2000年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案

1996年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)section adirections: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.example: you will hear:you will read:a) 2 hours.b) 3 hours.c) 4 hours.d) 5 hours.from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. therefore, d) "5 hours" is the correct answer. you should choose [d] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]1. a) the flight has been canceled.b) the plane is late.c) the plane is late.d) the tickets for this flight have been sold out.2. a) he is not to blame.b) it was his fault.c) he will accept all responsibility.d) he will be more careful next time.3. a) the man is a forgetful person.b) the typewriter is not new.c) the man can have the typewriter later.d) the man misunderstood her.4. a) there will be heavy fog in all areas.b) there will be heavy rain by midnight.c) there will be heavy fog in the east.d) there will be fog in all areas by midnight.5. a) she's scornful.b) she's angry.c) she's sympathetic.d) she's worried.6. a) he likes the job of a dish-washer because it pays well.b) he thinks it's important to have a good job from the beginning.c) he hates to be a dish-washer because it's boring.d) he would work as a dish-washer in summer if he has to.7. a) she must learn to understand john's humor better.b) she enjoys john's humor a great deal.c) she doesn't appreciate john's humor.d) she thinks john is not funny enough.8. a) joan may have taken a wrong train.b) joan will miss the next conference.c) joan won't come to the conference.d) joan may be late for the opening speech.9. a) she has been dismissed for her poor performance.b) she has been fired by the company.c) she has been granted leave for one month.d) she has been offered a new job.10. a) it will last for two weeks.b) it has come to a halt.c) it will end before long.d) it will probably continue.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. a) she was an office worker.b) she was a physician.c) she was a cleaner.d) she was a social worker.12. a) because she could not sleep well at night.b) because she hoped to earn more money.c) because she could not find a daytime job.d) because she needed a change and a lighter job.13. a) she works six nights every fortnight.b) she does not take part in social activities in her working days.c) she has been a night nurse in a hospital for about 25 years.d) she is not satisfied with her present job.passage twoquestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have justheard.14. a) a small town in britain.b) a new type of jail.c) a labour camp.d) a big gymnasium in scotland.15. a) women criminals in scotland.b) criminals who are given long sentences.c) criminals who are given short sentences.d) criminals in scotland.16. a) the reward the prisoners get for their work.b) the comfortable accommodation.c) the way the prisoners are treated.d) the officers' sympathy for the prisoners.17. a) to give the prisoners more freedom.b) to help the prisoners keep their self-respect.c) to help the prisoners develop the sense of independence.d) to turn the prisoners into skilled workers.passage three[page]questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. a) on an airplane.b) near the terminal building.c) in a coach to the city.d) in the waiting room.19. a) near the airport hotel.b) at the travelers' information desk.c) outside the customs hall.d) in the center of the city.20. a) the departure tax they have to pay on their next international flight.b) the distance they have to travel from the airport to the city center.c) the prices the major hotels charge.d) the place where taxis are waiting to be hired.part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b) c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"-physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces. examining a culture's tolls and technology can tell us about the group's history and ways of life. similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. the most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. we cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph（留声机）was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the near east to china over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of near eastern influence to europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in europe, britain, and america, printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different song. besides, the ability to read music notation（乐谱）has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as whole.one more important part for music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. this is all part of the "information revolution," a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. these electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-music-cultures all over the globe.21. research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _______.a) it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyb) it can reflect the development of the nationc) it helps understand the nation's past and presentd) it can demonstrate the nation's civilization22. it can be learned from this passage that _______.a) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of near eastern and chinese music.b) near eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestrac) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of eastern and western musicd) the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of near eastern music23. according to the author, music notation is important because _____.a) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it[page]b) it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansc) it is the printed version of standardized folk musicd) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs24. it can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _______.a) has brought about an information revolutionb) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computesc) has given rise to new forms of music cultured) has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments25. which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?a) musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.b) music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.c) folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.d) the development of music culture is highly dependent onits material aspect.passage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:the question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world's great writers. before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another.opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. these definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. in general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. the struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy （占有）of areas free from meat-eating animals. those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to otherspecies. this struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. the essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. the successful nations grow and prosper（繁荣）; the unsuccessful decline. while it is true that this competition may induce effort to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.26. in the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _______.a) argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesb) smooth out the conflicts in human societiesc) distinguish between tow kinds of oppositiond) summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation27. according to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _______.a) it results in war in most casesb) it induces efforts to expand territoryc) it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesd) it is essentially a struggle for existence28. the phrase "function in the disservice of one another" (para.1, line 7) most probably means "________".[page]a) betray each otherb) harm one anotherc) help to collaborate with each otherd) benefit one another29. the author indicates in the passage that conflict _______.a) is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionb) reflects the struggle among social animalsc) is an opposition among individual social entitiesd) can be avoided30. the passage is probably intended to answer the question "_________".a) is war inevitable?b) why is there conflict and competition?c) is conflict desirable?d) can competition lead to conflict?passage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:as dr. samuel johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. the early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. but today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. they can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.computers imitate life. as computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. in another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.the opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. but drives can be programmed into the computer's brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of theequipment for survival.computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up.we are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. in the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.that does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man's flesh-and-blood descendants. the new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.31. what do you suppose was the attitude of dr. samuel johnson towards ladies preaching?a) he believed that ladies were born worse preachers than men.b) he was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.c) he disapproved of ladies preaching.d) he encouraged ladies to preach.32. today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of _______.a) decision makingb) drives and feelingsc) growth of reasoning powerd) information absorption33. in terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because _____.a) in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn't require such ability of the human brain.b) the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotionc) the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situationd) computers imitate life while the human brain does not imitate computers34. though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesn't mean that _______.a) computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life.b) human beings have lost control of computersc) the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass that of human beings.d) the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that of electronic brains.35. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true?[page]a) future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.b) some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.c) the reasoning power of computers ahs already surpassed that of man.d) future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.passage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use last december i bought myself a video cassette recorder (vcr) described as "simple to use". in the first three weeks i failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the tv, and after months of practice i still made mistakes. i am not alone. according to a survey last year by ferguson, the british manufacturer, more than one in four vcr owners never use the timer（定时器）on their machines to record a programme: they don't use it because they've found it far too hard to operate.so why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing vcrs that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious? first, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded （有技术思想的）designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work. secondly, designers tend to add one or two features as a time to each model, whereas you or i face all a machine's features at once. thirdly, although finding problems in a finished product is easy, it is too late by then to do anything about the design. finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products that are difficult to use, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improvements.some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. but that gives rise to the question, "why can't you have features that are easy to use?" the answer is you can.good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures andgeneral principles. for a start, designers should build an original model of the machine and try it out on typical members of the public-not on colleagues in the development laboratory. simple public trials would quickly reveal many design mistakes. in an ideal world, there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the vcr must be redesigned repeatedly until, say, 90 per cent of users can work 90 per cent of the features correctly 90 per cent of the time.36. the author had trouble operating his vcr because _______.a) he had neglected the importance of using the timerb) the machine had far more technical features than necessaryc) he had set about using it without proper trainingd) its operation was far more difficult than the designer intended it to be37. according to the author, manufacturers _________.a) should add more useful features to their machinesb) often fail to make their products easy to usec) should make their appliances as attractive as possibled) often fail to provide proper training in the use of their products38. it seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make improvements unless ________.a) they can do so as a very low costb) they find their machines hard to operatec) they have difficulty selling their productsd) they receive a lot of complaints about their machines39. according to the passage, before a vcr is sold on the market, its original model should be tried out _______.a) among ordinary consumers who are not technicallymindedb) among people who are technically mindedc) among experienced technicians and potential usersd) among people who are in charge of public relations40. one of the reasons why vcrs are so difficult to use is that _______.a) the designers are often insensitive to the o9perational complexities of their machinesb) the range of features provided is unlimitedc) there is no ideal way of controlling qualityd) their designers often ignore the complaints of their userspart iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.[page]41. the police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied _________ in the area on the night of the fire.a) to be b) to have beenc) having been d) be42. the schoolmaster ___________ the girl's bravery in his opening speech.a) applauded b) enhancedc) elevated d) clapped43. the place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case _________ to traffic.a) inadequate b) inaccessiblec) incompatible d) insignificant44. one of the requirements for a fire is that the material__________ to its burning temperature.a) is heated b) will be heatedc) be heated d) would be heated45. the secret agent concealed her real mission, therefore many local people were ________ into thinking that she was a good person.a) betrayed b) drivenc) deceived d) convinced46. why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _____ me.a) above b) outsidec) beside d) beyond47. when business is __________, there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.a) degraded b) depressedc) reduced d) lessened48. as far as the rank of position is concerned and associate professor is ________ to a professor though they are almost equally knowledgeable.a) attached b) subsidiaryc) previous d) inferior49. this book will show the readers __________ can be used in other contexts.a) how that they have observed b) that how they have observedc) how what they have observed d) that they have observed50. the plane __________, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.a) smashed b) crushedc) plunged d) crashed51. he believed that the greatest of his _______ was that he'd never had a college education.a) briefs b) misfortunesc) disasters d) sorrows52. __________ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.a) as b) sincec) provided d) while53. the local government leaders are making every effort to _______ the problem of poverty.a) abolish b) tacklec) remove d) encounter54. although asian countries are generally more ____________ in social customs than western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both china and india.a) conservative b) confidentialc) comprehensive d) consistent55. ___________ the claim about german economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the german economy actually is.a) to give b) givenc) giving d) having given56. although the two players are _________ in the tennis court, they are really good friends.a) partners b) enemiesc) rivals d) companions57. the girl was _______ a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.a) preliminarily b) presumablyc) formally d) formerly58. i don't think that this question is subordinate _________ the main aim of our company.a) with b) toc) for d) on59. while admitting that this forecast was ____________ uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolf.a) anyhow b) somewherec) somewhat d) anyway60. the united states is trying to ________ the serious problems created by the energy crisis.a) put up with b) submit toc) comply with d) cope with61. some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains _________.a) to be shown b) to have shownc) to have been shown d) being shown62. the economic crises in that country have threatened the _________ of the government.a) stability b) capabilityc) persistence d) permanence63. although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have _________ vision.a) vigorous b) exactc) acute d) vivid64. rebecca ___________ me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.a) told b) would tellc) had told d) would have told65. by moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, wecan _________ the surroundings.a) explore b) exposec) exploit d) expand66. the washington monument is a hollow shaft without a break _________ its surface except for the tiny entrance.a) in b) withc) from d) to[page]67. the traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man's ______, but in vain.a) mistake b) guiltc) fault d) defeat68. the world's greatest sporting event, the olympic games, upholds the amateur ideal that _________ matters is not winning but participating.a) anything b) itc) what d) everything69. very few scientists _________ completely new answers to the world's problems.a) come up with b) come outc) come round d) come up to70. the police are suspicious _________ his words because he already has a record.a) to b) atc) on d) ofpart iv error correction (15 minutes)directions: this part consists of a short passage. in this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. you may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. if you change a word, cross it out and write the correctword in the corresponding blank. if you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. if you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.example:television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.1. time/times/periodmany of the arguments having used for the study of literature.2. /___________as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________most studies suggest that when women and men do thesame job and have the same experience, pay rates tend to besimilar. most of the dollar differences stem from fact that 71. __________women tend to be more recently employed and have more 72. __________years on the job. whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors.73. __________first, will most of them continue part time at their jobs after 74. __________they have children? a break in their employment, or a decisionto work part time, will slow its raises and promotions- 75. __________because it would for men. second, will male-dominated 76. __________。

2002年1月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)section adirections: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. example: you will hear:you will read:a) 2 hours.b) 3 hours.c) 4 hours.d) 5 hours.from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the af ternoon. therefore, d) “5 hours” is the correct answer. you should choose [d] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]1. a) all the passengers were killed.b) the plane crashed in the night.c) no mo re survivors have been found.d) it’s too late to search for survivors.2. a) its results were just as expected.b) it wasn’t very well designed.c) it fully reflected the students’ability.d) its results fell short of her expectations.3. a) he believes dancing is enjoyable.b) he definitely does not like dancing.c) he admires those who dance.d) he won’t dance until he had done his work.4. a) his computer doesn’t work well.b) he isn’t getting along with his staff.c) he didn’t register for a proper course.d) he c an’t apply the theory to his program.5. a) reading on the campus lawn.b) depositing money in the bank.c) applying for financial aid.d) reviewing a student’s application.6. a) a new shuttle bus.b) a scheduled space flight.c) an airplane flight.d) the first space flight.7.a) the deadline is drawing near.b) she can’t meet the deadline.c) she turned in the proposals today.d) they are tow days ahead of time.8. a) by going on a diet.b) by having fewer meals.c) by doing physical exercise.d) by eating fruit and ve getables.9. a) he enjoyed it as a whole.b) he didn’t think much of it.c) he didn’t like it at all.d) he liked some parts of it.10. a) it looks quite new.b) it looks old, but it runs well.c) it needs to be repaired.d) its engine needs to be painted. section bdirections: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. passage onequestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. a) experience in negotiating.b) a high level of intelligence.c) the time they spend on preparation.d) the amount of pay they receive.. a) study the case carefully beforehand.b) stick to a set target.c) appear friendly to the other party.d) try to be flexible about their terms.13. a) make sure there is no misunderstanding.b) try to persuade by giving various reasons.c) repeat the same reasons.d) listen carefully and patiently to the other party. passage twoquestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. a) they eat huge amounts of food.b) they usually eat twice a day.c) they usually eat to their hearts’ content.d) they eat much less than people assume.15. a) when it is breeding.b) when it feels threatened by humans in its territory.c) when its offspring is threatened.d) when it is suffering from illness.16. a) they are not as dangerous as people think.b) they can be as friendly to humans as dogsc) they attack human beings by nature.d) they are really tame sea animals. passage threequestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. a) because people might haveto migrate there someday.b) because it is very much like the earth.c) because it is easier to explore than other planets.d) because its atmosphere is different from that of theearth.[page]18. a) its chemical elements must be studied.b) its temperature must be lowered.c) big spaceships must be built.d) its atmosphere must be changed.19. a) it influences the surface temperature of mars.b) it protects living beings from harmful rays.c) it keeps a planet from overheating.d) it is the main component of the air people breathe.20. a) man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.b) scientists are rather pessimistic about it.c) man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years’ time.d) scientists are opti mistic about overcoming the difficulties soon. part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b) c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. no surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like lexus, bmwand audi. but it is a developing technology — meaning prices should eventually drop — and the market does seem to be growing.even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. it can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions — spoken by a clear human- sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.the computer works with an antenna (天线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (gps) satellites. by measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car’s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.the satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. this information is combined with a map database. streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.most systems are basically identical. the differences come in hardware — the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. on most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. but the lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directionsto it.bmw’s system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. audi’s screen can be switched to tv reception.even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like bmw’s and lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. the instructions are available in french, german, spanish, dutch and italian, as well as english. the driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.21. we learn from the passage that navigation computers ________.a) will greatly promote sales of automobilesb) may help solve potential traffic problemsc) are likely to be accepted by more driversd) wills soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury22. with a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination ________.a) by inputting the exact addressb) by indicating the location of his carc) by checking his computer databased) by giving vocal orders to the computer23. despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars ________.a) are more or less the same priceb) provide directions in much the same wayc) work on more or less the same principlesd) receive instructions from the same satellites24. the navigation computer functions________.a) by means of a direction finder and a speed detectorb) basically on satellite signals and a map databasec) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directions[page]d) by using a screen to display satellite signals25. the navigation systems in cars like lexus, bmw and audi are mentioned to show ________.a) the immaturity of the new technologyb) the superiority of the global positioning systemc) the cause of price fluctuations in car equipmentd) the different ways of providing guidance to the driver passage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:“the world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. discuss.” if that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. the list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. the surprise is how good things are, not how bad.after all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same wayas they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.but they don’t. the reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. that is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. what has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. for this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. the same is true for food. prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. but they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. the long- term trend has been downwards.it is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trendbegins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. if no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this. 26. according to the author, most students ________.a) believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable conditionb) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to bec) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environmentd) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment27. the huge increase in world production and population ________.a) has made the world a worse place to live inb) has had a positive influence on the environmentc) has not significantly affected the environmentd) has made the world a dangerous place to live in28. one of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that ________.a) technological innovation can promote social stabilityb) political instability will cause consumption to dropc) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproductiond) new sources are always becomingavailable29. fish resources are diminishing because ________.a) no new substitutes can be found in large quantitiesb) they are not owned by any particular entityc) improper methods offishing have ruined the fishing groundsd) water pollution is extremely serious30. the primary solution to environmental problems is ________.a) to allow market forces to operate properly[page]b) to curb consumption of natural resourcesc) to limit the growth of the world populationd) to avoid fluctuations in prices passage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: about the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.some thought it was unfair to minority children. through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.however, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in california claiming that the state’s ban on iq testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (they believed, correctly, that iq tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) the judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially, his original decision.and so the argument goes on and on. does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? we have always been on the side ofpermitting, even facilitating, such testing. if a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.what school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. it is not discriminative to evaluate either a chi ld’s physical condition or his intellectual level.unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. the same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. it was considered discriminative not to do so.and then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. it is hard to say what are the best procedures. but surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.as to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question. 31. why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?a) its validity was challenged by many communities.b) it was considereddiscriminative against minority children.c) it met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.d) it deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.32. the recent legal action taken by some black parents in california aimed to ________.a) draw public attention to iq testingb) put an end to special educationc) remove the state’s ban on intelligence testsd) have their children enter white schools33. the author believes that intelligence testing ________.a) may ease racial confrontation in the united statesb) can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenc) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the united statesd) can help black parents make decisions abut their children’s education34. the author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that ________.a) no rules whatsoever can be prescribedb) white families should adopt black childrenc) adoption should be based on iq test resultsd) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated35. child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ________.a) good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsb) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenc) intelligence testing also applies tonon-academic areasd) american opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues passage fourquestions 36 to 40 are basedon the following passage: not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. however, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. it seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. but, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. it does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.[page]even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms ofstress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. however, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.these findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. if neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. moreover, as wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). for instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 36. which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?a) two contrasting views are presented.b) an argument is examined andpossible solutions given.c) research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.d) a detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.37. according to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents ________.a) did not have the same interests as their neighborsb) could not develop long-standing relationshipsc) tended to be associated with bad behaviord) usually had more friends38. one of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors ________.a) disrupt people’s natural relationsb) make them worry about crimec) cause them not to show concern for one anotherd) cause them to be suspicious of each other39. it can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________.a) the better its quality of lifeb) the more similar its interestsc) the more tolerant and open-minded it isd) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress40. what is the passage mainly about?a) similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.b) advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small town.c) the positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.d) the strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants. part iii vocabulary and structure (20minutes)directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 41. the lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of______.a) impulse b) insanityc) inspiration d) disposition42. the prime minister was followed by five or six ______ when he got off the plane.a) laymen b) servantsc) directors d) attendants43. there is no doubt that the ______ of these goods to the others is easy to see.a) prestige b) superiorityc) priority d) publicity44. all the guests were invited to attend the wedding ______ and had a very good time.[page]a) feast b) congratulationsc) festival d) recreation45. the price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______ are.a) payments b) chargesc) funds d) prices46. the manager gave her his ______ that her complaint would be investigated.a) assurance b) assumptionc) sanction d) insurance47. although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ______.a) temperament b) contaminationc) scrutiny d) symmetry48. we aredoing this work in the ___ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.a) context b) contestc) pretext d) texture49. while a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.a) a distinction b) a breakthroughc) an identification d) an interpretation50. doctors are often caught in a ________ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.a) puzzle b) perplexityc) dilemma d) bewilderment51. to ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.a) commend b) memorizec) propagate d) commemorate52. his successful negotiations with the americans helped him to ________ his position in the government.a) contrive b) consolidatec) heave d) intensify53. please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.a) distracted b) disregardedc) irritated d) intervened54. once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon as possible.a) rectify b) reclaimc) refrain d) reckon55. he wouldn’t answer the reporters’ questions, nor would he ________ for a photograph.a) summon b) highlightc) pose d) marshal56. the club will ________ new members the first week in september.a) enroll b) subscribec)absorb d) register57. if you don’t ________ the children properly, mr. chiver, they’ll just run riot.a) mobilize b) warrantc) manipulate d) supervise58. already the class is________ about who our new teacher will be.a) foreseeing b) speculatingc) fabricating d) contemplating59. we should________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.a) dedicate b) caterc) ascribe d) cling60. just because i’m ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.a) redundant b) trivialc) versatile d) subordinate61. many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.a) sceptical b) stationaryc) spacious d) specific62. depression is often cause by the ________ effects of stress and overwork.a) total b) increasedc) terrific d) cumulative63. a human’s eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.a) eccentric b) acutec) sensible d) sensitive64. it is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.a) abrupt b) absurdc) adverse d) addictive65. shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.a) feasible b) appropriatec) apt d) fitting66. we’ll be very careful and keep what you’ve told us strictly ________.a) rigorous b) confidentialc) private d) mysterious67. the members of parliament were ________ that thegovernment had not consulted them.a) impatient b) tolerantc) crude d) indignant68. some american colleges arestate-supported, others are privately ________, and still others are supported by religious organizations.a) ensured b) attributedc) authorized d) endowed69. the prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.a) intervened b) incurredc) provoked d) poked70. many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other ________.a) drawbacks b) handicapsc) bruises d) blunders part iv error correction (15 minutes)directions: this part consists of a short passage. in this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. you may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. if you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. if you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. if you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.[page]example: television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/periodmany of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. ／___________as a school subject are valid for ∧ study oftelevision. 3. the___________ sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. viewing biologically, the modern s1. __________footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. his killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. if his aim is inaccurate and he s2. __________scores a goal, enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. to understand how this transformation has taken place we s3. __________must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. they spent over a s4. __________million year evolving as co-operative hunters. their very survival s5. __________depended on success in the hunting-field. under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radicaily s6. __________changed. they became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. they co-operate as skillful male-group s7.__________attackers. then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely s8. __________long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning (把s9. __________……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating their prey. the food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. the risks and uncertainties of farmingwere no longer essential for survival. s10.__________ part v writing (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: a letter to the university president about the canteen service on campus you should write at least 0 words, and base your composition on the outline given in chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

1994年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A)，B)，C), and D) and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. Youshould choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) At home.B) In a phone box.C) In her office.D) In a friend’s house.（D）2.A) On the west side of a square.B) At the end of a street.C) To the east of the traffic light.D) On the east side of a square.（D）3.A) She has to change the time for the trip.B) She hasn’t decided where to go next month.C) She can’t afford the time for the trip.D) She will manage to leave this month.（A）4.A) The apartment is better furnished.B) She prefers to live in a quiet place.C) It’s less expensive to live in an apartment.D) She finds her roommates difficult to get along with.（B）5.A) In a hospital.B) In a library.C) In a travel agency.D) In a restaurant.（C）6.A) Customer and salesperson.B) Teacher and student.C) Boss and secretary.D) Guest and waitress.（C）7.A) He didn’t buy anything.B) He got some medicine for his foot.C) He was sick and couldn’t go shopping.D) He bought everything except the football.（A）8.A) Teachers like Professor Janson are rare.B) Professor Janson has won a million dollars.C) Professor Janson is lucky to be teaching at that school.D) There are many teachers as good as Professor Janson.（A）9.A) She didn’t know her daughter could sing so well.B) She sings better than her daughter.C) She doesn’t like her daughter.D) She herself doesn’t have a good voice.（D）10.A) He finds history books difficult to understand.B) He has to read a lot of history books.C) He doesn’t like the history course.D) He has lost his history book.（B）Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) At night.B) At noon.C) In the morning.D) In the afternoon.（C）12.A) About Germans on strike.B) About a new-type airplane.C) About an air crash.D) About rescue workers in UK Motors.（C）13.A) They wanted higher pay.B) They wanted fewer working hours.C) They wanted better working conditions.D) They wanted an annual three-week holiday.（B）14.A) Rainy.B) Warm.C) Cold.D) Changeable.（D）Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A) He has always lived in America.B) He has been in America for three years.C) He visited America three years ago.D) He has come to America to do research on advertising.（B）16.A) There were far more advertisements there than he had expected.B) The advertisements there were well designed.C) The advertisements there were creative and necessary.D) He found the advertisements there difficult to understand.（A）17.A) Be more careful about what they advertise.B) Spend less money on advertising.C) Advertise more for their products.D) Use new advertising techniques.（A）Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) He is always in a hurry.B) He is quick in making decisions.C) He is always the first to arrive at the airport.D) He usually doesn’t get the reward he deserves.（D）19.A) He misses his flight.B) He can find a good seat.C) He leaves the airport first at the end of the trip.D) His luggage comes out last.（C）20.A) He was told to board the wrong plane.B) He was not allowed to board the plane.C) He arrived at the airport without a ticket.D) He found it difficult to explain why he arrived so early.（A）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae (幼虫). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought (干旱) in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps (小虾) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United States where shade temperatures of over 50C are often recorded.The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch (孵化). Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimetre to a length of about 1.5 centimetres.Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3centimetre long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the thirteenth day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake: in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another years, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this case, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.21.W hich of the following is the MOST distinctive feature of Mojave shrimps?A) Their lives are brief.B) They feed on plant and animal organisms.C) Their eggs can survive years of drought.D) They lay their eggs in the mud.（C）22.B y saying “for the shrimps it is a race against time” (Para. 3, line2) the author means ________.A) they have to swim fast to avoid danger in the rapidly evaporating lakeB) they have to swim fast to catch the animal organisms on which they surviveC) they have to multiply as many as possible within thirteen daysD) they have to complete their life cycle within a short span of time permitted by the environment（D）23.T he passage mainly deals with ________.A) the life span of the Mojave shrimpsB) the survival of desert shrimpsC) the importance of water to lifeD) life in the Mojave Desert（B）24.T he word “dormant” (Para. 4, Line 3) most probably means ________.A) inactiveB) strongC) alertD) soft（A）25.I t may be inferred from the passage that ________.A) appearance and size are most important for life to survive in thedesertB) a species must be able to multiply quickly in order to surviveC) for some species one life cycle in a year is enough to survive the desert droughtD) some species develop a unique life pattern to survive in extremely harsh conditions（D）Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lilian Hellman’s words, they have “the wisdom that comes with age that we can’t make use of. “Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism (缺勤), perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep it moves in,” according to Tish Sommers, director of aspecial study on older women for the National Organization for Women.Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. “This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesn’t lose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.26.A fter the age of 40, ________.A) most workers are tired of their present jobsB) many workers tend to stick their present jobsC) people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD) people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs（B）27.F rom Heilman’s remark, we can see that ________.A) full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB) the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC) older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD) the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society （C）28.T ish Sommers argues that ________.A) older women find it hard to escape povertyB) older women usually perform better in their jobsC) the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD) more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism（A）29.A ccording to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans ________.A) have more job opportunities than young peopleB) live below the poverty lineC) have new opportunities to remain active in societyD) no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement （C）30.I t can be concluded from the passage that the writer ________.A) calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB) believes that value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC) attempts to justify the youth-oriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD) argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70（B）Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally—or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That’s up to you.A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classroom, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to bothacademic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.31.A ccording to the writer, personal discoveries ________.A) will give one encouragement and directionB) are helpful in finding the right informationC) are the most valuable part of one’s personal educationD) will help one to successfully complete school assignments（C）32.I t can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances ________.A) to fully develop one’s personal abilitiesB) to use the skills learnt in the classroomC) to prove that one is a productive writerD) to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment （A）33.F rom the context, the word “disconcerting” (Para. 3, Line 2) most probably means ________.A) misleadingB) embarrassingC) stimulatingD) upsetting（B）34.T he writer argues in the passage that ________.A) one should explore new areas in researchB) one should trust one’s own ability to meet course requirementsC) one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burdenD) one should use all one’s knowledge and skills when doing research（C）35.W hat will probably follow this passage?A) How to write a research paper.B) The importance of research in education.C) How to make new discoveries for oneself.D) The skill of putting pieces of information together.（A）Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”—feeling important and worth-while-and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical.Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You chose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—What’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem (自尊), a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimensions, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism (乐观). It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. Inour study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.A woman’s well-being is enhanced (增进) when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles-marriages, motherhood, and employment were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.36.I t can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.A) for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”B) for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”C) women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same timeD) a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to women（D）37.T he author’s attitude towards women having a career is ________.A) criticalB) positiveC) neutralD) realistic（B）38.O ne can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ________.A) it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB) she will be more successful in her careerC) her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD) her life will be richer and more meaningful（D）39.Which of the following can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for women?A) Family lifeB) Regular employmentC) Multiple roles in societyD) Freedom from anxiety（A）40.T he most appropriate title for the passage would be ________.A) The well-being of Career WomenB) Sources of Mastery and PleasureC) Two Aspects of Women’s Well-BeingD) Freedom Roles Women in Society（C）Part III V ocabulary and Structure (35 minutes)41.H e has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A) gone onB) gone in forC) gone withD) gone through with（B）42.O f all the soldiers they had the ________ of being the fiercest, the most patriotic, the toughest.A) recognitionB) reservationC) recreationD) reputation（D）43.W hy didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I ________ it from the bank.A) haven’t needed to borrowB) will not need to borrowC) needn’t have borrowedD) didn’t need to borrow（C）44.A dvanced computer technology has ________ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.A) set upB) come up withC) filled withD) faced up to（B）45.I stared into the blackness and wondered if he was as aware of my presence as ________.A) I was of hisB) I was of himC) I did of himD) I did of his（A）46.T hey are sure they have all the facts they need to ________ the existence of a black hole.A) obtainB) maintainC) verifyD) display（C）47.T he new tourist hotel will have ________ for more than one thousand people.A) convenienceB) accommodationsC) capabilityD) capacities（B）48.M edical doctors sometimes can make mistakes that will cost ________.A) patients their livesB) patient livesC) patients for their livesD) patients with their lives（A）49.H e had been completely exhausted but felt considerably ________ after a meal and a rest.A) renewedB) recreatedC) reshapedD) refreshed（D）50.H is intelligence and experience will enable him to ________ the complicated situation.A) cope withB) settle downC) intervene inD) interfere with（A）51.A t last she left her house and got to the airport, only ________ the plane flying away.A) having seenB) to have seenC) sawD) to see（D）52.H e obviously displays a great ________ for some of your poems.A) consentB) admirationC) respectD) pleasure（B）53.T his law ________ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus.A) intending to reduceB) intends reducingC) intended reducingD) is intended to reduce（D）54.T he fire must have ________ after the staff had gone home.A) broken downB) broken upC) broken outD) broken off（C）55.H umidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to ________ it.A) maintainB) persistC) endureD) sustain（C）56.T he sight of a sick horse being driven along the streets of the village remained ________ him for weeks.A) ofB) onC) toD) with（D）57.A series of border incidents would ________ lead the two countries to war.A) inevitablyB) consistentlyC) uniformlyD) persistently（A）58.T hey tried to restrict access to ________ they believed to be dangerous areas.A) whatB) whichC) thatD) everywhere（D）59.I f each manager makes his usual speech, the meeting will be ________ for forty-five minutes.A) expandedB) prolongedC) delayedD) exceeded（B）60.I t was only after some progress ________ in the use and development of electric current that men began to realize theimportance and possibilities of magnetism.A) was madeB) would have been madeC) has been madeD) had been made（B）61.T he weatherman broadcasts the ________ in temperature twicea day.A) diversionB) variationC) varietyD) modification（B）62.I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived ________ it.A) ofB) offC) fromD) with（C）63.A nimals can become unusually ________ when they are upset by a sudden environmental change.A) puzzledB) predominantC) vigorousD) aggressive（D）64.I n no circumstances can more work be got out of a machine than ________.A) is put into itB) to put it into itC) to be put into itD) that puts into it（A）65.T he winning team loudly ________ its victory.A) magnifiedB) proclaimedC) signifiedD) exclaimed（D）66.L ast year, these ships transported a total of 83.34 million tons of cargo, a 4.4 per cent increase ________ the previous year.A) overB) thanC) upD) beyond（A）67.W ith an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ________ for the nineteenth-century factory workers.A) hostileB) anxiousC) tediousD) obscure（C）68.T he Second World War, ________ the earlier one of 1914, promoted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country’s human resources.A) so asB) as wereC) as didD) same as（C）69.L ouis was asked to ________ the man who stole her purse.A) confirmB) recognizeC) claimD) identify（D）70.T he bus that ________ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.A) held backB) pulled upC) got downD) set forth（B）Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage,there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:╱. 1.Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periodstime/times/period╱used for the study of literature as 2. Many of the arguments having_______\_______a school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3.______the______When we consider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the working man in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even hard. At the beginning of the (71) nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. (72) The working man had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that their children would have (73) nothing better. There were no public schools, and besides, the few (74) pennies which thechildren could earn needed to help support the (75) family, if he was present because of sickness, there was often no (76) job from him when he returned. Since there were always plenty of (77) other workers to take his job, he was likely to be hired if he asked (78) for more pay.Viewed against today’s standards, the attitude of the nineteenth-century factory owners seems incredible. They believed that was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply (79) as possible, make them to work as they could and, when (80) they became inefficient, worn out, or unable to work for any reason, discharge them.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.科学技术是社会发展所不可缺少的2.社会科学和自然科学相互渗透3.现代大学生需要广博的知识Remember to write your composition coherently and neatly.Part IPart IIPart IIISection A1.M: Please hold the line, Mrs. Smith. The doctor will talk to you in a minute.W: I’m afraid I may have to hang up. I don’t have any more coins and the line will be cut soon.Q: Where is Mrs. Smith most probably?2.M: Excuse me, but could you show me the way to the train station?W: Certainly. Go straight until you reach the traffic light, then turn left and you will see a square. The station is on the east side of it.Q: Where is the train station located?3.M: You’re going to make a trip to San Francisco, aren’t you?W: Yes. But I haven’t got the plane ticket yet. I’m thinking of postponing the trip to next month since this is the busiest month for the airlines.Q: What do we know about the woman from this conversation?4.M: I hear you are moving to an apartment. Can you tell me why?W: Actually, I didn’t want to move. It would be more expensive to live outside the college. But I just can’t bear the noise made by the people living next door.Q: Why does the woman want to move?5.M: You can get a lot of practice in giving up tickets and handling hotel reservations. Later on, you can take telephone calls.W: That’s great! Thanks, Mr. Thomson. I’ll come to work tomorrow.Q: Where will the woman probably be working?6.M: Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments.W: Certainly, sir. They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?7.W: Did you go shopping this afternoon?M: Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.Q: What does the man mean?8.W: This school is lucky to have a teacher as good as Prof. Helen Johnson.M: She is one in a million.Q: What does the man mean?9.M: I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night. She has a lovely voice, I must say.W: Thank you, but I don’t know where she gets it.Q: What does the woman probably mean?10.W: Why are you so tired and upset?M: I’ve been taking the history course this term. But the trouble is that I’ll never get through the reading list.。

英语精选作文合集：2000年1月六级精选作文习题及范文格式Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）How I Finance My College Education范文：Several years ago new tuition fee policy was put into practice and college students were asked to pay a certain sum of money. And now, all the students, no matter what subjects they are engaged in, must pay for tuition.There are many ways for a student to finance his college education. Most students ask their parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for their books, accommodation and other cost. A student can also apply for the scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship to offer money to the poor students who do well in entrance exams and reward those who do well in entranceexams and reward those who work well at university. A student can also apply for the low-interest loans. In addition to the above, taking part-time jobs is also a common way for a college student to get money to pay part of his tuition and fees.So far as I’m concerned, I’d prefer earning the scholarship. This means I must study hard and be a top student, which has always been my goal. After all, the task of a student is to study. And in addition to solving my financial problems, getting the scholarship can also prove my ability and is good for my future. 12---来源网络整理，仅供参考。

1992年1月大学英语六级（CET-6）真题试卷真题+听力原文+答案详解1992年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) Children learn by example.B) Children must not tell lies.C) Children don’t like discipline.D) Children must control their temper.2. A) The man was very happy with his published article.B) The marking system in the university is excellent.C) The article was rejected.D) The article was cut short.3. A) He is rude to his students.B) He is strict with his students.C) He is kind and often gives good grades.D) He is strange and hates good students.4. A) He is going to China.B) He is very interested in China.C) He likes stamps.D) He likes travelling.5. A) Opposite the shoe store.B) In the middle of a street.C) At the corner of a street.D) Right outside the shoe store.6. A) The woman cannot go to the party.B) The man will meet the woman at the party.C) The woman has not got the invitation yet.D) The woman will try to go to the party by all means.7. A) He wants to have some medicine.B) The nurse didn’t give him an injection on time.C) The nurse should have shown up at two o’ clock in the morning.D) He wants to make an appointment with the doctor.8. A) Some salad.B) Some dessert.C) Just himself.D) Enough food.9. A) They will fail the test.B) The exam is easy.C) The grades will be around 40.D) They might pass the test.10. A) The woman shouldn’t go to the U.S. with her brother.B) The woman has n’t been allowed to be absent from class.C) The woman can go to the airport to meet her brother.D) The woman can go and see her brother off.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because they want to follow the rapidly growing hobby.B) Because they want to show they are wealthy people.C) Because they want to hold an exhibition.D) Because they want to return to the past and to invest money for profit.12. A) 150,000.B) 500,000.C) 250,000.D) 1,000,000.13. A) Those which are old and inexpensive.B) Those which are unique or unusual.C) Those which are practical.D) Those which are still fashionable.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Because they were ordered to.B) Because they were in danger.C) Because the plane was going to fly in circles.D) Because the plane climbed again.15. A) Over the airport.B) Over the land.C) Over the sea.D) Over the mountains.16. A) Because there was something wrong with it.B) Because the weather changed suddenly.C) Because there were no lights at the airport.D) Because too many planes were waiting to take off or land.17. A) Some time after five.B) Some time after four.C) A few minutes before four.D) A few minutes before six.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just beard.18. A) People in Venice don’t like walking.B) The buildings there float on water.C) Cars are seldom used in Venice.D) Boat rides there are expensive.19. A) About four hundred.B) About seven hundred.C) Twenty.D) One hundred and twenty.20. A) The boats can’t pass under the bridges.B) The islands will be disconnected.C) While passing under the bridges, people in the boats have to lower their heads.D) The bridges will be damaged.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Lecturing as a method of teaching is so frequently under attack today from educational psychologists and by students that some justification is needed to keep it. Critics believe that is results in passive methods of learning which tend to be less effective than those which fully engage the learner. They also maintain that students have no opportunity to ask questions and must all receive the same content at the same pace, that they are exposed only to one teacher’s interpretation of subject matter which will certainly be limited and that, anyway, few lectures rise above dullness. Nevertheless, in a number of inquiries this pessimistic evaluation of lecturing as a teaching method proves not to be general among students although they do fairly often comment on poor lecturing techniques.Students praise lectures which are clear and orderly outlines in which basic principles are emphasized but dislike too numerous d igressions (离题) or lectures which consist in part of the contents of a textbook. Students of science subjects consider that a lecture is a good way to introduce a new subject, putting it in its value as a period of discussion of problems and possiblesolutions with their lecturer. They do not look for inspiration (灵感)—this is more commonly mentioned by teachers—but arts students look for originality in lectures. Medical and dental students who have reports on teaching methods, or specifically on lecturing, suggest that there should be fewer lectures or that, at the least, more would be unpopular.21. The passage states that ________.A) few students dislike lecturing as a teaching methodB) lecturing is a good method of teachingC) lecturing as a teaching method proves to be uninspiringD) most students like lectures because they can fully engage the learner22. According to the critics,A) lectures can’t make students active in their studiesB) some lecturers’ knowledge of their subjects limitedC) most lectures are similar in contentD) few lectures are dull23. According to this passage, students dislike lectures which ________.A) introduce mat la[ not included in the textbookB) present many problems for discussion。

95-08历年年夜学英语六级真题及谜底(完整版)之阿布丰王创作Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) She was given a new job.B) She was given a raise.C) She was criticized for being late.D) She was praised for her hard work.2. A) Whether to employ the woman.B) Whether to take up the new job.C) Whether to ask for a raise.D) Whether to buy a new house.3. A) A teacher.B) A psychologist.C) A librarian.D) A publisher.4. A) To visit more places in the city.B) To take a lot of pictures of the beautiful city.C) To take some pictures of his friends.D) To spare some time to meet his friends.5. A) In town.B) Out of town.C) In the man’s house.D) Outside Ann’s house.6. A) Because she feels very hot in the room.B) Because she wants to avoid meeting people.C) Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside.D) Because she doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.7. A) Painters hired by the man and woman.B) Painters hired by Mr. Jones.C) Mr. Jones.D) The man and the woman.8. A) The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B) The woman saw a horror movie.C) The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D) The man went to the show with the woman.9. A) He doesn’t write well enough.B) He is not a professional writer.C) He hasn’t got any profession al experience.D) He didn’t perform well in the interview.10. A) He doesn’t think it necessary to refuel the car.B) He can manage to get the gasoline they need.C) He hopes the woman will help him select a fuel.D) He thinks it is difficult to get fuel for the car. Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because they can’t afford to.B) Because they think small houses are more comfortable to live in.C) Because big houses are usually built in the countryside.D) Because they prefer apartments.12. A) Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B) Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C) Because many older people sell their houses after their children leave.D) Because many people have quit their old house to build new ones.13. A) They have to do their own maintenance.B) They have to furnish their own houses.C) They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D) They will find it difficult to dispose of their old-style furniture.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They are not active hunters.B) They don’t sleep much.C) They are often seen alone.D) They don’t eat much.15. A) To catch the birds.B) To look for shade in the heat of the day.C) To catch other animals.D) To look for a kill made by another animal.16. A) They are larger in size.B) They have to hunt more to feed the young.C) They run faster.D) They are not as lazy as the males.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Less than 30 minutes.B) From 30 to 45 minutes.C) At least 45 minutes.D) More than 45 minutes.18. A) He should show respect for the interviewer.B) He should show confidence in himself.C) He should talk enthusiastically.D) He should be dressed properly.19. A) Speaking confidently but not aggressively.B) Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.C) Talking a lot about the job.D) Speaking politely and emotionally.20. A) Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in job interview.B) Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.C) A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.D) Self-confidence is most important for a job seeker. Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objectiveterms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures (自我流露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g.,disclosure and truthful statements).21. The word “pinpoint” (Para. 1, Line 3) basically means ________.A) appreciateB) obtainC) interpretD) identify22. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C) One should not judge people by their appearances.D) One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality.23. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ________.A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyC) the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsD) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person24. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’s opinion, are ________.A) personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB) barriers that should be done away withC) as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD) things people should guard against25. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ________.A) to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB) to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC) to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s charactersD) to discuss the various aspects of getting to knowpeopleQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors’ role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their products, then a marketer may want to follow suit to remain competitive. Apple Computer, Inc. has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple’s major competitors.Apple’s new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatible (兼容的) programs. This compatibility feature illustrates computer manufactures’ new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple computers capable of running I BM software is Apple’s effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office, where Apple hopes to increase sales. Users of the new Apple can also add accessories (附件) to make their machines specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing.The new computers represent a big improvement over past models, but they also cost much more. Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer. Apple wants to stay in the high-price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more sophisticated computers.Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors, both companies realize that their competitor’s computers have certain features that their own models do not. The Apple line has always been popular for its sophisticated colorgraphics (图形), whereas the IBM machines have always been favored in offices. In the future, there will probably be more compatibility between the two companies’ products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies.26. According to the passage, Apple Computer, Inc, has introduced the Mackintosh II and the Mackintosh SE because ________.A) IBM is changing its computer models continuouslyB) it wants to make its machines specialize in specific usesC) it wants to stay ahead of IBM in the competitive computer marketD) it expects its major competitor IBM to follow its example27. Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by ________.A) making its new models capable of running IBM softwareB) improving the color graphics of its new modelsC) copying the marketing strategies of IBMD) giving the customers what they want28. Apple sells its new computer models at a high price because ________.A) they have new features and functionsB) they are more sophisticated than other modelsC) they have new accessories attachedD) it wants to accumulate funds for future research29. It can be inferred from the passage that both Apple and IBM try to gain a competitive advantage by ________.A) copying each other’s technologyB) incorporating features that make their products distinctiveC) making their computer more expensiveD) making their computers run much faster30. The best title for the passage would be ________.A) Apple’s Efforts to Stay Ahead of IBMB) Apple’s New Computer TechnologyC) Apple’s New personal ComputersD) Apple’s Research ActivitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, of even of earth’s geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of theastronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbour as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.31. The word “paradox” (Para. 1, Line 1) means “________”.A) implicationB) contradictionC) interpretationD) confusion32. According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because ________.A) a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciencesB) our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systemsC) our understanding of the social systems is approximately correctD) we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena33. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because ________.A) it is not based on personal experienceB) new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciencesC) it is based on a fairly representative quantity ofdataD) the records of social systems are more reliable34. The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because ________.A) contradictory theories keep emerging all the timeB) new information is constantly coming inC) the direction of their development is difficult to predictD) our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate35. We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because ________.A) theories of its origin and history are variedB) our knowledge of it is highly insecureC) only a very small sample of it has been observedD) few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following.In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “meltdown”(堆内熔化). Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U.S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgement to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reacto rs in Japan. But don’t expect them ever on U.S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case where a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission hasultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York’s Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-’60s. Millstone, completed for $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by anti-nuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt of power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used his power to force New Yor k’s public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement; the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant! Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of homes, sits rusting.36. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A) The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation commission.B) The enormous cost of construction and operation.C) The length of time it takes to make investigations.D) The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.A) it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S.B) there are not enough safety measures in the U.S. for running new nuclear power plantsC) there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U.S.D) the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U.S.38. Any objection, however trivial it may be, can ________.A) force the power companies to cancel the projectB) delay the construction or operation of a nuclear plantC) cause a serious debate within the Nuclear Regulation CommissionD) take the builders to court39. Governor Mario’s chief inten tion in proposing the settlement was to ________.A) stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB) help the power company to solve its financial problemsC) urge the power company to further increase its power supplyD) permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions40. The author’s attitude towards the development of nuclear power is ________.A) negativeB) neutralC) positiveD) questioningPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. They ________ to enter the building by the back door; however, the front door was locked.A) weren’t supposedB) wouldn’t be supposedC) were supposedD) would be supposed42. ________ human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain.A) DeliberateB) ConsistentC) PrimitiveD) Abnormal43. The captured criminals were ________ in chains through the streets.A) exhibitedB) displayedC) paradedD) revealed44. In reading stories we anticipate what is to come ________ on our memory of what has gone before.A) basedB) basingC) to baseD) to be based45. The world’s governments have done ________ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.A) inherentlyB) vitallyC) virtuallyD) identically46. I guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his ________.A) candidateB) opponentC) alternativeD) participant47. The background music in an assembly line is designed ________.A) not being listened toB) not to be listened toC) being not listened toD) to be not listened to48. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ________.A) preciousB) rewardingC) worthD) challenging49. The boy students in this school are nearly ________ as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.A) as likely twiceB) likely as twiceC) as twice likelyD) twice as likely50. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ________ himself.A) spotB) locateC) placeD) situate51. The city has decided to ________ smoking.A) do away withB) take awayC) get away withD) put away52. Perhaps it wouldn’t be ________ to go and see sucha film.A) worthy you whileB) worth of whileC) worthy of whileD) worth your while53. The old building is in a good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A) observationB) preservationC) conservationD) compensation54. While some office jobs would seem ________ to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.A) hostileB) tediousC) fantasticD) courageous55. ________ she wondered if she had made a mistake.A) Not until long afterwards thatB) It was not until long afterwards thatC) Not long until afterwardsD) It was long afterwards until56. The people who objected to the new approach were told that since work had already started there was no point in ________.A) denyingB) upsettingC) protestingD) competing57. The ceremony will ________ as soon as the minister arrives.A) completeB) commenceC) disperseD) descend58. So confused ________ that he didn’t know how to start his lecture.A) since he becameB) would he becomeC) that he becameD) did he become59. Since the couple could not ________ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A) reconcileB) complyC) coincideD) resign60. After the collision, he examined the considerable ________ to his car.A) ruinB) destructionC) damageD) injury61. Output is now six times ________ it was before 1990.A) thatB) whatC) for whichD) of that62. The heavily populated area was a breeding place for ________ diseases.A) infectiousB) powerfulC) influentialD) suspicious63. It is unfortunate that, owing to lack of money, these experiments must now be ________ before the objective has been achieved.A) transferredB) testifiedC) terminatedD) transformed64. The synthetic vitamins are identical ________ those naturally present in our food.A) forB) ofC) asD) with65. Just as a book is often judged ________ by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.A) previouslyB) uniquelyC) outwardlyD) initially66. Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.A) InB) ofC) withD) at67. Gasoline is ________ by the spark plugs in the engine.A) ignitedB) inspiredC) excitedD) illuminated68. He ________ another career but, at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.A) might have chosenB) might chooseC) had to chooseD) must have chosen69. Many visitors praised the magnificent architecture of the Palace, ________.A) known to foreigners for the Forbidden CityB) known for foreigners to be the Forbidden CityC) known to foreigners as the Forbidden CityD) know for foreigners as the Forbidden City70. The travelers ________ their journey after a short break.A) recoveredB) resumedC) renewedD) restoredPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱. 1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. (71)You may have noticed about how people who live or work (72) closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsman’s (73) individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired (74) fan;a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employer finds himself duplicating his boss’s habit of wagging (摆动) (75) a pen between his fingers while thinking.In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the (76) imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. And if he does (77) notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people; they are drawn to them. (78)Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances (79) all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win (80) agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical imitation.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My view on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 现在有些不良的商业广告2. 这些广告的副作用和危害性3. 我对这些广告的态度1995年1月六级参考谜底Part I1. C2. B3. C4. D5. A6. D7. D8. B9. C 10. B11. A 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D16. B 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. CPart II21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A31. B 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. BPart III41. A 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C46. B 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. B51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. C56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. C61. B 62. A 63. C 64. D 65. C66. D 67. A 68. A 69. C 70. B71. as → to72. about → /73. these → those74. admired → admiring75. employer → employee76. consciously → unconsciously77. comfortably → comfortable78. them → him79. friend → friends80. (without) → (without) being1995年1月六级听力原文Section A1. W: You wanted to see me, Mr. Wright?M: Yes, Miss Gray. You’ll have to start getting to work on time, or your service will no longer be needed here. Q: What happened to Miss Gray?2. M: You know, I’m just not too sure if the new salary will be high enough or even the new position is really what I want. Besides, I like the work that I am doing now.W: It sounds as though you’ve already m ade up your mind about what you are going to do.Q: What is the man thinking about?3. W: I’m looking for textbook for my Psychology course. It’s called “Introduction to Educational Psychology”. Do you have it?M: Yes, we do. You’ll find it in Section 24 o n the top shelf.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?4. W: Oh, this is a beautiful city. I’m really glad I’ve brought my camera.M: Yes, there are lots of things to take pictures of here. But I hope you will not plan to spend all your time taking pictures. I have some friends who would like to meet you.Q: What does the man want the woman to do?5. M: Why are you so sure that Anne didn’t commit the crime?W: She couldn’t have committed that crime because I was with her. And we were out of town on that day.Q: Where was the crime most probably committed?6. M: Isn’t it rather cold outside, Sally?W: It is a bit, but I can’t stand the terrible smoke inside. I’d rather stay here if you don’t mind.Q: Why does the woman want to stay outside?7. W: We’ve lived here i n Thornton for 5 years now andI think its time to have the house painted.M: You’re right. Mr. Johns, our neighbor, just had his house painted. But we cannot afford to do it only if paint it ourselves.Q: Who is going to paint it ourselves.8. W: I still can’t get over the show last Saturday evening. I keep having frightening dreams all night.M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?9. W: How was the job interview? I think you’ll make a good journalist. I remember you as the best writer of the class.M: Well, in fact, my application was turned down. They。

Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes)21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______it.A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need.A) all the information B) all the informationsC) all of information D) all of the informations23. Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground.A) had he arrived B) would he have arrivedC) did he arrive D) should he have arrived24. Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded27. I have no objection _______ your story again.A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having heard D) to have heard28. The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position.A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) advertising30. You will see this product _______ wherever you go.A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising31. The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land.A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into32. The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone.A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A) whose B) which C) that D) what34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town.A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stopped35. I didn't know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.A) look out B) make out C) refer to D) go over36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based on B) to base on C) which to base on D) on which to base37. There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A) that B) which C) in which D) whose38. I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friend doring the vacation when I heard the news.A) or else B) and then C) or so D) even so39. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme41. --"May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"--"I'm sorry. M. Williams _______ to a conference long before then."A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone42. You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A) shouldn't follow B) mustn't followC) couldn't have been following D) shouldn't have been following43. The growth of parta2time and flexible working patterns, and of trainingand retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows44. Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined45. Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof.A) include B) involve C) contain D) comprise46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the leastA) with which B) for which C) of which D) which47. In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.A) face B) time C) event D) course48. The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office.A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work49. _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes herC) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her50. The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A) within B) to C) by D) atPart III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneLong after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing（裁判）decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament（锦标赛）involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum（最佳的）distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may bemisguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.51. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing52. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match53. The findings of the experiment show that _______.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot54. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment55. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. Passage TwoWhile still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states —at least in getting people off welfare. It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past tow years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent — twice the national average.For advocates（代言人）for the poor, that’s an indication much more needs to be done.“More people are getting jobs, but it’s not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities inWashington.A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin（毒素）that was poisoning the family,” says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform in changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic（道德观）, which is much more important.”Mr. Rector and o thers argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.56. From the passage, it can be seen that the author _______.A) believes the reform has reduced the government’s burdenB) insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful57. Why aren’t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?A) Because many families are divorced.B) Because government aid is now rare.C) Because their wages are low.D) Because the cost of living is rising.58. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that _______.A) greater efforts should b e made to improve people’s living standardsB) 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two yearsC) 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD) the living standards of most people are going down59. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _______.A) saving welfare fundsB) rebuilding the work ethicC) providing more jobsD) cutting government expenses60. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _______.A) the poverty rate was loverB) average living standards were higherC) the average worker was paid higher wagesD) the poor used to rely on government aidPassage ThreeAmericans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respectfew things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.61. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.A) still judge a man by his clothesB) hold the uniform in such high regardC) enjoy having a professional identityD) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform62. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.A) suggests quality workB) discards his social identityC) appears to be more practicalD) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes63. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.A) provide practical benefits to the wearerB) make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD) provide the wearer with a professional identity64. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.A) are usually helpfulB) have little or no individual freedomC) tend to lose their individualityD) enjoy greater popularity65. The best title for this passage would be _______.A) Uniforms and SocietyB) The Importance of Wearing a UniformC) Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD) Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsPassage FourSince we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles（困难）. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off（挡开）illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, andco-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting（转移…注意力）us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support —financial aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.66. Interpersonal relationships are important because _______.A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-beingB) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resourcesC) they help people to cope with life in the information eraD) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.67. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health _______.A) relies on the social welfare systems which support themB) has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives68. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para.2)?A) Adds up to.B) Does away with.C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.69. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _______.A) instrumental supportB) informational supportC) social companionshipD) the strengthening of self-respect70. Social companionship is beneficial in that _______.A) it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD) it draws our attention away from our worries and troublesPart IV Translation (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, there are four items, each consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part Three of Test Paper One. You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.S1. (Lines 1-2, Para.1, Passage 1)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing（裁判）decisions that denied victory to their team.S2. (Lines 1-2, Para.6, Passage 2)But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.S3. (Lines 5-6, Para.2, Passage 3)What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?S4. (Lines 3-4, Para.1, Passage 4)Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their inter personal ties.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your competition on the outline given in Chinese below:1, 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是．．．2, 也有人持不同意见，．．．3, 我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English NecessaryA test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET)参考答案：Part II Vocabulary21.D) cancel22.A) all the information23.C) did he arrive24.B) content25.C) exaggerated26.A) unrecorded27.B) to hearing28.B) status29.D) adequate30.B) advertised31.C) go through32.B) present33.A) whose34.B) stopping35.C) refer to36.D) on which to base37.A) that38.A) or else39.A) partial40.C) extra41.A) will have gone42.D) shouldn’t have been following43.D) allows44.A) assembled45.B) involve46.C) of which47.C) event48.D) not to work49.D) Much as he likes her50.B) toPart III Reading Comprehension51.B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees52.C) quite unexpected53.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball54.C) the referees of the football tournament55.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee56.D) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful57.C) Because their wages are low58.A) greater efforts should be made to improve people’s livin g standards59.B) rebuilding the work ethic60.D) the poor used to rely on government aid61.B) hold the uniform in such high regard62.A) suggests quality work63.D) provide the wearer with a professional identity64.C) tend to lose their individuality65.D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms66.A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being67.B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others68.C) Lessens the effect of69.A) instrumental support70.D) it draws our attention away from our worries and troublesPart IV TranslationS1. 1998年世界杯足球赛早已尘埃落定，但失望的球迷们仍在责骂那些颇有争议的判罚，声称正是那些判罚使他们的球队没能获胜。

1995-2021历年大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)(免费下载) LtD2006年12月24日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Reading Classics. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是…3. 我们大学生应该怎么做The Importance of Reading ClassicsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Space TourismMake your reservations now. The space tourism industry is officially open for business, and tickets are going for a mere $20 million for a one-week stay in space. Despite reluctance from National Air and Space Administration (NASA)，Russia made American bus inessman Dennis Tito the world’s first space tourist. Tito flew into space aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket that arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) on April 30, 2001. The second space tourist, South African businessman Mark Shuttleworth, took off aboard the Russian Soyuz on April 25, 2002, also bound for the ISS.Lance Bass of ‘N Sync wa s supposed to be the third to make the $20 million trip, but he did not join the three-man crew as they blasted off on October 30, 2002, due to lack of payment. Probably the most incredible aspect of this proposed space tour was that NASA approved of it.These trips are the beginning of what could be a profitable 21st century industry. There are already several space tourism companies planning to build suborbital vehicles and orbital cities within the next two decades. These companies have invested millions, believing that the space tourism industry is on the verge of taking off.In 1997, NASA published a report concluding that selling trips into space to private citizens could be worth billions of dollars. A Japanese report supports these findings, and projects that space tourism could be a $10 billion per year industry within the next two decades. The only obstacles to opening up space to tourists are the space agencies, who are concerned with safety and the development of a reliable, reusable launch vehicle.Space AccommodationsRussia’s Mir space station was supposed to be the first destination for space tourists. But in March 2001，the Russian Aerospace Agency brought Mir down into the Pacific Ocean. As it turned out, bringing down Mir only temporarily delayed the first tourist trip into space.The Mir crash did cancel plans for a new reality-based game show from NBC, which was going to be called Destination Mir. The Survivor-like TV show was scheduled to air in fall 2001, Participants on the show were to go through training at Russia’s cosmonaut(宇航员) training center, Star City. Each week, one of the participants would be eliminated from the show, with the winner receiving a trip to the Mir space station. The Mir crash has ruled out NBC’s space plans for now. NASA is against beginning space tourism until the International Space Station is completed in 2006.Russia is not alone in its interest in space tourism. There are several projects underway to commercialize space travel. Here are a few of the groups that might take tourists to space:Space Island Group is going to build a ring-shaped, rotating “commercial space infrastructure (根底结构)〞that will resemble the Discovery spacecraft in the movie “2001: A Space Odyssey.〞Space Island says it will build its space city out of empty NASA space-shuttle fuel tanks (to start, it should take around 12 or so), and place it about 400 miles above Earth. The space city will rotate once per minute to create a gravitational pull one-third as strong as Earth’s.According to their vision statement. Space Adventures plans to “fly tens of thousand of people in space over the next 10-15 years and beyond, around the moon, and back, from spaceports both on Earth and in space, to and from private space stations, and board dozen of different vehicles...〞Even Hilton Hotels has shown interest in the space tourism industry and possibility of building or co-funding a space hotel. However, the company did say that it believes such a space hotel is 15 to 20 years away.Initially, space tourism will offer simple accommodations at best. For instance, if the International Space Station is used as a tourist attraction, guests won’t find the luxurious surroundings of a hotel room on Earth. It has been designed for conducting research, not entertainment. However, the first generation of space hotels should offer tourists a much more comfortable experience.In regard to a concept for a space hotel initially planned by Space Island, such a hotel could offer guests every convenience they might find at a hotel on Earth, and some they might not. The small gravitational pull created by the rotating space city would allow space-tourists and residents to walk around and function facilities would be possible. Additionally, space tourists would even be able to take space walks.Many of these companies believe that they have to offer an extremely enjoyable experience in order for passengers to pay thousands, if not millions, of dollars to ride into space. So will space create another separation between the haves and have-nots?The Most Expensive VacationWill space be an exotic retreat reserved for only the wealthy? Or will middle-class folks have a chance to take their families to space? Make no mistake about it, going to space will be the most expensive vacation you ever take. Prices right now are in the tens of millions of dollars. Currently, the only vehicles that can take you into space are the space shuttle and the Russian Soyuz, both of which are terribly inefficient. Each spacecraft requires millions of pounds of fuel to take off into space, which makes them expensive to launch. One pound of payload (有效载重) costs about $10,000 to put into Earth’s orbit.NASA and Lockheed Martin are currently developing a single-stage-to-orbit launch space plane, called the VentureStar, that could be launched for about a tenth of what the space shuttle costs to launch. If the VentureStar takes off, the number of people who could afford to take a trip into space would move into the millions.In 1998, a joint report from NASA and the Space Transportation Association stated that improvements in technology could push fares for space travel as low as $50,000, and possibly down to $20,000 or $10,000 a decade later. The report concluded that a ticket price of $50,000, there could be 500,000 passengers flying into space each year. While still leaving out many people, these prices would open up space to a tremendous amount of traffic.Since the beginning of the space race, the general public has said, “Isn’t that great—when do I get to go?〞Well, our chance might be closer than ever. Within the next 20 years, space planes could be taking off for the Moon at the same frequency as airplanes flying between New York and Los Angles.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。

A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly1.TT therapists are often employed by2.they were unwilling to reveal their3.to test whether a human energy field4.They sensed no harm in a little girl’5.Some widely accepted beliefs can beAbout the time that schools and others1.It was considered discriminative against2.remove the state’s ban on intelligence tests3.can help black parents make decisions abut4.no rules whatsoever can be prescribed5.American opinion can shift when it comes toAge has its privileges in America.1.offering senior citizens discounts has become2.The elderly, being financially underprivileged3.intensify conflicts between the young and the old4.It benefits the old at the expense of the young.5.Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age As a wise man once said,1.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of2.It is getting closer to American-style3.healthy and wealthy4.some modern women prefer a life of individual5.To examine the trend of young people livingAs machines go, the car is not terribly1.it is too expensive to maintain2.it caused less pollution than horses3.People were able to live in less crowded4.people worry about pollution and the5.The use of automobiles has kept increasingA new high-performance contact1.those with vision defects2.The aluminum mirror and the wave-front3.to suit the wearer’s specific needs4.will be sharper by a much greater degree at5.They will be sold at a very low price.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman1.Scornful2.the success of many non-MBAs3.They are not good at dealing with people.4.cherish unrealistic expectations about their5.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBABirds that are literally1.half-brain sleep is found in a wide2.they have to constantly keep an eye3. a single pet bird enjoys seeing its4.emerge from water now and then to5.half-brain sleep has something to do Conventional wisdom about conflict1.oversimplified2.the difficulty in determining3. a person’s view of conflict is4.success lies in general agreement5.are free to express diverse opinionsCars account for half the oil1.have serious consequences for2.other countries will protest its3.The development of electric cars.4.The use of fuels other than gasoline.5.Car are popular in western EuropeCrying is hardly an activity encouraged1.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings2.The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’3.harmful to health4.It must have a role to play in man’s survival5.Emotional tears have the function of reducing Each summer, no matter how pressing1.his son was not as thrilled by the roller coaster2.even if they are exposed to more and more kinds3.ever-changing thrilling forms of recreation4.prescribing medications for their temporary relief5.adjusting the pace of life and intensity ofEvery fall, like clockwork,1.Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal2.realized what her problem was3.It proves to be an effective therapy.4.Light therapy could be misused by certain mental5.Winter depressives prefer light therapy in spite Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that1.resulted in the worship of consumerism2.the concept that one’s success is measured3.Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit4.cannot satisfy human spiritual needs5.how to keep consumption at a reasonable level Frustrated with delays in Sacramentoy down relevant local regulations2.the reprocessing of the huge amounts of3.they contain large amounts of harmful4.buy them from other states5.exported to foreign countriesFor centuries, explorers have risked1.to pursue commercial and state interests2.scientific research3.To find out if life ever existed there.4.in the case of Mars, the rewards of5.reveal the kind of conditions underGiven the lack of fit between gifted1.they are often incapable of catering to the2.to provide support for his argument3.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the4.mainly to parental help and their education5.school courses failed to inspire or motivate German Chancellor ( 首相) Otto Von1.out of religious and political considerations2.was accompanied by an increased number of3.they had to produce evidence that their employers4.the number of workers suing for damages increased5.the workers are not the only ones to benefit from In the world of entertainment1.unusually popular2.remain fascinated by them3.Family budget planning.4.Instructive5.are targeted at differentIt is no secret among athletes1.rest after vigorous training improves an2.training that is not adequately compensated3.It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers4.Stop improving.5.illness causing fatigue should not be mistakenIt was the worst tragedy in maritime1.It caused the largest number of casualties2. a strong ice storm tilted the ship3.were eager to win international acceptance4.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant5.they will be misunderstood if they talk about Imagine eating everything delicious1.makes foods fat-free while keeping2.quite unexpected3.it passes through the intestines4.It may increase the risk of cancer.5.People may be induced to eat moreIn the 1920s demand for1.The shrinking of overseas markets.2.to prevent farmers from going bankrupt3.reduce their scale of production4.benefited one group of citizens at5.conserving soil in the long-termIn the 1950s, the pioneers1.still cannot communicate with people2.the belief that human intelligence3.find out how intelligence developed4.It may prove to be in the right5.The only approach to building anIn department stores and closets1.Their wish to improve their appearance2.to be ironic3.to show women’s affection for them4.they are injurious to women’s health5.avoid following fashion too closelyIt is hardly necessary for me1.rather bleak2.the reading ability and reading behavior3.their lack of attentiveness and basic4.to be able to appreciate it and memorize it5.uncertainIn the villages of the English1.many sites are not well-protected2.to investigate the security of Internet sites3.it can be used by people with evil intent4.positive5.influential businessmen should give priorityIn 1854 my great-grandfather1.crime against humanity2.deep-rooted socio-economic inequality3.The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid4.has been accumulated from generations of slavery5.Inequality of many kinds remains virtuallyIt used to be that people were proud to1.corporate loyalty2.maximizing their profits at the expense of workers3. a higher rate of unemployment4.making monetary contributions to decision-makers5.To urge the middle class to wake up and protect Intel chairman Andy Grove has decided1.settle the dispute on stem cell research quickly2.interested businesses and individuals3.have to raise money to build separate labs4.human stem cells are used in the research5.he did not want to offend its opponentsI came away from my years of teaching1.make inspired play an integral part of the2.it presents course content in a scientific and3.interaction should be encouraged in the process4.professors are a group of5.Ezekiel Cheever’s.“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,”1.human cloning is a foolish undertaking2.Its outcome remains uncertain3.find out the differences between Missy and4.defective organs5.still have a long way to go before reachingIt's hardly news that the immigration1.the low efficiency of the Immigration and2.ward off terrorist suspects at the border3.might have them extended without trouble4.has been too liberal in granting visas to5.they might have kept away foreign studentsI had an experience some years ago1.They lived out a natural life.2.he was priest of the local church3.they believe that they were responsible4.there’s an explanation for everything in5.their wishes are the cause of everythingIn 1985 when a Japan Air Lines1.In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation2.apologize promptly for your subordinates'3.Critical4.American executives consider authority and5.the difference between two business culturesLow-level slash-and-burn farming1.it destroys rainforest soilsanic matter is quickly lost due to heat3.studying patches of fertile soils in the4.They can recover easily after slash-and-burn5.there once existed an urban civilization in Navigation computers,1.are likely to be accepted by more drivers2.by inputting the exact address3.work on more or less the same principles4.basically on satellite signals and5.the different ways of providing guidanceNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious”1.Two contrasting views are presented.2.could not develop long-standing relationships3.cause them not to show concern for one another4.the more tolerant and open-minded it is5.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships No woman can be too rich or too thin1.being thin is viewed as a much desired2.had to go on a diet for the greater part of3.were closely related to their religious4.from sociological and medical points of view5.They should be more concerned with theirOur culture has caused most Americans1.draw back2.cultural self-centeredness3.are not 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A company should correctly evaluateSupporters of the biotech industry1.over the possible adverse effect of a GM2.the results of an experiment she conducted3.hasn’t reviewed the findings of Ingham’s4.shouldn’t demand that Ingham be disciplined5.Her testimony hasn’t been supported by theThere are good reasons to be troubled1.Showing violence is thought to be entertaining2.Most studies exaggerate the effect of media3.assert a direct line between violent media and4.their definition of violence5.More studies should be conducted before conclusions To understand the marketing concept,1.the customer-centred approach2.The efficiency of production.3.to sell the largest possible4.Products must be designed to5.its main characteristic“The world’s environment is surprisingly1.believe the world’s environment is in an2.has not significantly affected the environment3.new sources are always becoming available4.they are not owned by any particular entity5.to allow market forces to operate properlyTake the case of public education alone1.How to cope with the shortage of funds for2.Raising of the legal age forgoing to work.3. a new leisure class has developed4.should allocate Federal funds for public5.People all over the country should makeTaking charge of yourself involves putting1.is a widely held but wrong concept2.does not mean that one is highly3.how to avoid depression and make his life4.difficulties are but part of everyone5.Those who are aware of difficulties inThroughout the nation’s more than1.characterized by its diversity2.it lacks a coordinated national program3.scratches the surface of a wide range of4.provide depth to school science education5.school districts are responsible for makingThis looks like the year that hard-pressed1.tenants renting a house over a year2.appropriate housing may not be readily3.tenants have done damage to the house4.To make it easier for the State Assembly to5.both bills are likely to be made state lawsYou’re in trouble if you have to buy1. A quarter of Americans can't afford their2.exercising price control on brand-name drugs.3.High prices are essential to funding research4.To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.5.Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies What might driving on an automated1.are being planned2.it would achieve the greatest highway3.The driver should inform his car computer4.by way of a ramp with electronic control5.doesn’t have to hold not to the steeringWhen global warming finally came1.to give up his former way of life2.has gone through periodical changes3.has largely been effected by climatic4.Earth’s climate is bound to change5.mankind is virtually helpless in the face ofWar may be a natural expression of biological1.it is influenced by society2.to control violence within a society3.Punishment is not carried out directly by4.Loyaltyernments may sacrifice individuals in theWhen school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan1.by both the local and state governments2.to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing3.the shutting of schools in Kalkaska4.making a political issue of the closing of5.the political motives on the part of theWhen we worry about who might1.is more prevalent in business circleswmakers are inclined to give a free hand3.you fail to cancel it within the specified4.it is considered "transaction and experience"5.consumers' privacy will continue to be invaded6.7.8.9.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）10.11.12.13.14.15.。

2024年06月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “There is a growing awareness of the importance of digital literacy and skills in today’s world.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Reply to the man’s last proposal within a short time.B) Sign the agreement if one small change is made to it.C) Make a sponsorship deal for her client at the meeting.D) Give the man some good news regarding the contract.2. A) They are becoming impatient. C) They are used to making alterations.B) They are afraid time is running out. D) They are concerned about the details.3. A) To prevent geographical discrimination. C) To avoid any conflict of interest.B) To tap the food and beverage market. D) To reduce unfair competition.4. A) It is a potential market for food and beverage. C) It is a negligible market for his company.B) It is very attractive for real estate developers. D) It is very different from other markets.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They are thrilled by a rare astronomic phenomenon.B) They are celebrating a big event on mountain tops.C) They are enthusiastic about big science-related stories.D) They are joined by astronomers all across North America.6. A) It will be the most formidable of its kind in over a century.B) It will come closest to Earth in more than one hundred years.C) It will eclipse many other such events in human history.D) It will be seen most clearly from Denver’s mountain tops.7. A) A blur. C) The edge of our galaxy.B) Stars. D) An ordinary flying object.8. A) Use professional equipment. C) Fix their eyes due north.B) Climb to the nearby heights. D) Make use of phone apps.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Whether consumers should be warned against ultra-processed foods.B) Whether there is sufficient scientific consensus on dietary guidelines.C) Whether guidelines can form the basis for nutrition advice to consumers.D) Whether food scientists will agree on the concept of ultra-processed foods.10. A) By the labor cost for the final products. C) By the extent of chemical alteration.B) By the degree of industrial processing. D) By the convention of classification.11. A) Increased consumers’ expen ses. C) People’s misunderstanding of nutrition.B) Greater risk of chronic diseases. D) Children’s dislike for unprocessed foods.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) They begin to think of the benefits of constraints.B) They try to seek solutions from creative people.C) They try hard to maximize their mental energy.D) They begin to see the world in a different way.13. A) It is characteristic of all creative people.B) It is essential to pushing society forward.C) It is a creative p erson’s response to limitation.D) It is an impetus to socio-economic development.14. A) Scarcity or abundance of resources has little impact on people’s creativity.B) Innovative people are not constrained in connecting unrelated concepts.C) People have no incentive to use available resources in new ways.D) Creative people tend to consume more available resources.15. A) It is key to a company’s survival.B) It shapes and focuses problems.C) It is essential to meeting challenges.D) It thrives best when constrained.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Because they are learned. C) Because they have to be properly personalized.B) Because they come naturally. D) Because there can be more effective strategies.17. A) The extent of difference and of similarity between the two sides.B) The knowledge of the specific expectation the other side holds.C) The importance of one’s goals and of the relationship.D) The approaches one adopts to conflict management.18. A) The fox. C) The shark.B) The owl. D) The turtle.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Help save species from extinction and boost human health.B) Understand how plants and animals perished over the past.C) Help gather information publicly available to researchers.D) Find out the cause of extinction of Britain’s 66,000 species.20. A) It was once dominated by dinosaurs. C) Its prospects depend on future human behaviour.B) It has entered the sixth mass extinction. D) Its climate change is aggravated by humans.21. A) It dwarfs all other efforts to conserve, protect and restore biodiversity on earth.B) It is costly to get started and requires the joint efforts of thousands of scientists.C) It can help to bring back the large numbers of plants and animals that have gone extinct.D) It is the most exciting, most relevant, most timely and most internationally inspirational.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Cultural identity. C) The Copernican revolution.B) Social evolution. D) Human individuality.23. A) It is a delusion to be disposed of. C) It is a myth spread by John Donne’s poem.B) It is prevalent even among academics. D) It is rooted in the mindset of the 17th century.24. A) He believes in Copernican philosophical doctrines about the universe.B) He has gained ample scientific evidence at the University of Reading.C) He has found that our inner self and material self are interconnected.D) He contends most of our body cells can only live a few days or weeks.25. A) By coming to see how disruptive such problems have got to be.B) By realising that we all can do our own bit in such endeavours.C) By becoming aware that we are part of a bigger world.D) By making joint efforts resolutely and persistently.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It’s quite remarkable how different genres of music can spark unique feelings, emotions,and memories. Studies have shown that music can reduce stress and anxiety before surgeriesand we are all attracted toward our own unique life soundtrack.If you’re lo oking to 26 stress, you might want to give classical music a try.The sounds of classical music produce a calming effect letting 27 pleasure-inducing dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain that helps control attention, learning and emotional responses. It can also turn down the body’s stress response, resulting in an overall happier mood. It turns out a pleasant mood can lead to 28 in a person’s thinking.Although there are many great 29 of classical music like Bach, Beethoven and Handel, none of these artists’ music seems to have the same health effects as Mozart’s does. According to researchers, listening to Mozart can increase brain wave activity and improve 30 function. Another study found that the distinctive features of Mozart’s music trigger parts of the brain that are responsible for high-level mental functions. Even maternity 31 use Mozart to help newborn babies adapt to life outside of the mother’s belly.It has been found that listening to classical music 32 reduces a pers on’s blood pressure. Researchers believe that the calming sounds of classical music may help your heart 33 from stress. Classical music can also be a great tool to help people who have trouble sleeping. One study found that students who had trouble sleeping slept better while they were listening to classical music.Whether classical music is something that you listen to on a regular basis or not, it wouldn’t34 to take time out of your day to listen to music that you find 35 . You will be surprised at how good it makes you feel and the potentially positive change in your health.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Curious Case of the Tree That Owns ItselfA)In the city of Athens, Georgia, there exists a rather curious local landmark—a large whiteoak that is almost universally stated to own itself. Because of this, it is considered one of the most famous trees in the world. So how did this tree come to own itself and the land around it?B)Sometime in the 19th century a Georgian called Colonel William Jackson reportedly tooka liking to the said tree and endeavored to protect it from any danger. As to why he loved itso, the earliest documented account of this story is an anonymously written front page article in the Athens Weekly Banner published on August 12, 1890. It states, “Col. Jackson had watched the tree grow from his childhood, and grew to love it almost as he would a human. Its luxuriant leaves and sturdy limbs had often protected him from the heavy rains, and out of its highest branches he had many a time gotten the eggs of the feathered singers.He watched its growth, and when reaching a ripe old age he saw the tree standing in its magnificent proportions, he was pained to think that after his death it would fall into the hands of those who might destroy it.”C)Towards this end, Jackson transferred by means of a deed ownership of the tree and a littleland around it to the tree itself. The deed read, “W. H. Jackson for and in consideration of the great affection which he bears the said tree, and his great desire to see it protected has conveyed unto the said oak tree entire possession of itself and of all land within eight feet of it on all sides.”D)In time, the tree came to be something of a tourist attraction, known as The Tree That OwnsItself. However, in the early 20th century, the tree started showing signs of its slow death, with little that could be done about it. Father time comes for us all eventually, even our often long lived, tall and leafy fellow custodians (看管者) of Earth. Finally, on October 9, 1942, the over 30 meter tall and 200-400 year old tree fell, rumor has it, as a result of a severe windstorm and/or via having previously died and its roots rotted.E)About four years later, members of the Junior Ladies Garden Club (who’d tended to thetree before its unfortunate death) tracked down a small tree grown from a nut taken from the original tree. And so it was that on October 9, 1946, under the direction of Professor Roy Bowden of the College of Agriculture at the University of Georgia, this little tree was transplanted to the location of its ancestor. A couple of months later, an official ceremony was held featuring none other than the Mayor of Athens, Robert L McWhorter, to commemorate the occasion.F)This new tree became known as The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself and it was assumedthat, as the original tree’s heir, it naturally inherited the land it stood on. Of course, there are many dozens of other trees known to exist descending from the original, as people taking a nut from it to grow elsewhere was a certainty. That said, to date, none of the original tree’s other children have petitioned the courts for their share of the land, so it seems all good. In any event, The Son of the Tree That Owns Itself still stands today, though often referred to simply as The Tree That Owns Itself.G)This all brings us around to whether Jackson ever actually gave legal ownership of the treeto itself in the first place and whether such a deed is legally binding.H)Well, to begin with, it turns out Jackson only spent about three years of his life in Athens,starting at the age of 43 from 1829 to 1832, sort of dismissing the idea that he loved the tree from spending time under it as a child and watching it grow, and then worrying about what would happen to it after he died. Further, an extensive search of land ownership records in Athens does not seem to indicate Jackson ever owned the land the tree sits on.I)He did live on a lot of land directly next to it for those three years, but whether he ownedthat land or not isn’t clear. Whatever the case, in 1832 a four acre parcel, which included the land the tree was on and the neighboring land Jackson lived on, among others, was sold to University professor Malthus A Ward. In the transaction, Ward was required to payJackson a sum of $1,200 (about $31,000 today), either for the property itself or simply in compensation for improvements Jackson had made on the lot. In the end, whether he ever owned the neighboring lot or was simply allowed to use it while he allegedly worked at the University, he definitely never owned the lot the tree grew on, which is the most important bit for the topic at hand.J)After Professor Ward purchased the land, Jackson and his family purchased a 655 acre parcel a few miles away and moved there. Ten years later, in 1844, Jackson seemed to have come into financial difficulties and had his little plantation seized by the Clarke County Sheriff’s office and auctioned off to settle the mortgage. Thus, had he owned some land in Athens itself, including the land the tree sat on, presumably he would have sold it to raise funds or otherwise had it taken as well.K)And whatever the case there, Jackson would have known property taxes needed to be paid on the deeded land for the tree to be truly secure in its future. Yet no account or record indicates any trust or the like was set up to facilitate this.L)On top of all this, there is no hard evidence such a deed ever existed, despite the fact that deed records in Athens go back many decades before Jackson’s death in 1876 and that it was supposed to have existed in 1890 in the archives according to the original anonymous news reporter who claims to have seen it.M)As you might imagine from all of this, few give credit to this side of the story. So how did all of this come about then?N)It is speculated to have been invented by the imagination of the said anonymous author at the Athens Weekly Banner in the aforementioned 1890 front page article titled “Deeded to Itself”, which by the way contained several elements that are much more easily proved to be false. As to why the author would do this, it’s speculated perhaps it was a 19th century version of a click-bait thought exercise on whether it would be legal for someone to deed such a non-conscious living thing to itself or not.O)Whatever the case, the next known instance of the Tree That Owns Itself being mentioned wasn’t until 1901 in the Centennial Edition of that same paper, the Athens Weekly Banner.This featured another account very clearly just copying the original article published abouta decade before, only slightly reworded. The next account was in 1906, again in the AthensWeekly Banner, again very clearly copying the original account, only slightly reworded, the 19th century equivalent of re-posts when the audience has forgotten about the original.36. Jackson was said to have transferred his ownership of the oak tree to itself in order to protect it from being destroyed.37. No proof has been found from an extensive search that Jackson had ever owned the land where the oak tree grew.38. When it was raining heavily, Jackson often took shelter under a big tree that is said to own itself.39. There is no evidence that Jackson had made arrangements to pay property taxes for the land on which the oak tree sat.40. Professor Ward paid Jackson over one thousand dollars when purchasing a piece of land from him.41. It is said the tree that owned itself fell in a heavy windstorm.42. The story of the oak tree is suspected to have been invented as a thought exercise.43. Jackson’s little plantation was auctioned off to settle his debt in the mid-19th century.44. An official ceremony was held to celebrate the transplanting of a small tree to where its ancestor had stood.45. The story of the Tree That Owns Itself appeared in the local paper several times, with slight alterations in wording.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is irrefutable that employees know the difference between right and wron g. So why don’t more employees intervene when they see someone exhibiting at-risk behavior in the workplace?There are a number of factors that influence whether people intervene. First, they need to be able to see a risky situation beginning to unfold. Second, the company’s culture needs to make them feel safe to speak up. And third, they need to have the communication skills to say something effectively.This is not strictly a workplace problem; it’s a growing problem off the job too. Every day people witness things on the street and choose to stand idly by. This is known as the bystander effect—the more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone in that group is to help the victim. The psychology behind this is called diffusion of responsibility. Basically, the larger the crowd, the more people assume that someone else will take care of it—meaning no one effectively intervenes or acts in a moment of need.This crowd mentality is strong enough for people to evade their known responsibilities. But it’s not only frontline workers who don’t make safety i nterventions in the workplace. There are also instances where supervisors do not intervene either.When a group of employees sees unsafe behavior not being addressed at a leadership level it creates the precedent that this is how these situations should be addressed, thus defining the safety culture for everyone.Despite the fact that workers are encouraged to intervene when they observe unsafe operations, this happens less than half of the time. Fear is the ultimate factor in not intervening. There is a fear of penalty, a fear that they’ll have to do more work if they intervene. Unsuccessful attempts in the past are another strong contributing factor to why people don’t intervene—they tend to prefer to defer that action to someone else for all future situations.On many worksites, competent workers must be appointed. Part of their job is to intervene when workers perform a task without the proper equipment or if the conditions are unsafe. Competent workers are also required to stop work from continuing when there’s a danger.Supervisors also play a critical role. Even if a competent person isn’t required, supervisors need a broad set of skills to not only identify and alleviate workplace hazards but also build a safety climate within their team that supports intervening and open communication among them.Beyond competent workers and supervisors, it’s important to educate everyon e within the organization that they are obliged to intervene if they witness a possible unsafe act, whether you’re a designated competent person, a supervisor or a frontline worker.46. What is one of the factors contributing to failure of intervention in face of risky behavior in the workplace?A) Slack supervision style. C) Unforeseeable risk.B) Unfavorable workplace culture. D) Blocked communication.47. What does the author mean by “diffusion of responsibility” (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) The more people are around, the more they need to worry about their personal safety.B) The more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone will venture to participate.C) The more people idling around on the street, the more likely they need taking care of.D) The more people are around, the less chance someone will step forward to intervene.48. What happens when unsafe behavior at the workplace is not addressed by the leaders?A) No one will intervene when they see similar behaviors.B) Everyone will see it as the easiest way to deal with crisis.C) Workers have to take extra caution executing their duties.D) Workers are left to take care of the emergency themselves.49. What is the ultimate reason workers won’t act when they see unsafe operations?A) Preference of deferring the action to others. C) Fear of being isolated by coworkers.B) Anticipation of leadership intervention. D) Fear of having to do more work.50. What is critical to ensuring workplace safety?A) Workers be trained to operate their equipment properly.B) Workers exhibiting at-risk behavior be strictly disciplined.C) Supervisors create a safety environment for timely intervention.D) Supervisors conduct effective communication with frontline workers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change.The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy.On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewables are crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have i f we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality.“Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewables,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.”The achievability of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have s mall populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewables typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities.Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewables. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewables provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019.But progress has halted in recent years. The instability of renewables doe sn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests.The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010—slower than the EU average of 13.5%.51. What accounts for the divide within the scientific community about nuclear energy?A) Attention to combating human-made climate change.B) Emphasis on protecting wildlife and natural ecosystems.C) Evolution of the term ‘green energy’ over the last century.D) Adherence to different interpretations of environmentalism.52. What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’ opponents?A) Relying on renewables firmly and exclusively.B) Using fossil fuel and green energy alternately.C) Opting for nuclear energy when necessary.D) Limiting people’s non-basic consumption.53. What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example?A) It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewables is attainable.B) It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal.C) It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewables have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities.D) It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world.54. What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy?A) It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades.B) It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy.C) It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity.D) It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel.55. What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having halted in recent years?A) Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy.B) Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime.C) Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies.D) Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统婚礼习俗历史悠久，从周朝开始就逐渐形成了一套完整的婚礼仪式，有些一直沿用至今。