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旅游翻译Royal Tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty,Gongyi巩义北宋皇陵是中国中部地区最⼤的皇帝陵墓裙，位于郑州市西70公⾥的巩义市。
从公元960年起，北宋王朝历经九帝，⼋个皇帝均葬于此，现有座皇陵和⼤量⽯⼈、⽯兽是国家级重点⽂物保护单位。
It is the biggest royal tomb group in centural China. It is located in Gongyi City, 70kms west of Zhengzhou. From 960AD on, 9 kings and 8 emperors of the northern Song Dynasty were buried here. There are 8 emperorsi tombs and a lot of stone figures and animals. It is a state-level historical and cultural site.Grand Xianghuo Monastery, Kaifeng开封相国寺位于开封市中⼼，是著名的佛教寺院，建于北齐天宝六年，北宋时期，相国寺是全国佛教活动中⼼。
现保存有天王殿、⼤雄宝殿、⼋⾓琉璃殿、藏经楼、千⼿千眼佛等殿宇古迹。
Located in the center of Kaifeng, Grand Xiangguo Monastery, a famous Buddhist temple complex was built in the 6th year of Tianbao of the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-557). During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Monastry was the center of Buddhism in China. Now, there exists the Heavenly King Hall, Main Hall, the Octagonal Glazed Tile Hall, the Buddhist Scripture Tower and the 1000-eye and 1000-hand Buddha Hall.The Millennium City, Kaifeng开封清明上河园位于开封西北隅，以北宋画家张择端绘制的巨幅画卷《清明上河园》为蓝本，再现了《清明上河园》中所描绘的东京开封的繁华景象，是⼀座⼤型民俗公园。
弥勒殿
1988年10月，中国佛教协会会长赵朴初来寺考察，建议把雪窦寺建成弥勒道场。
弥勒殿别具一格，是1990年在原天王殿遗址上兴建。
殿高15.9米，宽28.7米，深23.2米，建筑面积745平方米。
根据民国二十二年（1934年）出版的《佛学辞典》“四大名山”条目载：“近有主张于四大名山外加奉化雪窦弥勒道场为五大名山者。
”而弥勒佛的原型——布袋和尚契此就出生于奉化长汀，在奉化岳林寺出家，因为他云游时经常带着一只布袋，人们叫他“布袋和尚”。
在他云游时，后面跟着一大堆孩子，他从布袋里拿出好东西给小孩吃，所以小孩很高兴跟着他，大人们见了也高兴，所以叫“皆大欢喜”。
他的肚子为什么特别大？因为弥勒佛大慈大悲，有求必应，肚量大，气量大，这样肚皮就慢慢地大了起来。
他“大肚能容，容世间难容诸事；开口常笑，笑天下可笑之人”。
布袋和尚在奉化岳林寺圆寂之前，说过这样四句偈语：“弥勒真弥勒，化身千百亿，时时示世人，世人自不识。
”其大意是：我是弥勒佛的化身，我每天对你善施，而你们却不认识我。
于是佛教界就认为他是真正的弥勒佛。
布袋和尚于梁贞明二年（公元916年）三月，在岳林寺东廊石头上坐化，圆寂后葬于奉化锦屏山的塔院，即著名的中塔禅寺。
佛教界称，弥勒佛继承释迦牟尼佛之位，掌管世界众生，因此又叫“未来佛”。
我们眼前的弥勒佛，慈眉善目，笑口常开，已非印度法相，完全是中国化的法相，不仅为佛门弟子、善男信女们喜爱，社会上的男女老少也亲近他、拥戴他。
这千余尊小弥勒像神态各异，错落有致，是弥勒佛的各种法相，也反映了高超的佛教造像艺术。
Temple Qingyun in Mountain Dinghu[Garden] –[Stone Torri & Step Path] –[Maitreya Hall] –[Gate of Temple] –[Heavenly Guardian Hall] –[Main Buddha Hall] –[East Hall] –[Monks’Dining-hall] – [Middle Halls] – [Rear Halls][Introduction]Good morning, everyone! I am very glad to meet my friends from afar!Today we are going to visit the famous Mountain Dinghu and the well-known Temple Qingyun built there.First of all, allow me to give you a general introduction to the mountain and the temple before we have a close look at them.Mountain Dinghu is located 18 kilometers northeast of Zhaoqing City, 86 kilometers away from Guangzhou. It is next to the Tropic of Cancer. The mountain is seated, to be exact, in 23 degrees 8 minutes north latitude, and 112 degrees 35 minutes east longitude. As it lies in the transition area of the subtropical zone, the mountain boasts pleasant climate, flush rainfall and luxuriant forests.A favorable place like this attracts Buddhists to settle in. as early as Tang Dynasty in the 7th century (that is, the years between 676 and 679), Buddhist Zhichang had a temple called Baiyun Temple built there. Later another 36 temples were erected nearby. They are affiliated to his temple. Buddhist Zhichang is also called Chan Master Zhichang. He is a disciple of Liuzu Huineng, the sixth founder of Zen (Chan) Buddhism. A visit to the relics today would give you a hint about how grand these temples used to be.Temple Qingyun, the one we are going to enter, was first built in the late Ming Dynasty, but it was named Temple Lotus (or Lianhuaan) at that time. The Zen Sect, one of the dominations of Buddhism, was and is its main school. Pure Land Sect and Vinaya School were and are also practiced there.In 1982, the Star Lake district, where Mountain Dinghu is located, was listed bythe State Council as one of the 44 major national scenic spots. One year later, Temple Qingyun entered the list of the 142 key temples in China.Among those big name people who visited the Temple and left their calligraphic work and paintings there are Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Taiyan (a learned scholar in late Qing Dynasty), and Gao Jianfu (a modern artist). Besides, generals like Ye Jianying, Zhu De and He Long, former President Jiang Zemin, former Premier Zhu Rongji have been to the temple.In and around the temple are Buddhas, sacred relics, gardens with Chinese characteristics and other things typical of China. Now let’s go and find out if this famed temple in a noted mountain impresses you guys.[Garden]We are now in the garden of Temple Qingyun. Here is one of the “Top Ten Charms of Mountain Dinghu”, named Fangchi Yueyin in Chinese. It means that “the moon is invited in the square pond”. But it’s not the right timing. Well, if we cast a look at the stone handrails around the pond, we will see 24 cameos. Each tells you a story. Do you want me to explain them in a few words?[Stone Torri & Step Path]Here we come to the Stone Torii. It serves as the main gate to Temple Qingyun. On its façade are four Chinese characters “Lingnan Mingcha”. That is, “Famous Temple in South China”. On its back are another four, “Yunding Shengjing”. In English, they mean “Charm of Mountain Dinghu”. These two phrases emphasize the role Temple Qingyun places in Buddhism, and its richness in sightseeing resources.Could I call your attention to the Step Path? In its middle is a carved stone of clouds and dragon. Its two sides stand two marble pillars. You can also see carcings and pillars like these in Imperial Palaces, right? I guess you have some idea about the importance of Temple Qingyun.[Maitreya Hall]In front of us is Buddha Maitreya. It’s not difficult to recognize him, as he is always wearing a big smile. On his two sides are 20 guarding gods. Each has his own super power.The gate here leads you to the main part of Temple Qingyun. What is on the gate is called Duilian, that is, a couplet in English. The first line tells us that although Temple Qingyun has been through ups and downs, yet its believers come to worship in great numbers; the second line conjures up a mental picture. In the picture the valley echoes the splashing of water coming from crystal-clear spring water and waterfalls. Can you read out its symbolic meaning?[Heavenly Guardian Hall]Please look up at the red vertical plaque on the screen. The seven Chinese characters read like “Chici Wanshou Qingyunsi”. It is the title of the temple issued by the then Empress Dowager Ci Xi. She showed her respect for this sacred temple.Behind the screen, we can see one of the temple guardians, Weito.[Main Buddhas’ Hall]The Main Buddhas’ Hall here has its own features. You see, besides the statues of the Trinity Buddhas, there are two inner rooms. The one on the right is to worship ancestors: the initial founder Damo, the fifth Hongren, and the sixth Huineng; the other one on the left is to worship Buddha Qie Lan. They are guardians of the temple. Their names are Guanyu, Anathapizdika, and Huaguang from left to right.Generally speaking, temples of the Pure-Land School have the Trinity Buddhas as Dipamkara, Sakyamuni and Maitreya while temples of Zen (Chan) Sect or the Vinaya School choose to worship Bhaisayaguru, Sakyamuni and Amitabha as its Trinity Buddhas.If you have a closer look at the Trinity Buddhas here in Temple Qingyun, you can see Amitabha, Sakyamuni and Maitreya from left to right. Such a combination differs this temple from others. Temple Qingyun is open to have Buddhas from Chan, Pureness and Vinaya since it was established.[East Hall]Now we’ve come to the East Hall. This is a particularly sacred place because four sariras are placed here. Sarira, or holy relic is believed to be able to protect the temple and mountain by warding off evil spirits.[Monks’ Dining-Hall]Does this room look like a dining room? That’s right. We are now at the Monk’s Dining Hall. The vegetable dishes of Temple Qingyun are well-known, and the most popular dish is called “Dinghu Shang Su”.Well, how can we skip a look at this huge wok? It adds one more treasure to the temple. Cast in 18th century, the wok is said to have been used to cook for as many as a thousand monks.[Middle Halls]From east to west on this floor are palaces and halls. Here is Buddhistic Palace. It is used to worship Buddha Amogha-siddhi. According to the Buddhist Scripture, Amogha-siddhi is the Buddha that promises people success and his promise never fall short. An interesting palace, right?Next is Ancestral Hall. In the middle sits Buddha Vairocana. His name means universal illumination. On the left is Manjusi Bodhisattva. He represents wisdom. On the right is Samantabhadra Bodhisattva. He is the guardian of truth. At the rear is Cundi. She is one of the incarnations of Guanyin Bodhisattva (Goddess of Mercy). Her name “Cundi”means purity. It is believed that she is able to extend human’s natural life and ward off disasters.Double-tree Hall holds a gigantic sleeping Buddha. He is the image of Sakyamuni in nirvana.Worshipped in Seven-Buddha Hall is Buddha Sakyamuni and his six companions.The Hall of Arhats in the west sits 500 Arhats. Could you afford the time tocount one by one?[Palaces and Halls at the rear]The highest shrine is situated at the top of Temple Qingyun. From west to east, you can see Sandalwood Forest, Master Rong-rui’s Memorial Hall, Buddhist Teaching Hall, Abbot Hall, Buddhist Origin Hall, Stupa Palace, Three-saint Shine and Second Generation Ancestral Hall etc. I have no time to describe each of them, but I would say a few words about some of them.The origin of Master Rong-rui’s Memorial Hall can be traced back to a sad story when he then China and Japan had cultural exchanges in the year of 733 AD. That is, 21 years after the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, to be exact. A Japanese monk named Rong-rui from Kofukuji Temple, Nara, was commissioned to China to seek Dharma. After overcoming various kinds of hardships, he finally succeeded in inviting Chinese eminet monks like Daorui from Luoyang and Jianzhen from Yangzhou to spread Buddhism in Japan. But he got caught in the bad weather during his voyages and journeys to and fro between Japan and China. Rong-rui is widely respected for his contribution to Sino-Japan cultural exchanges. He was nicknamed as ocean-crossing Japanese monk, or Monk of Tang Dynasty as he introduced Buddhist sultra, medical science, arts, architecture and classic works from China to Japan.A common temple does not have any Pragoda Palace, but Temple Qingyun has one. Inside this Palace sit Medicine Buddha Ksitigarbha, and a thousand Hands and Eyes Buddha Avaloktieshvara.Here in Three-saint Shrine are Buddha Amitabha, Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva and Mahasthamaprata.Buddhist Origin Hall is used to worship Master Xi-he, the first monk who came to this Mountain to explore.So much for today’s formal introduction. Please feel free to tell me if you want to know more.鼎湖庆云寺【花园区】——【牌坊、蹬道】——【弥勒殿】——【护法殿】——【大雄宝殿】——【东偏殿】——【斋堂】——【中进诸殿堂】——【后进诸殿堂】在广东能将名山与名寺聚在一起的，就是我们现在前去游览的鼎湖山与庆云寺了。
P24 UNIT 11. 故宫也称紫禁城，位于北京市的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。
Located in the center of Beijing，the Former Imperial Palace，also known as the Purple Forbidden City，was the royal palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties。
2. 天安门广场位于北京市的中轴线上，是北京的标志性建筑。
Located on the center axis of Beijing，the Tiananmen Square is the symbolic architecture of Beijing。
3. 颐和园是清朝皇家用的避暑行宫，是中国现存规模最大、保存最为完好的古代园林建筑。
Being a summer resort of the Qing royal family，the Summer Palace is the most intact，the best preserved and the largest of its kind of the classical gardens in China。
P47 UNIT 24. 五台山是中国四大佛教名山，文殊菩萨的道场。
Mount Wutaishan is one of the four famous Buddhist Mountains in China，where Manjusri Bodhisattva performed the Buddhist rites。
5. 云冈石窟是中国三大石窟群，位于大同市以西约15公里。
Yungang grottoes，one of the three major cave clusters in China，is located about 15 kilometers west of Datong city。
旅游翻译一．旅游翻译的特点1．增添1）林边有一个洞，叫白龙洞。
传说《白蛇传》的白娘子曾经在这里修炼。
Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White，the 1egendary heroine of “The Story of the White Snake”，cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine.2）太平宫位于崂山东部的上苑山北麓，初名太平兴国院，是赵匡胤为华盖真人刘若拙建的道场之一。
Taipinggong Temle is located at the northern foot of Mount Shangyuan，east of Laoshan Mountain. Its original name was “The Garden of Taiping Xingguo”，one of the Taoist temples built for Liu Ruozhuo（his religious name was Huagai）by Zhao Kuangyin，the founder of the Song Dynasty（960—1127）．2．删改1）湛山寺山门一对石狮子，雕凿精细。
寺外建有“药师琉璃光如来宝塔”，简称“药师塔”。
In front of the gate of Zhanshansi Temple stand a pair of exquisitely carved stone lions. By the side of the temple there stands the Yaoshita Pagoda（the Druggist Pagoda）．2）刘备章武三年病死。
Liu Bei，Emperor Zhaolie of the Kindom of Shu Han（221一263），one of the three kingdoms，died of i11ness in 223.注意：删改不能损伤原文的意思，只是牺牲个别可能使外国游客费解的内容，而原文的主要思想意思不变。
Hall of Maitreya Buddha
The Hall of Maitreya Buddha, unique in its style, was built in 1990 on the old site of Tian Wang Dian or Hall of Four Gods. In A Dictionary of Buddhism published in 1934, under the entry "Four Sacred Buddhist Temples", there is such a record: “Recently some people claimed that Xuedou Temple, where Maitreya Buddha had practiced Buddhism, should be included in the Sacred Buddhist Temples and thus it should be one of the Five Sacred Holy Buddhist Temples.” The popular image of Maitreya Buddha was modeled after Qici, a monk who was born in Changting Village of Fenghua and started practicing Buddhism in Yuelin Temple of Fenghua. He is known as “Cloth Bag Monk” for he often carried a cloth bag on the back when he roamed around the country as a general practice of a monk. Story has it that wherever he went, he was followed by groups of kids and he always had the bag full of nibbles for them. So children were happy at the sight of him and so were their parents. That is why folks called him “Bu ddha of Happiness”. In the eye of the people, the Buddha has an extraordinarily large belly. That is because his belly has to be so large for it contains infinite compassion, mercy, tolerance, generosity and large-mindedness. As the saying goes, the infinite mercy in his big belly enables him to be tolerant for all that ordinary people of the world can not. For his large-mindedness, he always carries a smile on his face, as if he is smiling his tolerant smile at the ridicule of the people in this world. When he went to west in Yuelin Temple, the Cloth Bag Monk left behind four lines of a Buddhist hymn, whose English translation might be: “I am the incardination of Maitreya Buddha, having thousands of incardinate forms in this world. I show mercy to the world all the time but this world does not know who I am.” For these words he left behind, the Cloth Bag Monk has been acknowledged as the real incardination of Maitreya Buddha in the Buddhist circle. The Cloth Bag Monk passed away sitting on the bolder in the eastern corridor of Yuelin Temple and was buried in the Zhongta Temple on Jinping Mountain of Fenghua. According to Buddhism classics, Maitreya Buddha is the successor to Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, known as Buddha of the Future, in charge of all mortal beings of the world. What we see of Maitreya Buddha in Xuedou Temple is a Buddha that has a benevolent and kind look and a permanent smile on his face, the typical Chinese Buddha, an image far different from the original Indian Maitreya Buddha who was introduced into China. Maitreya Buddha is not only worshiped by Buddhists and devout men and women but also respected and loved by common people. In the Hall, the over one thousand little statues of Maitreya Buddha with different shapes and appearances are the different incardinate forms of Maitreya Buddha, and they are reflection of the superb Buddhist sculptural arts.。
