I 摘 要 《庄子》内篇涵盖逍遥游、齐物论、养生主、人间世、德充符、大宗师、应帝王七部分,是庄子思想的核心。在《庄子》中,“道”是最高的概念。虽然《庄子》内篇对“道”的直接描述很少,但毫无疑问,庄子所有的论证和寓言都是依道而发,并最终回归于“道”。这是《庄子》内篇的一条主线,这条主线将这七篇贯穿起来,形成一个统一体。虽然这七篇并不是严格按照逻辑顺序来排列的,但这并不影响我们对庄子思想的理解和吸收。除了“道”,这一重要概念外,“逍遥”、“自然”、“安命”、“物化”等也是其中的重要概念。这些概念都是由“道”而来,是庄子为了更好地阐述“道”所使用,它们和“道”之间是一般和个别的关系。特殊的时代和社会背景构筑了庄子思想的来源,使庄子思想有了一种荡气回肠的气魄和潇洒飘逸的浪漫情怀。逍遥游的直入云天之境大大的开阔了人们的视野,提升了人们的思想境界;物化论使人们对世间万物的区别和联系有了新的看法,不再一味地拘泥于封闭的过去,活跃了人们的思想观念;在本论文中,社会哲学和生命哲学并没有绝对的分界线,而是互相联系和贯通的。社会哲学主要包括日常生活、为政治国两方面,对“安命”、“与君处”、“治政”等方面进行分析;生命哲学主要阐述庄子的生死观,由于庄子是依“道”而发,而“道”是任自然的,所以庄子的生死观也就是随顺自然的生死观:生与死是一个过程的两方面,而不是截然分开的;生与死都是物化的结果,不必乐生悲死,生不足喜,死亦不足忧,而是要以一种平和的心境看待世间万物的生灭和流转。 庄子将肉身留在无奈、可悲的世间,精神却任逍遥在与造化者游的自由国度。沉重的肉身无法飞翔,将庄子困在尘世;而飘逸的精神却让庄子悠闲自适得神游在“无何有之乡”,这是一种“撕裂”的人生,也是一种庄子式的升华人生!庄子的思想让人觉得庄子似乎是一个冷酷、孤傲的人。但是透过庄子的这层外衣,我们不难发现,庄子其实是一个外冷内热的性情中人,甚至某种程度上是一个相当脆弱的人。庄子是为了保护自己内心的自由才不得以用这样一种无奈之法来诠释自己的思想,这是庄子与沉重的世间相妥协的权宜之计。经典的背后,我们似乎看到了一个失落怅惘的独行者。但是无论时间的车轮如何转动,都难掩庄子思想的耀眼光辉。 关键词:道; 逍遥; 物化; 安命; 生死观 II Abstract "Zhuangzi" Inner Chapters cover freedom, Equality of Things, health master, Man in the World, Germany fully comply, Grandmaster Zhuangzi thought, be the king in seven parts. "Zhuangzi", "Dao" is the highest concept, born innately Creator. Zhuangzi Inner Chapters direct description of the "Dao" is little, but there is no doubt that all of Zhuangzi's argument and fables are in accordance with the “Dao” and hair, and eventually return to the " Dao ". This is the main line of the "Zhuangzi" Inner Chapters, the main line runs through these seven together to form a continuum. Although the seven chapters are not arranged in strict logical order, but this does not affect our understanding of Zhuangzi thought and absorption. In addition to the " Dao ", the important concept of "freedom", "natural", "safe life", "materialization"are also the important concepts. These concepts are from the " Dao "of Zhuangzi used to better illustrate the " from " ,these concepts are the general and the individual's relationship with the"Dao". Special times and social backgrounds build a source of Zhuangzi thought .Zhuangzi thought has a soul-stirring courage and casual elegant romantic. The escape straight into the sky open people's vision much to enhance the ideological level; materialized on the differences and connections of the things in the world with a new perspective, no longer blindly adhere to the closed past active people's ideas; health master, Man in the World, Germany fully comply, Grandmaster, emperors mainly include two aspects of social philosophy and philosophy of life, of course, which is no absolute dividing line, but with each other and through the. Social philosophy consist primarily of daily life, as two political country, "life safety", "with the king at the" Governance political conduct analysis; life philosophy major exposition Zhuangzi's life and death concept, Zhuangzi is in accordance with the "Dao" hair, Dao " is in harmony with nature, the so Zhuangzi conception of death is follow natural conception of death: life and death are two aspects of a process, rather than completely separate; life and death are the result of the materialization of, you do not have to Lok Sang sad death, lack of raw joy, death lack of worry, but to look at things in the world of birth and death and circulation in a peaceful state of mind. The Zhuangzi flesh left helpless, sad world, but the spirit is the good fortune to travel free country Pleasures. The heavy flesh can not fly the Zhuangzi trapped in the earth; elegant spirit allows Zhuangzi leisurely adaptive was fugue "no - the town", III which is a "tear" of life, but also a Zhuangzi The sublimation life! The Zhuangzi thinking people think Zhuangzi seems to be a cold, aloof. Through the Zhuangzi layer coat, is not difficult to find, Chuang Tzu is a Raisin Xingqingzhongren to, and even to some extent is a rather fragile. Zhuangzi in order to protect their own inner freedom to interpret their own ideas may not use such a frustration of the law, this is the compromise between expediency the Zhuangzi and heavy world. Behind the classic, we seem to see a lost wistful loner. No matter how to turn the wheel of time, not conceal his the Zhuangzi thinking dazzling brilliance. Key words: Dao; freedom; materialization; satisfied life; life and death IV 目 录 前 言 ...........................................................................................1 第1章 境界论 .............................................................................3 1.1 小大之辩 ................................................................................................. 3 1.2 自我超越 ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 “道”的依归 .............................................................................................. 6 第2章 物化论 ........................................................................... 10 2.1 梦境的觉醒 .......................................................................................... 10 2.2 认识论 .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 争论的原因 ...................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 解决的途径 ..................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 评价 ................................................................................................. 15 第3章 社会哲学 ....................................................................... 17 3.1 “有用”与“无用”之争 .......................................................................... 17 3.1.1 自然层面 ......................................................................................... 17 3.1.2 社会层面 ......................................................................................... 18 3.1.3 “德”与“情” ....................................................................................... 19 3.2 处世之方 ............................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 何为“自然” ...................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 “安命”思想 ....................................................................................... 22 3.2.3 自救与救世 ..................................................................................... 25 3.2.3.1 自救„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„25 3.2.3.2 救世„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„27 第4章 生命哲学 ....................................................................... 31 4.1 生死之称 ............................................................................................... 31 4.1.1生死自然„ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31 4.1.2与道为一„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„32 4.2 现实关切 ............................................................................................... 33 结 语 ......................................................................................... 37 参考文献 .................................................................................... 38 附录 ........................................................................................... 40 致谢 ........................................................................................... 41