我品尝未酿之酒I taste a liquor never brewed

TheLiterature of Romanticism
(19thcentury)
WashingtonIrving
华盛顿·欧文
(1783-1859)
The first great prose stylist of American Romanticism
☆The Author’s Account of Himself
☆I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed
☆I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain
☆A Bird Came down the Walk—
☆I Died for Beauty—But Was Scarce
☆I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—
☆Thanatopsis《死亡随想》
☆To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》(perhaps the peak of his works)
Edgar Allan Poe
埃德加·爱伦·坡
(1809-1849)
poetry, novel, literary criticism
☆To Hellen
☆The Raven
☆My Lost Youth
☆The Song of Hiawatha
The Literature of Realism
(19thcentury)
Walt Whitman
沃尔特·惠特曼
(1819-1892)
He devised the poetic style which is now called free verse
③The Pathfinder
④The Pioneers
⑤The Prairie

有关酒的术语的翻译WINE, LIQUOR, SPIRITS1. 关于酒度常见的是用alcohol content(酒精的含量) ，酒精度来表述，如：酒度为16~18°：with an alcohol content of 16~18°or contain 20% alcohol这种酒酒精度很高。

This wine has a high alcohol content.但酒业界的酒精含量不等于酒度。

洋河酒厂的一位专家指出，他们业内不用alcohol content这个词，因为不是这个含义。

经多方查找，在韦勃斯特大词典上找到了，是proof这个词。

proof n.（酒类的）标准酒精度Whiskey of 90 proof is 45% alcohol. 90度的威士忌含酒精45%。

This gin is 15 per cent under (or below) proof.这杜松子酒的酒精度低于标准15%。

proof n. the relative strength of an alcoholic liquor with reference to thearbitrary standard for proof spirit; this standard, taken as 100 proof: see PROOFSPIRIT酒精或酒类的最低强度；标准酒精强度proof spirit an alcoholic liquor, or a mixture of alcohol and water, containing byvolume 50 percent (in Great Britain and Canada 57.10 percent) ethyl alcohol at15.6°C (c. 60°F)标准烈度的酒（酒精含量美制为50%，英制为57.1%）含有标准酒精百分数的酒精饮料或酒精和水的混合物1）按体积计算含酒精量接近一半的酒2）与蒸馏水体积相同，重量为其12/13或按体积计算含酒精57.10%的酒overproof a. Containing more alcohol than proof spirit does含酒精超过规定度数的underproof a. Containing less alcohol than proof spirit does 含酒精低于规定度数的proof gallon酒度标准加仑2.“醇和”，“醇厚”：mellow a. full-flavoured; matured; not acid or bitter; said of wine, etc.［指葡萄酒］：年头足够而又恰到好处，因而不酸不涩的；酒精适度而又芳醇的a mellow wine/port芳醇的葡萄酒fully ripe in flavour or taste熟透的, 芳醇的:mellow wine, fruit香醇的酒; 熟透的水果soft and sweet in taste味道柔和甘甜soft and ripe (taste)(of fruit and wine) sweet and ripe or MATURE, esp. after being kept for along timemature a. (of cheese, wine, etc.) ready to be eaten or drunk; ripe come or bring to full development or to a state ready for use (of wine or cheese) having reached a stage where its flavour has fullydeveloped成熟的mature wine酿熟的酒This wine has not matured properly.full-bodied a. rich in quality, tone, etc.质地纯正的；醇厚的；浓烈的; having a richflavor and much strength醇厚和浓烈的A full-bodied red wine醇厚的红葡萄酒flavour, flavor n. taste and smell, esp. of food味道和气味（尤指食物的）Wines with a delicate flavor有清香味道的葡萄酒报章和包装上摘下来一些词组供参考：酒性柔和smooth, mild酒性柔和和醇厚mellow and mild; having a full body清澈绵软 soft and crystal clear气香味浓 have a rich fragrant flavour醇和 be very mellow; pure and mild醇厚 mellow; rich (滋味;气味)酒味醇厚 The wine tastes/is mellow.适口 be agreeable to the taste色泽晶莹 clear酒味甘醇 mellow浓郁芳香 a pleasant (rose) bouquet酒醇清香 fragrant and sweet绵甜 soft and sweet in taste; mellow3．指酒的几个词的区别：1）wine n.a. alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of grapes葡萄酒：用发酵了的葡萄汁制成的酒精饮料：red wine红葡萄酒rose wine玫瑰红葡萄酒white wine白葡萄酒dry wine干葡萄酒sweet wine甜葡萄酒the wines of Alsace阿尔萨斯产的各类葡萄酒White wine is produced from light-coloured grapes or from dark-coloured grapeswith the skin removed.白葡萄酒是用浅色的葡萄或用深色的葡萄去皮后酿成的。

彭斯诗歌汉译中苏格兰民族性的体现作者：向若怡来源：《丝路视野》2020年第01期摘;要：苏格兰农民诗人罗伯特·彭斯一生坚持用苏格兰方言创作，其作品对复活、丰富苏格兰民族文化具有重要意义。

《汤姆·奥桑特》是彭斯据苏格兰民间传说所作的叙事诗，也是他自认为最好的作品之一。

本文将从苏格兰民族性的角度出发，对比分析《汤姆·奥桑特》王、袁两译本，讨论译文中体现的苏格兰民族性，总结彭斯诗歌汉译存在的问题，以期为彭斯尚未汉译的作品提供一些借鉴。

关键词：罗伯特·彭斯;汉译;苏格兰民族文化一、引言苏格兰农民诗人罗伯特·彭斯（Robert Burns）一生坚持以苏格兰方言创作，其诗歌充分保留了苏格兰民族性，具有极高的审美价值和研究价值，对复活、丰富苏格兰民族文化具有重要意义。

但彭斯诗歌这一特性也使其翻译难度较大，译者不仅要克服语言上的障碍，也需挖掘相关文化背景，译文方可体现出民族性。

《汤姆·奥桑特》（Tam O’Shanter）是彭斯在1793年发表的一首据民间传说创作的叙事诗，由英语、苏格兰语和少量盖尔语三种语言写成，也是诗人自认为最好的作品之一。

该诗描述了酒鬼汤姆回家途中偶遇妖鬼乱舞，被众鬼发现后惊险逃脱的故事。

本文将以此诗为例，从苏格兰民族性的角度出发，对比我国两位翻译家王佐良、袁可嘉在翻译服饰、饮食和景物方面的差异，讨论译文中体现的苏格兰民族性，总结彭斯诗歌汉译存在的问题，以期为彭斯尚未汉译的作品提供一些借鉴。

二、两译本对比（一）服饰服饰是民族文化的一部分，其色彩、材质与样式均能体现民族性。

如不能准确翻译这些细节，则译文就无法体现苏格兰民族性。

下文以两例分析：例1原诗第九节提到汤姆的帽子blue bonnet，“Whiles holding fast his gude blue bonnet;;Whiles crooning o'er some auld Scots sonnet;”王译为：“他紧扣头上天蓝新呢帽，口哼古老的苏格兰小调”;袁译为：“他紧紧抓住那顶蓝草帽，一边哼着苏格兰古调。

Compensation
For each ecstatic instant We must an anguish pay In keen and quivering ratio To the ecstasy.
For each beloved hour Sharp pittances of years, Bitter contested farthings And coffers heaped with tears.
当地上不能存在 天堂是何等美妙
那时，我们老邻居上帝的表情 会多么好客，殷勤，周到
It was too late for Man But early, yet for God Creation - impotent to help But Prayer - remained - Our Side -
A throe upon the features -
A hurry in the breath An ecstasy of parting Denominated “Death” -
An anguish at the mention Which when to patience grown, I’ve known permission given To rejoin its own.
" 信念" 是个微妙的发明
" 信念" 是个微妙的发明 当绅士们能看见的时候— 但显微镜却是谨慎的 在紧急的时候。
"Faith" is a fine invention
"FAITH" is a fine invention
When Gentlemen can see-But Microsopes are prudent In an Emergency.