1 - 华东理工大学2019-2020学年期中测试卷

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三语文上学期期中试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

材料一：4月8日，国家发展改革委对外发布《2019年新型城镇化建设重点任务》（以下简称《重点任务》）。

该文件明确，继续加大户籍制度改革力度，在此前城区常住人口100万以下的中小城市和小城镇已陆续取消落户限制的基础上，城区常住人口100万—300万的Ⅱ型大城市要全面取消落户限制；城区常住人口300万—500万的Ⅱ型大城市要全面放开放宽落户条件，并全面取消重点群体落户限制。

根据这份文件，超大特大城市要调整完善积分落户政策，大幅增加落户规模、精简积分项目，确保社保缴纳年限和居住年限分数占主要比例。

城市政府要探索采取差别化精准化落户政策，积极推进建档立卡农村贫困人口落户。

允许租赁房屋的常住人口在城市公共户口落户。

2019年是全面建成小康社会关键之年，在这一重要节点上，进一步放开放宽落户限制，体现了全新发展阶段的必然要求。

加快消除城乡区域间户籍壁垒，统筹推进本地人口和外来人口市民化，可以促进人口有序流动、合理分布和社会融合。

中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，此时不断放开放宽落户限制、优化城镇化布局形态，能够让城市充分发挥对高质量发展的引领作用。

《重点任务》指出，要深化落实支持农业转移人口市民化的财政政策，在安排中央和省级财政转移支付时更多考虑农业转移人口落户数量，2019年继续安排中央财政奖励资金支持落户较多地区；全面落实城镇建设用地增加规模与吸纳农业转移人口落户数量挂钩政策。

（摘编自《大城市放开落户限制，影响几何》）材料二：都市圈是城市化发展到高级阶段的产物，纵观世界发达国家，都市圈承载着一国的经济、文化、信息、科技、知识、人才等核心力量。

都市圈首先需要经济、文化、科技等高度发达的核心城市，其次需要圈内基础设施、社会管理、公共服务等全面一体化，从而使得不同区域发挥各自比较优势。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物期中考试试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 真核生物基因的遗传信息从DNA转移到RNA上之后，需要剪接体进行有效遗传信息的“剪断”与重新“拼接”，这种有效遗传信息的拼接与无效遗传信息的去除，被称为RNA剪接。

下图是S基因的表达过程，下列有关分析正确的是（）A.过程①需要的原料是脱氧核苷酸，需要RNA聚合酶的参与B.剪接体作用于过程①，其作用是催化磷酸二酯键的断裂C.过程①中一个核糖体可结合多条mRNA链以提高蛋白质的合成速率D.过程①分解异常mRNA以阻止异常蛋白的合成，需要RNA酶的参与2. 下图是健康志愿者在运动前(a)、运动刚停止时(b)以及运动结束3小时后(c)，血液内“减肥激素”的含量，该激素由脂肪细胞产生，能促进脂肪分解产生热量。

下列推测不合理的是（）A. 脂肪细胞是减肥激素的分泌细胞而非靶细胞B. 图示说明运动能促进减肥激素的合成与分泌C. 减肥激素减少可能是发挥完作用后灭活导致的D. 寒冷环境中脂肪细胞分泌的减肥激素可能会增多3. 基因型为AabbDd的个体自交后，其后代表现型的比例接近于（）A.9①3①3①1B.3①3①1①1C.1①2①1D.3①14. 下列关于人体细胞生命历程的叙述，错误的是（）A.经分化形成的细胞中，基因、mRNA、蛋白质均不相同B.胚胎时期，人尾部细胞的凋亡是基因选择性表达的结果C.某些病毒可将其基因整合到人基因组中诱发细胞癌变D.正常的细胞衰老有利于人体更好地实现自我更新5. 下列显微镜操作的方法中，正确的一组是（）①对光时，阳光照在反光镜上，视野越亮越好①在进行低倍物镜与高倍物镜的转换时，扳动物镜转动较省力①使用完毕之后，要拭去载物台上的水和脏物①装箱之前，显微镜不用复位①取、放显微镜时，要左手托镜座，右手握镜臂，并且要轻拿轻放A.①①①B.①①①C.①①D.①①①6. 下列可用于检测蛋白质的试剂及反应呈现的颜色是A. 苏丹①染液；橘黄色B. 斐林试剂；砖红色C. 碘液；蓝色D. 双缩脲试剂；紫色7. 下列关于酶实验的叙述，正确的是（）A.过氧化氢在高温和酶的催化下分解都加快，其原理都是降低了反应所需要的活化能B.在探究温度对酶活性的影响时，选择淀粉和淀粉酶作为实验材料，或者选择过氧化氢和过氧化氢酶作为实验材料，检测效果均可C.若反应物选择淀粉和蔗糖，用淀粉酶来验证酶的专一性，则检测试剂宜选用斐林试剂，不宜选用碘液D.若除酶外所有试剂均已预保温，则在测定酶活力的实验中，操作合理的顺序应为加入反应物→加入酶→计时→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量8. 血管紧张素①受体是一种膜蛋白。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheBest Placeto Camp in Each StateWashington-SecondBeach, Olympic National ParkCampers put up their tents right on the sand of thisPacific Northwestbeach. Make a campfire, photograph sunset over the sea and try to absorb this charming spot with your entire being.Alaska-Bartlett Cove Campground, Glacier (冰川) Bay National ParkIn a state full of natural riches,Glacier Bayis a wonder, home to high peaks, whales, 700 miles of coastline, and light blue glaciers that flow directly into the sea. Set within temperate rainforest along Bartlett Cove, the park's only campground is impressively green and an easy jumping-off point for boat tours.Arizona-Havasupai Campground, Havasupai ReservationGetting to Havasupai is a challenge. Permits are snatched (剥夺) up almost instantly, and even if you get one it's a 10-mile hike from the border to reach this rural campground that hugs Havasu Creek. Make the journey, however, and you're rewarded with a series of great waterfalls and natural pools.Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiverAmerica's first national river travels 135 miles through the Ozark Mountains, winding its way over rapids, forming peaceful pools and passing rocky cliffs topped by green forest. Plan a float trip and absorb the scenery ata leisurely pace, pausing for hikes to visitLostValley's caves or the 200-foot waterfalls.1.Which state may attract people preferring glaciers?A.Alaska.B.Washington.C.Arizona.D.Arkansas.2.What makesArizonaa popular camp choice among tourists?A.The blue glaciers and green rainforests.B.The winding national river and cliffs.C.The soaring peaks and long coastline.D.The beautiful waterfalls and pools.3.What can you do when camping inArkansas?A.Take a long trip on foot.B.Visit caves and waterfalls.C.Put up a well-equipped tent.D.Enjoy a view of sunset.BNowadays organic food hasbecome a fashion. Organic food sales reached a record of $ 45.2 billion in 2017, making it one of the fastest-growing parts of American agriculture. Some people may buy organic food for these reasons like resource cycling and biodiversity, but most people may choose organic food because they think it's healthier. While a small number of studies have shown relationships between eating organic food and reducing risks of being ill, no studies, up to now, have answered the question whether eating organic food can improve health.According to the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA), organic food does not suggest anything about health. In 20155 Miles McEvoy, then chief of the National Organic Program for the USDA, refused to admit any health benefits of organic food, saying the question has nothing to do with the National Organic Program. Instead, the USDA thinks that organic refers to a production method that increases cycling of resources keeps ecological balance, and protects biodiversity.I'm an environmental health scientist who has spent over 20 years studying pesticides that do harm to human beings. Several years ago, I was part of the study on whether an organic diet can reduce pesticide exposure. This study focused on a group of pesticides which have always been harmful to children's brain development. We found that children who ate traditional diets had nine times higher exposure to these pesticides than children who ate organic diets.Last month, I published a small study that suggested a path forward to answering the question whether eating organic food actually improves health. My study got a lot of attention. While the results were novel, they didn't answer the big question. As I toldThe New York Timesin 2003, “What does this really mean for the safety of my kids? But we don't know. Nobody does. It was true then, and it's still true now.”4. Why do most people prefer to buy organic food?A. For its health benefits.B. For biodiversity.C. For its delicious taste.D. For resource cycling.5. What does the USDA suggest about organic food?A. It can improve people's health.B. It is produced in an environment-friendly way.C. It can reduce risks of being ill.D. It has nothing to do with the National Organic Program.6. What can be concluded from the author's study?A. Pesticides don't harm children's brain.B. Traditional diets benefit people's health.C. Organic diets can reduce pesticide exposure.D. The results are meaningful to children's safety.7. What is the best title for the text?A.What Is Organic Food?B. Is Organic Food Healthier?C. How Should We Avoid Pesticides?D. What Are the Benefits of Organic Food?CTwenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.Angel is ten now and works every week. She visits two hospitals providing day care for the elderly, and our library’s PAWS forReadingprogram. At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog. After they finish, they get a card with the dog’s picture and history. Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp. She is so popular that everywhere we go people recognize her, especially the kids she has worked with.We have seen some very special things through our pet therapy work. I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke(中风). One day, my husband, Jack, got Angel up into a chair next to the woman’s bed, asking her if she wanted to give Angel a treat. She nodded. Angel gently took the treat. Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.After that, every time we saw the woman, she lifted her left hand. We’d tell her she had to use her right hand, and she would. Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.8. Who is Angel?A. A pet trainer.B. A hospitalC. A therapy dog.D. The author’s kid.9. What does Angel usually do?A. Save seriously ill people.B. Pay visits to kids in hospital.C. Protect the elderly in their homes.D. Help children at a special camp.10. Why was the woman’s friend astonished?A The woman moved her right hand.B. The woman treated Angel.C. Angel helped the woman recover.D. Angel got along with the woman.11. What does the underlined word “rearing” in the last paragraph mean?A. Accompanying.B. Raising.C. Assisting.D. Training.DMost teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purposes in life. However, not Gitanjali Rao. The 15-year-old girl has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is, therefore, not surprising that the teenager has won the honor of “America's Top Young Scientist”.In the third grade, Rao was inspired to build a device after witnessing the shocking story unfold in Flint, Michigan, where cost-cutting measures led to the use of a polluted river as the city's primary water supply and incredibly high levels of lead made their way into people's drinking water.After two months' research, Rao designed a small and portable device that used sensors to instantly detect lead in water. Called Tethys, after the Greek Goddess(女神) of freshwater, it attaches to a cellphone and informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead. The design earned her the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017. She is currently working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys' potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use by 2022.Later, Rao took on another social issue-drug addiction. Her app, called Epione, which won the Health Pillar Prize at the TCS Ignite Innovation Student Challenge in May 2019, is designed to catch drug addiction in young adults before it's too late.More recently, the teenager has developed an app named Kindly, which usesartificial intelligence technology to detect possible signs of cyberbullying(网上欺凌). When users type in a word or phrase, Kindly is able to pick it up if it's bullying, and then it gives the option to edit it or send it the way it is. It gives them the chance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.All kinds of awesome, Gitanjali Rao has been selected from 5,000 equally impressive nominees(被提名人) for TIME Magazine's first-ever “Kid of the Year”.12. What gave Rao the idea of inventing the device Tethys?A. The incident of lead pollution.B. The issue with drug addiction.C. The shortage of water supplies.D. The high cost of purifying water.13. What is Rao expecting of Tethys?A. It'll remove metal from water.B. It'll make it to market soon.C. It'll win her a higher prize.D. It'll be fitted to cellphones.14. What will Kindly allow users to do?A. Receive pre-warning signals of threat.B. Input words into a computer automatically.C. Choose from secure social networking sites.D. Weigh their words before posting them online.15. Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao as a young scientist?A. Ambitious and humble.B. Optimistic and adventurous.C. Talkative and outstanding.D. Creative and productive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物下学期期中试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 研究小组探究了萘乙酸(NAA)对某果树扦插枝条生根的影响，结果如下图。

下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.自变量是NAA的浓度，因变量是平均生根数B.不同浓度的NAA处理插条，生根率不同C.小于300mg/L的NAA处理插条，不利于生产D.400 mg/L的NAA具有增加生根数的效应2. 下图为基因型为AaBb的个体在进行有性生殖时的过程，下列有关说法正确的是A. 基因的分离定律发生在①过程，基因的自由组合定律发生在①过程B. 雌雄配子结合方式有9种，子代基因型有9种C.F1中不同于亲本的类型占7/16D. F1个体产生各种性状是细胞中各基因随机自由组合选择性表达造成的3. 玉米花药培养得到的单倍体幼苗，经秋水仙素处理后形成二倍体植株，下图是该过程某时段细胞核DNA 含量变化示意图。

下列叙述错误的是A．a～b过程中细胞不可能发生基因重组B．c～d过程中细胞内发生了染色体数加倍C．e～f过程中细胞内始终2个染色体组D．g～h过程中有胞质分裂4. 细胞膜上与细胞识别、免疫反应、信息传递和血型决定有密切关系的化学物质是A. 糖蛋白B. 磷脂C. 脂肪D. 核酸5. 下列有关细胞的结构和功能的叙述，错误的是（）A.酵母菌细胞增殖所需的能量主要来自线粒体B.大肠杆菌细胞中的核糖体部分附着在内质网上C.细胞膜的选择透过性有利于细胞保持相对稳定的内部环境D.洋葱根尖分生区细胞的遗传物质分布在细胞核和线粒体中6. 下图甲～戊为植物细胞有丝分裂不同时期显微照片图，相关叙述正确的是()A.从图甲所示状态到图乙所示状态所经历的时间为一个细胞周期B.图丙中的染色单体数和染色体DNA含量均与图戊相同C.图丁中的染色体比图戊更为分散，更便于观察D.高倍镜下可观察到从甲依次进入丙、戊、丁、乙的连续动态变化过程7. 某同学在做“绿叶中色素的提取和分离”实验时，为了确定无水乙醇、CaCO3和SiO2的作用，进行了4组实验来验证，4组实验结果如图所示，第①组是进行了正确操作的对照组。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物期中试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图甲为某动物(2N=8)体内的一个细胞正常分裂时相关物质或结构数量变化曲线的一部分，图乙为该动物的一个细胞分裂图像，据图分析下列有关叙述正确的是A. 若图甲表示有丝分裂染色体数目的变化，图甲中的Ⅰ段所示数值可表示图乙细胞中染色体数目B. 若图甲表示有丝分裂染色体组数目的变化，图甲中的Ⅰ段所示数值可表示图乙细胞中染色体组数目C. 若图甲表示减数分裂每条染色体上DNA分子数目的变化，图甲中的Ⅰ段所示数值可表示图乙细胞中每条染色体上DNA分子数目D. 若图甲表示减数分裂核DNA分子数目的变化，图乙细胞所处分裂时期一定位于图甲中的Ⅰ段2. 将基因型为Bb和bb的豌豆种子混种在一起（两者数量之比是2：1），若两种类型的豌豆繁殖率相同，则在自然状态下，子一代中基因型为BB、Bb、bb的个体数量之比为A．1:2:3 B．1:2:1 C．1:4:4 D．6:2:13. 如下图所示，a、b、c为对胚芽鞘做不同处理的实验，d为一植株被纸盒罩住，纸盒的一侧开口，有单侧光照。

下列对实验结果的描述，正确的是（）A.a、b向光弯曲生长，c背光弯曲生长B.a直立生长，b、c向光弯曲生长C.图d中如果固定植株，旋转纸盒，一段时间后，植株向左弯曲生长D.图d中如果将纸盒和植株一起旋转，则植株向纸盒开口方向弯曲生长4. 《真核细胞的起源》一书中提出蓝藻被真核细胞吞噬后经过共生能变成叶绿体，好氧细菌被真菌吞噬后经过共生能变成线粒体，下列选项中不符合这个假说的是（）A.线粒体和叶绿体都具有DNAB.线粒体和叶绿体都具有和原核生物相同的核糖体结构C.叶绿体和线粒体都具有双层膜，其内膜成分比例与细菌、蓝藻相似D.利用差速离心法获得线粒体、叶绿体可以在培养细菌的培养基独立生存5. 使用高倍显微镜的观察顺序是Ⅰ转动细准焦螺旋，直到调清物像为止Ⅰ转动转换器，使高倍镜对准通光孔Ⅰ在低倍镜下看清物像，再把目标移到视野中央A.ⅠⅠⅠB.ⅠⅠⅠC.ⅠⅠⅠD.ⅠⅠⅠ6. 下列有关“一定”的说法中，正确的有几项Ⅰ没有细胞结构的生物一定是原核生物Ⅰ细胞生物的遗传物质一定是DNAⅠ非生物界有的元素，生物界一定有Ⅰ物质的跨膜运输一定需要酶的参与Ⅰ有氧呼吸一定主要在线粒体中进行Ⅰ光合作用一定在叶绿体中进行Ⅰ蛋白质的肽链在核糖体合成后，一定要经内质网和高尔基体加工后才具备其功能A.3项B.2项C.1项D.0项7. 下列有关神经中枢的说法不正确的是（）A.运动性失语症是言语区的S区受损B.控制生物节律的神经中枢位于小脑C.控制排尿反射的高级中枢位于大脑D.跑步时，下丘脑和脑干也会参与调节8. 下列与人体生命活动调节有关的叙述，错误的是（）A.皮下注射胰岛素可起到降低血糖的作用B.大脑皮层受损的患者，膝跳反射不能完成C.婴幼儿缺乏甲状腺激素可影响其神经系统的发育和功能D.胰腺受反射弧传出神经的支配，其分泌胰液也受促胰液素调节9. 下列关于细胞中元素和化合物的叙述，正确的是A. 含有氨基酸数目、种类和排列顺序相同的蛋白质一定具有相同的功能B. 酶、激素和神经递质都是由细胞产生，在完成作用后都被清除或降解C. 成熟植物细胞发生质壁分离和复原与细胞膜上的磷脂分子的运动有关D. 胰髙血糖素能促进动物细胞中肌糖原分解为葡萄糖使血糖水平升髙10. 关于人体细胞以葡萄糖为底物进行的细胞呼吸过程的叙述，错误的是（）A. 细胞有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸都可产生[H]B. 细胞呼吸作用释放的能量只有一部分储存在A TP中C. 机体在剧烈运动时可通直接分解糖元释放部分能量D. 若细胞呼吸消耗的O2量等于生成的CO2量，则细胞只进行有氧呼吸11. 保证植物正常生活所必须的微量元素是( )A.K、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、BB.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B、MoC.Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、MoD.Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo12. 下列有关实验“观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布”的说法，正确的是A. 在实验中，用质量分数为8%的盐酸处理的口腔上皮细胞仍是活细胞，只是其膜的通透性增强B. 在实验材料选取时，人的口腔上皮细胞、洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞都可行C. 在实验中，需将两滴吡罗红和甲基绿染液先后滴在载玻片上D. 冲洗涂片时，要用蒸馏水迅速冲洗载玻片10s13. 下列能够聚合形成DNA分子的物质是（）A. 脱氧核糖B. 脱氧核苷酸C. 氨基酸D. 含氮碱基14. 下列关于生态系统稳定性的叙述正确的是（）A.外来物种的入侵不会破坏生态系统的稳定性B.生态系统的抵抗力稳定性总是大于恢复力稳定性C.负反馈调节是生态系统自我调节能力的基础D.设计生态缸不需要考虑各营养级生物的比例15. 下列为某一遗传病的家系图，已知I-1为携带者。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物下学期期中考试试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 端粒是真核细胞染色体末端的一段DNA-蛋白质复合体，在新细胞中，细胞每分裂一次，端粒就缩短一小段，缩短到一定程度，细胞停止分裂。

端粒酶是细胞中负责端粒延长的一种由蛋白质和RNA构成的核糖核蛋白体，可以让端粒不会因细胞分裂而有所损耗，使得细胞分裂的次数增加。

下列分析错误的是（）A. 端粒、端粒酶、核糖体的完全水解产物中均有糖类B. 组成端粒、端粒酶、T2噬菌体的化合物相同C. 端粒缩短可能是导致细胞衰老的原因之一D. 在癌细胞等肿瘤细胞中端粒酶的活性可能较高2. 两个氨基酸分子脱水缩合形成二肽，同时生成一分子水，该水分子中的氢来自（）A. 氨基B. 羧基C. 氨基和羧基D. 连在C原子上的H3. 下图是不同细胞的模式图，这两个细胞都有的结构是（）A.核糖体B.染色体C.细胞核D.线粒体4. 高等动物生命活动调节过程中，信号分子在细胞间起重要作用。

如图为细胞之间信息传递的模型，图中Ⅰ、Ⅰ表示细胞，E、F表示物质。

据图分析，下列说法错误的是（）A.如图表示缩手反射过程，细胞Ⅰ膜上的F表示受体蛋白B.如图表示初次免疫过程，E经抗原呈递细胞处理后呈递给Ⅰ，Ⅰ受刺激后可产生细胞因子C.如图表示血糖调节过程，且E与F结合后，Ⅰ内糖原含量上升，则Ⅰ代表胰岛A细胞D.如图所示，若E与F结合后，促使Ⅰ产生并释放了一种物质X，且X使E的生成量增加，这种调节方式属于反馈调节5. 下列病症中，与人体内环境成分发生明显变化无关的是A. 小腿抽搐B. 组织水肿C. 尿毒症D. 镰刀型细胞贫血症6. 下列关于酶及相关实验的叙述，正确的是（）A.酶是活细胞产生的有机物，微量高效，能调节酶促反应.B.酶在适宜条件下活性最大，其活性可因反应条件的变化而改变C.利用淀粉和蔗糖两种物质探究淀粉酶专一性时，用碘液进行检测D.酶促反应中，酶能高效提供活化能，从而加速反应的进行7. 下列有关纯合黄色圆粒豌豆和绿色皱粒豌豆杂交实验结果的叙述,错误的是()A.F1能产生4种比例相等的雌配子和雄配子B.F2中圆粒和皱粒的比例接近3Ⅰ1,与分离定律相符C.F2出现4种基因型的个体D.F2出现4种表型的个体,且比例为9Ⅰ3Ⅰ3Ⅰ18. 如图为某一区域M、N两物种的资源利用曲线（纵横坐标分别表示被M、N两个物种所摄取的食物数量和种类），其中表述不正确的是（）A.曲线不重叠时，M与N也可能存在竞争B. b越大，生物适应环境的能力越强C. d＜b时，M与N之间竞争激烈D.当M呈“S”型增长到达K值时，会将N从该区域中完全排斥出去9. 下列说法正确的是（）A. 属于ZW型性别决定类型的生物，ZW个体为雄性，ZZ个体为雌性B. 一个男子把X染色体上的某一突变基因传给他外孙女的概率为0C. 女孩是红绿色盲基因携带者，则该红绿色盲基因可能来自她的父亲或母亲D. 男性秃顶比女性常见，秃顶的性状与性别有关，属于伴性遗传10. 如图为一个家族中某种遗传病的遗传情况，若3号个体为纯合子的概率是1/2，则该病最可能的遗传方式是()A.伴X染色体显性遗传B.伴Y染色体遗传C.伴X染色体隐性遗传D.常染色体隐性遗传11. 下图为某二倍体雌性生物细胞不同分裂时期的模式图，Ⅰ、Ⅰ表示染色体片段。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 炎性甲亢是由于甲状腺滤泡细胞膜通透性发生改变，导致滤泡细胞中的甲状腺激素大量释放进入血液，从而引起机体内甲状腺激素含量明显升高的一种疾病。

下列有关叙述正确的是（）A.正常情况下，甲状腺的分泌活动直接受到下丘脑的控制B.甲状腺激素作用的靶细胞比促甲状腺激素作用的靶细胞数量多C.炎性甲亢患者血液中促甲状腺激素释放激素的含量比正常人高D.炎性甲亢患者体内细胞代谢旺盛，导致体重在短时间内增加2. 酵母菌是一种单细胞真菌。

在细胞分裂过程中，细胞核核膜并不会消失和重现，而是长时间的完整存在。

另外，与细胞分裂直接相关的纺锤体不在细胞质而是在细胞核内形成，这种有丝分裂称为封闭式有丝分裂。

下列叙述正确的是（）A. 封闭式有丝分裂因纺锤体在细胞核内，所以染色体不能平均分配到两个子细胞B. 酵母菌经有丝分裂产生的两个子细胞即为子一代个体，两个子代的DNA完全相同C. 如果用药物抑制纺锤体的形成，可使细胞中染色体数目加倍D. 酵母菌的有丝分裂过程与动物细胞不同，与植物细胞相同3. CLAC通道是细胞应对内质网钙超载的保护机制，该通道依赖的TMCO1是内质网跨膜蛋白，这种膜蛋白可以感知内质网中过高的钙浓度并形成具有钙离子通道活性的四聚体，主动将内质网中过多的钙离子排出，当内质网中的钙浓度恢复到正常水平后四聚体解聚，钙通道活性消失。

下列说法错误的是（）A.TMC01基因缺陷的细胞可能会出现内质网中钙离子浓度异常B. 内质网内钙离子浓度的调节存在反馈调节机制C. 用3H标记合成TMC01的氨基酸，放射性会依次出现在核糖体、内质网、高尔基体中D. 钙离子可作为内质网中钙离子浓度调节的信号分子4. 一对表现型正常的夫妻，夫妻双方的父亲都是红绿色盲。

这对夫妻如果生育后代，则理论上（）A. 女儿正常，儿子中患红绿色盲的概率为1B. 儿子和女儿中患红绿色盲的概率都为1/2C. 女儿正常，儿子中患红绿色盲的概率为1/2D. 儿子正常，女儿中患红绿色盲的概率为1/25. 利用乙醇提取出叶绿体中的色素，设法分离得到各种色素后，并将叶绿素b、叶绿素a、叶黄素、胡萝卜素和混合液依次点样在滤纸的1、2、3、4、5位置（如图所示），当滤纸下方浸入层析液后，滤纸条上各色素正确位置应为A. B. C. D.6. 关于酵母菌的叙述，错误的是（）A.酵母菌既含有核基因，又含有线粒体基因B.碳源充足和不充足的培养液中酵母菌种群的K值是相同的C.酵母菌无氧呼吸的终产物经自由扩散运到细胞外D.培养液中酵母菌的种群数量在培养早期呈“J”型增长7. 研究发现，将胃泌素释放肽注射到小鼠脊髓后，小鼠立刻会有抓痒行为；若在小鼠的脊髓里杀死表达胃泌素释放肽受体的神经元，不论向这些小鼠身上注射何种致痒物，小鼠都不抓痒。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 正常人体内血糖浓度在神经和体液共同调节下维持平衡，下列相关叙述错误是（）A.注射大量胰岛素会使人产热增加，甚至休克死亡B.葡萄糖和神经递质均为调节胰岛素分泌的信息分子C.血糖升高会直接刺激胰岛A细胞，使其分泌活动加强D.糖尿病患者注射胰岛素无效，可能是胰岛素受体受损2. 着色性干皮病(XP)是首个被发现的与DNA损伤修复缺陷有关的人类单基因遗传病。

患者的皮肤部位缺乏核酸内切酶，不能修复被紫外线损伤的皮肤细胞DNA，在日光照射后皮肤容易被紫外线损伤，先是出现皮肤炎症，继而可发生皮肤癌。

研究发现，该病在两性中发病率相当，父母常为近亲结婚且表现为隔代遗传。

下列相关推测错误的是（）A.XP致病基因位于常染色体上B.XP产生的根本原因是基因突变C.细胞内某些核酸内切酶能有效阻止细胞癌变D.XP患者的双亲至少有一方携带致病基因3. 下列关于细胞呼吸的叙述，正确的是A. 葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸需在有氧条件下进行B. 无氧呼吸过程能产生A TP，但没有[H]的生成C. 有氧呼吸过程中[H]在线粒体内膜与氧结合生成水D. 若细胞既不吸收O2也不放出CO2，说明细胞呼吸已经停止4. 下列有关酶和ATP的叙述，正确的是（）A.酶能降低反应的活化能，A TP能提高反应的活化能B.唾液淀粉酶一旦与核糖体脱离就具有了催化功能C.从胃蛋白酶的提取液中沉淀该酶可用盐析的方法D.剧烈运动时肌肉细胞中ATP含量因消耗而大量减少5. 如图1是细胞中化合物含量的扇形图，图2是有活性的细胞中元素含量的柱形图，下列说法不正确的是( )A.若图1表示细胞鲜重，则A、B化合物依次是H2O、蛋白质B.若图2表示组成人体细胞的元素含量，则a、b、c依次是O、C、HC.地壳与活细胞中含量最多的元素都是a，因此说明生物界与非生物界具有统一性D.若图1表示细胞完全脱水后化合物的含量，则A化合物具有多样性，其中含的元素为C、H、O、N6. 正常情况下，内质网膜上的PERK蛋白与Bip结合后处于失活状态。

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三生物下学期期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 观察同一材料的同一部位时，高倍镜与低倍镜相比A. 物像小，视野亮，看到的细胞数目多B. 物像小，视野暗，看到的细胞数目少C. 物像大，视野亮，看到的细胞数目多D. 物像大，视野暗，看到的细胞数目少2. 绿藻被认为是21世纪人类最理想的健康食品，螺旋藻（属蓝细菌）的藻蓝蛋白能提高淋巴细胞活性，增强人体免疫力。

下列关于绿藻和螺旋藻的叙述不正确的是（）A. 二者的遗传物质都是DNAB. 绿藻和螺旋藻合成蛋白质的场所都是核糖体C. 电子显微镜下都能观察到核糖体和细胞膜D. 绿藻和螺旋藻的叶绿体都能进行光合作用3. 下列疾病中，与免疫功能无关的是（）A. 艾滋病与类风湿性关节炎B. 癌症与系统性红斑狼疮C. 高度近视与苯丙酮尿症D. 吃海鲜过敏与过敏性鼻炎4. 下列概念与实例的相应关系中，不正确的是A. 相对性状——豌豆的高茎与矮茎B. 纯合子——基因型为AA和aa的个体C. 等位基因——基因A和aD. 杂合子——基因型为aaBB的个体5. 下列有关生物体中化合物的说法正确的是A. HIV含有核酸和蛋白质，其遗传信息主要贮存在RNA中B. 淀粉、纤维素和糖原都是由叶肉细胞通过光合作用合成的C. 患急性肠炎的病人脱水时需要及时补充大量的水和氨基酸D. 胆固醇是人体细胞膜的重要成分，参与血液中脂质的运输6. 某化合物含C、H、O、N等元素，下列哪项最不可能是它的功能（）A.构成羽毛、肌肉、头发、蛛丝等的成分B.催化作用C.组成各种膜结构D.是细胞内主要的储能物质7. 某植物种子成熟后需经低温贮藏才能萌发，为探究其原因，检测了该种子中的两种植物激素在低温贮藏过程中的含量变化，结果如图。

根据激素的作用特点，推测图中a、b 依次为（）A 赤霉素、脱落酸 B. 细胞分裂素、生长素C. 脱落酸、细胞分裂素D. 赤霉素、乙烯8. 如图表示一个由三条多肽链形成的蛋白质分子，共含271个氨基酸，图中每条虚线表示由两个R基中的硫基（－SH）脱氢形成一个二硫键（－S－S—）。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AShopping centers，stadiums and universities may soon have a new tool to help fight crime.ACaliforniacompany called Knightscope says its robots can predict and prevent crime. Knightscope says the goal is to reduce crime by half in areas the robots guard.William Santana Li is the chief executive officer of Knightscope. He says，"These robot security guards will change the world. Our planet has more than seven billion people on it. It's going to quickly get to nine billion people. The security equipmentthat we have globally is just not going to develop that fast. The company's Autonomous Data Machines can become the eyes and ears of law enforcement（执法）.""You want them to be machines plus humans. Let. the machines do the heavy and sometimes dangerous work and let the humans do the strategic decision-making work，so it's always working all together."The machines do not carry weapons but they have day and night video cameras which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons.Some people may become concerned about their privacy, especially in connection with the video recordings. Some people may worry that such recordings will appear on the Internet. Eugene Volokh, a law professor at the UCLA School of Law, says the machines have to be used in the right way and it will be interesting to see how state laws deal with this kind of video.William Santana Li says there is a long waiting list for the robots in theUS. Workers in the company are working overtime to meet the demands of the market. At least 25 other countries are also interested in these robot security guards.1. What can this new tool do for humans?A. Make strategic decisions.B. Keep watching day and night.C. Carry heavy weapons.D. Stop crime autonomously.2. Why are some people worried about the new robots?A. Their privacy may be let out.B. The robots are very expensive.C. Robots will replace humans.D. They will be out of work soon.3. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A. Robots Are Becoming More PopularB. Robots Contribute aLotto the WorldC. Robots Are in Great Demand NowD. Security Robots Could Help Cut CrimeBMy family and I never talked about school as the ticket to a future. I was in theclassroom, but I wasn't there to learn to write, read or even speak. When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide. I was 13 years old, but I already hated being who I was.I had an English teacher, Mr.Creech, who knew I couldn't read. In one of my first lessons the teacher said that anyone who had a reading age below six had to stand up. I felt so embarrassed. But at the same time, it made me realize that I needed to change the situation. I was determined it wouldn't happen again. Later that day, Mr.Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read. From then on, I never gave up practicing reading.Then when I was 41 years old, one day, I planned to fly back toTexasto visit my friends and family. On my way from the airport, I saw Mr.Creech buying himself a drink. I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him. “Do I know you？” he asked. “Yes, sir, you do know me，” I answered excitedly. “My name is Anthony Hamilton. You taught me English.” The look on his face told me that he remembered the boy he'd once encouraged.“I'm so glad I had a chance to see you，” I said. “And Mr.Creech, I have great news to share.” I told him I had learned to read. But that wasn't all. I had become a published author and an active speaker. “The next time you get another Anthony Hamilton in your classroom, please encourage him to read as well，” I added.The experts say what once worried me has a name：dyslexia(诵读困难). But I can tell you it was a lack of desire for education.4. Why did the author want to hide?A. Because he felt sorry for himself.B. Because he hated being laughed at.C. Because he couldn't read at all.D. Because he didn't have a ticket.5. Which of the following could best describe Mr.Creech?A. Considerate and dutiful.B. thoughtful and enthusiastic.C. Emotional and devoted.D. Friendly and wise.6. Why couldn't the author read before meeting Mr.Creech?A. Because his reading age was not long enough.B. Because his parents didn't teach him how to read.C. Because he was afraid of reading before the class.D. Because he didn't have inner driving force to learn to read.7. What can we infer from the passage?A. Mr.Creech taught two students called Anthony Hamilton.B. The author had become a published author and an active speaker.C. Dyslexia was just the reason that made the author unable to read.D. The author was grateful to Mr.Creech.CWhen the COVID-19 hit and supermarket shelves were empty, Chris Hall and Stefanny Lowey decided they no longer wanted to rely on others for food. The couple, who live on Pender Island in BritishColumbia, Canada, decided to start a year-long challenge where they wouldn't buy a single thing to eat. Instead they would grow, raise or catch everything—right down to sugar, salt and flour. Now, five months in, they say the challenge has changed their lives.Chris, 38, said, “It has always been something that we have wanted to do. We have had a garden and grown vegetables for a long time already. When the COVID-19 hit, it gave us that extra push that we needed to do it. We were both out of work when we started, and with the reality check of grocery stores running out of items, it gave us even more motivation to see if we could look after ourselves.”The pair spent the months before building a house for chickens, ducks and turkey as well as studying as much as possible to figure out where they would get all the things they needed. Chris adds, “We had to learn so many new things like how to grow mushrooms, process our Stevia plants, and harvest salt from the ocean. We spent a lot of time reading and studying online to figure out all the things we were going to need to do.”Now after five months, they both feel its been going well but Chris admits the first few weeks were difficult. “The first three weeks were very challenging as our bodies adjusted to cutting out coffee, wine and sugar all on the same day,” he says. “After three weeks our energy levels balanced out and our wishes reduced and now we feel great.” Now February has ended. As they come through winter, they feel positive about continuing with thisway of living, with their challenge officially ending in August.8. Why did the pair decide to produce foods on their own?A. They were isolated by Pender Island.B. They couldn't afford to buy them because they were out of work.C. They believed it's good for their health.D. They could hardly buy them in shops.9. Which words can be used to describe the couple?A. Rich and generous.B. Helpful and positive.C. Optimistic and self-dependent.D. Motivated and brave.10. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Their challenge may last about eleven months in total.B. They were discouraged by the difficulty at first.C. They had difficulty because they wanted more.D. They couldn't adjust their bodies to the hard work after three weeks.11. In which column may you read such a passage?A. Sports.B. Agriculture.C. Lifestyle.D. Business.DDisease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they keep getting scarier.Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful, mosquito repellent ever developed, scientists are actively pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.In his lab atIowaStateUniversity, Dr. Joel Coats and his team have successfully tested these repellents against three species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides protection, and they are called “spatial” repellents, since they act through space.These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, and houses. The other group are the classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin, clothing or tents; collaborators at the USDA-ARS and BioGents have conducted testing with humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural repellents: They are fully biodegradable, with no ecological concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.12. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 1?A. The way mosquitoes spread disease.B. The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.C. The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.D. The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes.13. What is a disadvantage of DEET?A. It won’t be effective for long.B. It can’t be applied universally.C. It causes discomfort to the users.D. It greatly harms people’s health.14. What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?A. They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.B. They are mainly used in the open air.C. They are more effective on human skin.D. They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.15. What’s the author’s attitude to the new repellents?A. Subjective.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Disapproving.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三生物上学期期中试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 科学家阿格雷发现，细胞膜上水通道蛋白运输水分的速度约为水分子自由扩散速率的1000倍，并成功分离出水通道蛋白，此后，科学家先后发现了Na+通道蛋白和K+通道蛋白等多种通道蛋白。

下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.通道蛋白的合成过程需要多种细胞器的参与B.依据题意可推测水分子进出细胞的方式不都是自由扩散C.水通道蛋白能运输水分子和Na+、K+等多种无机盐D.水通道蛋白能高效运输水分可能与通道蛋白的结构有关2. 已知控制玉米某两对相对性状的两对等位基因E、e和F、f分别位于两对同源染色体上，E对e、F对f 都是完全显性。

现将两个亲本EEFf和EeFf进行杂交，下列对其遗传过程及结果分析正确的是（）A. 这两对基因的遗传遵循自由组合定律B. 两个亲本产生的配子类型都是4种C. 两个亲本杂交后代有6种表现型D. 两个亲本杂交后代有4种基因型3. 1952年，赫尔希和蔡斯所做的“噬菌体侵染细菌的实验”证明了（）A.DNA的双螺旋结构B.DNA的复制方式C.DNA的碱基互补配对原则D.DNA是噬菌体的遗传物质4. 下列选项不能说明神经系统分级调节的是（）A.做尿检时，没有尿意也能排尿B.运动员听到枪声时迅速起跑C.司机看见路人过斑马线时停车等候D.婴儿膀胱充盈时，引起膀胱排尿5. 下列说法中正确的是（）A. 人体代谢过程中水是产物而不是反应物B. 衣藻细胞质内的遗传物质是RNAC. 在脂肪检测的实验中用到体积分数为50%的酒精溶液，其作用是洗去浮色D. 双缩脲试剂检测蛋白质时需将A液NaOH和B液CuSO4等量混匀后使用6. 下列叙述不能说明结构与功能相适应的一项是（）A.叶绿体内类囊体膜堆叠使膜面积增大，利于光能充分利用B.低等植物细胞中心体的存在，利于其有丝分裂的正常进行C.哺乳动物成熟的红细胞无细胞核，对血红蛋白携带氧不利D.线粒体内膜向内突起形成嵴，有利于附着更多的有氧呼吸酶7. 人体健康问题，下列叙述正确是（）A.过敏反应是机体再次接触相同过敏原时作出的反应B.类风湿性关节炎一种免疫缺陷病C.过敏反应是由于免疫功能过于低下而引起D.HIV主要通过感染人体B细胞，从而影响体液免疫8. 下列有关基因突变的叙述，错误的是（）A.基因突变不一定由物理或化学因素诱发B.亲代的突变基因不一定能传递给子代C.突变的基因不一定有基因结构上的改变D.子代获得突变基因不一定能改变性状9. 美国研究人员发现了一种罕见细菌，这种细菌内有许多集光绿色体，每个集光绿色体含有大量叶绿素。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APlan Your Visit to the British MuseumWe've made a few changes to ensure you can safely enjoy your visit:How to book tickets·Tickets for the permanent collection can only be hooked online in advance.·To book tickets for exhibitions, visit our exhibition pages. If you want to guarantee your visit to the permanent collection as well as the exhibition on your visit, you will need to book a separate ticket.·We are limiting numbers of people in the museum to ensure there is room for you to safely enjoy your visit. Everyone, including members and volunteers, will therefore need to book a free, timed ticket in advance.Important information about your ticket booking·You can book up to six tickets for people who live in the same family.·We will email yourticket to you, and you will need to show it either printed out or on your device (设备) when you arrive.·Please arrive at the time stated on your ticket-we cannot guarantee admission before or after it.Following the routeWe have created a new one-way route through the museum which will allow you to safely explore world cultures from the Mediterranean to the Middle East and from the Americas to Africa.·View a map of the route (Open in a new window).·Our audio guides (音频指南) are not available. However, youcan pay to download the audio introductions from iTunes (Open in a new window) or Google Play (Open in a new window) to each of the galleries and listen on your own device. Please remember to bring along your own headphones.1.Why does the museum offer timed tickets?A.To earn more money.B.To hire more volunteers.C.To save room for collections.D.To control the number of visitors.2.How can a visitor learn about the new route in advance?A.View an online map.B.Buy a new headphone.C.Buy audio guides from the museum.D.Download video introductions from iTunes.3.Where can you probably find the text?A.In a newspaper.B.In a magazine.C.On a website.D.In a report.BA PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."4. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A. She received 17 rejections in total.B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.C. The rejections were connected into a fan.D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.5. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A. Favorable.B. Ambiguous.C. Skeptical.D. Opposed.6. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A. Creative and considerate.B. Caring and determined.C. Optimistic and humorous.D. Generous and intelligent.7. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A. Hard work pays off.B. Education is the entrance to success.C. Self-respect earns more respect.D. One needs to normalize failures.CThe far side of the moonis a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.Astronomers are planning to make the moon's distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic(宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms of hydrogen formed. Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universe's large­scale structure took shape.The seeds of this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible toprobeusing optical(光学的) telescopes—there was no light. And although this hydrogen produced long­wavelength(or low­frequency) radio emissions,radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them. Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanity's radio noise.Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radio­wave­detecting instruments—some within the next three years—and astronomers' dreams are set to become reality.“If I were to design an ideal place to do low­frequency radio astronomy, I would have to build the moon,”says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. “We are just now finally getting to the place wherewe're actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”8. What's the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?A To research the big bang. B. To discover unknown stars.C. To study the cosmic dark ages.D. To observe the far side of the moon.9. What does the underlined word “probe” in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?A. Explore.B. Evaluate.C. Produce.D. Predict.10. Hydrogen radio emissions can't be detected on Earth because ________．A. there was no light in the dark agesB. they cannot possibly get through our atmosphereC. gigantic hydrogen clouds no longer fill the universeD. radio signals on Earth cause too much interference11. What can we infer from theunderlined sentence in the last paragraph?A. Scientists have to rebuild the moon.B. We will finally get to the moon's distant side.C. The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.D. A favorable research environment will be found on the moon.DThe grocerystore might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.The greatest beauty of the grocery store –– whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop –– is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate...always the chocolate!Being the environmental nerd（呆子）I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaveseverything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which canlead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy（松脆的）mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.It's interesting then to come home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.12. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores?A. Learning to cook foreign dishes.B. Making friends with local people.C. Buying cheaper food and souvenirs.D. Knowing local people and the country.13. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3?A. People's special lifestyles.B. People's shopping habits.C. People's environmental awareness.D. People's packaging methods.14. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. Sri Lankans know a lot about food.B. Grocery stores are good social places.C. Grocery stores vary in different countries.D. Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.15. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)A. B.C. D.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三生物下学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下列是减数分裂过程中的几个步骤，选出减数第一次分裂的步骤并排出正确的顺序的是（）①形成四分体①同源染色体分离①交叉互换①细胞质分离①联会①染色体复制①染色单体分开①着丝点分裂A.①①①①B.①①①①①①①C.①①①①①①D.①①①①①①2. DNA是遗传物质的确立以及DNA分子结构的发现为生物学的发展打开了一片新的天地。

下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.R型肺炎双球菌转化为S型肺炎双球菌是由于发生了基因重组B.用35S标记T2噬菌体，被标记的部位为氨基酸的侧链基团C.DNA分子一条链上的相邻碱基通过磷酸一脱氧核糖一磷酸相连D.DNA分子中磷酸、脱氧核糖和碱基之间的数量比为1：1：13. 下列关于细胞内元素和化合物的叙述，正确的是（）A.细胞中常见的化学元素根据作用的大小分为大量元素和微量元素B.脂肪、蛋白质、核酸均含有C、H、O、N元素C.组成淀粉、糖原、纤维素的单体是不一样的D.Cu、Zn、Mo等元素是细胞内的微量元素4. 在如图所示的玻璃容器中，注入一定浓度的NaHCO3溶液并投入少量的新鲜绿叶碎片，密闭后，设法减小液面上方的气体压强，会看到叶片沉入水中。

然后再用光照射容器，又会发现叶片重新浮出液面。

光照后叶片重新浮出液面的原因是（）A.叶片吸水膨胀，密度减小B.叶片进行光合作用所产生的O2附着在叶面上C.溶液内产生的CO2大量附着在叶面上D.NaHCO3溶液因放出CO2而密度增大5. 仔细分析下列四图，有关说法正确的是()A. 图1中的两种细胞器，在光照充足时，乙同化作用所需的原料都来自细胞外B. 植物光合和呼吸的最适温度分别为25①和30①，在其他条件充足且适宜的情况下，将温度由30①调至25①，图2中A点上移，C点将左移，E点将向左下移动C. 在其他条件适宜、底物充足的情况下，酶的浓度与酶作用底物的消耗速率之间的关系符合图3中曲线①D. 图4表示细胞内糖分解代谢过程，乳酸菌细胞内，过程①产生[H]和A TP、过程①消耗[H]6. 天官二号与神舟十一号飞船成功对接，字航员在轨完成“太空养蚕”。

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三生物上学期期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 蛋白激酶A（PKA）由两个调节亚基和两个催化亚基组成，其活性受cAMP（腺苷酸环化酶催化ATP环化形成的）调节（如下图）。

活化的PKA催化亚基可将ATP上的磷酸基团转移到特定蛋白质的丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基上进行磷酸化，改变这些蛋白的活性。

下列相关说法正确的是（）A. 腺苷酸环化酶催化的反应中，A TP的消耗与ADP的生成保持平衡B.A TP不仅作为合成cAMP、DNA等物质的原料，还可以参与蛋白质的修饰C. 只有催化亚基和调节亚基同时存在时，蛋白激酶A才能保持较高的催化活性D.cAMP与调节亚基结合，使调节亚基和催化亚基分离，释放出高活性的催化亚基2. 下面是关于细胞中水含量的叙述，其中不正确的是( )A.水是人体细胞中含量最多的化合物B.新陈代谢旺盛的植物细胞含自由水量较高C.越冬植物的细胞内自由水含量较高D.老年人细胞中含水量比婴儿要少3. Graves疾病是最常见的甲状腺功能亢进疾病。

其原因是机体产生某种抗体(TSAb)作用于甲状腺细胞膜上的促甲状腺激素(TSH)受体，效果与TSH相同。

以下说法错误的是A. 患者血液中甲状腺激素含量升高B. 产生TSAb的细胞能识别TSH受体C. 患者血液中TSH、促甲状腺激素释放激素含量减少D. 患者的体温高于正常人，且情绪易激动4. 将洋葱某部位细胞放入一定浓度物质A溶液中，发现其原生质体体积变化趋势如图所示，下列叙述正确的是A.该部位可能位于洋葱根尖的分生区B.物质A可能为2mol/L的蔗糖溶液C.该细胞出现质壁分离现象后又自动复原D.原生质体相对体积恢复到100%后无水进出5. 植物地上部分向光生长，根背光生长。

取正在萌发的种子贴附在琼脂板上，再将琼脂板插入透明盒内培育，五面遮光，仅从一侧给予光照（见图）。

2019-2020学年上海华东理工大学附属中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANAME: JohnFAVORITE SPORT: Basketball FAVORITE SNACK: PizzaHOBBY: Photography PET: Beagle named MaxFUNNIEST MOMENT: “On Max's birthday, we sang the ‘Happy Birthday’ song to him and he got a big treat. A month later, my family sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to me. Max got so excited because he remembered the song. He whined(嘀咕) when he didn't get a treat, so we gave him one.”NAME: SarahFAVORITE SPORT: Track and field FAVORITE SNACK: GranolaHOBBY: Guitar PET: Cat named LuluFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One day in my kindergarten, I opened my snack bag and found a tennis ball and a sock! My little brother had played his first practical joke. Thanks, Bryan!”NAME: PaulFAVORITE SPORT: Baseball FAVORITE SNACK: Apple with peanut butterHOBBY: Making comics PET: Tropical fishFUNIEST MOMENT: “In a school play, I was supposed to say the line ‘Stop right there, cowboy!’ Devin was playing the cowboy, and 1 said, ‘Stop right there, Devin!’ It was supposed to be a serious part of the play, but Devin cracked up. Then everybody else laughed, too, including me.”NAME: ScottFAVORITE SPORT: Soccer FAVORITE SNACK: BananasHOBBY: Drawing dinosaursPET: Hermit crab named HermieFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One night, we were camping in a state park. I heard a loud thumping(砰砰作响) outside the tent. I was sure that it was a bear! I used my flashlight to look around the campsite(野营地) and saw a little toad hopping away, going thump, thump, thump!”1.Whom will you get in touch with if you also like taking photos?A.Scott.B.Sarah.C.John.D.Paul.2.Where did Sarah find the tennis ball and the sock?A.At her friend's birthday party.B.In her kindergarten.C.In her school.D.In a state park.3.Outside the tent, what thumped that night?A.A bear.B.A cat.C.A fish.D.A toad.BA crew（全体成员）of six teenage girls completed a nine-day sailing trip in the US recently, after having seasickness and strong winds.For the past three years, the Sea Cadet teenagers whoset sail were all male. Roger Noakes, who captained（担任队长）the boat, said this was the first time he’d taken out an all-female crew.The girls asked for an all-girls trip in August this year. The crew set sail along with three adults, Noakes and two Sea Cadet representatives. The original plan was for the girls to sail 24 hours a day in rotating shifts（轮流换班）along the coast and then return. Things turned out differently, however. “The first night was difficult because the wind was really hard. The waves were going up and down,” said Abby Fairchild,16. “Everybody got seasick.” Noakes gave the girls the choice of just sailing in the bay and not going into open water. “But they decided they were going.”The teenagers then sailed a long way overnight and slept in shifts. “We’ve learned everything from controlling the boat to putting up the sails while we have rough seas,” said 15-year-old Olivia Wilcox.The teenagers stopped on land in Massachusetts. They didn’t make it to their original destination（目的地）in Maine, where they were supposed to have a celebratory dinner, due to the weather and winds. They said they weren’t disappointed, however, as they’d learned a lot. “They learned about boating, and above all, they built confidence and character,” said Noakes.4. What was special about the Sea Cadet trip this year?A. It was the longest sailing trip ever.B. It was the first all-female-crew sailing trip.C. It was the most dangerous sailing trip ever.D. It was the first sailing trip for teenagers.5. What happened on the crew’s first day of the trip?A. They all felt sick on the boat.B. Some of them were hurt.C. Their boat was out of control.D. They went into open water by mistake.6. Which of the following best describes these young sailors?A. Strong-minded and having a strong sense of teamwork.B. Hard-working and having great leadership skills.C. Understanding and creative.D. Adventurous and skillful.7. According to Noakes, what was the sailors’ greatest benefit from the trip?A. They knew the sea better.B. They made many friends.C. They got excellent sailing skills.D. They developed good personalities.CThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors weremore affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.8. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes9. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding10. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence11. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directionsDHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.12. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.13. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.14. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.15. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh Children第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BHave you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time.But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest s, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question.Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study came to a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result.Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice.In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.“It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuableresources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy.Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior.4. Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors?A. Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits.B. Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study.C. Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview.D. Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class.5. What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?A. Sharing food.B. Making a choice.C. Comforting others.D. Showing sympathy.6. How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones?A. It was based on controlled lab experiment.B. It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward.C. It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding.D. It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners.7. What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes?A. Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others.B. Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors.C. Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab.D. Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards.CA Hug from a Teenage BoyFifteen years spent in the field of education have provided Nancy Marra with many treasured moments. One of the most endearing happened when she was teaching second grade.That year, she decided to plan something special for the children: a Mother’s Day tea. After all the preparations were made for it, each child took home an invitation.Nancywas surprised and relieved to see that every mother was planning to attend. She even invited her own mother.Finally, the day arrived. That afternoon, each child lined up at the classroom door expecting the arrival of his or her mom. As it got closer to starting time,Nancylooked around and her eyes quickly found Jimmy. His motherhadn’t shown up and he was looking upset.Nancytook her mother by the hand and walked over to Jimmy. “Jimmy,”Nancysaid, “I have a bit of a problem here and I was wondering if you could help out. Since I’m going to be really busy today, I was wondering if you could keep my mother company.”Nancy’s mom and Jimmy sat at a table with two other mother-child pairs. Jimmy servedNancy’s mom her treats, presented her with the giftNancyhad made, and pulled out and pushed in her chair, just as they had practiced the day before. WheneverNancylooked over, her mom and Jimmy were in deep conversation Ten years later,Nancywas at a high school to take a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy. On the way back,Nancyhad the students complete an evaluation form of their trip. She collected and checked the forms one by one.When she came to Jimmy’s evaluation page, he had written, “Remember our Mother’s Day tea we had in second grade, Mrs. Marra? I do! Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too.”As they began unloading at the school, Jimmy made sure he was the last one to go.Nancytold him she really enjoyed what he had written. He looked rather embarrassed, mumbled (咕哝) his own thanks, and then turned to walk away. As the bus driverbegan pulling the bus away, Jimmy ran back and knocked on the bus door. He jumped back on board and gaveNancya big hug. “Thanks again, Mrs. Marra. No one even knew my mom didn’t make it that day!”She ended her workday with a hug from a teenage boy who had probably stopped hugging teachers years ago.8. Why was Jimmy paired withNancy’s mother?A. Nancy was too busy to spend time with her.B. Jimmy’s mother didn’t come to the event.C. Nancy wanted Jimmy to get to know her.D. Jimmy could get along well with her.9. Where did Jimmy meetNancyten years later?A. Near Jimmy’s high school.B. At a Mother’s Day tea.C. In Nancy’s classroom.D. On a field trip.10. How did Jimmy feel about whatNancyhad done for him?A. Upset.B. Embarrassed.C. Grateful.D. Satisfied.11. Which of the following best presents the theme of the passage?A. No act of kindness is ever wasted.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. A mother’s hug lasts long after she lets go.D. The best teacher must be the best performer.DThis is a true story. Tristin Saghin enjoyed themovie “Black Hawk Down” very much, which is about the conflict inSomalia. The battle scenes and the exciting rescues of people who are dying interested him greatly.There was just one problem: Tristin was only 9 years old, and it was thought that movie was not for children. When his parents caught him watching it on TV, they made him turn it off, though he had finished his homework and it was not late. Then one day, Tristin and his family were visiting his grandmother inMesa,Arizona. Tristin’s 2-year-old sister got out of the house and fell in the backyard pool. Realizing the little girl was missing, the family ran outside, only to find the girl had fallen into the water.Pulled from the pool and placed on the ground, the child wasn’t breathing. The family called the ambulance, but no one knew how to do first aid. No one, that is, except for Tristin. A scene in “Black Hawk Down” describes a doctor giving first aid. Tristin remembered it. Then the 9-year-old gave first aid to his sister at once and saved her life.His parents don’t stop him seeing the movies he likes any more.Tristin taught himself how to do first aid but he had never thought he could use it to save his little sister’s life. Any skill can be used in time, so you should always learn.12. According to the text, Tristin Saghin ________.A. lived inMesa,ArizonaB. disliked studying very muchC. was always ready to help othersD. was nine years old13. Why did Tristin Saghin’s parents order him to turn off the TV?A. They wanted him to help look after his sister.B. He often spent too much time watching films.C. They thought the film was not good for children.D. He was asked to finish his homework first.14. How was Tristin’s sister saved?A. Tristin gave first aid to her.B. The ambulance arrived in time.C. A doctor passing by gave a hand.D. Her parents sent her to hospital at once.15. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to advise readers to ________.A. see more moviesB. learn more skillsC. save others bravelyD. do what they like第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenBEveryone can be angry. But if you take the time to actually examine your anger instead of just “feeling” angry, you’ll have a better understanding of yourself. Knowing why you feel so angry can provide you with some surprising answers. These answers can enable you to suddenly grow spiritually and mentally.I can give you a personal example. I went to a meeting once and I was verbally attacked over an application I supported at my workplace. Various people went on and on about how terrible this system was and that it never worked. That didn’t bother me that much. I was used to that but one of the comments that was said was, “Your job is pointless.” This really upset meand at the time, I was ly furious(发怒地) with that comment.I was so angry and upset that they would treat me that way. Once I took the time to think about what was really making me so mad. I learned a lot. I realized that the comment was more truethan I wanted to admit. In the big scheme of things, my job was pointless. It wasn’t what I really wanted to be doing with my life and this was what frustrated me the most. Here I was pouring part of my heart and soul into a job I didn’t even really want to do. I was using it as a crutch(拐杖) because I didn’t have the confidence in myself to take the scary road towards what I really wanted to do. As soon as I realized that, a lot of my anger just melted away. I also realized that I needed to start focusing on what I really wanted to do.I now consider this incident as a great gift It got me back on track to moving in the direction I wanted to go with my life. I probably wouldn’t be where I am today if I hadn’t taken the time to figure out why I was really so angry.4. What made the author angry at the meeting?A. The system of the company was terrible.B. Someone said his job is insignificant.C. The policy of the company didn’t work.D. The application he supported was of no effect.5. What brought down the anger of the author?A. The apology someone made at the meeting.B. The crutch he used to take the scary road.C. His awareness of the fact that the comment was true.D. The courage he had to overcome the challenges.6. Why did the author consider the incident as a gift?A. It brought him back on track to the goal.B. It helped him get promoted to a higher position.C. It helped him change his character since then.D. It provided him with confidence in his career.7. What can be the best title of the passage?A. How to Cope with Verbal Attack in a CompanyB. Avoid Being Pointless at WorkC. Anger Is Harmful to HealthD. Understanding Yourself Better Through AngerCThere are three of us in the laboratory: Jules, me and Dr. Leonards. Leonards asks me to sit in front of Jules. As I do, he looks me in the eye and starts to move his face through a series of emotions-happy, confused, surprised, glaring. I'm attracted by his display, feeling delight when hegrinsand feeling serious when his eyes narrow angrily. None of this would be a surprise, of course, if Jules were a human. But he's a robot head on a table.The most special thing is that, consciously(有意识地), there's no mistaking Jules for a real person. Although he has surprisingly realistic skin, his eyes don't fit firmly against his lids, and he has a terrible hairpiece. Yet, as I walk into the room, I experience a complex worry of feeling in his direction. It's not at all like entering an empty space. It's a bit awkward for Jules’ shining false hair. Some unconscious part of me is responding to him as if he's real. This matters, because if we're to one day live comfortably along with robots , an understanding of how we instinctively(本能地) react to them is significant. The study of these issues is the frontier of a new scientific research; human-robot interaction.Jules was built as part of an attempt to understand the emotions that can be communicated by a human. “All the robots we'vebuilt so far don't have that rich emotions. We wanted to build a robotic face, with small motors that mimic(模仿) all the muscles you have, so we could discover what it could express. "Such research is becomingincreasingly important, says Dr. Leonards, partly because our rapidly ageing population will soon need the help of robots with which they can effortlessly interact.8. What does the author think of Jules?A. He ignored him in his place.B. He didn't treat him as only a robot.C. He was afraid of his being there.D. He mistook him for a real person.9. What is the purpose to build such a robot?A. To help humans of old ages.B. To carry out a scientific research.C. To take the place of human labour.D. To make an interaction with human.10. What doesthe underlined word “grins” mean in Paragraph1?A. Smiles.B. Shakes.C. Worries.D. Cries.11. What may be the best title for the text?A. Human And RobotB. Success Of Making A RobotC. Robot Will Replace ManD. Difference Between Man And RobotDWhile the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students inAuckland,New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher.Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student’s desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector’s “Be sustainable with energy”— a free program forAucklandelementary schools.Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.”The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “ What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.12. What was special for some elementary school students inAuckland?A. A digital teacher taught them.B. They first saw something digital.C. This was the start of a new school year.D. They could get close to smartphone screen.13. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?A. It can smile back.B. It can use microphone.C. It can talk any topic for free.D. It can change if necessary.14. What’s Ravishankar’s attitude to Will’s replacing Human educators soon?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Disapproving.15. What might be the best title for the passage?A. New High-tech Contributes to EducationB. The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.C. The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD.New ZealandWill Replace Teachers in Classrooms第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年华东理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMy wife Hilary andI were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!" An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. Thebear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew 1 would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards-the forest,before returning for another attack the first time I felt panic.Obviously satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1. How did the writer feel when faced with the brown bear?A. Fearful but confident.B. Nervous but brave.C. Upset but determined.D. Awful but hopeful.2. The bear finally went away after itA. got injuredB. felt safeC. found some foodD. took away the camera3. What does the author want to tell us?A. We should keep calm when troubles comeB. We should rise to the challenge when faced with difficulties.C. We should not risk ourselves in some dangerous areas.D. We should learn to take advantage of anything at hand when in trouble.BHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demandfor hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral4. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie5. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around6. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards7. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.CLight pollution is a significant but overlooked driver of the rapid decline of insect populations, according to the most comprehensive review of the scientific evidence to date.Artificial light at night can affect every aspect of insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strongly believe artificial light at night — in combination with habitat loss, chemical pollution.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists concluded after assessing more than 150 studies.Insect population collapses have been reported around the world, and the first global scientific review published in February,said widespread declines threatened to cause a "catastrophic collapse of nature'secosystems".There are thought to be millions of insect species, most still unknown to science, and about half are active at night. Those active in the day may also be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.The most familiar impact of light pollution is moths (飞蛾) flapping around a bulb, mistaking it for the moon. Some insects use the polarisation of light to find the water they need to breed, as light waves line up after reflecting from a smooth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects areimportant prey (猎物) for many species, but light pollution can tip the balance in favour of the predator if it traps insects around lights. Such increases in predation risk were likely to cause the rapid extinction of affected species, the researchers said.The researchers said most human-caused threats to insects have analogues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pollution is particularly hard for insects to deal with.However, unlike other drivers of decline, light pollution is ly easy to prevent. Simply turning off lights that are not needed is the most obvious action, he said, while making lights motion-activated also cuts light pollution. Shading lights so only the area needed is lit up is important. It is the same with avoiding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights also offer hope as they can be easily tuned to avoid harmful colours and flicker rates.8. What is discussed in the passage?A. Causes of declining insect populations.B. Consequences of insect population collapses.C. Light pollution: the key bringer of insect declines.D. Insect declines: the driver of the collapsed ecosystem.9. What is the 5th paragraph mainly about?A. How light travels in space.B. How light helps insects find food.C. How the food chain is interrelated.D. How light pollution affects insects.10. What does the underlined word"analogues"in Paragraph 6probably mean?A. Selective things.B. Similar things.C. Variations.D. Limitations.11. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To offer solutions.B. To give examples.C. To make comparisons.D. To present arguments.DWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.12. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.13. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.14. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.15. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。