷酸(PolyA)结构，与真核生物的信使RNA非常相似，可直接作为翻译的模板，表达出RNA聚合酶等物质。

下列有关说法合理的是（）A.2019—CoV属于RNA病毒，可在逆转录酶参与合成DNAB. 人类成熟mRNA5’端有甲基化帽子、3’端有多聚腺苷酸(PolyA)结构C.20l9—nCoV需在宿主细胞内增殖，其侵入宿主细胞方式和T2噬菌体相同D.2019—nCoV与人体内的宿主细胞具有完全相同的碱基互补配对方式2.近年诞生的具有划时代意义的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可简单、准确地进行基因定点编辑。

其原理是由一条单链向导RNA引导核酸内切酶Cas9到一个特定的基因位点进行切割。

通过设计向导RNA中20个碱基的识别序列，可人为选择DNA上的目标位点进行切割（见下图）。

下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.Cas9蛋白由相应基因指导在核糖体中合成B. 向导RNA中的双链区遵循碱基配对原则C. 向导RNA可在逆转录酶催化下合成D. 若α链剪切点附近序列为……TCCAGAATC……，则相应的识别序列为……UCCAGAAUC……3.风湿性心脏病、系统性红斑狼疮等一类疾病是A. 病原体感染机体而引发的疾病，有传染性B. 机体免疫功能不足或缺乏而引发的疾病，无传染性C. 人体免疫系统对自身的组织和器官造成损伤而引发的疾病D. 已免疫的机体再次接受相同物质的刺激而引发的过敏反应4.正常机体通过调节作用使各器官系统协调活动，共同维持内环境的相对稳定，机体维持稳态的主要调节机制是A.体液调节B.神经调节C.免疫调节D.神经-体液-免疫调节5.关于人体内环境稳态的叙述，错误的是( )①血浆渗透压与蛋白质含量有关，与无机盐离子含量无关②人吃酸性食品会导致体内的pH降低③每个人的体温在一天中是保持不变的④内环境稳态的维持需要多种器官、系统的协调作用，并且人体维持内环境稳态的调节能力有限⑤严重腹泻、呕吐，只需要补充足够的水，不用补充Na＋A.①②④⑤B.②⑤C.①②③④D.①②③⑤6.将同一部位紫色洋葱外表皮细胞分别浸在甲、乙、丙3种溶液中，测得原生质层的外界面与细胞壁间距离变化如图所示，下列相关分析错误的是A. 实验开始时，甲、乙溶液的浓度均大于洋葱表皮细胞细胞液浓度B. 与t0时相比，t2时乙溶液中洋葱表皮细胞的细胞液浓度未发生变化C. 实验过程中，丙溶液中有水分子进出洋葱表皮细胞D. 实验结束时，甲、乙溶液的浓度有所下降7.ATP(甲)是生命活动的直接能源物质，据图判断下列叙述正确的是（）A. 在主动运输过程中，细胞内乙的含量会明显增加B. 丙中不含磷酸键，是DNA基本组成单位之一C. 丁由腺嘌呤和核糖组成，而戊可用于甲的合成D. 甲→乙和乙→丙过程中，其催化作用的酶空间结构相同8.下图表示的是某动物细胞内三种生物膜结构在某过程前、后的面积变化，那么该过程产生的物质很可能是下列哪一项（）A. 肠脂肪酶、生长激素、性激素B. 抗体、血浆蛋白、固醇C. 生长激素、抗体、唾液淀粉酶D. 抗体、胃蛋白酶、血红蛋白9.下列属于人体的第二道防线的是A. 皮肤角质层细胞屏障作用B. 胃粘膜起保护作用C. 白细胞的吞噬作用D. 淋巴细胞的杀伤作用10.烫发时，先用还原剂使头发角蛋白的二硫键断裂，再用卷发器将头发固定形状，最后用氧化剂使角蛋白在新的位置形成二硫键。

2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列关于动、植物激素的说法，不正确的是A.动、植物激素的化学成分都是有机物B.动、植物激素都是微量高效的细胞代谢调节物质C.动、植物激素都是由特定的器官(或细胞)产生的D.动、植物的一生都需要多种激素相互作用、共同调节2. 阿胶原产于山东，主要由驴皮熬制而成，已有两千多年的应用历史，与人参、鹿茸一起被誉为“中药三宝”，具有一定的滋补作用，下列说法中正确的是（）A.阿胶为人体提供的主要营养物质可能是必需氨基酸B.驴皮细胞的脂肪含量较低，其主要储能物质是葡萄糖C.“中药三宝”具有滋补作用的原因是含有对人体有益的Zn、Fe、K等微量元素D.食用驴皮熬成的阿胶能减少人体对糖类的摄入，因为阿胶中含有丰富的纤维素3. 下列关于氨基酸的叙述，不正确的是（）A.氨基酸这一名词代表了氨基酸分子结构中的主要部分B.氨基酸仅通过脱水缩合的方式就可以形成蛋白质C.氨基酸主要由C、H、O、N四种元素组成D.氨基酸是蛋白质的彻底水解产物4. 下列关于酶及相关实验叙述，正确的是（）A.酶是活细胞产生的有机物，微量高效，能调节酶促反应.B.酶在适宜条件下活性最大，其活性可因反应条件的变化而改变C.利用淀粉和蔗糖两种物质探究淀粉酶专一性时，用碘液进行检测D.酶促反应中，酶能高效提供活化能，从而加速反应的进行5. 下列有关植物调节的描述错误的是（）A.生长素主要促进细胞核的分裂，细胞分裂素主要促进细胞质分裂B.决定器官生长发育的不是某种激素的相对含量，而是不同激素的绝对含量C.脱落酸能促进果实和叶片的脱落D.浸泡法所用时间比沾蘸法的时间较长6. 下列关于生物体生命活动调节的叙述，不正确的是（）A.神经系统对躯体运动和内脏活动都存在分级调节B.神经系统的某些结构也能分泌激素，参与体液调节C.如果母鸡出现了在清晨打鸣的现象，与性激素的调控有关D.神经递质和抗体，都可以作为信息分子调节生物体的生命活动7. 下列关于生命活动调节的叙述，正确的有①严重腹泻后只需补充水分就能维持细胞外液正常的渗透压①刺激支配肌肉的神经，引起该肌肉收缩的过程属于非条件反射①垂体功能受损的幼犬会出现抗寒能力减弱等现象①突触后膜上的受体与相应神经递质结合后，就会引起突触后膜的电位变化为外负内正①在草原上快速奔跑的狼体内，兴奋以局部电流的形式在神经纤维上双向传导①抗生素消灭病菌的过程体现了人体的免疫防卫功能①记忆细胞受到同种抗原再次刺激后，细胞周期变短①2、4-D、苯乙酸均为生长素类似物A. 一项B. 两项C. 三项D. 四项8. 我国西部沙漠地区生长着一种叶退化的药用植物锁阳，该植物依附在另一种植物小果白刺的根部生长，从其根部获取营养物质。

2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 关于激素、抗体、酶和神经递质的叙述，正确的是A. 激素和抗体都具有特异性，只能作用于特定的靶细胞B. 激素和酶都具有高效性，能产生酶的细胞一定能产生激素C. 激素弥散在全身的体液中，一经靶细胞接受即被灭活D. 乙酰胆碱与特定分子结合后可在神经元之间传递信息2. 马尔和沃伦因对引起胃溃疡的幽门螺杆菌的开创性研究成果，获得了2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

请问幽门螺杆菌与蓝细菌的共同特点是（）A.都能进行光合作用B.不具核膜，但有DNA和蛋白质结合的染色体C.遗传物质主要在拟核D.都没有核糖体3. 将洋葱表皮细胞置于一定浓度的KNO3溶液中，一段时间后用显微镜观察，未观察到质壁分离现象。

以下推测不合理的是（）A. 所取洋葱表皮细胞可能是死细胞B.KNO3溶液浓度可能低于细胞液浓度C. 细胞在盐溶液中不发生质壁分离D. 细胞可能发生质壁分离后又自动复原4. 关于植物激素的叙述，正确的是（）A. 植物激素是由植物体内的内分泌腺合成、分泌的微量有机物B. 植物的向光性不能说明生长素的生理作用具有两重性C. 乙烯能促进果实的成熟，所以在幼嫩的果实中含量较多D. 细胞分裂素能促进细胞分裂和细胞的伸长，所以在茎尖、根尖含量较多5. 在自然生态系统中，物质是能量的载体。

下列叙述正确的是A. 能量可驱动物质循环B. 物质和能量可循环利用C. 能量只能在食物链中流动D. 能量和生物数量金字塔均可倒置6. 下列有关细胞周期的叙述，正确的是( )A. 进行有丝分裂的细胞都具有细胞周期B. 细胞周期中可以发生突变和基因重组C. 抑制DNA复制，细胞会停滞在分裂期D. 不同生物细胞的细胞周期持续时间一般不同7. 如图为某一区域M、N两物种的资源利用曲线（纵横坐标分别表示被M、N两个物种所摄取的食物数量和种类），其中表述不正确的是（）A. 曲线不重叠时，M与N也可能存在竞争B. b越大，生物适应环境的能力越强C. d＜b时，M与N之间竞争激烈D. 当M呈“S”型增长到达K值时，会将N从该区域中完全排斥出去8. 下列关于细胞内化合物的叙述，正确的是（）A.缺铁会导致哺乳动物血液运输O2的能力下降B.硝化细菌主要从硝酸还原成氨的过程中获取能量C.叶肉细胞吸收的氮元素可用于合成叶绿素、ATP、酶和淀粉D.脂肪、淀粉、纤维素都是生物体内的能源物质9. 下列关于生物大分子的叙述，正确的是（）A. 生物大分子都在核糖体上合成B. 淀粉、糖原、核糖都是生物大分子C. 生物大分子都以碳链为基本骨架，由许多单体组成D. 生物大分子都可以为生命活动供能10. 当动物缺乏某种激素时，可以通过“饲喂法”或“注射法”对该激素进行人为补充，下列可以通过“饲喂法”补充的是（）A.胰岛素、抗利尿激素B.甲状腺激素、性激素C.性激素、生长激素D.胰高血糖素、甲状腺激素11. 下列关于反射和反射弧的叙述，正确的是（）A. 神经系统结构和功能的基本单位是反射弧B. 突触的结构决定了反射弧中兴奋传递的方向C. 控制排尿反射的高级神经中枢位于脑干D. 一个完整的反射弧至少包含3个神经元12. 用E、F、G分别代表来源于不同物种的一个染色体组，植物甲（EEFF）与植物乙（EEGG）杂交得到F1。

2020届上海市复旦实验中学高三生物期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 用不同浓度的药物X处理大蒜根尖分生区细胞3d、5d后，分别制片观察并计算有丝分裂指数[有丝分裂指数(％) =分裂期细胞数/观察细胞数×100%]，结果如图。

下列说法错误的是（）A. 药物X浓度为0时有丝分裂指数只有10%，表明多数细胞处于分裂间期B. 制作装片过程中使用解离液的目的是固定细胞的形态C. 药物X会抑制根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂D. 药物X一定浓度范围内处理时间延长，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降2. 如图表示植物叶肉细胞内光合作用、呼吸作用中氧的转移过程。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.过程①①都有ATP生成B.过程①①所需[H]全部来源于①C.过程①①都需在生物膜上进行D.过程①可以为①提供物质3. 某同学将一定量的某种动物的提取液（A）注射到实验小鼠体内，注射后若干天，未见小鼠出现明显的异常表现。

将小鼠分成两组，一组注射少量的A，小鼠很快发生了呼吸困难等症状；另一组注射生理盐水，未见小鼠有异常表现。

对实验小鼠在第二次注射A后的表现，下列解释合理的是A. 提取液中含有胰岛素，导致小鼠血糖浓度降低B. 提取液中含有乙酰胆碱，使小鼠骨骼肌活动减弱C. 提取液中含有过敏原，引起小鼠发生了过敏反应D. 提取液中含有呼吸抑制剂，可快速作用于小鼠呼吸系统4. 下图为甲、乙两种单基因遗传病的遗传家系图，其中一种遗传病为伴性遗传。

人群中乙病的发病率为1/256。

下列叙述正确的是A. 甲病是伴X染色体隐性遗传病B.和的基因型不同C. 若与某正常男性结婚，所生正常孩子的概率为25/51D. 若和再生一个孩子，同时患两种病的概率为1/175. 下列有关氨基酸的说法正确的是（）A. 自然界中氨基酸总共有21种B.R基是区别构成蛋白质的氨基酸的特征之一C. 必需氨基酸是指人体必需自身合成的氨基酸D.8个氨基酸脱水缩合而成的八肽链，包含了7个肽键6. 生物膜系统在细胞生命活动中的作用极为重要，真核细胞的生物膜系统在组成上包括（）A.细胞膜、染色体、核膜B.细胞膜、核糖体、核膜C.细胞膜、细胞器膜、核膜D.细胞膜、中心体、核膜7. 一个双链均被32P标记的DNA由5000个碱基对组成，其中腺嘌呤占20%，将其置于只含31P的环境中复制3次。

2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 我国古代劳动人民的许多生活、生产实践活动都离不开植物激素，例如：过去人们在密闭的米缸中点香，能使绿色香蕉变黄；我国宋代著作《种艺必用》中，记载了一种促进空中压条生根的方法：“凡嫁接矮果及花，用好黄泥晒干，筛过，以小便浸之。

又晒干，筛过，再浸之。

又晒又浸，凡十余次。

以泥封树枝……则根生；清代《棉业图说》中所附“摘心图”，文中记载“摘心”能使棉花亩产增加三四十斤。

下列相关分析不合理的是（）A.香在米缸中燃烧不充分释放出乙烯，能促进香蕉的发育与成熟B.人体尿液中含有微量生长素，生长素能促进插条生根C.棉花摘心能降低侧芽处生长素的浓度，促进侧芽的发育D.人体细胞不含与生长素结合的特异性受体，生长素对人体不起作用2. 下列相关实验与科学方法对应错误的是（）A.制作真核细胞三维结构模型——建构模型法B.观察叶绿体和细胞质流动——显微观察法C.探索细胞膜成分的实验——完全归纳法D.分离细胞中的细胞器——差速离心法3. 下列关于检测生物组织中的糖类、脂肪和蛋白质实验操作步骤的叙述中，正确的是（）A.用于鉴定还原糖的斐林试剂甲液和乙液，可直接用于蛋白质的鉴定B.若要鉴定花生种子细胞中是否含有脂肪，一定需要用显微镜观察C.鉴定可溶性还原糖时，要加入斐林试剂（甲液和乙液等量混合均匀再加入）D.用双缩脲试剂鉴定蛋白质时，需水浴加热2 min才能看到紫色4. 下列有关细胞共性的叙述，正确的是A. 都具有细胞膜但不一定具有磷脂双分子层B. 都具有细胞核但遗传物质不一定是DNAC. 都能进行细胞呼吸但不一定发生在线粒体中D. 都能合成蛋白质但合成场所不一定是核糖体5. 夏季晴朗的一天，甲乙两株同种植物在相同条件下CO2吸收速率的变化如图所示，下列说法正确的是A. 甲植株在a点开始进行光合作用B. 乙植株在e点有机物积累量最多C. 曲线b-c 段和d-e段下降的原因相同D. 两曲线b-d段不同的原因可能是甲植株气孔无法关闭6. 下列关于免疫失调所引起的疾病的叙述，不正确的是A.一旦接触过敏原，必会发生过敏反应B.过敏反应一般发作迅速、反应强烈C.系统性红斑狼疮是一种自身免疫病D.艾滋病可以通过血液传播7. 下列关于生命系统结构层次的叙述，不正确的是（）A.鱼的心脏和柳树的根属于生命系统的同一个结构层次B.高等动物和高等植物不都具有系统这一生命系统结构层次C.细胞是地球上最基本的生命系统D.生命活动的主要承担者蛋白质不是生命系统，也不是系统8. 植物叶片脱落过程中，叶片中低浓度生长素提高了叶柄中脱落区细胞对乙烯的敏感性。

2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 给严重缺氧的病人输氧时，要在纯氧中混入5%的二氧化碳气体，以维持呼吸中枢的兴奋，二氧化碳参与的这种调节属于A. 神经调节B. 体液调节C. 激素调节D. 神经调节和激素调节2. 将新鲜的苔藓植物叶片放入有少量红墨水、浓度为30%的蔗糖溶液中，在显微镜下观察，你会看到细胞的状态如图所示，此时部位①①的颜色分别是（）A.①无色①绿色B.①红色①绿色C.①红色①无色D.①红色①红色3. “结构和功能相适应”是生物学的基本观点之一。

下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.叶绿体中基粒类囊体结构可扩大生物膜面积，有利于提高光反应的速率B.细胞内的生物膜把各种细胞器分隔开，有利于细胞生命活动的高效进行C.根尖成熟区的细胞具有中央大液泡，有利于根吸收水分D.有氧呼吸酶全部分布于线粒体中，有利于提高有氧呼吸的速率4. 基因型为BBBbDDdd的某生物，其体细胞的染色体组成为（）A. B.C. D.5. 下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，正确的是A．母亲患糖元沉积病①型，则其儿子必患该病B．通过染色体组型分析可确定胎儿是否患乙型血友病C．外耳道多毛症患者产生的精子可能不含该致病基因D．蚕豆病患者的苯丙氨酸羟化酶有缺陷，患者进食蚕豆会发病6. 有一种“生物活性绷带”的原理是先采集一些细胞标本，让其在特殊膜片上增殖，5~7天后，将膜片敷到患者伤口上，膜片会将细胞逐渐“释放”到伤口处，并促进新生皮肤层生长，达到愈合伤口的目的。

下列有关叙述中，错误的是（）A.若采用异体皮肤移植会导致排异反应，主要是因为细胞免疫过程对移植皮肤细胞有杀伤作用B.人皮肤烧伤后易引起感染，主要是由于第二道防线机能受损C.种植在膜片上的细胞样本最好来自本人D.膜片“释放”的细胞能与患者自身皮肤愈合，可以体现细胞膜信息交流的功能7. 正常人血浆的pH值为7.35～7.45,血浆的pH值之所以能够保持相对稳定,主要与下列哪个选项的物质有关( )A. 水B. 氨基酸C. 葡萄糖D. HCO3-、HPO42-8. 油菜是雌雄同株植物，可异花传粉。

2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物上学期期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图所示的细胞可能是（）A. 酵母细胞B. 原核细胞C. 动物细胞D. 植物细胞2. 下列有关叶绿体结构和功能的叙述，正确的是（）A.研究植物叶绿体中所含色素的种类可用同位素标记法B.叶绿体的类囊体膜上的磷脂分子可吸收、传递和转换光能C.叶绿体的类囊体膜上能发生NADP+转换为NADPH的过程D.叶绿体内CO2中C元素的转移途径是CO2→C5→（CH2O）3. 现有一瓶掺有酵母菌的葡萄糖溶液，吸进氧气与放出C02的体积之比为3:5，这是因为( )A. 有1／4的酵母菌在进行有氧呼吸B. 有1／2的酵母菌在进行有氧呼吸C. 有1／3的酵母菌在进行有氧呼吸D. 有1／3的酵母菌在进行无氧呼吸4. 若“M→N”表示由条件M必会推得N，则下列选项符合这种关系的有A.M表示遵循基因的分离定律，N表示遵循基因的自由组合定律B.M表示生物发生了进化，N表示种群基因频率的定向改变C.M表示基因突变，N表示性状改变D.M表示伴X染色体隐性遗传病的母亲患病，N表示女儿一定患病5. 如图为某二倍体植物单倍体育种过程,下列叙述正确的是A.①中发生了染色体数目变异B.①一般采用花药离体培养的方法C.①中秋水仙素抑制着丝粒分裂D.①中选到的植株中1/4为纯合体6. 下列有关根尖分生区细胞的叙述，正确的是（）A.根尖分生区细胞呈正方形，排列疏松B.中心体在细胞分裂前期会移向细胞两极C.分裂过程中会发生染色体变异和基因重组D.能产生A TP的结构有细胞质基质和线粒体7. 需要载体协助通过膜的一组物质是（）A.O2B.H2OC. 葡萄糖D. 胆固醇8. 下列实验操作中，会达到预期实验目的的是（）A.用健那绿和吡罗红混合染色剂染色，可观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布B.将酶与底物在室温下混合，再做不同保温处理，可探究温度对酶活性的影响C.用新配制的NaOH与CuSO4混合液，水浴加热可检测待测样液中是否含有还原性糖D.用盐酸与酒精的混合液解离洋葱根尖，即可观察到有丝分裂不同时期的细胞9. “假说演绎法”是现代科学研究中常用的一种科学方法，下列属于孟德尔在发现基因分离定律时的“演绎推理”过程的是（）A. 生物的性状是由遗传因子决定的，生物体细胞中遗传因子成对存在B. 若F1产生配子时成对遗传因子分离，则测交后代会出现两种性状比例接近1：1C. 由F2出现了3：1推测生物体产生配子时，成对遗传因子彼此分离D. 若F1产生配子时成对遗传因子分离，则F2中三种基因型个体比例接近1：2：110. 2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给了日本科学家大隅良典，以表彰他在细胞自噬机制研究中取得的成就。

2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 膜蛋白在生物体生命活动中起着非常重要的作用，膜蛋白的功能是多方面的，如细胞的增殖和分化、能量转换、信号转导及物质运输等。

据估计有大约60%的药物作用靶点是膜蛋白。

下列有关分析错误的是（）A.有些膜蛋白的数量可决定物质跨膜运输的速率B.有些膜蛋白是激素或其他化学物质的专一受体C.膜蛋白一般不能催化专一的化学反应D.很多膜蛋白在磷脂双分子层中能够移动2. 我国许多古诗词中蕴含着生态学知识。

下列有关解读中错误的是（）A.“远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城”体现了群落的次生演替B.“种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀”反映了生物之间的竞争关系C.“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”该过程体现了生态系统的物质循环D.“螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之”体现了生物之间存在互利共生关系3. 下列有关酶的实验设计思路正确的是（）A. 可利用过氧化氢和过氧化氢酶反应探究pH对酶活性的影响B. 利用淀粉、蔗糖、淀粉酶和碘液验证酶的专一性C. 在验证温度对淀粉酶活性的影响实验中，应选斐林试剂检测还原糖的生成D. 利用胃蛋白酶、蛋清和pH分别为3、7、11缓冲液验证pH对酶活性的影响4. 如图是辛格和尼科尔森在1972年提出的关于生物膜分子结构的流动镶嵌模型，下列叙述不正确的是（）A. 与细胞识别有关的结构是a，细胞间的识别实际上是一个信息传递过程，植物细胞间可通过胞间连丝进行信息传递B.c分子的特点是有亲水的脂肪酸尾部和疏水的磷酸头部C.a侧为细胞膜的外侧D. 构成生物膜的b、d大多是可以运动的5. 如图为神经元结构模式图，电流计A1和A2的两极a、c、d、e分别接在神经纤维外膜上，在b、f两点给予适宜强度的刺激（ab=bc），则电流计的偏转情况为（）A. 在b点与f点刺激时，A1、A2各偏转两次，且方向相反B. 刺激b点时，A1偏转两次，A2偏转一次；刺激f点时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次C. 刺激b点时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次；刺激f点时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次D. 刺激b点时，A1不偏转，A2偏转两次；刺激f点时，A1不偏转，A2偏转一次6. 在5ml的培养液中放入5个大草履虫，在第5天之后，大草履虫的数量基本维持在375个左右。

2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThough online ordering is popular in the UK today，hands­on experience still attracts many buyers' attention.Oxford StreetLondon is a shoppers' paradise，and most visitors head for Oxford Street.Halfway along is Selfridges，one of the world's first department stores where the architecture and window dressing impress you even before you go in.There are at least four other major stores on this street，plus Europe's largest music shop.In December the atmosphere is especially festive because of the Christmaslights which are always lighted by a politician，a great sportsman，or a super star.Kensington High StreetA fashionable area for shopping is Kensington High Street.One of its department stores even has a roof garden—good for relaxing between purchases.There's also an organic food superstore.Borough MarketYou can't visit London without going to a supermarketOne of the oldest and best for food is probably Borough Market on the south bank of the Thames.Get off the underground at London Bridge and wander among fresh fish stalls，bakeries，and fruit and vegetable sellers.You can also buy specialities to take away，like cheeses，pork pies，mustard and chutney.More places for bargainsPortobello Road Market on a Saturday is your best choice for jewelry or collector's items.It's a shortwalk from the underground station at Notting Hill Gate and you never know what you will find.For clothes，Camden Market is the place.It gets a little crowded at the weekends，though.Convent Garden Market offers great experience for the simple pleasure of looking at jewelry and gifts.1.Oxford Street becomes special in December for ________.A.the wonderful window dressingB.the Europe's largest music shopC.the lights lighted by a famous personD.many bargains to choose from2.To enjoy food，you can goto ________.A.Camden MarketB.Borough MarketC.Kensington High StreetD.Portobello Road Market3.Where is this passage probably taken from?AA science book. B.A traveler's journal.C.A news report.D.A trip guide.BPlastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world. Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it. And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests. One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while the second bee gathers sticky substances from trees. Leafcutter bees don't build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes, tree holes or cracks（裂缝）in buildings. But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells（育雏巢室）contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.While they don't make honey,alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for theU. S. and Canadian farmers by pollinating（给......传授花粉）crops including alfalfa , carrots and melons. The European insects were introduced to North America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they've since become wild, joining the continent's many native species of leafcutter bees.In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic, which consisted of three separate cells. It's the first known example of such construction worldwide. Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees' survival. One of the cells had a dead baby bee , another seemed to have housed an adult that had left the nest, and the third was unfinished.4. What does the animals' use of plastic show according to the study?A. How widely plastic is used.B. How strange the behavior of wildlife is.C. How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.D. How plastic pollution has harmed them.5. What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?A. Food.B. Shelter.C A plastic substitute. D. Traditional nest materials.6. Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?A. They have great economic value.B. They store honey like honeybees.C. They prefer to live in tree holes.D. They have evolved into a new species.7. What was the nest made entirely of plastic like?A. It might be warmer.B. It might be unhealthy.C. It might be easy to finish.D. It might be recyclable.CIf you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog has a much shorter life span — about 12 to 15 years long — than humans, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech is planning to introduce their business toUKdog owners, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg.Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around £63,000 (614,000 yuan). But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cells in a laboratory and access them at a later date. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exact same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech,toldThe Guardian. However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one.Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood atNewcastle University,UK, toldThe Telegraph.Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”8. According to the article, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation is ______.A. working on plans to help dog owners enjoy their pets longerB. offering a way to help dogs give birth to more puppiesC. providing a service that will make copies of pet dogsD. introducing a completely new technique to clone dogs9. Which of the following statements about dog cloning is TRUE according to the article?A. Dog cloning technology hadn’t been put into practice until recently.B. Dog cloning is very expensive and usually takes several months to complete.C. Dog cloning is very popular among US andUKpet owners.D. Cloned dogs might develop different habits and characteristics even though they look very similar.10. Which of the following shows the correct order of the dog cloning process?a. an egg is taken from another dogb. a skin cell is taken from the pet dog and saved in a laboratoryc. the egg is placed in the womb of a female dogd. the DNA of the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin celle. the egg grows into a puppy in two monthsA. acbde.B. adbce.C. bacde.D. badce.11. We can learn from the article thatKirkwood______ dog cloning.A. disapproves ofB. supportsC. is afraid ofD. is curious aboutDShanghairesidents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district in Octobermight have astonished at an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety andrelocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, imitating the human step. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward.TheLagenaPrimary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, faced a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”.Over the course of 18 days, the building was rotated 21degrees and moved 62 meters away to its new location. The old school building is set to become a center for heritage protection and cultural protection. The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used inShanghaito relocate a historical building.In recent years,China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildingsrazedto clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage loss as a result of destruction across the country.Shanghaihas beenChina’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “Shikumen” houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to beShanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.12. How did the primary school get moved?A. By reducing the weight of it.B. By using movable supports.C. By dividing it into several parts.D. By using robotic legs.13. What does the underlined word “razed” probably mean in Paragraph 5?A. Replaced.B. Burnt.C. Protected.D. Destroyed.14. What can we infer about the heritage preservation inChina?A. The use of advanced technology leads to growing concern.B. Shanghai is the pioneer in preserving architectural heritage.C.A number of old buildings have been given new life.D. Many historic buildings will be relocated.15. What is the passage mainly about?A. New preservation campaigns are launched inChina.B. New technology gives new life to historic buildings.C. A building inShanghai“walks” to a new location.D. “Walking machine” makes heritage protection simpler.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海复旦实验中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI once taught in a small private school. Each morning at nine o’clock all the students, ranging in age from three to seven years old, gathered in the Great Room for a warm-up in preparation for the day.One morning the headmistress made an announcement to all the children gathered,“Today we begin a great experiment of the mind.” She held up two ivy(常春藤) plants, each potted in an identical container. She continued, “Do they look the same?”All the children nodded. So did I, for, in this way, I was alsoa child.“We will give the plants the same amount of light, the same amount of water, but not the same amount of attention,” She said. “Together we are going to see what will happen when we put one plant in the kitchen away from our attention and the other plant right here in this room. Each day for the next month, we shall sing to our plant in the Great Room and tell it how much we love it, and how beautiful it is. We will use our good minds to think good thoughts about it.”Four weeks later my eyes were as wide and disbelieving as the children’s. The kitchen plant was leggy and sick-looking, and it hadn’t grown at all. But the Great Room plant, which had been sung to and surrounded by positive thoughts and words, had increased threefold in size with dark leaves that were filled with energy.In order to prove the experiment, the kitchen ivy was brought to the Great Room to join the other ivy. Within three weeks, the second plant had caught up with the first ivy. Within four weeks, they could not be distinguished, one from the other.I took this lesson to heart and made it my own.1. Why did the headmistress do the experiment?A. She wanted to teach me a lesson.B. She expected the students to learn to grow plants.C. She meant to prove the impact of good minds on growth.D. She intended to show students how to save a sick-looking plant.2. What happened to the ivy in the kitchen at last?A. It stopped growing and died.B. It was leggy and sick with dark leaves.C. It looked almost the same as the other one.D. It grew better than the one in the Great Room.3. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Life Means GrowthB. Things Grow with LoveC. Equality Makes a DifferenceD. Positive Thoughts Really CountBI got my first bike when I was nine years old. Jimmy, the bike, was my first love. I rode it everywhere. The suburb, the back lanes, the fields and forests, the river paths and swampland were far more exciting than any adventure novel or television series.There’s nothing quite like the relationship between a child and his bicycle and the endless happiness two wheels and a pair of strong legs offer. No video or computer game can replace the liberation of being alone on a bicycle.As parents, to deny children the simple pleasure of riding a bike is a failure of our responsibilities to raise independent and stable young citizens. We should offer our children a healthy alternative to hours in front of an addictive screen. Studies have shown that cycling promotes not only muscle growth but brain growth. Guess which country has children with the best mental health outcomes and is regularly the top of listings of the happiest young people. No surprise it’s theNetherlands, the unquestioned leader among industrial countries in encouraging bicycle use.Our dependence on cars has degraded the public transport system, polluted our sky, led to the untimely death of thousands every year, and denied children safe access to their suburbs. A recent study found that 69% of children were accompanied to school. The same study found that a similar number of parents drove to work.In some regions ofJapan, when children start their first year of school, parents are expected to walk with them for the first few weeks, introducing them to residents and shopkeepers along the chosen route, letting the community take care of these children. However, driving children to school isproscribed. Children can choose to ride a bike or walk to school after they are familiar with the community, and it’s the community’s role to keep them safe.Therefore, I strongly advise the government to provide better infrastructure (基础设施). Build separatedcycle lanes, decrease speed limits, and design street scapes that favour people over cars. The results will be less pollution, quieter suburbs, a healthier population and, best of all, happy and independent children.4. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He was addicted to computer games.B. He liked taking adventurous trips in nature.C. He had great fun exploring the outside by cycling.D.He got his first birthday present at the age of nine.5. Why does the author mention theNetherlandsin Paragraph 3?A. To introduce his good way of raising independent children.B. To illustrate the great influence riding has on mental health.C. To stress the importance of being physically and mentally healthy.D. To explain cycling does best in city development in theNetherlands.6. What does the underlined word “proscribed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Recommended.B. Protected.C. Delayed.D. Forbidden.7. How does the author mainly support his idea?A. By analyzing causes.B. By listing examples.C.By giving definitions.D. By analyzing scientific data.CHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’tconcentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.8. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.9. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.10. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.11. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh ChildrenDBeing a teacher is a rewarding career when it comes to changing lives, but it’s obviously one that comes with plenty of stresses and difficulties too.Seeking help for a child who is so obviously in need isn’t easy. Often, you feel ignored by the government. You feel upset that there isn’t anything you could personally do to help a needy and sensitive member of your class.That’s exactly how Chelsea Haley, aged 24 at the time, felt when she met fourth-grade student Jerome Robinson while working for Teach forAmericainLouisianafor the first time.The pair didn’t get off to the best start, with Jerome, the “problem child”, almost drivingChelseafrom teaching. But whenChelseaput her foot down and became determined to work more closely with Jerome, she learned the cause of his rude behavior: a bad home situation.Chelseawas eager to help Jerome, and realized that he needed more than just academic support.By 2016, a year after meeting him, Chelsea had adopted (收养) Jerome and his brother Jace.Adopting a child doesn’t come cheap, andChelseaspent all the money in her bank to see the process through.In her first few years of raising the boys, she lived on credit cards and postponed her student loan.AsChelsealived with her two adopted sons, she worked hard to repay her debts. She took on extra tutoring jobs outside of school hours, moved in with her parents, and even delivered groceries for cash. Along the way, she was learning how to be the best mom to Jerome and Jace, cooking for them and cheering them on at football matches.And now, just five years later,Chelseacan proudly say that she has paid off nearly $50, 000 of debt. Now that she’s finally out of debt,Chelseahas plans to buy a house and save up for the boys’ college education.“It allows me to focus on the boys’ future,” she said. “Saving money for them, and not spending it on my past.”12. What do we know from paragraph 4?A. Jerome’s family was less fortunate.B. The brothers were in the same class.C. When helping Jerome,Chelseafelt hopeless.D.Chelseagot along well with Jerome from the very start.13. What didChelseado to pay off her debts?A. Borrow money from her parents.B. Do part-time jobs.C. Train students to play football.D. Cook for customers.14. How old wasChelseawhen she paid off nearly all of her debts?A. 24.B. 28.C. 29.D. 30.15. Which of the following can best describeChelsea?A. Lucky and lovely.B. Sensitive and ambitious.C. Selfless and determined.D. Warmhearted and strict.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 图是细胞核结构的模式图，下列关于细胞核的叙述，错误的是（）A. ①主要由蛋白质和DNA组成B. ①与核糖体的形成密切相关C. ①可与内质网膜直接相连D. ①允许核质间的物质自由通过2. 下列有关受精作用的叙述，错误的是（）A.受精卵中全部的遗传物质，一半来自父方，一半来自母方B.受精时，精子和卵细胞的细胞膜会融合在一起C.受精卵中的染色体一半来自父方，一半来自母方D.受精卵中的染色体数目与本物种体细胞的染色体数目相同3. 研究不同浓度草甘膦胁迫对蟾蜍离体坐骨神经动作电位（已兴奋神经纤维的电位总和）峰值的影响，实验期间未处理的坐骨神经能维持正常生理活性。

在适宜的刺激下测得实验结果如图所示。

下列叙述正确的是（）A.坐骨神经动作电位峰值的大小取决于神经纤维膜内外K+浓度差B.授以经不同处理的坐骨神经适宜的刺激，产生的动作电位峰值各不相同C.草甘膦可能使神经纤维膜上Na+内流受抑制而降低坐骨神经动作电位峰值D.若授以未经处理坐骨神经不同强度的刺激，产生的动作电位峰值各不相同4. 如图为渗透现象示意图，实验开始时，烧杯液面与漏斗液面相同（均为a），下列选项中正确的是（）A.当漏斗液面不再升高时说明蔗糖分子透过半透膜达到渗透平衡B.农作物施肥过多造成的“烧苗”现象与图示现象都是通过渗透作用实现的C.漏斗液面上升过程中水分子只能由烧杯透过半透膜进入漏斗而不能由漏斗渗出D.若用纱布替代半透膜重复此实验，则实验结束时漏斗最终液面高度在a与b中间5. 下列操作中，不可能导致淀粉酶活性发生变化的是A.淀粉酶溶液中加入强酸B.淀粉酶溶液中加入蛋白酶C.淀粉酶溶液中加入淀粉溶液D.淀粉酶经高温烘干制成粉剂6. “上善若水，水善利万物而不争”。

下列有关生物体内的水的说法，错误的是（）A.幼儿和成年人体内水的含量均多于其他化合物B.正在发芽的玉米种子中自由水比例多于结合水C.结合水比例越大，细胞抵御不良环境能力越强D.氢键的稳定性使常温下水呈液体状态，能流动7. 将具有一对相对性状的纯种豌豆个体间行种植；另将具有一对相对性状的纯种玉米个体间行种植。