2018年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案

2018年5月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题英译汉Passage 1亚洲国家经济增长Ladies and gentlemen, today there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% twenty years ago. Such drastic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian countries. Now the challenge faced by Asia, a region that is largely middle-income countries is how to transition into high income economies. The experience of other developing nations for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbia have remained at the middle income status for decades and never moved up further. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income level in only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning that it has to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and increase wage level.Higher quality of human capital means more skilled and more knowledgeable work force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Survey also shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in GDP.Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation. Once countries develop even further, they need to focus on electricity and ITinfrastructure. It is a key driver to innovation because it helps create and spread knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet users are more innovative than those without the internet. Increasing investment in IT is going to boost innovation and productivity.To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts in intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased financing and created equal policies to boost competition. According to estimation, about US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on infrastructure investment, in order to lower the impact of climate change. To meet this need, Asian countries need to carry out tax reform, change their economic structure and borrow prudently. But they tend to face a funding shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract more private investment and build a better investment environment working with private investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve sustained growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us.英译汉passage 2人工智能发展趋势Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The major trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I call artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going to undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine jobs and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring drastic changes to society for the next 20 years.Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the background AIs have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs have eyes at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better than human lawyers. For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a plane because AI is doing the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba that provide smart recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also defeated the world’s Go champion. When we play video games we are playing against AIs. Now what Google is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video games. And with such learning mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is that humans do not really understand the concept of intelligence. Humans tend to have the single dimensional understanding, thinking that IQ is the only way of showing intelligence. For example a rat is the least smart, a monkey is better. Then anaverage person such as me as smarter than a monkey but not smarter than a genius. Such understanding of intelligence is completely wrong. Human intelligence is like a symphony, in fact, it’s like different instruments playing together.Secondly, AI was the technology leading the second industrial revolution. First industrial revolution relied on artificial force. Before the agricultural revolution, all work was done by human muscle or animal force. It is extremely important that during the first agriculture revolution we utilized steam and fossil fuels to power productivity. That is why when we drive a car today it is using the force of 250 horses, that is, 250 horse power. Artificial force is what helps us to build sky scrapers and produce massive products in factories that cannot be done by humans.Artificial forces can also go through wires and grid, Connecting homes, factories, and farmlands, that is offered to everyone to buy. And the smartness of artificial intelligence is multiplied by 1 million times powers the Second Industrial Revolution. That is why the cars on the highway with 250 horsepower is going to be automated in the future. And AI will be developed, just as electricity to the grid, on the cloud.汉译英Passage 1中国新四大发明2000年前，中国发明了指南针、火药、造纸术、以及印刷术，这四大发明推动了人类文明的进步。

英译汉 passage1Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10,taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.近日，北海沿岸崎岖而宽广的海滩上，孩子们八人一组，十人一队，在用隔离带精心围起来的沙堆旁各就各位。

他们要在一个小时内完成堆沙堡的比赛。

有些人打造鱼形的主体建筑，再配上鳞片。

其余的人修建复杂的沟渠和迷宫式的堤坝。

每个沙堡的顶部都插有一面白旗。

1.“taking their places/ beside mounds of sand /carefully cordoned by tape.”这句话划分一下知道了大概意思是这些小朋友各就各位在自己的沙堆旁边，这些沙堆被隔离带精心的围着。

mound of [something]一堆某物A. noun警戒线to throw a cordon around [something]在某物周围设置警戒线B. transitive verbcordon off[cordon off something], [cordon something off]封锁4.ditchA. noun沟B. transitive verb①(get rid of)抛弃‹partner, friend›; 丢弃‹car, machinery›to ditch one's boyfriend甩掉男友②Aviation(crash-land)«pilot, crew» 使…在海上迫降‹plane›Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could with stand the tide longest. The last standing flag won.然后，孩子们等待着大海涨潮，吞没沙堡，看谁的沙堡在潮水中持续的时间最久。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

2018年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、英译汉(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Passage 1New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely."Things got pretty active," an official said at a Saturday press conference." The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long." More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this."（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(近日，无人机新拍摄到的画面展现了夏威夷大岛（Hawaii's Big Island）在火山喷发后的破坏景象：岩浆顺着道路缓慢流淌，穿过树林，朝着村舍进发，产生的烟雾翻滚升腾。

2018年5月二级笔译真题试译1 Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins, a Devotion to Learning走近柬埔寨神庙，感受学习热潮Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.每年，数百万游客到访吴哥窟的古老历史遗迹，大量游客的涌入使得曾经悠闲的小村庄转变为一个商业繁荣的国际化城镇，有丰富的夜生活，还有10000多间的酒店房间。

But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a decade ago, is now Cambodia’s second -largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh.但是，这里旅游业的爆发也产生了一些意想不到的变化。

十年前，暹xi ān 粒l ì市没有大学，如今已成为柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心，仅次于首都金边市。

The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over, they study finance, English and accounting.贫穷的稻农们的儿女们聚集在这里做导游、接待、调酒师和服务员。

2018年5月CATII二级英语笔译真题翻译实务部分英译中第一篇文章Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins a Devotion to Learning走进破败的柬埔寨庙宇，感受学习的热情。

Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10000 hotel rooms.每年，都有数以百万计的游客造访吴哥窟，以观赏当地古老的历史遗迹，而这个游客聚居之地，也一改往日偏僻村落的闲适之常态，一举成为一座经济发展呈迅猛之势的国际化城镇。

一万间宾馆客房拔地而起，赋予游客激情四射的夜生活。

But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap which had no universities a decade ago is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education after the capital Phnom Penh.但是，吴哥窟旅游业的爆棚式发展，也取得了某些意料之外的成果。

十年前，暹粒还是一片学术的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已发展壮大成为柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心，高等院校规模仅次于首都金边。

The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides receptionists bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over they study finance English and accounting.来自贫困稻农家的儿女们，一股脑地涌向暹粒。

2018年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points) Passage 1Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins, a Devotion to LearningMillions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Rea p, which had no universities a decade ago, is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh.The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over, they study finance, English and accounting.The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.Khim Borin, a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun.But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan.It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams of Cambodia’s youth — and offered flexible hours in sync with the rhythms of the tourist industry.After graduation, students who work and study at the same time often have an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and others say. University stud ents are “more communicative,” she said. “If they don’t like something, they speak out.”Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor’s temples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year, 3.3 million tourists visited Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.Passage 2India's Education Dream Risks Remaining Just ThatAt one of the bett er colleges in India’s capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. “If even half show up, there aren’t enough chairs,” said Ghazala Amin, a history professor there. “There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?”The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Jesus and Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year —less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India’s colleges and universities.All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of Ph.D.’s, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report’s authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pl edged to more than double the size of the country’s higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India’s education dream remains just that.Mr. Balakrishnan of India Institute of Technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities —about twice the current figure —by 2020.“Tangible changes are happening,” he said. “The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education.”。

2018年上半年笔译二级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze TestPART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．I______with rage at his offensive remarks, finding it meaningless to argue with such a rude man.A．quiveredB．quenchedC．quippedD．quelled正确答案：A解析：本题考查形式相近的动词语义搭配。

本题四个选项皆以qu-作为前缀，后半句意为“觉得跟这样一个粗鲁无礼的人争论毫无意义”，选项中只有quiver(发抖，颤抖)的语义能与with rage(愤怒，生气)构成符合上下文逻辑的搭配，意为“气得发抖”，故只有A选项符合题意。

英语翻译二级笔译实务真题2018年5月及答案解析(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题At one of the better colleges in India´s capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren´t enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India´s colleges and universities.All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD´s, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report´s authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country´s higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India´s education dream remains just that.Mr. Balakrishnan of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education."_____________下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a de cade ago, is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh. The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses.When their shifts are o ver, they study finance, English and accounting.“ The establishment offive private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia.Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions.A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.Khim Borin, a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun. There was no master plan for work and study life. It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams of Cambodia’s youth; and the freedom of time provided for the rhythm of the peak season.After graduation, students who work and study at the same time often have an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and others say. University students are “more communicative,” she said. “If they don’t like so mething, they speak out.” Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor’s temples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year, 3.3 million tourists visited Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism._____________ 上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.Part A Compulsory Translation第3题2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。

2018年下半年CATTI英语二级口译实务（交替传译）真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：60分钟)一、英译汉交替传译(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Part 1 English to Chinese InterpretingPassage 1共享经济常常有人问我什么是“共享经济”。

现在正是时候，我来和大家解释一下“共享经济”的定义，定义可以帮助人们建立更好的“共享经济”。

在这样的社会和经济系统中，人们可以分享信息和其它事物，任何组织中的所有人都可以进行商品和服务的生产、贸易和消费。

人处于共享经济的中心，这是关于人的经济。

所有参与者，包括个人、社区、组织、公司和机构都与分享经济深度融合在一起，为人类做出贡献。

在分享经济中，任何人、组织和机构都可以通过合作生产产品和服务，它让产品突破了现实意义上的边界。

3D印刷提高了效率。

社会责任感强。

在共享经济中，价值的概念并不仅仅局限于金融方面的价值，经济、环境和社会方面的价值同等重要。

分享经济中的物质和社会回报是非常丰厚的，也能够充分利用资源。

在这个体系中，每个人都可以进行创新型的活动。

在共享经济中，浪费的东西也具有价值，认为它们是放错了位置的资源。

分享经济鼓励地方、社区、各个组织和政府充分利用这些资源，将它们重新分配给需要的人们手中。

在共享经济中，技术扮演了非常重要的角色……比如，人们可以使用共享汽车而无需拥有一辆汽车并且维护汽车。

分享经济能给人和环境带来很多益处，有利于人与自然的和谐共处，能够提高人们的生活水平和环境的承载能力，帮助人们履行在环境方面的责任，避免各个组织、机构和政府承担破坏环境所带来的代价。

对于政府和社会来说，分享经济是可持续发展的经济，有利于对资源的重复利用，有利于保护环境。

在共享经济中，信息是共享的，任何个人、组织、社团都可以以各种方式获取信息，并将信息用于多种目的。

技术有利于信息的自由流动和分享。

分享经济也可以促进教育的发展，让所有人都获得自己需要的知识、技能和工具。

2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题Part1 Summary Writing1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes)Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion:When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.” He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired.Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn’t want to set an example”that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you’re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal” has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as ….Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano’s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit” is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc.Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry’s or their community’s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn’t simply disciplined in his supervisor’s office and sent home. No, that’s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone’s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee’s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down.When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!” But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO.Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch’s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE’s great management thinker just wasn’t thinking big enough.This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes)越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。

英语翻译二级笔译实务真题2018年5月及答案解析(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题At one of the better colleges in India´s capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren´t enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India´s colleges and universities.All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD´s, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report´s authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country´s higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India´s education dream remains just that.Mr. Balakrishnan of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education."_____________下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a de cade ago, is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh. The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses.When their shifts are o ver, they study finance, English and accounting.“ The establishment offive private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia.Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions.A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.Khim Borin, a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun. There was no master plan for work and study life. It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams of Cambodia’s youth; and the freedom of time provided for the rhythm of the peak season.After graduation, students who work and study at the same time often have an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and others say. University students are “more communicative,” she said. “If they don’t like so mething, they speak out.” Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor’s temples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year, 3.3 million tourists visited Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism._____________ 上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.Part A Compulsory Translation第3题2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。

2018年5月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题英译汉Passage 1亚洲国家经济增长Ladies and gentlemen, today there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% twenty years ago. Such drastic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian countries. Now the challenge faced by Asia, a region that is largely middle-income countries is how to transition into high income economies. The experience of other developing nations for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbia have remained at the middle income status for decades and never moved up further. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income level in only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning that it has to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and increase wage level.Higher quality of human capital means more skilled and more knowledgeable work force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Survey also shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in GDP.Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation. Once countries develop even further, they need to focus on electricity and IT。

5月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案第一部分英译汉必译题There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent.By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.Such is the volatility of today‟s markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - the “bottom billion,”the poorest of the world‟s poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spe ndtwo-thirds of their income on food.In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that‟s all they can afford.Traveling though West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women‟s cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income - and food - for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.Elsewhere, I saw yet another women‟s group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems - precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.参照译文：上周，世界粮食危机出现了一线转机。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

2018年下半年CATTI二级口译试题Part 1 English to Chinese InterpretingPassage 11.The torrent of innovation and entrepreneurship sweeping China has become a new engine fueling China’s economic growth, and in this process capital has played an indispensable role. Some people ask me about which areas will create new leaders, and therefore, should investors pay the most attention to? What kinds of business start-ups am I most interested in? There are indeed industrial leaders in almost every visible segment. But when it comes to the new economy, newcomers always stand a chance of defeating those first arrivals. From my point of view, opportunities exist in the following three areas.2.First, there are plenty of opportunities in a niche market利基市场. For instance, is a leading general e-commerce website, and there are many other e-commerce platforms focused on selling one particular type of product such as cosmetics or baby products. Second, opportunities exist along the industrial chain of e-commerce. Taking Amazon for example, it’s a business-to-customer (B2C) website where third-party sellers are invited to open stores. They can take part in logistics, customs, storage, and other industrial chain of commerce.3. Third, with the advent of the mobile Internet era, new location-based and social-based opportunities will pop up. For example, taxi-hailing apps Uber, Didi Dache and Kuaidi Dache are areas that Internet giants once overlooked or failed to cover. Investment opportunities on TMT (telecommunication, media and technology) area will exist in at least the above-mentioned three areas. New areas such as big data and cloud computing will churn out plenty of opportunities as well. These are all investment directions for us, with unlimited room for development.4.Personally, I favor three types of business start-ups—those with a hi-tech barrier, those with an innovative business model and those with established skills in a certain segment.The first and third types are easy to understand, but the second one could be a little tricky. Basically, a company has to create a completely new model to enter a potentially huge market. I would be really interested in this kind of business start-ups.5.People asked me when a revenue model is absent at the early stage, how can you tell whether a company is worth investing in? A sound and good revenue model is an essential issue in the investment world, however, we have found a paradox in both Chinese and U.S. markets. Many Internet giants either didn’t have one clear revenue model at the early stage, or they had one but changed to a different model as it grew. We should never rule out a project arbitrarily when its revenue model is absent or unclear.6.This is a must-have quality in the investment world. As a matter of fact, the team matters a lot at the early stage. I believe an excellent team has a strong ability to cash in what it has to offer. Whether we should invest in a company when it doesn’t have a clear revenue model is the difficult part for a venture capitalist, but is also the most attractive part in this job. That’s what sorts outstanding professional venture capitalists from lame ones.7.Some people think there are bubbles in the technology industry in China, and that the bubbles may soon burst. Personally, I think technological innovation will continue and bubbles in this area are quite obvious. It’s obvious in that the valuation of some tech firms is way too high. Meanwhile, whenever a new concept appears within a sector, it will become very crowded, intensifying competition or even resulting in cutthroat competition.8.Finally, both investors and entrepreneurs have as a result become more anxious, especially during 2014. The market, according to my observation, has restored some of its rationality since 2015. Overheating does exist in the venture capital market. It’s mostly because there’s too much hot money available in the market, but not so many investment channels.Passage 2We have come together to lend our voices to the growing global effort to combat the illegal wildlife trade –a trade that has reached such unprecedented levels of killing and related violence that it now poses a grave threat not only to the survival of some of the world’s most treasured species, but also to economic and political stability in many areas around the world.Organized bands of criminals are stealing and slaughtering elephants, rhinos and tigers, as well as large numbers of other species, in a way that has never been seen before, pushing many species to the brink of extinction. They are taking these animals using the sophisticated weapons of war –assault rifles, silencers, night vision equipment and helicopters. Unarmed park rangers are no match for these organized gangs and high-powered equipment. Tragically, many brave rangers have lost their lives while trying to save those of the animals.It is shocking that future generations may know a world without these magnificent animals and the habitat upon which they depend. This year, I have become even more devoted to protecting the resources of the Earth for not only my own son but also the other children of his generation to enjoy. I want them to be able to experience the same Africa that I did as a child. It is, of course, even more important for each child growing up in countries where these animals live. It is nothing less than immoral that they are losing their birthright to fuel the greed of international criminals.Our profound belief is that humanity is less than humanity without the rest of creation: the destruction of these endangered species will diminish us all. Allow mejust to give you some sense of the scale of the problem with a few staggering numbers: More than 30,000 elephants were killed last year-amounting to nearly 100 deaths per day. In the past ten years, sixty-two per cent of African forest elephants have been lost. If this rate continues, the forest elephant will be extinct within ten years. As recently as 100 years ago, there were as many as 100,000 wild tigers living in Asia. Today, there are believed to be fewer than 3,200 left in the wild.Despite the terrible crisis that we now face, we both continue to be optimistic that the tide can be reversed. We have been so impressed by the brilliant work already being done on the ground to improve enforcement and in consumer countries to stop the demand for wildlife products. We are also extremely encouraged that this issue is now starting to receive the attention it deserves at the highest levels of governments. It is heartening that many African leaders are proactively developing plans of action and seeking solutions.We are hopeful that this meeting will lead to tangible results on the ground, where they are so sorely needed. But even more needs to be done. Neither governments, international organizations, nor private companies, can tackle this enormous task alone. It will take action from all of us to beat back this highly organized criminal activity. In the face of such a threat, it is natural to feel powerless, but I have seen the extraordinary impact of advances in protection on the ground, and the power of social media in reducing demand for these products. Each one of us can help by raising our voices to support them. We have to be the generation that stopped the illegal wildlife trade, and secured the future of these magnificent animals, and their habitats, for if we fail, it will be too late.Part 2 Chinese to English InterpretingPassage 1现在中国经济增长放缓，因此2015年，中国政府推行了供给侧改革，国际社会对此十分关注，但是也产生了很多的误解，人们会有疑问，为什么中国政府会推行这样的改革。